CN212332390U - Braking energy recovery system of hybrid power loader - Google Patents
Braking energy recovery system of hybrid power loader Download PDFInfo
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- CN212332390U CN212332390U CN202021224460.XU CN202021224460U CN212332390U CN 212332390 U CN212332390 U CN 212332390U CN 202021224460 U CN202021224460 U CN 202021224460U CN 212332390 U CN212332390 U CN 212332390U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hybrid loader braking energy recovery system belongs to engineering machine tool technical field. The engine is mechanically connected with the generator; the storage battery pack is electrically connected with the battery management module; the battery management module is electrically connected with a converter, and the converter is electrically connected with the driving motor, the braking resistor grid and the generator respectively; a brake is arranged on a main shaft of the driving motor; the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with an accelerator pedal, a battery management module, a current transformer, a brake pedal, a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor. When the whole vehicle is decelerated or braked, the driving motor is converted into a generator to generate power due to the running inertia of the whole vehicle, and the power is stored in the storage battery pack through the inverter and the battery management module; the electric energy stored by the storage battery pack can continuously provide power for the whole machine. The utility model has high fuel efficiency of the engine, the braking kinetic energy of the whole vehicle can be recovered, and the energy is saved; the whole vehicle is free of mechanical transmission parts, is not limited in space arrangement, and is high in reliability and convenient to maintain.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an engineering machine tool technical field, concretely relates to four-wheel independent drive's hybrid loader braking energy recuperation system and method.
Background
At present, all traditional loaders adopt hydraulic mechanical transmission, and an engine drives a hydraulic torque converter to transmit power to a drive axle and wheels through a gearbox and a transmission shaft. The dynamic characteristic of the hydraulic torque converter is adapted to the working condition of frequent starting and braking of the loader, the differential mechanism of the drive axle is used for realizing the rotating speed difference of the left wheel and the right wheel of the same axle during steering, and the differential locking mechanism is used for realizing the distribution of the driving torque of the left wheel and the right wheel when the adhesion force of the wheels is different, so that the insufficient traction force of the whole loader caused by wheel slipping is prevented.
However, the hydraulic transmission machine has low efficiency and slow power output response, and the gearbox, the transmission shaft and the drive axle are inconvenient to maintain and have poor reliability. With the development of electronic technology, particularly IGBT technology, the current transformation control technology which takes rectification and inversion as the core is simplified. At present, a hybrid loader with four wheels driven independently is not developed at home, the braking kinetic energy of the whole vehicle is not recovered and reused, and the energy utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a hybrid loader braking energy recovery system and method, with the help of the electric drive system advantage, retrieve the energy of recycling more with the energy of economizing on land.
The utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes: a hybrid loader braking energy recovery system,
the engine is mechanically connected with the generator, and the accelerator pedal is connected with the engine;
the storage battery pack is electrically connected with the battery management module, and the battery management module monitors the electric quantity of the storage battery pack in real time and controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery pack;
the battery management module is electrically connected with a converter, and the converter is electrically connected with the driving motor, the braking resistor grid and the generator respectively;
a brake is arranged on a main shaft of the driving motor, and a brake pedal is connected with the brake; a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the driving motor;
the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with an accelerator pedal, a battery management module, a current transformer, a brake pedal, a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor.
Preferably: the battery management module comprises a storage battery electric quantity monitoring element, a battery discharging switch and an overcurrent protection element.
Preferably: the driving motor is a permanent magnet alternating current motor or an induction motor or a switched reluctance motor.
Preferably: the brake pedal drives the brake through hydraulic power.
Preferably: a front drive axle and a rear drive axle are respectively arranged on the front frame and the rear frame; the driving motor is arranged in axle housings at two ends of the front driving axle and the rear driving axle and is connected with wheels.
A hybrid loader braking energy recovery method comprises the following steps:
when the driver increases the angle of the accelerator pedal, the whole vehicle enters an acceleration working condition:
the battery management module can determine whether the whole vehicle is powered by the storage battery pack or the generator driven by the engine according to the electric quantity of the storage battery pack;
when the electric quantity SOC of the storage battery pack reaches 80% of the total capacity, the vehicle control unit cuts off excitation of the generator to enable the generator to idle, and the storage battery pack provides electric energy for the vehicle to drive the vehicle to run;
when the energy SOC of the storage battery pack is consumed to 20% of the battery capacity, the vehicle control unit cuts off a circuit from the storage battery pack to the generator and the driving motor, controls the engine to start and turns on an excitation switch of the generator to enable the generator to normally work, and provides electric energy for the vehicle;
when the driver reduces the angle of the accelerator pedal or steps on the brake pedal, the whole vehicle enters a braking working condition:
the vehicle control unit sends an instruction to the converter to reduce the exciting current of the generator, so that the generator does not output electric energy any more and the driving motor does not input electric energy any more;
the whole vehicle running inertia drives a driving motor rotor to rotate to generate induced electromotive force to generate power, the driving motor is converted into a generator, and the whole vehicle decelerates under the action of running resistance and the reverse moment of the driving motor rotor;
the electric energy generated by the driving motor is reversely rectified by an inverter unit of the converter and then converted into direct current, and the generated electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack through the battery management module; if the storage battery pack is full of electricity at the moment, redundant electric energy is consumed through heating of the braking resistor grid.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
when the whole vehicle enters a braking working condition, the required total braking force is distributed on the front wheel shaft and the rear wheel shaft;
according to the axle load distribution proportion and the ground adhesion coefficient when the whole vehicle is in no-load, the whole vehicle controller distributes the braking torque of the front and rear drive axle shafts in advance;
when the loading load of the whole vehicle changes, the whole vehicle controller recalculates and distributes new braking torque of the front driving shaft and the rear driving shaft.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
each driving motor is controlled by an inversion unit of the converter, and the vehicle control unit calculates the braking torque of the driving motor according to the acceleration signals of the four driving motors, the vehicle speed signal, the axle loads of the front and rear driving axles and the ground adhesion coefficient; applying a required braking torque to the driving motor through the vehicle control unit;
if the maximum motor braking force which can be provided by the driving motor of the shaft is larger than the required braking force on the shaft, the required braking force is completely provided by the driving motor;
if the maximum motor braking force which can be provided by the driving motor of the shaft is smaller than the required braking force on the shaft, the driving motor outputs the maximum braking force, and the insufficient part of the required braking force of the shaft is provided by the brake.
Preferably: the brake resistor grid is arranged at the rear part of the rear frame; the brake resistor grid consists of four brake resistors, and the rear part of the rear frame is provided with a fan for continuously radiating heat of the brake resistor grid.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
based on the traditional hydraulic transmission loader, a hybrid loader which alternately provides electric energy by a generator driven by a fuel engine and a storage battery pack is developed, the engine can work at rated rotating speed, the fuel efficiency is high,
2, the generator drives the wheel-side motor, the power response is fast, the generator, the driving motor, the storage battery pack and the braking system are all controlled electronically, mechanical transmission parts such as a torque converter, a gearbox, a transmission shaft, an axle and the like are omitted, the arrangement space is not limited, and the wheel-side motor has the advantages of convenience in maintenance, high reliability and the like;
3, the braking energy recovery system can convert kinetic energy of the whole vehicle into electric energy by using the motor during braking and store the electric energy in the storage battery pack, and the whole vehicle discharges electricity during running, so that the energy utilization rate is greatly improved, and the use cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of a hybrid loader according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hybrid loader braking energy recovery system connection provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block flow diagram of a hybrid loader braking energy recovery method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an accelerator pedal; 2. a brake pedal; 3. a battery management module; 4. a battery pack; 5. a vehicle control unit; 6. a wheel; 7. braking a resistor grid; 8. a rear frame; 9. an engine; 10. a generator; 11. a current transformer; 12. a front frame; 13. a drive motor; 14. and a brake.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description of the orientation structure and operation of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a hybrid loader braking energy recovery system is provided, in which a front drive axle and a rear drive axle are respectively mounted on a front frame 12 and a rear frame 8; the driving motor 13 is arranged in axle housings at two ends of the front driving axle and the rear driving axle and is connected with the wheels 6.
The engine 9 is mechanically connected with the generator 10, and the accelerator pedal 1 is connected with the engine 9 to control the oil supply amount of the engine;
the storage battery pack 4 is electrically connected with the battery management module 3, the battery management module comprises a storage battery electric quantity monitoring element, a battery discharge switch and an overcurrent prevention protection element, and the battery management module monitors the electric quantity of the storage battery pack in real time and controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery pack;
the battery management module 3 is electrically connected with a converter 11, and the converter 11 is electrically connected with a driving motor 13, a braking resistance grid 7 and a generator 10 respectively;
the brake resistance grid 7 is arranged at the rear part of the rear frame 8; the brake resistor grid consists of four brake resistors, the current of the brake resistor grid is high during braking, and the temperature of the brake resistor grid is high, so that a fan is arranged to continuously radiate the brake resistor grid 7;
a brake 14 is mounted on a main shaft of the driving motor 13, and the brake pedal 14 drives the brake 14 by hydraulic power. A rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the driving motor 13; the driving motor is a permanent magnet alternating current motor or an induction motor or a switched reluctance motor;
the vehicle control unit 5 is electrically connected with an accelerator pedal 1, a battery management module 3, a converter 11, a brake pedal 2, a rotation speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor.
The braking mode of the loader in the embodiment is the combination of two types of electric braking and mechanical braking:
the vehicle controller transmits data and commands through a CAN network by using an electric braking type accelerator pedal signal, a brake pedal signal, a vehicle speed sensor signal (a rotating speed sensor signal), an acceleration sensor signal and the like. The electric braking is started at the moment of reducing the speed of an accelerator pedal, the vehicle control unit sends an instruction to the converter after detecting an accelerator pedal signal, the converter cuts off the power supply of the driving motor and the excitation of the generator, the driving motor is converted into the generator to generate induced electromotive force due to the running inertia of the vehicle, and simultaneously the rotor of the driving motor is subjected to reaction torque to brake the wheels;
the mechanical brake adopts a brake pedal, a brake pump, an electromagnetic valve, an energy accumulator and the like to drive a brake to clamp and drive a motor rotor main shaft brake disc through hydraulic power to implement braking, and the braking mode is friction braking.
Example two
A hybrid loader braking energy recovery method, based on the first embodiment, and shown in fig. 3, includes the following steps:
when the driver increases the angle of the accelerator pedal, the whole vehicle enters an acceleration working condition:
the battery management module can determine whether the whole vehicle is powered by the storage battery pack or the generator driven by the engine according to the electric quantity of the storage battery pack;
when the electric quantity SOC of the storage battery pack reaches 80% of the total capacity, the vehicle control unit cuts off excitation of the generator to enable the generator to idle, and the storage battery pack provides electric energy for the vehicle to drive the vehicle to run;
when the energy SOC of the storage battery pack is consumed to 20% of the battery capacity, the vehicle control unit cuts off a circuit from the storage battery pack to the generator and the driving motor, controls the engine to start and turns on an excitation switch of the generator to enable the generator to normally work, and provides electric energy for the vehicle;
when the driver reduces the angle of the accelerator pedal or steps on the brake pedal, the whole vehicle enters a braking working condition:
the vehicle control unit sends an instruction to the converter to reduce the exciting current of the generator, so that the generator does not output electric energy any more and the driving motor does not input electric energy any more;
the whole vehicle running inertia drives a driving motor rotor to rotate to generate induced electromotive force to generate power, the driving motor is converted into a generator, and the whole vehicle decelerates under the action of running resistance and the reverse moment of the driving motor rotor;
the electric energy generated by the driving motor is reversely rectified by an inverter unit of the converter and then converted into direct current, and the generated electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack through the battery management module; if the storage battery pack is full of electricity at the moment, redundant electric energy is consumed through heating of the braking resistor grid.
Furthermore, in order to recover the possible great braking energy of the whole vehicle and realize the stable braking state,
when the whole vehicle enters a braking working condition, the required total braking force is distributed on the front wheel shaft and the rear wheel shaft, and the distribution method comprises the following steps:
due to different states of the working device of the whole vehicle, the load proportion of the front axle and the rear axle is different. The ratio of front and rear axle loads when the loader is unloaded is about 45%: 55%, the front-to-rear axle load ratio increases by up to about 65% at full load: 35 percent;
according to the axle load distribution proportion and the ground adhesion coefficient when the whole vehicle is in no-load, the whole vehicle controller distributes the braking torque of the front and rear drive axle shafts in advance;
when the loading load of the whole vehicle changes, the whole vehicle controller recalculates and distributes new braking torque of the front driving shaft and the rear driving shaft;
each driving motor is controlled by an inversion unit of the converter, and the vehicle control unit calculates the braking torque of the driving motor according to the acceleration signals of the four driving motors, the vehicle speed signal, the axle loads of the front and rear driving axles and the ground adhesion coefficient; applying a required braking torque to the driving motor through the vehicle control unit;
if the maximum motor braking force which can be provided by the driving motor of the shaft is larger than the required braking force on the shaft, the required braking force is completely provided by the driving motor;
if the maximum motor braking force which can be provided by the driving motor of the shaft is smaller than the required braking force on the shaft, the driving motor outputs the maximum braking force, and the insufficient part of the required braking force of the shaft is provided by the brake.
In the embodiment, the engine consumes fuel oil to drive the generator to generate electricity, or the storage battery pack of the whole vehicle generates electricity through chemical reaction to drive the generator and the driving motor to drive the whole vehicle to run. The engine fuel economy in the hybrid power loader braking energy recovery system is good, transmission parts such as a gearbox, a transmission shaft and an axle are omitted, the hybrid power loader braking energy recovery system is not limited by arrangement space, the reliability is high, the service life is long, the failure rate of the whole machine is low, and the hybrid power loader braking energy recovery system is suitable for large-tonnage loaders.
Claims (5)
1. A hybrid loader braking energy recovery system,
the method is characterized in that:
the engine is mechanically connected with the generator, and the accelerator pedal is connected with the engine;
the storage battery pack is electrically connected with the battery management module, and the battery management module monitors the electric quantity of the storage battery pack in real time and controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery pack;
the battery management module is electrically connected with a converter, and the converter is electrically connected with the driving motor, the braking resistor grid and the generator respectively;
a brake is arranged on a main shaft of the driving motor, and a brake pedal is connected with the brake; a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the driving motor;
the vehicle control unit is electrically connected with an accelerator pedal, a battery management module, a current transformer, a brake pedal, a rotating speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and a temperature sensor.
2. A hybrid loader braking energy recovery system according to claim 1 and further characterized by: the battery management module comprises a storage battery electric quantity monitoring element, a battery discharging switch and an overcurrent protection element.
3. A hybrid loader braking energy recovery system according to claim 1 wherein: the driving motor is a permanent magnet alternating current motor or an induction motor or a switched reluctance motor.
4. A hybrid loader braking energy recovery system according to claim 1 wherein: the brake pedal drives the brake through hydraulic power.
5. A hybrid loader braking energy recovery system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: a front drive axle and a rear drive axle are respectively arranged on the front frame and the rear frame; the driving motor is arranged in axle housings at two ends of the front driving axle and the rear driving axle and is connected with wheels.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021224460.XU CN212332390U (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Braking energy recovery system of hybrid power loader |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021224460.XU CN212332390U (en) | 2020-06-29 | 2020-06-29 | Braking energy recovery system of hybrid power loader |
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| CN212332390U true CN212332390U (en) | 2021-01-12 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111746291A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司科技分公司 | Hybrid power loader braking energy recovery system and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111746291A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司科技分公司 | Hybrid power loader braking energy recovery system and method |
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