CN111204233A - Range-extending type electric four-wheel drive system and automobile - Google Patents
Range-extending type electric four-wheel drive system and automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN111204233A CN111204233A CN202010086640.4A CN202010086640A CN111204233A CN 111204233 A CN111204233 A CN 111204233A CN 202010086640 A CN202010086640 A CN 202010086640A CN 111204233 A CN111204233 A CN 111204233A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
- B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a range-extended electric four-wheel drive system and an automobile. The vehicle control unit is connected with the engine control unit, the generator control unit, the battery management system, the driving motor control unit and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit. The driving motor of the extended-range electric four-wheel drive system simultaneously realizes the functions of the motor and power generation. When the engine works normally, the power needed by the power accessories and generated by the power accessories is provided; the vehicle control unit controls the rotating speed and the output power of the engine and the generator by adopting a power following strategy; the two-gear electrically driven gearbox works normally to form a full-time four-wheel drive structure. The structure and the control logic are simple and reliable, the universality of parts is high, the cost is low, the adaptability of the pavement and the climate is strong, and the impact vibration resistance, the sealing performance and the structural durability are strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a range-extending type electric four-wheel drive system and an automobile.
Background
The main contradictions in the development of the electric automobile are the opposition of pure electric endurance mileage and safety, and the opposition of high energy consumption and high emission in the whole life cycle and the initial aim of energy conservation and emission reduction. The range-extended electric vehicle has all the advantages of a pure electric vehicle, such as high acceleration speed, smooth power and the like, and the problem of anxiety of endurance mileage is avoided. Zero emission and zero pollution are achieved in the pure electric mode, and the oil can be saved by more than 50% in the range extending mode compared with the traditional fuel oil automobile.
The conventional extended range electric vehicle power system generally adopts two forms. Firstly, an engine is additionally arranged on a pure electric vehicle to be used as a range extender, and the driving range is simply prolonged. When the electric quantity of the power battery is lower than a certain residual electric quantity SOC threshold value, the power system starts the engine to work to charge the battery. Such a system requires a large power battery capacity and weight, and a large range extender power, while there is about 10% energy loss during the charging and discharging process of the battery. The second range-extending electric system adopts the capacities of the engine and the battery which are less than or equal to the preset value through optimizing the electric system, and the working interval of the system is fixed in a power range with higher economical efficiency so as to improve the oil consumption level in the range-extending mode. The power battery can be prevented from being overcharged and overdischarged through the optimization of the charging strategy, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged. However, such a system still cannot avoid energy loss during battery charge-discharge, and the performance requirement of the highest vehicle speed determines that the capacity of the power battery cannot be further reduced. Large battery capacity, heavy weight and high cost. Meanwhile, the battery always works under high load, and the cycle life is influenced by being larger than a preset value.
The existing four-wheel drive systems of pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are in two categories. One type is that an electric drive axle or a pair of hub motors is added on a front axle or a rear axle to form a four-wheel drive structure, and functions of driving force distribution, differential speed and the like are realized through an electronic system. The other type is distributed driving adopting a hub motor, and differential speed and torque distribution are realized through an electronic system. The two types of electric four-wheel drive systems completely depend on an electronic and electric control system, complex control logic is needed, and the reliability and the stability of the two types of electric four-wheel drive systems in a severe field are far lower than those of the traditional mechanical four-wheel drive system. For automobiles which adopt integral bridges for non-paved road surfaces and road surfaces, the electric drive system on the axle or the wheel can obviously increase the unsprung mass of the whole automobile, and the electric drive system which jumps up and down along with the integral bridge is required to have extremely high impact vibration resistance, sealing antifouling performance, structural durability and the like. Therefore, the two types of electric four-wheel drive systems are not suitable for non-paved pavements and are not suitable for automobiles. Meanwhile, in a low-temperature environment, the battery can be in an instable condition of power shortage and the like, so that the conventional electric four-wheel drive system has the defects of poor reliability, high system complexity, poor environment adaptability and the like compared with the conventional mechanical four-wheel drive system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a range-extended electric four-wheel drive system and an automobile, and solves the problems that an existing range-extended power system is low in energy efficiency, heavy in battery weight and short in service life, and an existing electric four-wheel drive system is poor in reliability, high in complexity and not suitable for the automobile.
To solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following solutions:
an extended range electric four-wheel drive system comprising:
the engine is connected with the generator, the generator is respectively connected with the driving motor and the power battery, the driving motor is connected with the two-gear electrically-driven transmission, the two-gear electrically-driven transmission is respectively connected with the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle, the mechanical front drive axle is connected with the traveling front wheel, and the mechanical rear drive axle is connected with the traveling rear wheel;
the whole vehicle controller is connected with the engine control unit, the generator control unit, the battery management system, the driving motor control unit and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit;
the engine control unit controls an engine, the battery management system controls the power battery, the driving motor control unit controls the driving motor, and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit controls the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox;
the vehicle control unit executes a power following strategy according to power required by system load, the residual capacity SOC of the power battery and an instruction input by a user, and the engine control unit and the generator control unit control the rotating speed and the output power of the engine and the generator.
Further, the two-gear electrically-driven transmission mechanically integrates a central differential device and a central differential lock;
the mechanical front drive axle integrates a front axle main speed reducer and a front differential lock;
the mechanical rear drive axle is integrated with a rear axle main speed reducer, a rear axle differential device and a rear differential lock.
Further, the vehicle control unit also controls the front differential lock controller and the rear differential lock controller;
the front differential lock controller controls the mechanical front drive axle, and the rear differential lock controller controls the mechanical rear drive axle.
Further, when the vehicle control unit detects that the vehicle is in a stable braking process and the remaining capacity SOC of the power battery is lower than a first set threshold value, the vehicle control unit sends a command of reducing the rotating speed and the output power to the engine control unit and the generator control unit, and simultaneously sends a command to the driving motor control unit, and the remaining power of the generator flows to the power battery for reverse charging.
Further, when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle idles or the load torque is less than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit sends a command for locking the central differential lock to the gear shifting and differential lock control unit or sends a prompt for manually switching the central differential lock, so that the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle are rigidly connected, and part or all of the torque is transmitted to the drive axle which does not idle or the load torque is greater than the preset value.
Further, when the mechanical front drive axle works normally, the front axle main reducer amplifies the driving force transmitted by the central differential device, the front axle differential device transmits the driving force to the two traveling front wheels at two sides, and the driving force between the two traveling front wheels is matched with the rotating speed;
when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the two front traveling wheels idles or the load torque is smaller than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit sends a front locking differential lock instruction or sends a prompt for manually switching the front locking differential lock through the front differential lock controller, two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical front drive axle are in rigid connection, and partial or all torque of the front axle is transmitted to the other front traveling wheel which does not idles or the load torque is larger than the preset value.
Further, when the mechanical rear drive axle works normally, the rear axle main reducer amplifies the driving force transmitted by the central differential device, the rear axle differential device transmits the driving force to the two traveling rear wheels at two sides, and the driving force between the two traveling rear wheels is matched with the rotating speed;
when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the two walking rear wheels idles or the load torque is smaller than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit sends a locked differential lock instruction to the rear differential lock controller or sends a prompt for manually switching the locked differential lock, two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical rear drive axle are in rigid connection, and part or all of the torque of the rear axle is transmitted to the other walking rear wheel which does not idles or the load torque is larger than the preset value.
Furthermore, the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle both adopt disconnected or non-disconnected mechanical drive axle structures.
Further, the crankshaft of the engine is directly connected with the input shaft of the generator in a coaxial mode or is in combined transmission connection in a mode of a coupler and a clutch mechanism;
the output shaft of the driving motor is in coaxial direct connection with the input shaft of the two-gear electrically-driven transmission or in combined transmission connection in a combined mode of a coupler and a clutch mechanism;
an output shaft of a differential device of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox is connected with an input shaft of a main speed reducer of the mechanical front drive axle;
an output shaft of the differential device of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox is coaxially and directly connected with an input shaft of a main speed reducer of the mechanical rear drive axle through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through a combination of the transmission shaft and a coupler;
the output shaft of the rear differential device integrated with the mechanical rear drive axle is coaxially and directly connected with the traveling rear wheel through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupler and a clutch mechanism;
the output shaft of the front differential device integrated with the mechanical front drive axle is coaxially and directly connected with the traveling front wheel through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupler and a clutch mechanism.
An automobile comprises the extended range electric four-wheel drive system.
The scheme of the invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the scheme, the extended-range electric four-wheel drive system is completely compatible with a mechanical four-wheel drive structure of a traditional automobile, the control logic is simple and reliable, the universality of parts is high, and the cost is low; the front drive axle and the rear drive axle of the extended-range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment can adopt mature disconnected or non-disconnected mechanical drive axles, and are simple and reliable in structure, strong in road surface and weather adaptability, and easy to guarantee impact vibration resistance, sealing antifouling performance and structural durability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of an extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100. an engine; 101. an engine control unit; 200. a generator; 201. a generator control unit; 300. a drive motor; 301. a drive motor control unit; 400. a two-gear electrically driven gearbox; 401. a gear shifting and differential lock control unit; 500. a power battery; 501. a battery management system; 600. a vehicle control unit; 700. a mechanical front drive axle; 701. a front differential lock controller; 800. a mechanical rear drive axle; 801. a rear differential lock controller; 900. a traveling front wheel; 901. and a rear wheel is driven.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the term "drive connection" means that a driving force/torque can be directly transmitted between two members or transmitted through one of a necessary coupling, a gear transmission mechanism, a belt transmission mechanism, a chain transmission mechanism, and a clutch mechanism.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an extended-range electric four-wheel drive system, including an engine 100, the engine 100 is connected to a generator 200, the generator 200 is respectively connected to a driving motor 300 and a power battery 500, the driving motor 300 is connected to the power battery 500, the driving motor 300 is connected to a two-gear electrically-driven transmission, the two-gear electrically-driven transmission is respectively connected to a mechanical front drive axle 700 and a mechanical rear drive axle 800, the mechanical front drive axle 700 is connected to a front traveling wheel 900, and the mechanical rear drive axle 800 is connected to a rear traveling wheel 901; the vehicle control unit 600 is connected with the engine control unit 101, the generator control unit 201, the battery management system 501, the driving motor control unit 301 and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit 401, the engine control unit 101 controls the engine 100, the generator control unit 201 controls the generator 200, the battery management system 501 controls the power battery 500, the driving motor control unit 301 controls the driving motor 300, and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit 401 controls the two-gear electrically driven gearbox 400. The vehicle control unit 600 executes a power following strategy according to the power required by the system load, the SOC of the power battery 500 and the user input, and the engine control unit 101 and the generator control unit 201 perform rotation speed and output power control on the engine 100 and the generator 200. Specifically, both the mechanical front drive axle 700 and the mechanical rear drive axle 800 employ a breakaway or non-breakaway mechanical drive axle structure.
The vehicle control unit 600 of the present embodiment adopts a power following strategy to control the rotation speed and output power of the engine 100 and the generator 200 through the engine control unit 101 and the generator control unit 201 according to the power required by the system load, the SOC of the power battery 500, and user input, such as driving mode. Under this strategy, the output power provided by generator 200 is dominated by the power required to meet the system load. The power battery 500 functions as "peak clipping and valley filling" during the process of increasing or decreasing the current output power of the generator 200 to the current required power of the system load through feedback control.
The extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment is completely compatible with a mechanical four-wheel drive structure of a traditional automobile, the control logic is simple and reliable, the universality of parts is high, and the cost is low; the front drive axle and the rear drive axle of the extended-range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment can adopt mature disconnected or non-disconnected mechanical drive axles, and are simple and reliable in structure, strong in road surface and weather adaptability, and easy to guarantee impact vibration resistance, sealing antifouling performance and structural durability.
The engine 100 of the present embodiment is a high compression ratio four-cylinder engine 100 and employs miller cycle and cooling techniques to improve fuel economy throughout its range. However, the engine 100 is not limited to the four-cylinder engine 100, nor to the engine 100 using the fuel-saving technique, but may be other types of engines 100 using other techniques. During normal operation of engine 100, the rotor of generator 200 simultaneously rotates with the crankshaft of engine 100 to generate high-voltage electromotive force.
The driving motor 300 of the present embodiment can realize both the motor function and the power generation function. Specifically, the driving motor 300 employs a motor system integrating a motor controller as a control unit of the driving motor 300, and the driving motor control unit 301 integrates the motor controller and the generator 200 controller.
The two-gear electrically driven transmission of the embodiment mechanically integrates a central differential device and a central differential lock; specifically, the two-gear electrically driven transmission is mechanically integrated with a central differential device and a central differential lock through coaxial direct connection or one transmission mode of a coupler, a gear transmission mechanism, a belt transmission mechanism and a chain transmission mechanism. The mechanical front drive axle 700 integrates a front axle main reducer and a front differential lock, and specifically, the mechanical front drive axle 700 mechanically integrates the front axle main reducer, a front axle differential device and the front differential lock through coaxial direct connection or one or more transmission modes of a coupler and a gear transmission mechanism. The mechanical rear drive axle 800 integrates a rear axle main reducer, a rear axle differential device and a rear differential lock, and specifically, the mechanical rear drive axle 800 mechanically integrates the rear axle main reducer, the rear axle differential device and the rear differential lock by coaxial direct connection or one or more transmission modes of a coupler and a gear transmission mechanism. The extended-range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment integrates the central differential lock, the front axle differential lock and the rear axle differential lock, and has extremely strong difficulty-escaping capability and performance.
The driving motor 300 of the embodiment can realize both the motor function and the power generation function; during normal operation of engine 100, the primary power is used to generate electricity, in addition to providing the power required to power the accessories; the vehicle control unit 600 controls the rotation speed and the output power of the engine 100 and the generator 200 through the engine control unit 101 and the generator control unit 201 by adopting a power following strategy according to the power required by the system load, the SOC of the power battery 500 and user input such as a driving mode; under the power following strategy, the output power provided by the generator 200 is mainly used as the power for meeting the system load requirement, and the power battery 500 plays a role in peak clipping and valley filling; when the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox 400 normally works, the driving force/torque is transmitted to the mechanical front drive axle 700 and the mechanical rear drive axle 800 through the integrated central differential device at the same time, so that a full-time four-wheel drive structure is formed; the front drive axle and the rear drive axle are both integrated with a main speed reducer and a differential lock, and adopt mature disconnected or non-disconnected mechanical drive axle structures. The problems that an existing extended range power system is low in energy efficiency and small in battery weight and service life, and an existing electric four-wheel drive system is poor in reliability and high in complexity and is not suitable for automobiles are solved.
The crankshaft of the engine 100 of the present embodiment is directly connected to the input shaft of the generator 200 in a coaxial manner or in a combined transmission connection in a manner of coupling and clutch mechanism; the output shaft of the driving motor 300 is in coaxial direct connection with the input shaft of the two-gear electrically-driven transmission or in combined transmission connection through a combination mode of a coupler and a clutch mechanism. The differential output shaft of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox 400 is connected with the main reducer input shaft of the mechanical front drive axle 700; the output shaft of the differential device of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox 400 is coaxially and directly connected with the input shaft of the main speed reducer of the mechanical rear drive axle 800 through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through a combination of the transmission shaft and a coupling. The output shaft of the rear differential device integrated with the mechanical rear drive axle 800 is coaxially and directly connected with the traveling rear wheel 901 through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupler and a clutch mechanism; the output shaft of the front differential device integrated with the mechanical front drive axle 700 is coaxially and directly connected with the front traveling wheel 900 through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupling and a clutch mechanism.
The vehicle control unit 600 of the present embodiment is electrically connected to the engine control unit 101; the vehicle control unit 600 is electrically connected with the generator control unit 201; the vehicle control unit 600 is electrically connected with the driving motor control unit 301; the whole vehicle controller 600 is electrically connected with the gear shifting and differential lock control unit 401; the vehicle control unit 600 is electrically connected with the battery management system 501.
In the extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment, when the power currently provided by the generator 200 is lower than or lags behind the demand of the driving motor 300, the difference of the demanded power is satisfied by discharging the power battery 500 to the driving motor 300. When the power provided by the generator 200 is higher or earlier than the demand of the driving motor 300, the power of the generator 200 is shunted to the power battery 500, i.e. the remaining power of the generator 200 is used to charge the power battery 500.
When certain conditions are met, for example, when the vehicle control unit 600 detects that the vehicle is in a stable braking process and the SOC of the power battery 500 is lower than a certain set threshold, the vehicle control unit 600 sends a rotation speed reduction and an output power reduction to the engine control unit 101 and the generator control unit 201, and simultaneously sends an instruction to the driving motor control unit 301, so as to convert the function of the driving motor 300 into the generator 200, and reversely charge the power battery 500, thereby achieving the function of recovering braking energy. In the extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment, when the two-gear electrically driven transmission 400 normally works, the driving force/torque is simultaneously transmitted to the mechanical front drive axle 700 and the mechanical rear drive axle 800 through the integrated central differential device, so as to form a full-time four-wheel drive structure.
When the vehicle control unit 600 detects that one of the driving axles idles or the load torque is less than or equal to the preset value, the vehicle control unit 600 sends a central differential lock locking instruction to the gear shifting and differential lock control unit 401, or locks the central differential lock in a manner of prompting a user to manually switch, so that the mechanical front driving axle 700 and the mechanical rear driving axle 800 are rigidly connected, most of the torque or even all of the torque is transmitted to the driving axle which does not idle or the load torque is greater than the preset value, and therefore sufficient traction force is generated, and the vehicle can continue to run. When the mechanical front drive axle 700 normally works, the driving force/torque transmitted from the central differential device is amplified by the integrated front axle main reducer, and the driving force/torque is transmitted to the two front traveling wheels 900 on both sides by the integrated front axle differential device, so that the matching of the driving force and the rotating speed between the two front traveling wheels 900 is realized.
When the vehicle control unit 600 detects that one of the two front traveling wheels 900 idles or the load torque is less than or equal to the preset value, the vehicle control unit 600 locks the front differential lock in a manner of sending a front differential lock locking instruction to the front differential lock controller 701 or in a manner of prompting a user to manually switch, so that two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical front drive axle 700 are in rigid connection, most of or even all of the torque of the front axle is transmitted to the other front traveling wheel 900 which does not idles or has the load torque greater than the preset value, and the front axle generates sufficient traction force. When the mechanical rear drive axle 800 normally works, the driving force/torque transmitted from the central differential device is amplified by the integrated rear axle main reducer, and the driving force/torque is transmitted to the two traveling rear wheels 901 on both sides by the integrated rear axle differential device, so that the matching between the driving force and the rotating speed of the two traveling rear wheels 901 is realized.
When the vehicle control unit 600 detects that one of the two traveling rear wheels 901 idles or the load torque is less than or equal to the preset value, the vehicle control unit 600 locks the rear differential lock in a manner of sending a rear differential lock locking instruction to the rear differential lock controller 801 or in a manner of prompting a user to manually switch, so that the two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical rear drive axle 800, namely the integrated front axle main speed reducer and the front differential lock, are rigidly connected, and most of the torque or even all of the torque of the rear axle is transmitted to the other traveling rear wheel 901 which does not idle or has the load torque greater than the preset value, so that the rear axle generates sufficient traction force.
As shown in fig. 2, the second embodiment provides an extended-range electric four-wheel drive system, and on the basis of the above embodiments, the vehicle control unit 600 further controls a front differential lock controller 701 and a rear differential lock controller 801; the front differential lock controller 701 controls the mechanical front drive axle 700, and the rear differential lock controller 801 controls the mechanical rear drive axle 800. The vehicle control unit 600 is electrically connected with the front differential lock controller 701; the vehicle control unit 600 is electrically connected to the rear differential lock controller 801.
When the automobile is started, the engine 100 is immediately started and is only used for generating power, and compared with a system in which the power battery 500 provides driving energy, the low-temperature cold start performance is better; the working interval of the engine 100 is always in a high-efficiency interval of fuel economy, and compared with a traditional engine 100 direct-drive system, the fuel economy is obviously improved; the electric energy generated by the engine 100 and the generator 200 directly drives the driving motor 300, so that the process that the electric energy is charged into the power battery 500 and then discharged is avoided, about 10% of energy loss caused by the charging and discharging process can be reduced, and the problem that the low-temperature charging and discharging efficiency of the power battery 500 is low is avoided; the system architecture of the motor directly driven after the engine 100 generates power reduces the demand on the capacity of the power battery 500, reduces the volume, weight and cost of the power battery 500, avoids frequent charging and discharging of the power battery 500, and can greatly prolong the cycle life of the power battery 500. The system architecture of the motor directly driven after the engine 100 generates power reduces the demand on the capacity of the power battery 500, reduces the volume, weight and cost of the power battery 500, avoids frequent charging and discharging of the power battery 500, and can greatly prolong the cycle life of the power battery 500.
The extended range electric four-wheel drive system of the embodiment is completely compatible with a mechanical four-wheel drive structure of a traditional automobile, the control logic is simple and reliable, the universality of parts is high, and the cost is low; the range-extended electric four-wheel drive system integrates a central differential lock, a front axle differential lock and a rear axle differential lock, and has strong difficulty-escaping capability and performance; the front drive axle of the extended-range electric four-wheel drive system adopts a mature disconnected or non-disconnected mechanical drive axle, and the rear drive axle adopts a mature non-disconnected mechanical drive axle. The structure is simple and reliable, the adaptability of the road surface and the climate is strong, and the impact vibration resistance, the sealing antifouling performance and the structural durability are easy to guarantee.
The embodiment also provides an automobile comprising the range-extended electric four-wheel drive system.
It is emphasized that the technical advantages and effects achieved by the automotive vehicle include those achieved by the extended range electric four-wheel drive system described above.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and enhancements can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and enhancements are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An extended range electric four-wheel drive system, comprising:
the engine is connected with the generator, the generator is respectively connected with the driving motor and the power battery, the driving motor is connected with the two-gear electrically-driven transmission, the two-gear electrically-driven transmission is respectively connected with the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle, the mechanical front drive axle is connected with the traveling front wheel, and the mechanical rear drive axle is connected with the traveling rear wheel;
the whole vehicle controller is connected with the engine control unit, the generator control unit, the battery management system, the driving motor control unit and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit;
the engine control unit controls an engine, the battery management system controls the power battery, the driving motor control unit controls the driving motor, and the gear shifting and differential lock control unit controls the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox;
the vehicle control unit executes a power following strategy according to power required by system load, the residual capacity SOC of the power battery and an instruction input by a user, and the engine control unit and the generator control unit control the rotating speed and the output power of the engine and the generator.
2. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 1, wherein the two-speed electrically driven transmission mechanically integrates a central differential device and a central differential lock;
the mechanical front drive axle integrates a front axle main speed reducer and a front differential lock;
the mechanical rear drive axle is integrated with a rear axle main speed reducer, a rear axle differential device and a rear differential lock.
3. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 2, wherein the vehicle control unit further controls the front differential lock controller and the rear differential lock controller;
the front differential lock controller controls the mechanical front drive axle, and the rear differential lock controller controls the mechanical rear drive axle.
4. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle controller detects that the vehicle is in a stable braking process and the remaining power SOC of the power battery is lower than a first set threshold, the vehicle controller sends a speed reduction and output power reduction command to the engine control unit and the generator control unit, and simultaneously sends a command to the driving motor control unit, and the remaining power of the generator flows to the power battery for reverse charging.
5. The extended-range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 3, wherein when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the front mechanical drive axle and the rear mechanical drive axle idles or the load torque is less than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit transmits a command for locking the central differential lock to the gear shifting and differential lock control unit or transmits a prompt for manually switching the central differential lock, so that the front mechanical drive axle and the rear mechanical drive axle are rigidly connected, and part or all of the torque is transmitted to the drive axle which does not idle or the load torque is greater than the preset value.
6. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 5, wherein when the mechanical front drive axle works normally, the front axle main reducer amplifies the driving force transmitted from the central differential device, the front axle differential device transmits the driving force to the two traveling front wheels on both sides, and the driving force and the rotating speed between the two traveling front wheels are matched;
when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the two front traveling wheels idles or the load torque is smaller than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit sends a front locking differential lock instruction or sends a prompt for manually switching the front locking differential lock through the front differential lock controller, two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical front drive axle are in rigid connection, and partial or all torque of the front axle is transmitted to the other front traveling wheel which does not idles or the load torque is larger than the preset value.
7. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 6, wherein when the mechanical rear drive axle is working normally, the rear axle final drive amplifies the driving force transmitted from the central differential device, the rear axle differential device transmits the driving force to the two traveling rear wheels on both sides, and the driving force and the rotating speed between the two traveling rear wheels are matched;
when the vehicle control unit detects that one of the two walking rear wheels idles or the load torque is smaller than or equal to a preset value, the vehicle control unit sends a locked differential lock instruction to the rear differential lock controller or sends a prompt for manually switching the locked differential lock, two output shafts on two sides of the mechanical rear drive axle are in rigid connection, and part or all of the torque of the rear axle is transmitted to the other walking rear wheel which does not idles or the load torque is larger than the preset value.
8. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 7, wherein the mechanical front drive axle and the mechanical rear drive axle both employ a breakaway or non-breakaway mechanical drive axle configuration.
9. The extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to claim 8, wherein the crankshaft of the engine is in direct coaxial connection with the input shaft of the generator or in combined transmission connection through a coupling and a clutch mechanism;
the output shaft of the driving motor is in coaxial direct connection with the input shaft of the two-gear electrically-driven transmission or in combined transmission connection in a combined mode of a coupler and a clutch mechanism;
an output shaft of a differential device of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox is connected with an input shaft of a main speed reducer of the mechanical front drive axle;
an output shaft of the differential device of the two-gear electrically-driven gearbox is coaxially and directly connected with an input shaft of a main speed reducer of the mechanical rear drive axle through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through a combination of the transmission shaft and a coupler;
the output shaft of the rear differential device integrated with the mechanical rear drive axle is coaxially and directly connected with the traveling rear wheel through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupler and a clutch mechanism;
the output shaft of the front differential device integrated with the mechanical front drive axle is coaxially and directly connected with the traveling front wheel through a transmission shaft or is in transmission connection through the combination of the transmission shaft, a coupler and a clutch mechanism.
10. An automobile, characterized in that it comprises an extended range electric four-wheel drive system according to any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN202010086640.4A CN111204233A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Range-extending type electric four-wheel drive system and automobile |
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| CN202010086640.4A CN111204233A (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Range-extending type electric four-wheel drive system and automobile |
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