CN212310366U

CN212310366U - A exhaust system and sealed storehouse for sealed storehouse

Info

Publication number: CN212310366U
Application number: CN202021159609.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王朝帅; 岳忠胜; 皮尔让·夏尔诺
Original assignee: Sid Machinery Beijing Co ltd
Current assignee: Sid Machinery Beijing Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-19
Filing date: 2020-06-19
Publication date: 2021-01-08
Anticipated expiration: 2030-06-19

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the ventilation design of closed work cabin, concretely relates to an exhaust system and sealed cabin for sealed cabin, an exhaust system for sealed cabin includes: the exhaust assembly comprises a first exhaust channel and a second exhaust channel, a first check valve and a first valve are sequentially arranged in the first exhaust channel, and a second valve is arranged in the second exhaust channel; the air inlets of the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are communicated with the sealed cabin; and the negative pressure air exhaust equipment is arranged on the outer side of the sealed cabin and is communicated with the air outlets of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel. Through the arrangement, the exhaust in the working process and the exhaust before maintenance are realized simultaneously, equipment in the sealed cabin is enabled to operate smoothly, and harmful gas in the sealed cabin is discharged to a workshop to harm the health of workers when the maintenance is avoided.

Description

A exhaust system and sealed storehouse for sealed storehouse

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the ventilation design of closed work cabin, concretely relates to an exhaust system and sealed cabin for sealed cabin.

Background

Industrial and hazardous wastes contain various types and states such as barrel wastes or sticky wastes, and thus, pretreatment is required before incineration in order to make the material to be incinerated uniform in texture and balanced in calorific value. At present, a waste pretreatment device is generally adopted to perform pretreatment work before incineration, wherein the waste pretreatment device, such as chinese patent CN205119074U, is mostly disposed in a sealed bin, a crushing bin or a mixing bin, so as to prevent harmful waste gas generated by the waste pretreatment device during work from harming the health of workers.

The sealed cabin is usually used together with an exhaust device, and is suitable for exhausting harmful gas in the sealed cabin out of the sealed cabin in time when the waste pretreatment device works. The prior art exhaust device generally includes an exhaust device and an exhaust channel communicated between the exhaust device and the sealed cabin, and a one-way valve is disposed in the exhaust channel and is adapted to exhaust the gas in the sealed cabin only through the exhaust device. But the one-way valve only works when the waste pretreatment device works, namely the air pressure in the sealed cabin is higher than the discharge pressure of the one-way valve, and does not work at other times. When this kind of working method can make the scene overhaul or inspect the sealed storehouse, the harmful gas that can't in time discharge in the sealed storehouse gets into the workshop through the observation door in sealed storehouse, and then endangers staff's healthy.

Therefore, to above not enough, the utility model discloses urgent need provide an exhaust system and sealed storehouse for sealed storehouse to reduce the gaseous emission of sealed storehouse when overhauing.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an exhaust system and sealed storehouse for sealed storehouse to solve among the prior art exhaust device of sealed storehouse and can't discharge the problem that harmful gas and then harm the staff healthy in the sealed storehouse before overhauing.

The utility model provides an exhaust system for sealed storehouse, include: the exhaust assembly comprises a first exhaust channel and a second exhaust channel, a first check valve and a first valve are sequentially arranged in the first exhaust channel, and a second valve is arranged in the second exhaust channel; the air inlets of the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are communicated with the sealed cabin; and the negative pressure air exhaust equipment is arranged on the outer side of the sealed cabin and is communicated with the air outlets of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel.

The exhaust system for the sealed cabin as described above, further preferably, the exhaust assembly includes a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe, the second exhaust pipe is a right-angle elbow, and a first end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with the negative pressure exhaust device, and a second end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with the sealed cabin to form a second exhaust channel; the first exhaust pipe is arranged on the inner side of the second exhaust pipe, and two ends of the first exhaust pipe are respectively communicated with the two sections of straight pipes of the second exhaust pipe to form a first exhaust channel.

In the exhaust system for the sealed cabin, it is further preferable that the first valve and the second valve are butterfly valves, and the butterfly valves are respectively disposed in the middle of the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe.

The exhaust system for the sealed cabin as described above further preferably further includes: the first position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the first valve, and the detecting head is positioned in the first discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the first discharge channel; the second position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the second valve, and the detecting head is positioned in the second discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the second discharge channel.

In the exhaust system for the sealed cabin, it is further preferable that the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe are both spliced pipes, and the assembled exhaust assembly is triangular.

The exhaust system for the sealed cabin as described above further preferably further includes an air filter assembly, and the air filter assembly is mounted at the air outlet of the negative pressure exhaust device.

The exhaust system for the sealed cabin further preferably further comprises a first wind speed detector and a second wind speed detector, wherein the first wind speed detector is arranged at the air outlet of the first exhaust channel, the second wind speed detector is arranged at the air outlet of the second exhaust channel, and the first wind speed detector and the second wind speed detector are both electrically connected with the central processing unit.

The utility model discloses sealed storehouse still with opening, including above-mentioned arbitrary one be used for sealed storehouse exhaust system.

The sealed cartridge as described above further preferably further comprises: the bin body comprises a sealed shell, a cavity is formed in the shell, an observation door, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the side wall of the shell, the air outlet is connected with the air outlet assembly, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet; the gas supply assembly is connected with the gas inlet hole and is suitable for supplying gas to the bin body; the waste pretreatment device is arranged in the cavity of the bin body.

The sealed bin as described above, further preferably, the waste pretreatment device includes a feeding device, a crusher, a chute, a stirrer, a feeder, a solid pump, a high-pressure pipeline, and a spray gun, the feeding device is connected to a feed hopper of the crusher, a discharge hopper of the crusher is connected to the stirrer through the chute, a bottom of the stirrer is connected to the feeder, the feeder is connected to the solid pump, the solid pump is connected to a lance through the high-pressure pipeline, and an outlet of the spray gun is connected to an incinerator.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantage:

the utility model discloses an exhaust system for sealed storehouse includes exhaust subassembly and negative pressure exhaust equipment, wherein the exhaust subassembly is equipped with first discharge passage and second discharge passage, is equipped with first check valve and first valve in the first discharge passage in proper order, is equipped with the second valve in the second discharge passage, and the air inlet of first discharge passage and second discharge passage all with sealed storehouse intercommunication; and the negative pressure air exhaust equipment is arranged on the outer side of the sealed cabin and is communicated with the air outlets of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel. The utility model discloses an exhaust system for sealed storehouse utilizes negative pressure exhaust equipment and first discharge passage, second discharge passage's setting, realizes simultaneously airing exhaust in the working process and examining and preceding airing exhaust, not only makes equipment operation smooth in the sealed storehouse, and harmful gas arranges the workshop when avoiding simultaneously examining and endangering that the staff is healthy in the sealed storehouse.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an exhaust assembly in an exhaust system for a sealed bin according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an exhaust system for a sealed cabin according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is an electrical connection diagram of an exhaust system for a sealed cabin according to the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-a first exhaust pipe, 2-a second exhaust pipe, 3-an air outlet, 4-an air inlet, 5-a first one-way valve, 6-a first valve, 7-a second valve, 8-negative pressure exhaust equipment and 9-a cabin body.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1-2, the air exhaust system for the sealed cabin disclosed in this embodiment includes: the exhaust assembly comprises a first exhaust channel and a second exhaust channel, a first check valve 5 and a first valve 6 are sequentially arranged in the first exhaust channel, and a second valve 7 is arranged in the second exhaust channel; the air inlets 4 of the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are communicated with the sealed cabin; and the negative pressure air exhausting equipment 8 is arranged on the outer side of the sealed cabin and is communicated with the air outlets 3 of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel.

In the above structure, the exhaust assembly is provided with two passages, namely a first exhaust passage and a second exhaust passage; a first valve 6 and a first one-way valve 5 are arranged in the first discharge channel, the first valve 6 is suitable for controlling the opening and closing of the first discharge channel, and the first one-way valve 5 only allows gas to flow from the sealed cabin to a negative pressure exhaust device 8; a second valve 7 is arranged in the second discharge channel, and the second valve 7 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second discharge channel. Specifically, the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are both communicated between the sealed cabin and the negative pressure air exhaust device 8, wherein the first discharge channel is suitable for being started when the device in the sealed cabin works, at the moment, the first valve 6 is opened, the second valve 7 is closed, the device in the sealed cabin starts to work, so that the pressure of gas in the sealed cabin is higher than the conduction pressure of the first one-way valve 5, the first one-way valve 5 is conducted in one way, the negative pressure air exhaust device 8 operates in a negative pressure mode, and then the gas in the sealed cabin can be pumped away through the first discharge channel, and ventilation of the sealed cabin is achieved. The second discharge passage is suitable for use during maintenance or inspection, at the moment, the device in the sealed cabin stops working, the gas pressure in the sealed cabin gradually decreases under the adjustment of the first one-way valve 5 until the gas pressure is basically the same as the conduction pressure of the first one-way valve 5, so that the first discharge passage cannot be conducted, at the moment, harmful gas still remains in the sealed cabin and cannot be discharged, the first valve 6 is closed, the second valve 7 is opened, the second discharge passage is conducted, then the gas in the sealed cabin is pumped out from the second discharge passage through the negative pressure exhaust equipment 8 until the harmful gas is completely discharged, and at the moment, the observation door of the sealed cabin can be opened for inspection or inspection. The air exhaust system for the sealed cabin disclosed in the embodiment utilizes the arrangement of the negative pressure air exhaust device 8, the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel, and simultaneously realizes air exhaust in the working process and air exhaust before overhaul, so that the equipment in the sealed cabin is smooth to operate, and harmful gas in the sealed cabin is discharged to a workshop to harm the health of workers during overhaul.

As shown in fig. 1-2, as a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, further, the exhaust assembly includes a first exhaust pipe 1 and a second exhaust pipe 2, the second exhaust pipe 2 is a right-angle elbow, and a first end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with a negative pressure exhaust device 8, and a second end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with the sealed cabin to form a second exhaust channel; the first exhaust pipe 1 is arranged on the inner side of the second exhaust pipe 2, and two ends of the first exhaust pipe 1 are respectively communicated with the two sections of straight pipes of the second exhaust pipe 2 and are used for forming a first exhaust channel.

Above-mentioned structure has optimized the structure of exhaust subassembly, through first blast pipe 1, second blast pipe 2 and connection structure's setting, with first discharge passage and second discharge passage integrated to same structure, make it have same air inlet 4 and gas outlet 3, and then conveniently be connected with sealed storehouse and negative pressure air exhaust equipment 8. Preferably, the first valve 6 and the second valve 7 are butterfly valves, and the butterfly valves are respectively arranged in the middle of the first exhaust pipe 1 and the second exhaust pipe 2. The butterfly valve is convenient and rapid to open and close, labor-saving, small in fluid resistance, good in adjustability and suitable for valves with large calibers, and can better embody the advantages of the structure of the butterfly valve and enable the exhaust system for the sealed cabin to have better performance. During the in-service use, staff's accessible butterfly valve's handle is controlled the butterfly valve, realizes opening and close of butterfly valve.

As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the method further includes: the first position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the first valve 6, and the detecting head is positioned in the first discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the first discharge channel; the second position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the second valve 7, and the detection head is positioned in the second discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the second discharge channel. The arrangement of the first position sensor and the second position sensor is suitable for respectively sensing the opening and closing of the first exhaust passage and the second exhaust passage, so that workers are assisted to know the state of the exhaust assembly, and the first valve 6 and the second valve 7 are correctly operated to obtain an ideal working state.

As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, further, the first exhaust pipe 1 and the second exhaust pipe 2 are both splicing pipes, and the assembled exhaust assembly is triangular.

As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the negative pressure air exhaust device further includes an air filter assembly, and the air filter assembly is installed at the air outlet of the negative pressure air exhaust device 8.

As shown in fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the method further includes: the air quality detector is arranged on the outer wall of the sealed cabin, and a detection head of the air quality detector is positioned in the sealed cabin and is suitable for detecting air quality parameters in the sealed cabin.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and the central processing unit is respectively electrically connected with the negative pressure air exhaust device 8 and the air quality detector, and is suitable for controlling the start and stop of the negative pressure air exhaust device 8 according to the air quality parameters detected by the air quality detector. The air quality monitoring system further comprises a display and a buzzer, wherein the display and the buzzer are respectively electrically connected with the central processing unit, the display is suitable for displaying the air quality parameters, and the buzzer is suitable for sending out a reminding signal when the air quality parameters reach a threshold value.

In this embodiment, the air quality detector, the central processing unit, the display and the buzzer are all conventional electric devices in the prior art, and the functions of the air quality detector, the central processing unit, the display and the buzzer are mainly utilized in this embodiment, so that the air quality detector, the central processing unit, the display and the buzzer can be directly obtained through market selling.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the air quality detector is configured to detect an air quality parameter in the sealed cabin, and specifically, is configured to detect the content of oxygen in the sealed cabin. In this embodiment, but air quality detector exclusive use shows the content of oxygen in the sealed storehouse, and the staff of being convenient for reads the content parameter of oxygen in its sealed storehouse that records directly perceivedly, and then judges whether the interior gas of sealed storehouse reaches the safety index, whether can open the observation room and overhaul or inspect. The function is mainly used for manually judging the air quality parameters in the sealed cabin. The device can be connected with a central processing unit, the measured content parameter of the oxygen in the sealed cabin is sent to the central processing unit, the central processing unit can compare and process the oxygen to judge whether the gas in the sealed cabin reaches a safety index or not, whether an observation room can be opened for overhauling or checking or not, and different operations are executed according to judgment. The central processing unit is mainly used for data processing and controlling electric devices connected with the central processing unit, and specifically, the central processing unit firstly obtains an air quality parameter measured by the air quality detector and compares the air quality parameter with a preset parameter, if the air quality parameter is inconsistent with the preset parameter range, the negative pressure air exhaust device 8 is continuously operated, and the negative pressure air exhaust device 8 is closed until the gas quality in the sealed cabin reaches the preset parameter, namely the safety index is reached. The arrangement is suitable for auxiliary judgment of the condition in the sealed cabin by utilizing the electronic and electrical equipment, so that the harmful gas discharge work in the sealed cabin before maintenance is automatically controlled, and the harmful gas discharge condition in the sealed cabin is confirmed through the precise control of a computer. The display is suitable for displaying the air quality parameters in the sealed cabin and the running state of each device connected with the central processing unit, and the buzzer is used for giving a buzzing prompt when the air quality in the sealed cabin reaches a safety index.

Example 2:

the embodiment discloses a sealed cabin comprises the exhaust system for the sealed cabin, which is described in any one of embodiments 1, and specifically, the exhaust system further comprises: the bin body 9 comprises a sealed shell, a cavity is formed in the shell, an observation door, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the side wall of the shell, the air outlet is connected with the air exhaust assembly, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet; the gas supply assembly is connected with the gas inlet hole and is suitable for supplying gas to the bin body 9; a waste pretreatment device arranged in the cavity of the bin body 9.

Specifically, the setting of air feed subassembly is generally used for providing reactant gas for the sealed storehouse, and then makes going on smoothly of reaction in the sealed storehouse, still can be used to discharge the interior air of sealed storehouse, avoids oxygen in the air, carbon dioxide to participate in the reaction in the sealed storehouse, still takes away the produced harmful gas of work in the sealed storehouse simultaneously, generally includes pump, two air supply channels and the air supply of being connected with one of them air supply channel for provide air and gas source gas. Specifically, the gas source gas in the gas supply assembly in this embodiment is nitrogen gas, and is used for discharging the air in the sealed cabin and harmful gas caused by the work in the sealed cabin. The air supply assembly and the air exhaust assembly are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the bin body 9 and are suitable for enabling air in the air inlet holes and the air exhaust holes to flow to cover the whole bin body 9, and local dead angles in the bin body 9 are avoided.

As a preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the waste pretreatment device further includes a feeding device, a crusher, a chute, a stirrer, a feeder, a solid pump, a high-pressure pipeline, and a spray gun, the feeding device is connected to a feed hopper of the crusher, a discharge hopper of the crusher is connected to the stirrer through the chute, a bottom of the stirrer is connected to the feeder, the feeder is connected to the solid pump, the solid pump is connected to the spray gun through the high-pressure pipeline, and an outlet of the spray gun is connected to the incinerator. In this embodiment, the waste pretreatment apparatus has the same structure and the same connection manner as the feeding device, the crusher, the chute, the stirrer, the feeder, the solid pump, the high-pressure pipe and the spray gun in the waste pretreatment system disclosed in chinese patent CN205119074U, and is mainly used for pretreatment of waste and conveying the treated waste to the incinerator disposed outside the silo 9 through the spray gun.

The waste pretreatment device is a specific implementation manner of the sealed cabin in the embodiment, and besides the structure, other devices which need to work in a sealed environment can be placed in the sealed cabin to realize other functions.

Further, this embodiment also discloses the working process of above-mentioned sealed storehouse:

manual control process: according to the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1, the sealed cabin is arranged, and the cabin body 9 in the connected sealed cabin is of a closed structure. Before working, the state of an exhaust assembly is obtained through a first position sensor and a second position sensor, a first valve 6 and a second valve 7 are correspondingly operated, the first valve 6 is in an open state, the second valve 7 is in a closed state, then a negative pressure exhaust device 8 and a nitrogen gas supply channel in an air supply assembly are synchronously started, when the pressure in a cabin body 9 is higher than 0.0012mpa, a one-way valve is automatically opened, and air in a cavity in the cabin body 9 is exhausted through a first exhaust channel in the exhaust assembly until an air quality detector displays that the oxygen content in the cavity is close to 0; and opening the waste pretreatment device to start waste pretreatment. Before the overhaul, close waste pretreatment device earlier, the nitrogen gas supply channel among first valve 6 and the air feed subassembly, and open the air supply channel among second valve 7 and the air feed subassembly, the air of the interior cavity of storehouse body 9 is got rid of through the second exhaust passage among the exhaust subassembly, oxygen content in the cavity of storehouse body 9 is monitored through the air quality detector to this process, until the oxygen content standard in the air under the approximate atmospheric pressure, close the air supply channel among negative pressure exhaust equipment 8 and the air feed subassembly, open the access door again and begin to overhaul.

The automatic control process comprises the following steps: compared with the manual control process, the automatic control process can automatically control the electric devices through the central processing unit, the work can be completed only by manually operating the first valve 6 and the second valve 7, and the buzzer is used for sending a reminding signal when the oxygen content in the cavity of the bin body 9 is close to the oxygen content standard in the air under the normal pressure. In the process, the negative pressure air exhaust device 8, the buzzer and the air quality detector are all controlled by the central processing unit, and the states of the first valve 6, the second valve 7 and the oxygen content in the air quality detector can be displayed by the display.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses an exhaust system for sealed storehouse has following beneficial effect:

1. the exhaust system for the sealed cabin disclosed by the utility model utilizes the arrangement of the negative pressure exhaust equipment 8, the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel to realize the exhaust in the working process and the exhaust before maintenance simultaneously, thereby not only ensuring the smooth operation of the equipment in the sealed cabin, but also avoiding harmful gas in the sealed cabin from being discharged to a workshop to harm the health of workers during maintenance;

2. the exhaust system for the sealed cabin disclosed by the utility model integrates the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel into the same structure through the arrangement of the first exhaust pipe 1, the second exhaust pipe 2 and the connection structure thereof, so that the exhaust system has the same air inlet 4 and the same air outlet 3, and is further conveniently connected with the sealed cabin and the negative pressure exhaust equipment 8;

3. the utility model discloses an exhaust system for sealed cabin passes through the setting of air quality detector, central processing unit, display and bee calling organ, has realized automated inspection and the processing of air quality in the sealed cabin, makes the air condition in the sealed cabin reach safety index when maintenance status.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exhaust system for a capsule, comprising:

the exhaust assembly comprises a first exhaust channel and a second exhaust channel, a first check valve and a first valve are sequentially arranged in the first exhaust channel, and a second valve is arranged in the second exhaust channel; the air inlets of the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are communicated with the sealed cabin;

and the negative pressure air exhaust equipment is arranged on the outer side of the sealed cabin and is communicated with the air outlets of the first exhaust channel and the second exhaust channel.

2. The exhaust system for a sealed bin of claim 1, wherein the exhaust assembly includes a first exhaust duct and a second exhaust duct; the second exhaust pipe is a right-angle elbow, a first end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with the negative pressure exhaust equipment, and a second end of the second exhaust pipe is communicated with the sealed cabin and is used for forming a second exhaust channel; the first exhaust pipe is arranged on the inner side of the second exhaust pipe, and two ends of the first exhaust pipe are respectively communicated with the two sections of straight pipes of the second exhaust pipe to form a first exhaust channel.

3. The exhaust system for the sealed cabin according to claim 2, wherein the first valve and the second valve are each a butterfly valve, and the butterfly valves are respectively disposed in the middle of the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe.

4. The exhaust system for a capsule according to claim 3, further comprising:

the air quality detector is arranged on the outer wall of the sealed cabin, and a detection head of the air quality detector is positioned in the sealed cabin and is suitable for detecting air quality parameters in the sealed cabin.

5. The exhaust system for a capsule according to claim 4, further comprising:

the first position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the first valve, and the detecting head is positioned in the first discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the first discharge channel; the second position sensor is arranged on a hand valve of the second valve, and the detecting head is positioned in the second discharge channel and is suitable for sensing the opening and closing of the second discharge channel.

6. The exhaust system for the sealed cabin according to claim 5, wherein the first exhaust pipe and the second exhaust pipe are spliced pipes, and the assembled exhaust assembly is triangular.

7. The exhaust system for a sealed silo according to claim 6, further comprising a gas filter assembly mounted at the air outlet of the negative pressure exhaust device.

8. A capsule, characterized in that it comprises a ventilation system for capsules according to any of claims 1 to 7.

9. The capsule according to claim 8, further comprising:

the bin body comprises a sealed shell, a cavity is formed in the shell, an observation door, an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged on the side wall of the shell, the air outlet is connected with the air outlet assembly, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet;

the gas supply assembly is connected with the gas inlet hole and is suitable for supplying gas to the bin body;

the waste pretreatment device is arranged in the cavity of the bin body.

10. The surge bin of claim 9, wherein the waste pretreatment device comprises a feeding device, a crusher, a chute, a stirrer, a feeder, a solid pump, a high-pressure pipeline and a lance, wherein the feeding device is connected with a feed hopper of the crusher, a discharge hopper of the crusher is connected with the stirrer through the chute, the bottom of the stirrer is connected with the feeder, the feeder is connected with the solid pump, the solid pump is connected with a lance through the high-pressure pipeline, and an outlet of the lance is connected with an incinerator.