CN212293706U - Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device - Google Patents
Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN212293706U CN212293706U CN202021312059.1U CN202021312059U CN212293706U CN 212293706 U CN212293706 U CN 212293706U CN 202021312059 U CN202021312059 U CN 202021312059U CN 212293706 U CN212293706 U CN 212293706U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device, which comprises a heating furnace, a reduction tank assembly, a vacuum unit and a condensing device which are arranged on a bracket; the condensing device comprises a cooling pipe containing twist iron, a cooling fan, a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder of the condensing device, a zinc liquid conveying pipe, a liquid zinc collecting pool and a zinc liquid pouring pool; a condensing device cyclone dust removal outer cylinder is sleeved at the lower end of a cooling pipe group containing the twist iron, a zinc liquid collecting tank is arranged right below the cooling pipe group containing the twist iron, the zinc liquid collecting tank is connected with a zinc liquid pouring tank through a zinc liquid conveying pipe, and a heat preservation heating layer is arranged outside the zinc liquid conveying pipe; the cooling fan is connected with a cooling pipe group shell containing the twist iron through a cooling air pipeline. The utility model reduces the activation energy required by the reaction by reduction in a vacuum environment, reduces the requirement on the zinc content in the raw material, and enlarges the range of the zinc-containing raw material which can be utilized; meanwhile, the temperature required in the production process is reduced, so that the energy consumed by production is reduced, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of zinc and similar metal smelting, in particular to a clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device.
Background
At present, there are two main processes for producing refined zinc by zinc concentrate in the world: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. In the past, the zinc smelting by the pyrogenic process has poor material thermal conductivity and high temperature, and the furnace body and refractory materials are seriously consumed; the reduction time is too long, the energy consumption is high, the production rate is low, the residual zinc content in waste residue is large, the yield is low, and the method is particularly not suitable for low-grade materials. The vertical retort distillation zinc smelting in the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting is eliminated, only few enterprises are available at present, and the electric furnace zinc smelting has small scale and has no new development. Lead and zinc smelting in a closed blast furnace is the most important pyrometallurgical zinc smelting method in the world at present.
Zinc hydrometallurgy is the most important zinc hydrometallurgy method in the world nowadays, and the yield accounts for more than 85% of the total zinc yield in the world. The production capacity of new construction and expansion in the world recently adopts a zinc hydrometallurgy process. The zinc hydrometallurgy technology is developed rapidly and mainly shows that: direct oxygen pressure leaching of zinc sulfide concentrate; directly leaching zinc sulfide concentrate under normal pressure in an oxygen-enriched manner; the equipment is large in size and high in efficiency;
however, the production method of the metal zinc has problems in environmental protection and energy consumption, and a large amount of environmental protection facilities are needed for treatment to reach the national emission standard. And at present, no good treatment process exists, and particularly, the national regulation of zinc hydrometallurgy waste residues and steel-making waste ash is managed according to the hazardous waste standard, so that the treatment approach is limited. Some enterprises are already in a semi-stop state because of limiting dangerous waste and external heaps; in the aspect of recycling of regenerated zinc (especially steel-making waste ash and waste slag of zinc hydrometallurgy), the recycling and comprehensive utilization of the regenerated zinc have been paid attention by the country and the industry. Especially, the waste residue of zinc hydrometallurgy seriously influences the normal operation of industrial production because of the restriction of hazardous waste treatment conditions.
Taking the steel-making waste ash as an example: the zinc-containing dust yield of the steel enterprises is 3-4% of the steel yield, and the steel yield in 2017 in China is 83173 ten thousand tons, namely the zinc-containing dust amount generated each year is about 2500 ten thousand tons. The correct and efficient dust treatment is an urgent task at present.
Meanwhile, lead-zinc high-grade ores in China are gradually reduced, many of the lead-zinc high-grade ores belong to low-grade ores, and the research and development of a smelting process which is environment-friendly, energy-saving, high in yield and capable of recycling solid wastes is particularly urgent under the current situation.
Zinc smelting which can be realized under the working conditions of low furnace temperature, low energy consumption and low-grade materials is taken as project research by many universities in China, and the vacuum condition has the advantages of reducing Gibbs free energy of reduction reaction, reducing the reduction temperature and reducing the energy consumption, so the research is focused on the vacuum carbon thermal reduction direction, and particularly relevant thermodynamic analysis and laboratory verification are performed by the university of China and south, the university of Kunming theory worker, the university of Western Ann building science and technology, the university of Guizhou and the like; experiments prove that vacuum carbon thermal reduction zinc smelting has unique advantages, but because laboratories are small quantity of characteristic tests, the laboratory tests and industrial expanded production have transformation bottlenecks, and successful industrial application is not realized all the time.
A vertical retort zinc smelting furnace in the pyrometallurgical zinc smelting is composed of a vertical shaft type distillation retort (vertical retort) body, a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and a zinc rain splashing condenser. The vertical tank body is divided into an upper extension part, a tank body and a lower extension part according to each part. The production process is a zinc smelting method in which zinc pellets in a shaft type distillation tank are reduced by a carbonaceous reducing agent, and the produced zinc vapor is condensed into liquid zinc. The smelting process is carried out at a temperature above the boiling point of zinc (1179K), and the other metals that are partially reduced remain in the distillation residue along with unreduced oxides and gangue due to the low vapor pressure.
Non-ferrous metal smelting is one of the most serious industries in the world, along with the improvement of national environmental protection standards, a plurality of current processes cannot meet the current environmental protection requirements, some processes and facilities which do not meet the environmental protection standards are eliminated, and the industry needs a technology which can meet the environmental protection standard requirements and can obtain high benefit return for enterprises; the national layer pays great attention to the pollution prevention and emission reduction of nonferrous metallurgy, and in 2017, a project of 'atmospheric pollution cause and control technology research' key special item 'nonferrous metallurgy atmospheric multi-pollutant whole-process control coupling technology and demonstration' is started in a national key research and development plan.
In the field of zinc smelting and zinc regeneration, experts point out that: the technology is a key factor for ensuring the enterprises of the regenerated zinc to obtain and maintain competitive advantages. In recent years, the popularization and improvement speed of some mature technologies is increasing, but breakthrough and subversive technologies are not appeared. This is the prejudice of the recycled zinc industry. "the current zinc production technology can not meet the new situation requirement, and new technical breakthrough is very needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc metallurgy device has solved the fuel consumption that exists among the prior art big, the reduction temperature is high, many scheduling problems of dust in the production process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the utility model is as follows:
a clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device comprises a bracket, wherein a heating furnace, a reduction tank assembly, a vacuum unit and a condensing device are arranged on the bracket;
the reduction tank assembly is arranged in the heating furnace, and the upper part of the reduction tank assembly is connected with the condensing device through a zinc steam pipeline; the condensing device is connected with the vacuum unit through a vacuum pipeline;
the condensing device comprises a cooling pipe group containing twist iron, a cooling fan, a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder of the condensing device, a zinc liquid conveying pipe, a liquid zinc collecting pool and a zinc liquid pouring pool; a heat preservation heating layer is arranged outside the cooling pipe group containing the twisted iron, a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder of a condensing device is sleeved at the lower end of the cooling pipe group, a zinc liquid collecting pool is arranged in the cyclone dust removal outer cylinder of the condensing device and right below the cooling pipe group containing the twisted iron, and the zinc liquid collecting pool is connected with a zinc liquid pouring pool through a zinc liquid conveying pipe; the cooling fan is connected with a cooling pipe group containing the twist iron through a cooling air pipeline, and the cooling pipe group containing the twist iron is provided with a cooling air discharge pipeline.
Furthermore, the vacuum unit is connected with the upper end of a cooling pipe group containing the twist iron through a vacuum pipeline.
Furthermore, the liquid zinc conveying pipe is of a U-shaped structure, and the outside of the liquid zinc conveying pipe is coated with a heat preservation heating layer.
Furthermore, a thermocouple and a vacuum meter are arranged on the cooling pipe group containing the twist iron.
Furthermore, a thermocouple and a vacuum meter are arranged on the zinc steam pipeline.
Further, a stirring mandrel assembly is arranged in the reduction tank assembly.
Further, a zinc steam pipeline valve is arranged on the zinc steam pipeline; a vacuum valve is arranged on the vacuum pipeline; and a cooling air pipeline valve is arranged on the cooling air pipeline.
Furthermore, the screw pitch range of the twisted iron plug-in of the cooling pipe group containing the twisted iron is 2-5 d, and d is the inner diameter of a single cooling pipe in the cooling pipe group containing the twisted iron.
Furthermore, quartz glass is selected as the material of the liquid zinc conveying pipe, and the height of the liquid zinc conveying pipe is set to be the height of the liquid zinc which can be supported under the atmospheric pressure.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model reduces the activation energy required by the reaction by reduction in a vacuum environment, reduces the requirement on the zinc content in the raw material, and enlarges the range of the zinc-containing raw material which can be utilized; meanwhile, the temperature required in the production process is low, so that the energy consumed by production is reduced, and the aim of saving energy is fulfilled.
2. The utility model discloses at vacuum, seal condensation for zinc steam does not contact and react with external impurity gas, has guaranteed the purity of zinc liquid.
3. The utility model discloses production mode under the closed condition has prevented the dust of reduction in-process to the outward diffusion to the operation environment has been improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vacuum zinc smelting system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a condensing device of a vacuum zinc smelting system;
in the figure, 1-a heating furnace, 2-a reduction tank assembly, 3-a stirring mandrel assembly, 4-a zinc steam pipeline, 5-a zinc steam pipeline valve, 6-a vacuum unit, 7-a vacuum pipeline, 8-a vacuum valve, 9-a cooling fan, 10-a cooling air pipeline valve, 11-a cooling air pipeline, 12-a cooling air discharge pipeline, 13-a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder of a condensing device, 14-a cooling pipe group containing twist iron, 15-a zinc liquid collection tank, 16-a zinc liquid conveying pipe, 17-a heat preservation heating layer, 18-a zinc liquid pouring tank, 19-a vacuum meter and 20-a thermocouple.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and it is obvious that the described examples are only some of the examples of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device comprises a support, wherein a heating furnace 1, a reduction tank assembly 2, a vacuum unit 6 and a temperature and pressure controllable condensing device are arranged on the support;
the reduction tank assembly 2 is arranged in the heating furnace 1, and a stirring mandrel assembly 3 is arranged in the reduction tank assembly 2;
the upper part of the reduction tank assembly 2 is connected with a condensing device through a zinc steam pipeline 4; the condensing device is connected with a vacuum unit 6 through a vacuum pipeline 7;
the condensing device comprises a cooling pipe group 14 containing twist iron, a cooling fan 9, a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder 13 of the condensing device, a zinc liquid conveying pipe 16, a liquid zinc collecting pool 15 and a zinc liquid pouring pool 18; a heat preservation heating layer 17 is arranged outside the zinc liquid conveying pipe 16, the lower end of the zinc liquid conveying pipe is sleeved with a condensing device cyclone dust removal outer cylinder 13, a zinc liquid collecting tank 15 is arranged in the condensing device cyclone dust removal outer cylinder 13 and right below a cooling pipe group 14 containing twist iron, and the zinc liquid collecting tank 15 is connected with a zinc liquid pouring tank 18 through a zinc liquid conveying pipe 16; the cooling fan 9 is connected with a cooling pipe group 14 containing the twisted iron through a cooling air pipeline 11, and the cooling pipe group 14 containing the twisted iron is provided with a cooling air discharge pipeline 12. A zinc steam pipeline valve 5 is arranged on the zinc steam pipeline 4; a vacuum valve 8 is arranged on the vacuum pipeline 7; and a cooling air pipeline valve 10 is arranged on the cooling air pipeline 11.
The vacuum unit 6 is connected with the upper end of a cooling pipe group 14 containing the twisted iron through a vacuum pipeline 7; a thermocouple 20 and a vacuum gauge 19 are arranged on the cooling pipe group 14 containing the twist iron; a thermocouple 20 and a vacuum gauge 19 are provided on the zinc vapor pipe 4. The pitch range of the twisted iron insert of the cooling pipe group 14 containing the twisted iron is 2-5 d, and d is the inner diameter of a single cooling pipe in the cooling pipe group 14 containing the twisted iron.
Because the condensing area is a negative pressure vacuum environment, the condensed zinc liquid entering the atmospheric environment can be subjected to atmospheric pressure, the zinc liquid conveying pipe 16 is designed into a U-shaped pipe structure, and the height of the U-shaped pipe is designed according to the supporting height of the atmospheric pressure on the density of the zinc liquid; in order to ensure that the interior of the U-shaped pipe is always in a liquid state, the device adopts the design of coating the heat-preservation heating layer 17 on the exterior of the U-shaped pipe; for convenient observation, the U-shaped tube is made of quartz glass and can resist the temperature of over 900 ℃. The actual control temperature is between 450 ℃ and 650 ℃. Meanwhile, a quartz glass observation window and a temperature measuring device are adopted on the external heating device.
The zinc smelting method by the device comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing a zinc-containing raw material, carbon powder, an additive and the like in proportion outside the system, grinding the mixture to be more than 100 meshes, and adding the ground powder into a ball press machine for ball pressing; the materials pressed into balls are placed in the reduction tank assembly 2 and positioned between the reduction tank assembly 2 and the stirring mandrel assembly 3, and the temperature of the heating furnace is kept between 800 ℃ and 1200 ℃; and sealing the ports and valves of the system after charging. And (3) starting a vacuum unit 6, opening a vacuum valve 8 and a zinc steam pipeline valve 5, discharging impurity gases in the system and the reaction zone, and keeping the vacuum degree in the reduction tank between 10 and 3000 Pa. Closing the vacuum valve 8, the zinc steam pipeline valve 5 and opening the stirring mandrel assembly 3 to enable the stirring mandrel assembly 3 to be in a working state, and increasing the temperature of the heating furnace 1 to be more than 1000 ℃. When the temperature of the materials in the reduction tank assembly 2 is uniformly raised to over 1000 ℃, the zinc steam pipeline valve 5 is completely opened, the dust-containing gas (containing zinc steam, carbon monoxide gas and impurity gas) enters the cyclone dust removal outer cylinder 13 of the condensing device along the tangential direction, and the dust is separated from the gas under the centrifugal action, so that the purification and dust removal of the gas are realized; diffusing zinc vapor to fill the whole condensing device; opening a cooling fan 9 and a cooling air pipeline valve 10, observing the temperature of three thermocouples 20 of a condensing device to adjust the cooling air pipeline valve 10, and keeping the temperature of a condensing area below a zinc boiling point (907 ℃); and simultaneously observing two vacuum meters 19 and three thermocouples 20, and adjusting the opening degrees of the vacuum valve 8 and the cooling air pipeline valve 10 to keep the pressure of the condensation area below the saturated vapor pressure of the zinc vapor at the corresponding temperature. The zinc vapor passes through the cooling pipe group 14 containing the twist iron and is cooled into liquid, and the liquid flows into the zinc liquid collecting tank 15 and then flows into the zinc liquid pouring tank 18 through the zinc liquid conveying pipe 16; the zinc liquid conveying pipe 16 is of a U-shaped pipe structure, the liquid level height of the U-shaped pipe is the zinc liquid height which meets the requirement of one atmospheric pressure support, liquid can be discharged conveniently and continuously, the vacuum degree in the device is guaranteed, and the zinc liquid is prevented from being pressed back to the zinc liquid collecting tank 13 by the atmospheric pressure. The outside of the zinc liquid conveying pipe 16 is wrapped with a heat preservation heating layer 17 to ensure that the temperature of the zinc liquid is between 420 and 907 ℃. The exterior of the molten zinc pouring pool 18 can be connected with a continuous casting machine to carry out the pouring work of zinc ingots.
It is right to have used specific individual example above the utility model discloses expound, only be used for helping to understand the utility model discloses, not be used for the restriction the utility model discloses. Any partial modification or replacement within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device is characterized by comprising a bracket, wherein a heating furnace (1), a reduction tank assembly (2), a vacuum unit (6) and a condensing device are arranged on the bracket;
the reduction tank assembly (2) is arranged in the heating furnace (1), and the upper part of the reduction tank assembly (2) is connected with a condensing device through a zinc steam pipeline (4); the condensing device is connected with a vacuum unit (6) through a vacuum pipeline (7);
the condensing device comprises a cooling pipe group (14) containing twist iron, a cooling fan (9), a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder (13) of the condensing device, a zinc liquid conveying pipe (16), a zinc liquid collecting tank (15) and a zinc liquid pouring tank (18); a heat preservation heating layer (17) is arranged outside the cooling pipe group (14) containing the twisted iron, the lower end of the cooling pipe group is sleeved with a cyclone dust removal outer cylinder (13) of a condensing device, a zinc liquid collecting tank (15) is arranged in the cyclone dust removal outer cylinder (13) of the condensing device and right below the cooling pipe group (14) containing the twisted iron, and the zinc liquid collecting tank (15) is connected with a zinc liquid pouring tank (18) through a zinc liquid conveying pipe (16); the cooling fan (9) is connected with a cooling pipe group (14) containing the twisted iron through a cooling air pipeline (11), and the cooling pipe group (14) containing the twisted iron is provided with a cooling air discharge pipeline (12).
2. A clean vacuum pyrometallurgical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum unit (6) is connected to the upper end of the cooling pipe stack (14) containing the twisted iron by means of a vacuum pipe (7).
3. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the zinc liquid conveying pipe (16) is a U-shaped structure, and the exterior of the zinc liquid conveying pipe (16) is covered with a heat preservation heating layer (17).
4. A clean vacuum pyrometallurgical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the cooling tube battery (14) containing the twisted iron is provided with a thermocouple (20) and a vacuum gauge (19).
5. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device according to claim 4, characterized in that the zinc steam pipe (4) is provided with a thermocouple (20) and a vacuum gauge (19).
6. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device according to claim 5, characterized in that a stirring mandrel assembly (3) is arranged in the reduction tank assembly (2).
7. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the zinc steam pipeline (4) is provided with a zinc steam pipeline valve (5); a vacuum valve (8) is arranged on the vacuum pipeline (7); and a cooling air pipeline valve (10) is arranged on the cooling air pipeline (11).
8. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device according to claim 7, wherein the pitch range of the twisted iron insert of the cooling pipe group (14) containing twisted iron is 2-5 d, and d is the inner diameter of a single cooling pipe in the cooling pipe group (14) containing twisted iron.
9. The clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device according to claim 8, wherein the liquid zinc delivery pipe (16) is made of quartz glass, and the height of the liquid zinc delivery pipe (16) is set to the liquid zinc height that can be supported under atmospheric pressure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021312059.1U CN212293706U (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device |
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| CN202021312059.1U CN212293706U (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111778410A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-16 | 西安银研镁业装备有限公司 | Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device and zinc smelting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111778410A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-16 | 西安银研镁业装备有限公司 | Clean vacuum pyrometallurgical zinc smelting device and zinc smelting method |
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