CN210596207U - Zinc oxide system is retrieved to steel plant zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method - Google Patents
Zinc oxide system is retrieved to steel plant zinc-containing dust mud electric furnace method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a zinc oxide recovery system by an electric furnace method for zinc-containing dust and mud in a steel plant, which comprises a dust and mud proportioning machine, a ball making machine, a drying machine, an electric furnace proportioning machine and a semi-closed buried arc reduction electric furnace which are arranged in sequence and connected with each other; it still includes broken pond of slag water, gravity dust remover, zinc oxide collector, bullion casting machine and pig machine, semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric stove have zinc oxide gas outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet, wherein, zinc oxide gas outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, zinc oxide gas outlet be connected with gravity dust remover, gravity dust remover is connected with the zinc oxide collector, the slag notch be connected with the broken pond of slag water, the tap hole be connected with the pig machine, the lead outlet be connected with the bullion casting machine. The scheme has the advantages of environment friendliness, high single-furnace capacity and low production cost, realizes secondary utilization of resources and can realize industrial mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of resource integrated utilization and environmental management technique and specifically relates to a zinc oxide system is retrieved to zinc dust mud electric furnace method of steel plant zinciferous.
Background
The dust and mud of iron and steel works are mainly from dust removing links of pig iron blast furnace (gas dust), steelmaking converter, steelmaking electric furnace, sintering machine, shaft furnace pellets and other processes. The iron content TFe of the dust and mud is generally between 25 and 70 percent, wherein the dust and mud generated by a blast furnace, a converter and a steelmaking electric furnace contains iron, and also contains higher harmful elements such as zinc, lead and alkali metal which need to be controlled in the iron-making and steelmaking production.
The dust and mud generation amount of the steel plant is about 8-12% of crude steel yield, calculated by 9.28 hundred million tons/a crude steel yield in 2018 according to 10%, the annual dust and mud generation amount is about 9280 ten thousand tons, wherein the dust and mud containing zinc and lead accounts for about 4%, about 3700 ten thousand tons, the amount is very large, and the brought environmental pressure is very large.
Dust and mud generated in the sintering and pelletizing links of steel plants can be directly burned and reused due to high iron content and low content of harmful impurities such as Zn, pb and the like, and dust and mud generated in blast furnaces, electric furnaces and converters are difficult to effectively remove the impurities due to zinc-containing sintering because of heavy metal impurities such as zinc, lead and the like, and zinc-containing sinter ore can influence the normal smelting operation of the blast furnaces and the service life of furnace linings. Therefore, for the treatment of the metallurgical dust and mud, firstly, heavy metal elements in the dust and mud need to be recovered or removed, and secondly, valuable elements such as iron, carbon and the like need to be recovered, so that the environmental management and the effective utilization of secondary resources of the dust and mud can be realized.
At present, the treatment process of zinc and lead-containing dust mud in steel plants at home and abroad mainly comprises three process methods, namely a physical method, a wet method and a fire method.
The main disadvantage of the physical process is the low enrichment rate of zinc, therefore, the physical process is generally only used as a pretreatment process of the wet or fire process.
The wet process mainly utilizes the characteristics of zinc oxide amphoteric oxide in the dust and mud, adopts acid leaching or alkaline leaching to enrich zinc, is only suitable for treating the dust and mud containing more than or equal to 10 percent of zinc, and has the advantages of high operation cost, low single-machine productivity, high environmental management difficulty and great waste of iron and carbon elements in the dust and mud. Therefore, the dust and mud of the steel plant are not treated by a wet method.
The pyrometallurgical process is characterized in that under the condition of high-temperature reduction, zinc oxide is reduced to realize solid phase separation from iron and the like, the recovery rate of zinc is high, valuable elements such as iron, carbon and the like can be recycled, the investment and operation cost is low, and the pyrometallurgical process is suitable for treating dust and mud in steel plants.
At present, the typical processes for treating zinc-containing and lead-containing dust mud in steel plants mainly comprise the following two processes.
Rotary kiln process
The process of recovering zinc oxide from zinc-containing waste by using rotary kiln technology is a traditional mature production process, zinc oxide in the zinc-containing dust mud is reduced into zinc vapor by carbon and carbon monoxide at the high temperature of 1300 ℃ of the rotary kiln, the zinc vapor enters a gas phase to obtain enrichment recovery, the iron-containing dust mud is cooled and then subjected to magnetic separation or gravity concentration for recycling after removing zinc, the slag metallization rate is low, about 40%, and the additional value is low. Therefore, the rotary kiln method recovers zinc element in dust mud, the zinc content of the zinc element is less than 10%, the cost is low, and the method is only suitable for treating high-zinc dust mud.
(II) a rotary hearth furnace method,
The rotary hearth furnace process is a direct reduced iron process newly developed in the last 30 years, is suitable for treating dust and mud containing zinc and iron, can realize the zinc removal of the dust and mud, has higher iron metallization rate in the dust and mud than a rotary kiln, can reach about 70 percent, but lead in the dust and mud can only enter smoke dust for recovery, and has lower utilization rate. Although the two typical production processes can remove zinc and lead elements in dust mud, the metallization rate of the ore balls after reduction is only 40-80%, the overall resource utilization efficiency is still low, and the economic benefit is poor.
In order to obtain higher resource utilization efficiency, Beijing university of science and technology provides a process method for treating zinc-containing and lead-containing dust in steel works by using a closed cupola in a utility model patent publication No. CN 1034889618. The method is characterized in that zinc-containing and lead dust mud in a steel plant is used as a main raw material, a certain amount of coke is added as a reducing agent, the mixture is used for preparing balls, ore balls are preheated at the top of the furnace, the balls are sent into a closed cupola for smelting, zinc steam at the top of the cupola is condensed by a lead-rain condenser to recover crude zinc, molten iron, crude lead and furnace slag are periodically discharged from a furnace hearth, the molten iron and the crude lead are cast and molded to obtain pig iron and crude lead products, and the furnace slag is crushed by water and used as a building material. Compared with the rotary kiln method and the rotary hearth furnace method, the method has the biggest characteristics that dust and mud resources are effectively utilized, the added value of the produced product is higher, and the recovery rate of metal elements is higher. However, this method has disadvantages in that:
1. high carbon emission and high energy consumption. Because the cupola smelting is composed of three basic processes of bottom coke combustion, heat exchange and metallurgical reaction, the high-temperature reduction condition is completely provided by coke combustion and air temperature of a hot blast stove, the energy consumption and carbon emission are high, the production cost is high, and the environmental management difficulty is high;
2. the single furnace has low yield, and the large-scale industrial production is difficult to realize. The cupola furnace belongs to casting smelting equipment in the casting industry, and large-scale production cannot be realized;
3. the capital construction floor space is large, and the cupola furnace needs to be constructed with a hot air system besides the furnace body, so the capital construction floor space is large.
Disclosure of Invention
To the condition of prior art, the utility model aims to provide an environmental protection, single-furnace productivity are high, low in production cost, and can realize resource reutilization and can industrialize mass production's zinc oxide system is retrieved to steel plant zinciferous dirt mud electric furnace method.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
zinc oxide system is retrieved to zinc dust mud electric furnace method of steel plant, it includes that semi-closed buries solitary reduction electric stove, slag water garrulous pond, gravity dust collector, zinc oxide collector, crude lead casting machine and pig machine, semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric stove have zinc oxide gas outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet, wherein, zinc oxide gas outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, zinc oxide gas outlet be connected with gravity dust collector, gravity dust collector is connected with zinc oxide collector, the slag notch be connected with slag water garrulous pond, the tap hole be connected with the pig machine, lead outlet be connected with crude lead casting machine.
As one of implementation, it still includes the dirt proportioning machine, ball machine, drying-machine, the electric furnace proportioning machine that set up and interconnect in proper order, the discharge gate and the semi-enclosed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of electric furnace proportioning machine are connected.
Namely, the utility model discloses the material that the scheme was sent into semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace can be semi-manufactured goods material, also can be directly that the raw materials carries out according to the preface processing back, sends into semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
Wherein, dirt proportioning machine, balling machine, drying-machine, electric furnace proportioning machine, pig machine, lead bullion casting machine be conventional metallurgical equipment, it can carry out the design lectotype according to the production scale, just not the redundant description.
Further, still be equipped with a connection branch road and be connected with the refining modulation electric stove on this connection branch road between tap hole and the pig machine, further, the refining modulation electric stove is supporting with semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric stove for pig iron molten iron dephosphorization, desulfurization, composition modulation and molten iron heat are converted and are kept warm and are used.
Furthermore, the zinc oxide collector is also connected with a bag-type dust collector.
Further, a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is connected between the electric furnace proportioning machine and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace and is used for preheating treatment before dust mud ore balls enter the electric furnace.
Further, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is a direct current semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or an alternating current semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
Furthermore, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is nonstandard equipment specially used for dust and mud smelting, and various process parameters of the equipment are designed and manufactured according to the dust and mud component structure, the annual treatment capacity and the dust and mud metallurgical performance. Particularly, the smelting process of the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is submerged arc operation, and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is different from an open arc electric furnace heated by high-temperature electric arc in that a high-temperature heat source is derived from electric arc and resistance heat of furnace burden and furnace slag, so that the reduction temperature of the electric furnace is low, the reduction reaction of the furnace burden is sufficient, the recovery rate of metal elements is high, and lead metal elements in dust mud can be recovered from the furnace bottom to obtain crude lead.
Further, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace comprises:
the furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace cavity and a lead collecting groove, wherein the upper end of the furnace body is provided with a concave structure furnace cavity, the side surface of the lower part of the furnace cavity is provided with a slag hole and a tap hole, the projections of the slag hole and the tap hole in the horizontal direction are that the slag hole is arranged above and the tap hole is arranged below, in addition, the lower part of the furnace cavity is provided with the lead collecting groove, and the lead collecting groove horizontally extends out of the furnace body and forms the lead hole; a carbon brick layer is arranged between the lead collecting groove and the lower part of the furnace chamber;
the furnace cover is arranged above the furnace chamber, a gap is formed between the furnace cover and the upper end surface of the furnace body, a zinc oxide gas outlet is formed at the gap, and the zinc oxide gas outlet is used for discharging zinc steam;
one end of the self-baking electrode penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber from the furnace cover;
and the output end of the discharging pipe penetrates through the furnace cover and extends to the upper part of the furnace chamber.
Furthermore, the furnace body is built by refractory bricks, and an isolation layer is arranged at the position of the horizontal extension part of the lead collecting groove corresponding to the slag hole or the tap hole.
It should be noted that: the system of the scheme can also be used for recovering zinc oxide and chromium-containing pig iron from the stainless steel zinc-containing dust mud.
The operation method of the zinc oxide recovery system by the zinc-containing dust and mud electric furnace method in the steel plant comprises the following steps:
(1) more than one of gas dust, converter dust, electric furnace dust, pulverized coal or coke powder in the dust and mud are matched in proportion by a dust and mud proportioning machine, and are mixed uniformly by being matched with a binder accounting for 3-8% of the mass of the dust and mud, and then the mixture is conveyed to a ball making machine;
(2) preparing the materials output by the dust and mud proportioning machine into ore balls through a ball making machine, and then inputting the ore balls into a dryer;
(3) carrying out drying and pre-reduction treatment on the ore balls input by the ball making machine through a dryer, and inputting the treated materials into an electric furnace proportioning machine;
(4) mixing a slagging agent, a reducing agent and the treated ore balls by an electric furnace proportioning machine, inputting the mixture into a semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or preheating the mixture by a furnace top preheater, and then inputting the mixture into the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace;
(5) smelting the input materials by a semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace;
(6) discharging smelting furnace slag through a slag outlet;
(7) discharging molten iron generated by smelting through a taphole;
(8) zinc steam generated by smelting is output through a zinc oxide gas outlet, zinc oxide is obtained through a gravity dust collector and then is conveyed into a zinc oxide collector;
(9) discharging crude lead through a lead outlet.
And (7) further detecting the generated molten iron, refining the molten iron which does not meet the preset requirement, and pouring the molten iron which meets the preset requirement into pig iron, or performing thermal mixing or molding to form a casting.
Furthermore, the fixed carbon of the pulverized coal or the coke powder is more than or equal to 75 percent, the ash content is less than or equal to 15 percent, the dust and mud components meet the requirements that TFe is more than or equal to 45 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 4 percent, and C/O is more than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3.
Further, the slag former in the step (4) is required to be added according to the basicity R of the slag, namely CaO/sio, according to the chemical components of the dust mud and the ore balls21-1.2, the slag former can be silica or limestone (dolomite), the reducing agent can be coke, the carbon is added according to the carbon and oxygen content of the dust mud ore ball, and the carbon/oxygen<Coke should be added when the content is 1%, and the carbon/oxygen ratio is adjusted within the range of 1.1-1.4.
Further, in the step (5), the electric furnace reduction smelting time is 2.5-4 hours per furnace, the smelting temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, and the following steps are preferred: the ore ball enters the top of the electric furnace and is preheated to about 400 ℃ by the gas combustion of the preheater, and then enters the hearth of the electric furnace for smelting.
Further, if the capacity of the reduction electric furnace is designed to process dust mud ore balls more than 100 tons/d per day, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are designed to be separated, the slag tapping operation is firstly carried out after the smelting time of the electric furnace is finished (according to the number of furnaces), the tapping operation is carried out after the slag tapping operation is finished, if the daily processing ore ball amount is less than or equal to 100t/d, the slag tapping and the tapping are taken as an outlet, and the step (6) and the step (7) are operated together.
Further, in the step (7), for example, the composition of pig iron and molten iron does not meet the relevant standards or the requirements of customers, refining operation can be performed. It should be further noted that if the pig iron liquid is used for direct hot blending to a steel plant, the refining electric furnace can also be used for storing and preserving the pig iron liquid, and if the cast pig iron liquid is produced, the casting can be directly poured by preparing and preserving heat through the refining furnace.
Further, the zinc oxide is recycled every 4-8 hours in the step (8), and the recycling operation time is determined according to the zinc content of the dust mud. Particularly, the lead eye is opened for 2-5 days during the crude lead recovery operation, and the lead content of the dust mud is determined.
Adopt foretell technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the utility model, its beneficial effect who has is:
1. the recovery rate of zinc, lead and iron metal elements by adopting the system and the scheme is high, and the recovery rate is more than or equal to 95 percent;
2. the system of the utility model uses the pig iron, zinc oxide and lead bullion produced by the dust mud to have high added value, and the dust mud resource is efficiently utilized;
3. the pig iron and the molten iron produced by the system of the utility model can be controlled according to the relevant standards and the specific requirements of customers;
4. the steel mill applying the system of the utility model can realize hot metal hot mixing by self-processing dust and mud;
5. the utility model discloses system low in production cost, economic benefits is good.
Drawings
The scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings and the specific implementation mode of the specification:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention showing the connection of the devices and the direction of material transport;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the smelting principle and the simple structure of a semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of the system of the utility model;
fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the system of the utility model comprises a dust and mud proportioning machine, a ball making machine, a drying machine, an electric furnace proportioning machine and a semi-closed buried arc reduction electric furnace which are arranged in sequence and connected with each other; it still includes broken pond of slag water, gravity dust remover, zinc oxide collector, bullion casting machine and pig machine, semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric stove have zinc oxide gas outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet, wherein, zinc oxide gas outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, zinc oxide gas outlet be connected with gravity dust remover, gravity dust remover is connected with the zinc oxide collector, the slag notch be connected with the broken pond of slag water, the tap hole be connected with the pig machine, the lead outlet be connected with the bullion casting machine.
Wherein, dirt proportioning machine, balling machine, drying-machine, electric furnace proportioning machine, pig machine, lead bullion casting machine be conventional metallurgical equipment, it can carry out the design lectotype according to the production scale, just not the redundant description.
Further, still be equipped with a connection branch road and be connected with the refining modulation electric stove on this connection branch road between tap hole and the pig machine, further, the refining modulation electric stove is supporting with semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric stove for pig iron molten iron dephosphorization, desulfurization, composition modulation and molten iron heat are converted and are kept warm and are used.
In addition, the zinc oxide collector is also connected with a bag-type dust collector; further, a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is connected between the electric furnace proportioning machine and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace and is used for preheating treatment before dust mud ore balls enter the electric furnace; further, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is a direct current semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or an alternating current semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
Moreover, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is nonstandard equipment specially used for dust and mud smelting, and various process parameters of the equipment are designed and manufactured according to the dust and mud component structure, the annual treatment capacity and the dust and mud metallurgical performance. Particularly, the smelting process of the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is submerged arc operation, and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace is different from an open arc electric furnace heated by high-temperature electric arc in that a high-temperature heat source is derived from electric arc and resistance heat of furnace burden and furnace slag, so that the reduction temperature of the electric furnace is low, the reduction reaction of the furnace burden is sufficient, the recovery rate of metal elements is high, and lead metal elements in dust mud can be recovered from the furnace bottom to obtain crude lead.
Referring to fig. 2, the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of the system of the present invention comprises:
the furnace comprises a furnace body 1, wherein the upper end of the furnace body is provided with a furnace chamber 11 with a concave structure, the side surface of the lower part of the furnace chamber 11 is provided with a slag outlet 13 and an iron outlet 14, the projections of the slag outlet 13 and the iron outlet 14 in the horizontal direction are that the slag outlet 13 is arranged above the iron outlet 14, in addition, a lead collecting groove 151 is arranged below the furnace chamber 11, and the lead collecting groove 151 horizontally extends out of the furnace body to form a lead outlet 15; a carbon brick layer 2 is arranged between the lead collecting groove 151 and the lower part of the furnace chamber 11;
the furnace cover 16 is arranged above the furnace chamber 11 in a covering manner, a gap is reserved between the furnace cover and the upper end surface of the furnace body 1, a zinc oxide gas outlet 12 is formed in the gap, and the zinc oxide gas outlet 12 is used for discharging zinc steam;
one end of the self-baking electrode 3 penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber 11 through the furnace cover 16;
the output end of the feeding pipe 4 penetrates into the furnace cover 16 and extends to the upper part of the furnace chamber 11.
The furnace body 1 is built by refractory bricks, and the horizontal extension part of the lead collecting groove 151 is provided with an isolation layer 21 corresponding to the slag outlet 13 or the tap hole 14.
It should be noted that: the system of the scheme can also be used for recovering zinc oxide and chromium-containing pig iron from the stainless steel zinc-containing dust mud.
During smelting in the furnace chamber 11 of the semi-closed submerged arc reduction circuit, different smelting zones are correspondingly formed, namely an ① molten iron zone, a ② slag zone, a ③ high-temperature reduction reaction zone (the temperature is approximately 1350-1650 ℃), a ④ furnace charge prereduction reaction and melting zone (the temperature is approximately 1200-1350 ℃), a ⑤ slag crust and sintering zone (the temperature is approximately 900-1200 ℃), a ⑥ furnace charge preheating zone (the temperature is approximately 600-900 ℃), and a ⑦ furnace charge zone (the temperature is approximately 400-600 ℃).
The operation method of the zinc oxide recovery system by the zinc-containing dust and mud electric furnace method in the steel plant comprises the following steps:
(1) more than one of gas ash, converter ash, electric furnace ash, pulverized coal or coke powder in the dust and sludge are matched in proportion by a dust and sludge proportioning machine, and are mixed uniformly by a binder accounting for 3-8% of the mass of the dust and sludge, and then the mixture is conveyed to a ball forming machine, wherein the fixed carbon of the pulverized coal or coke powder is more than or equal to 75%, the ash content is less than or equal to 15%, the dust and sludge components meet the conditions that TFe is more than or equal to 45%, Zn is more than or equal to 4%, and C/O is more than or equal to 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.3;
(2) preparing the materials output by the dust and mud proportioning machine into ore balls through a ball making machine, and then inputting the ore balls into a dryer;
(3) carrying out drying and pre-reduction treatment on the ore balls input by the ball making machine through a dryer, and inputting the treated materials into an electric furnace proportioning machine;
(4) mixing slag former, reducer and treated ore balls by an electric furnace proportioning machine, inputting the mixture into a semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace or preheating the mixture by a furnace top preheater, and inputting the mixture into the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, wherein the slag former is required to be based on the chemical components of dust mud ore balls according to the basicity R of slag, namely CaO/sio21-1.2, the slag former can be silica or limestone (dolomite), the reducing agent can be coke, the carbon is added according to the carbon and oxygen content of the dust mud ore ball, and the carbon/oxygen<Adding coke when the content of the carbon is 1%, and adjusting the carbon/oxygen ratio to be 1.1-1.4;
(5) smelting input materials by a semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace, wherein the reduction smelting time of the electric furnace is 2.5-4 hours per furnace, the smelting temperature is 1200-1450 ℃, and the optimization is as follows: the ore balls enter the top of the electric furnace and are preheated to about 400 ℃ by gas combustion of a preheater and then enter the hearth of the electric furnace for smelting;
(6) discharging smelting furnace slag through a slag outlet;
(7) the method comprises the following steps of discharging molten iron generated by smelting through a taphole, detecting the generated molten iron, refining the molten iron which does not meet preset requirements, and casting the molten iron which meets the preset requirements into pig iron or performing thermal mixing or forming into a casting, wherein the refining electric furnace can also be used for storing and preserving the pig iron and keeping the temperature if the pig iron and the molten iron are directly thermally mixed into a steelmaking workshop;
(8) zinc steam generated by smelting is output through a zinc oxide gas outlet, zinc oxide is obtained through a gravity dust collector and then is conveyed into a zinc oxide collector;
(9) discharging crude lead through a lead outlet.
Wherein, the zinc oxide is recovered every 4-8 hours, and the recovery operation time is determined according to the zinc content of the dust mud. Particularly, the lead eye is opened for 2-5 days during the crude lead recovery operation, and the lead content of the dust mud is determined;
further, if the capacity of the reduction electric furnace is designed to process dust mud ore balls more than 100 tons/d per day, a slag outlet and a tapping hole are designed to be separated, the slag tapping operation is firstly carried out after the smelting time of the electric furnace is finished (according to the number of furnaces), the tapping operation is carried out after the slag tapping operation is finished, if the daily processing ore ball amount is less than or equal to 100t/d, the slag tapping and the tapping are taken as an outlet, and the step (6) and the step (7) are operated together.
The main chemical components of the zinc-containing dust and mud in the steel plant mentioned by the scheme of the utility model are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 chemical composition table of zinc-containing dust and mud of iron and steel works
The scheme of the utility model is further expressed visually by combining with concrete operation examples.
Example 1
In this example 1, the dust and mud in table 1 were used in combination, the electric furnace equipment was used and then a semi-closed buried arc reduction electric furnace was used, the electric furnace treatment capacity was 60000 tons/a (in terms of 300 days/a), and the treatment amount was 10000 tons.
According to the chemical components of each dust and mud in table 1, 40% of blast furnace gas ash, 30% of converter dust and mud and 30% of electric furnace dust and mud are selected and mixed uniformly to prepare balls in the embodiment, and the number and the chemical components of the mixed ore balls are calculated by weighted average as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2 table unit of main components of the dust and mud mixing ball: is based on
The mixed pellets in Table 2 were dried in a dryer (H) according to the process flow chart shown in FIG. 320 ═ O), then 5% of coke (semi coke) by weight of the ore-blending pellet is used as reducing agent, 2% of silica by weight of the ore-blending pellet is used as slag-forming agent, in which the reducing agent C is 82%, ash is 14.5%, silica SiO is used as slag-forming agent297.5 percent, each batch of the mixed balls is weighed according to 500kg, and the materials are mixed by a PLC electric furnace material mixing machine, and the electric furnace material mixing sheet is shown in the following table 3
TABLE 3 electric furnace ingredient table
The slag basicity R of the mixture is calculated as Ca + mg/SiO2＝1.24。
The mixture that will above-mentioned batching list is joined in marriage is sent to the furnace roof heater by electric stove autoloader and preheats about the mixture to 500 ℃, sends to semi-enclosed buried solitary reduction electric stove through the unloading pipe again and smelts, wherein: controlling the smelting temperature to be 1350-1700 ℃, controlling the smelting time to be 3.5 hours per furnace (wherein, 2.5 hours of slag is discharged from a slag outlet, and 3.5 hours of iron is discharged), recovering zinc oxide once every 8 hours, recovering crude lead through a lead discharging port of an electric furnace and recovering once every 3 days, and crushing the smelting slag into building materials through a water crushing pool.
The smelting principle and the temperature distribution of the electric reducing furnace are shown in figure 2 in detail.
The zinc oxide and pig iron and lead bullion products recovered by treating the dust sludge in the example are shown in the following Table 4
TABLE 4 statistical table of product and raw material consumption
| Name (R) | Mixing ball | Coke cubes | Silica | Pig iron | Zinc oxide | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | 500 | 200 | 4718 | 473 | 70 |
| Recovery of metals | 95％ | 92％ | 94％ |
Note: the zinc oxide contains more than or equal to 97 percent of Zn and more than or equal to 96 percent of lead bullion Pb
Analysis of beneficial effects:
first, the product value produced by the embodiment is calculated
1. 4718t multiplied by 2655 yuan per ton of pig iron 1252.62 ten thousand yuan; (pig iron tax free unit price: 2655 yuan/ton);
2. zinc oxide: 473 ton × 8420 yuan/ton 398.27 ten thousand yuan; (zinc oxide tax free unit price: 8420 yuan/ton);
3. crude lead: 74t × 14697 yuan/ton 108.76 ten thousand yuan. (lead bullion no tax unit price: 14697 yuan/ton).
Totaling: no tax product value sigma 108.76+398.27+1252.63 is 1759.65 ten thousand yuan
Second, the cost calculation of the production and processing in the embodiment 1
The cost of processing ton of dust and mud is calculated as shown in Table 5 below
TABLE 5 processing cost calculation chart for each ton of dust and mud
| Serial number | Name (R) | Number of | Unit of | Unit price of | Amount (Yuan) | Remarks for |
| 1 | Electric charge | 1200 | Degree of rotation | 0.50 | 600 | (No tax) |
| 2 | Coke cubes | 0.05 | Ton of | 1400 | 70 | (No tax) |
| 3 | Electrode paste | 0.03 | Ton of | 3500 | 105 | (No tax) |
| 4 | Steel material | 0.007 | Ton of | 3500 | 24.50 | (No tax) |
| 5 | Silica | 0.02 | Ton of | 300 | 6 | (No tax) |
| 6 | Labour protection, low-grade and easy product | 17.6 | ||||
| 7 | Maintenance of equipment | 17.6 | ||||
| 8 | Payroll | 60 | ||||
| 9 | Management fee | 10 | ||||
| 10 | Depreciation | 50 | Annual treatment capacity of 6 ten thousand |
|||
| 11 | Financial cost | 20 | ||||
| 12 | Tax fee | 25 | (value added tax and surcharges) | |||
| 13 | Total up to | 1005.70 |
10000 tons of dust and mud are co-processed in the embodiment, and the cost for payment is as follows: Σ 10000 ten thousand tons × 1005.70 yuan/ton is 1025.7 ten thousand yuan.
Thirdly, calculating economic benefits:
1. product, non-tax income (calculated according to table 4 and market price)
Totaling: 1759.56 ten thousand yuan;
2. hair income is 1759.65 ten thousand yuan-1005.7 ten thousand yuan 753.95 ten thousand yuan;
3. the tax due to payment is: 753.95 × 25% ═ 188.49 ten thousand yuan;
4. 753.95-188.49-565.46 ten thousand yuan;
therefore, the economic benefit generated by the system of the utility model is obvious.
Example 2
In this example, the dust and sludge in table 1 of example 1 is still used, the amount of the dust and sludge is still 10000 tons, and the other process steps are the same as those in example 1, except that 50% of blast furnace gas ash and 50% of electric furnace ash are selected and mixed with the dust and sludge balls, and the components are shown in table 6 below
Table 6 main ingredient table of dust and mud mixing ball
| Name (R) | Quantity (t) | TFe | Fe0 | Fe203 | Zn | Pb | C | P | S | CaO | MyO | SiO2 | Al2O3 |
| Mixing ball | 10000 | 41.31 | 9.85 | 48.06 | 4.71 | 1.295 | 15.23 | 0.096 | 0.54 | 3.935 | 1.12 | 4.19 | 1.325 |
Table 7 shows the materials for the electric furnace in this example
TABLE 7 electric furnace dosage sheet
R＝Cao+Mgo/R＝1.25
In this example, dolomite was used as a slag forming agent, and the reducing agent was the same as in example 1.
The electric furnace reduction smelting and zinc oxide and lead bullion recovery operations in this example were the same as those in example 1
The products and raw material consumption produced in this example are shown in Table 8 below
TABLE 8 statistical table of product and raw material consumption
| Name (R) | Mixing ball | Coke cubes | Dolomite | Pig iron | Zinc oxide | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | 800 | 200 | 4219 | 621.25 | 126 |
| Recovery of metals | 95％ | 92％ | 94％ |
Note: the zinc oxide contains more than or equal to 97 percent of Zn and more than or equal to 96 percent of lead bullion Pb
Has the advantages that:
product income (without tax)
1. Pig iron: 4219 ton × 2655/ton 1120 ten thousand yuan; (pig iron tax free unit price: 2655 yuan/ton);
2. zinc oxide: 621.5 ton × 8420 yuan/ton 523.09 ten thousand yuan; (zinc oxide tax free unit price: 8420 yuan/ton);
3. crude lead: 126 ton × 14697 is 185.18 ten thousand yuan. ((lead bullion tax free unit price: 14697 yuan/ton);
the aggregate revenue is 1120+523.09+ 185.18-1828.27 ten thousand dollars.
Second, cost aspect
This embodiment increases the consumption of nut coke by 300 tons, increases the cost by 300 × 1400 ═ 42 ten thousand yuan, and is the same as embodiment 1 in other costs, and has the total cost of 1005.7 ten thousand yuan +42 ten thousand yuan ═ 1047.7 ten thousand yuan.
Third, benefit comparison
The profit of the embodiment is as follows:
maoli 1828.27 ten thousand yuan-1047.7 ten thousand yuan 780.57 ten thousand yuan, and the tax obtained 780.57 ten thousand yuan × 0.25 195.14 ten thousand yuan;
pure 585.43 ten thousand yuan.
Example 3
In this example, a blast furnace gas ash was selected, and the process steps were the same as in example 1, but the product yield and cost were different due to the different chemical components of the dust.
Table 9 table of main components of the ball of this example
| Name (R) | Quantity (t) | TFe | FeO | Fe2O3 | Zn | pb | C | P | S | CaO | Mgo | SiO2 | Al2O3 |
| Mineral ball | 10000 | 35.2 | 10.45 | 38.82 | 6.61 | 0.94 | 30.21 | 0.101 | 1.04 | 4.31 | 0.86 | 6.25 | 2.13 |
As shown in Table 10, the formulation of the fire in this example is shown in Table 10 below
TABLE 10 electric furnace dosage sheet
Wherein, the gas ash carbon is excessive and does not need to be prepared.
The products produced and consumption in this example are shown in statistical Table 11
TABLE 11
| Name (R) | Gas ash | Coke cubes | Dolomite | Pig iron | Zinc oxide | Lead bullion |
| Quantity (t) | 10000 | / | 1000 | 3530 | 889 | 90 |
| Recovery of metals | 93％ | 94％ | 92％ |
Note: the zinc oxide contains more than or equal to 97 percent of Zn and more than or equal to 96 percent of lead bullion Pb
Has the advantages that:
product income (without tax)
1. Pig iron: 3530.25t × 2655 yuan/t 937.2 ten thousand yuan; (pig iron tax free unit price: 2655 yuan/ton);
2. zinc oxide: 889t × 8420 yuan/t is 748.53 ten thousand yuan; (zinc oxide tax free unit price: 8420 yuan/ton);
3. crude lead: 90t × 14697 yuan/t is 132.27 ten thousand yuan; no tax unit price: 14697 yuan/ton);
the total income is 1818 ten thousand yuan.
Second, cost aspect
1. Saving 500T × 1400 (compared with example 1) 70 ten thousand yuan, saving 200T × 300 (6 ten thousand yuan) of silica;
2. the dosage of dolomite is increased to 1000 tons multiplied by 200 which is 20 ten thousand yuan;
after the two items are balanced, the cost can be saved: 76 ten thousand yuan to 20 ten thousand yuan is 50 ten thousand yuan.
The cost of the embodiment is 1005.70 ten thousand yuan to 50 ten thousand yuan 955.7 ten thousand yuan.
Third, calculating benefits
1. Moli 1818 ten thousand yuan-955.7 ten thousand yuan 862.3 ten thousand yuan;
2. (value-added tax) 862.3 × 0.25 ═ 215.58 ten thousand yuan;
3. pure profit is 646.72 ten thousand yuan;
in summary, in the above three embodiments, as the amount of zinc mixed with the dust and mud increases, the profit tax increases, if calculated according to the average value:
(1) (example 1), (example 2) and (example 3) the average pure benefit is: (565.64 ten 585.43 ten 646.72)/3 ═ 599.26 ten thousand yuan;
(2) the average tax is: (188,49+195.14+ 215.58)/3-199.73 ten thousand yuan (income tax) +30 ten thousand yuan (value-added tax) 229.74 ten thousand yuan.
The annual waste volume of more than three kinds of dust and mud is 3700 million tons calculated in steel and iron works all over the country, the utility model discloses a technology, annual earning is 599.26X 3700 ten thousand-hundred million yuan 221-hundred million yuan, annual tax fee 229.74X 3700 million yuan-85 hundred million yuan.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that various changes and modifications can be made to this embodiment by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. Zinc oxide system is retrieved to steel plant zinc-containing dirt electric furnace method, its characterized in that: it includes that semi-closed buries arc reduction electric furnace, slag water breaker, gravity dust collector, zinc oxide collector, crude casting machine and pig machine, semi-closed arc reduction electric furnace that buries have zinc oxide gas outlet, tap hole, slag notch and lead outlet, wherein, zinc oxide gas outlet, slag notch, tap hole and the projection of lead outlet on the horizontal direction are for setting up according to the preface from top to bottom, zinc oxide gas outlet be connected with gravity dust collector, gravity dust collector is connected with the zinc oxide collector, the slag notch be connected with slag water breaker, the tap hole be connected with the pig machine, the lead outlet be connected with crude casting machine.
2. The zinc oxide recovery system by the electric furnace method for the zinc-containing dust and sludge in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: it still includes according to the preface setting up and interconnect's dirt mud proportioning machine, system ball machine, drying-machine, electric furnace proportioning machine, the discharge gate and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace of electric furnace proportioning machine are connected.
3. The zinc oxide recovery system by the electric furnace method for the zinc-containing dust and sludge in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: a connecting branch is also arranged between the tap hole and the pig casting machine, and a refining and modulating electric furnace is connected on the connecting branch.
4. The zinc oxide recovery system by the electric furnace method for the zinc-containing dust and sludge in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the zinc oxide collector is also connected with a bag-type dust collector.
5. The zinc oxide recovery system by the electric furnace method for the zinc-containing dust and sludge in the steel plant according to claim 2, wherein: and a furnace top preheater for preheating materials is also connected between the electric furnace dosing machine and the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace.
6. The zinc oxide recovery system by the electric furnace method for the zinc-containing dust and sludge in the steel plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the semi-closed submerged arc reduction electric furnace comprises:
the furnace comprises a furnace body, a furnace cavity and a lead collecting groove, wherein the upper end of the furnace body is provided with a concave structure furnace cavity, the side surface of the lower part of the furnace cavity is provided with a slag hole and a tap hole, the projections of the slag hole and the tap hole in the horizontal direction are that the slag hole is arranged above and the tap hole is arranged below, in addition, the lower part of the furnace cavity is provided with the lead collecting groove, and the lead collecting groove horizontally extends out of the furnace body and forms the lead hole; a carbon brick layer is arranged between the lead collecting groove and the lower part of the furnace chamber;
the furnace cover is arranged above the furnace chamber, a gap is formed between the furnace cover and the upper end surface of the furnace body, a zinc oxide gas outlet is formed at the gap, and the zinc oxide gas outlet is used for discharging zinc oxide gas;
one end of the self-baking electrode penetrates into the middle part of the furnace chamber from the furnace cover;
and the output end of the discharging pipe penetrates through the furnace cover and extends to the upper part of the furnace chamber.
7. The system for recovering zinc oxide by the zinc-containing dust and sludge electric furnace method of the steel plant according to claim 6, wherein: the furnace body is built by refractory bricks, and the horizontal extension part of the lead collecting groove is provided with an isolating layer corresponding to the slag hole or the tap hole.
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| CN110453090A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 龙岩山青冶金科技有限公司 | Steel plant's Zinc-Bearing Wastes electric furnace process recycles zinc oxide system and method |
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| CN110453090A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-11-15 | 龙岩山青冶金科技有限公司 | Steel plant's Zinc-Bearing Wastes electric furnace process recycles zinc oxide system and method |
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