CN212270097U - Kitchen garbage biological treatment integrated equipment - Google Patents
Kitchen garbage biological treatment integrated equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN212270097U CN212270097U CN202021448358.8U CN202021448358U CN212270097U CN 212270097 U CN212270097 U CN 212270097U CN 202021448358 U CN202021448358 U CN 202021448358U CN 212270097 U CN212270097 U CN 212270097U
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Images
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of complex process and low efficiency and the like in the prior kitchen waste biological treatment technology, the utility model provides a kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment. The utility model discloses kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment, which comprises a magnetic separation unit, a non-magnetic metal sorting unit, a waste crushing unit, a reaction bin and an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit, wherein the units are connected in sequence through transmission pipelines; the reaction bin is of a tank body closed structure and is provided with a liquid collecting pipeline, a liquid spraying pipeline, an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a stirring screw, a heating device, a temperature probe, an oxygen probe, a nitrogen probe and a methane probe. The beneficial technical effects of the utility model are that can once only carry out efficient biological treatment to rubbish from cooking in the equipment of integration, acquire methane and fertilizer and can not cause secondary pollution, easy and simple to handle, the practicality is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a biological treatment technology of kitchen garbage, in particular to integrated biological treatment equipment of kitchen garbage.
Background
Kitchen waste is one of main components of urban household waste, and a large amount of kitchen waste is generated in catering industry, resident families and fruit and vegetable wholesale markets. The kitchen waste has the characteristics of high organic matter content, easy deterioration and rancidity, easy breeding of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria and the like, and a series of environmental and social problems and food safety problems of ' swill and ' garbage pig ' and the like can be caused by improper treatment. At present, the kitchen waste treatment technology includes incineration, anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, landfill, and crushing direct discharge, and among them, the anaerobic digestion technology which is directed to harmless treatment and resource utilization is considered as the most effective treatment technology. However, the technology has the problems of complex pretreatment process, low efficiency of a main anaerobic digestion process unit, unreasonable connection of front and rear end technologies, poor economic benefit, generation of a large amount of anaerobic wastewater after fermentation, difficult biogas residue treatment, serious secondary pollution and the like. In addition, although the aerobic composting technology has simple process, the plant area occupies larger area, the operation environment is poorer, the on-site odor pollution is serious, and the effect and the market of the composting product are difficult to ensure. The annual output of kitchen garbage in China reaches more than 9000 ten thousand tons, and the kitchen garbage contains rich hydrocarbon and can be regarded as a renewable resource.
Obviously, the existing biological treatment technology for kitchen waste has the problems of complex process, low efficiency, unreasonable technical connection, easy generation of secondary pollution and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of complex process, low efficiency, unreasonable technical connection, easy secondary pollution and the like in the existing kitchen waste biological treatment technology, the utility model provides a kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment.
The utility model discloses kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment, which comprises a magnetic separation unit, a non-magnetic metal sorting unit, a waste crushing unit, a reaction bin and an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit, wherein the units are connected in sequence through transmission pipelines; the reaction bin is of a tank body closed structure and is respectively connected with the garbage crushing unit and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit through transmission pipelines, and is also provided with a liquid collecting pipeline, a liquid spraying pipeline, an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a stirring screw, a heating device, a temperature probe, an oxygen probe, a nitrogen probe and a methane probe; a feeding stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the garbage crushing unit, and a discharging stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit; the liquid collecting pipeline comprises a liquid collecting pool and a liquid output pipeline which are arranged at the bottom of the reaction bin tank body; the liquid spraying pipeline comprises a spraying head arranged at the top of the reaction bin tank body; the air inlet pipeline is respectively connected with an air or oxygen source and a nitrogen source; and the gas outlet pipeline is respectively connected with the methane collecting tank and the gas discharging device.
Furthermore, the integrated biological treatment equipment for kitchen waste of the utility model comprises a magnetic separation unit comprising a magnetic runner or a magnetic conveyor belt; the non-magnetic metal sorting unit comprises a metal detector and a grabbing manipulator.
Further, the utility model discloses kitchen garbage biological treatment integration equipment, the outlet duct that reaction bin and methane collecting tank are connected is provided with gas flowmeter on the road.
Further, the utility model discloses kitchen remains rubbish biological treatment integration equipment, the upper portion in the liquid collection storage pond of reaction tank jar body bottom is provided with the filter screen.
The utility model discloses rubbish biological treatment integrated device remains in kitchen's useful technological effect can once only carry out efficient biological treatment to rubbish remains in kitchen in the equipment of integration, acquires methane and fertilizer and can not cause secondary pollution, and is easy and simple to handle, and the practicality is strong.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure and treatment steps of the integrated biological kitchen waste treatment device of the present invention.
The integrated device for biological treatment of kitchen garbage according to the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure and treatment steps of the integrated device for biological treatment of kitchen waste, which can be seen from the figure, the integrated device for biological treatment of kitchen waste comprises a magnetic separation unit, a non-magnetic metal separation unit, a waste crushing unit, a reaction bin and an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit, and the units are connected in sequence through transmission pipelines; the reaction bin is of a tank body closed structure and is respectively connected with the garbage crushing unit and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit through transmission pipelines, and is also provided with a liquid collecting pipeline, a liquid spraying pipeline, an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a stirring screw, a heating device, a temperature probe, an oxygen probe, a nitrogen probe and a methane probe; a feeding stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the garbage crushing unit, and a discharging stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit; the liquid collecting pipeline comprises a liquid collecting pool and a liquid output pipeline which are arranged at the bottom of the reaction bin tank body; the liquid spraying pipeline comprises a spraying head arranged at the top of the reaction bin tank body; the gas inlet pipeline is respectively connected with an air or oxygen source and a nitrogen source, and the gas outlet pipeline is respectively connected with a methane collecting tank and a gas discharging device.
For simplifying the structure and improving the efficiency, the utility model discloses rubbish biological treatment integrated equipment remains in kitchen, the magnetic separation unit includes magnetism runner or magnetism conveyer belt, adopts magnetism runner or magnetism conveyer belt to carry out the magnetic separation in transmission course to realize the unity of efficiency and effect. The non-magnetic metal sorting unit comprises a metal detector and a grabbing manipulator, and when non-magnetic metal is detected, the non-magnetic metal can be grabbed through the manipulator, so that the selection omission is avoided. The upper part of the liquid collection storage pool at the bottom of the reaction bin tank body is provided with the filter screen, so that solid-liquid separation can be realized in time in various reaction processes, and meanwhile, oxygen introduction is facilitated.
In addition, in order to accurately count the generation amount of methane, a gas flowmeter is arranged on a gas outlet pipeline connected with the reaction bin and the methane collection tank.
Adopt the utility model discloses rubbish from cooking biological treatment integration equipment carries out biological treatment to rubbish from cooking, including following step:
s1, separating and eliminating magnetic metals and non-magnetic metals mixed in the kitchen garbage through a magnetic separation unit and a non-magnetic metal separation unit; the kitchen waste is transmitted to the magnetic rotating wheel or the magnetic conveying belt through the transmission pipeline, so that the magnetic metal is adsorbed on the rotating wheel or the conveying belt and collected by the collecting device, meanwhile, the metal detector detects the non-magnetic metal in the kitchen waste, and the non-magnetic metal is removed through the grabbing manipulator.
S2, conveying the kitchen waste subjected to metal sorting to a waste crushing unit through a conveying pipeline, and crushing the kitchen waste into a solid-liquid mixture with the particle size of 30 +/-3 mm;
s3, sequentially carrying out aerobic biological pretreatment, dry anaerobic fermentation treatment and biogas residue aerobic composting treatment on the solid-liquid mixture of the kitchen garbage in the reaction bin to obtain methane gas and biogas residue humus;
s4, crushing and granulating the biogas residue humus through an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Wherein,
the step S3 of performing aerobic biological pretreatment in the reaction chamber refers to a series of exothermic decomposition reactions of organic matters in the kitchen waste under the action of various microorganisms in the kitchen waste in the form of a solid-liquid mixture under the conditions of oxygen introduction and stirring, and includes:
s301, closing a discharge stop valve of the reaction bin tank body, opening a feeding stop valve of the reaction bin tank body, and transmitting kitchen waste in a solid-liquid mixture shape into the reaction bin tank body through a transmission pipeline, wherein the charging amount is not less than 1/2 of the volume of the reaction bin tank body and not more than 2/3 of the volume of the reaction bin tank body;
s302, closing a feeding stop valve of the reaction bin tank body, transmitting oxygen or air into the reaction bin tank body through an air inlet pipeline, and simultaneously starting a stirring screw; mesophilic microorganisms such as mesophilic bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes in the kitchen waste utilize starch and sugar in the kitchen waste to rapidly proliferate and release heat, so that the temperature of a pile body is continuously increased; at the moment, liquid components in the kitchen waste enter a liquid collecting pool through a filter screen at the bottom of the tank body and are collected through a liquid output pipeline, namely percolate is collected;
s303, when the temperature of the exothermic decomposition reaction of the kitchen waste rises to 35 ℃ or 55 ℃, stopping inputting oxygen or air, stopping stirring, and spraying a set amount of mixed solution of percolate and biogas slurry to the kitchen waste pile through a spray header; the leachate is a liquid component in the kitchen waste collected in step S102; the biogas slurry is collected in the dry anaerobic fermentation treatment process;
s304, finishing the pretreatment of the aerobic organisms, and performing dry anaerobic fermentation treatment.
Spraying a set amount of mixed liquid of percolate and biogas slurry on the kitchen waste pile subjected to exothermic decomposition reaction, and actually adding various strains into the waste pile. The percolate and the biogas slurry are products of decomposing organic matters after various bacteria rapidly proliferate by using starch and sugar in the kitchen garbage, and are rich in various strains. The addition of the strain is very beneficial to the dry anaerobic fermentation treatment in the next step, and the effective utilization of the treated wastewater is realized.
The step S3 of performing dry anaerobic fermentation treatment in the reaction chamber refers to a process in which organic substances in the kitchen waste pretreated by aerobic organisms are hydrolyzed to generate water-soluble organic substances under the conditions of oxygen deficiency and heat preservation, and the water-soluble organic substances generate methane under the action of bacteria, and the process includes:
s305, inputting nitrogen into the tank body of the reaction bin until the oxygen content in the tank body is 0;
s306, starting a heat preservation heating device in the tank body, keeping the temperature of the kitchen waste in the tank body at a medium temperature or a high temperature, and starting medium-temperature or high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation on the kitchen waste; wherein the temperature range of the medium-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation is 35-38 ℃; the temperature range of the high-temperature dry anaerobic fermentation is 55-60 ℃; the dry anaerobic fermentation comprises the following three stages:
a hydrolysis stage: the fermentation bacteria use the exoenzyme to carry out in vitro enzymolysis on the organic matters, so that solid matters are changed into water-soluble matters, and then the bacteria absorb the water-soluble matters and decompose the water-soluble matters into different products, namely hydrolysis; wherein cellulose and starch are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides; hydrolyzing protein into amino acid, and deaminating to form organic acid and ammonia; hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acids;
acid production stage: the simple soluble organic matter produced in the hydrolysis stage is further decomposed into volatile fatty acid, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde and CO under the action of hydrogen-producing and acid-producing bacteria2And H2(ii) a The volatile fatty acids include propionic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and long chain fatty acids;
a methanogenesis stage: methanogens further degrade the acid-producing stage products to CH4And CO2While using H produced in the acid-producing stage2Partial recycling of CO2Conversion to CH4；
Dry anaerobic fermentation refers to anaerobic fermentation in which the solids content (TS%) is 20% or more (the water content is 80% or less) relative to wet anaerobic digestion, and is referred to as dry anaerobic fermentation.
The high temperature condition is more suitable for dry anaerobic digestion in theory, the destruction rate of organic solids can be improved, solid-liquid separation is accelerated, pathogenic microorganisms can be killed, the organic load born by the high temperature anaerobic digestion system is higher, and the gas production rate is higher. The temperature range of the medium-temperature process is 35-38 ℃, and the method has the advantages of mild reaction, low energy consumption and low possibility of being inhibited by ammonia nitrogen; the temperature range of the high-temperature process is 55-60 ℃, the degradation speed is high, and the gas production rate is high. So the temperature can be selected from medium temperature and high temperature.
S307, when the methane content in the tank body reaches a set concentration, opening a gas outlet pipeline; after the original nitrogen in the tank body is completely discharged, beginning to collect methane; meanwhile, liquid generated by dry anaerobic fermentation of the kitchen waste enters a liquid collecting tank through a filter screen at the bottom of the inclined pipe and is collected through a liquid output pipeline, namely biogas slurry is collected;
s308, when the methane generation amount in the tank body is 0, finishing the dry anaerobic fermentation treatment, and performing biogas residue aerobic treatment; the biogas residue is a product of kitchen garbage subjected to dry anaerobic fermentation treatment, and comprises a semisolid substance remaining at the bottom of the tank body and a solid substance formed after biogas slurry is dehydrated;
the step S3 of aerobic composting of biogas residue in the reaction bin refers to a process of continuously decomposing and converting organic substances in the biogas residue under the action of various bacteria to finally form humus under the condition of introducing oxygen and stirring the biogas residue; the method comprises the following steps:
s309, inputting oxygen or air into the reaction bin tank body, and starting stirring;
s310, under the condition of oxygen aeration and stirring, starting aerobic composting treatment of the biogas residues, comprising the following four stages:
an acclimation stage; the microorganisms in the biogas residue begin to adapt to a new environment, namely a microorganism acclimation process;
a heat generation stage: mesophilic microorganisms such as mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and actinomycetes in the biogas residues utilize soluble substances which are most easily decomposed in the compost, such as starch and saccharides, so that the proliferation is rapid, heat is released, and the temperature of the biogas residues is continuously increased;
and (3) high-temperature stage: when the temperature of the biogas residues rises to 45 ℃, entering a high-temperature stage; in the stage, thermophilic microorganisms gradually replace the activity of the thermophilic microorganisms, and residual and newly formed soluble organic substances in the biogas residues are continuously decomposed and converted; complex organic compounds such as hemicellulose, cellulose and proteins start to be strongly decomposed; generally, the main activities at around 50 ℃ are thermophilic fungi and actinomycetes; when the temperature rises to 60 ℃, the fungi almost completely stop moving, and only thermophilic actinomycetes and bacteria move; when the temperature is raised to above 70 ℃, the microorganism is not suitable for most thermophilic microorganisms, and the microorganisms die in large quantity or enter a dormant state.
And (3) a decomposing stage: after the high temperature is continued for a period of time, most of easily decomposed organic matters including cellulose are decomposed, and only part of organic matters which are difficult to decompose and newly formed humus are left; at this time, the microbial activity is reduced, the calorific value is reduced, and the temperature is reduced; at the moment, mesophilic microorganisms are dominant, the residual organic matters which are difficult to decompose are further decomposed, and humus is continuously increased and stabilized;
s311, the biogas residue aerobic composting treatment process tends to be finished along with the temperature in the reaction bin tank body tends to be stable; removing biogas slurry at the bottom of the tank body, and drying the biogas residue humus by starting a heating device; and opening a discharge stop valve of the reaction bin tank body, and transmitting the dried biogas residue humus to an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit.
In order to accelerate the thermal decomposition reaction and improve the efficiency, in step S3, the solid-liquid mixture of the kitchen waste is sequentially subjected to aerobic composting treatment in the reaction bin, which includes adding sawdust, leaves and/or rice into the solid-liquid mixture of the kitchen waste, improving the porosity of the compost, absorbing excessive moisture, and accelerating the transmission rate of oxygen and organic matters. Meanwhile, a complex microbial inoculum, N, P, K and other nutritive salts can be added to adjust the physical and chemical properties of the materials and accelerate the reaction rate.
In addition, when the biogas residue humus is crushed by the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit in the step S4, N, P and/or K nutritive salt can be added into the biogas residue according to requirements, the C/N ratio of the substrate can be adjusted to be 25: 1-30: 1, and fertilizers with different fertilizer effects (such as nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the like) can also be produced.
The utility model discloses rubbish biological treatment integrated device remains in kitchen's useful technological effect can once only carry out efficient biological treatment to rubbish remains in kitchen in the equipment of integration, acquires methane and fertilizer and can not cause secondary pollution, and is easy and simple to handle, and the practicality is strong.
Claims (4)
1. The kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment is characterized by comprising a magnetic separation unit, a non-magnetic metal separation unit, a waste crushing unit, a reaction bin and an organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit, wherein the units are sequentially connected through a transmission pipeline; the reaction bin is of a tank body closed structure and is respectively connected with the garbage crushing unit and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit through transmission pipelines, and is also provided with a liquid collecting pipeline, a liquid spraying pipeline, an air inlet pipeline, an air outlet pipeline, a stirring screw, a heating device, a temperature probe, an oxygen probe, a nitrogen probe and a methane probe; a feeding stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the garbage crushing unit, and a discharging stop valve is arranged on a transmission pipeline connecting the reaction bin tank body and the organic fertilizer crushing and granulating unit; the liquid collecting pipeline comprises a liquid collecting pool and a liquid output pipeline which are arranged at the bottom of the reaction bin tank body; the liquid spraying pipeline comprises a spraying head arranged at the top of the reaction bin tank body; the gas inlet pipeline is respectively connected with an air or oxygen source and a nitrogen source, and the gas outlet pipeline is respectively connected with a methane collecting tank and a gas discharging device.
2. The integrated kitchen waste biological treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said magnetic separation unit comprises a magnetic wheel or a magnetic conveyor belt; the non-magnetic metal sorting unit comprises a metal detector and a grabbing manipulator.
3. The integrated kitchen waste biological treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein a filter screen is arranged at the upper part of the liquid collection storage pool at the bottom of the reaction bin tank body.
4. The integrated kitchen waste biological treatment equipment according to claim 1, wherein a gas flow meter is arranged on a gas outlet pipeline connecting the reaction bin and the methane collection tank.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021448358.8U CN212270097U (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Kitchen garbage biological treatment integrated equipment |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021448358.8U CN212270097U (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Kitchen garbage biological treatment integrated equipment |
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| CN212270097U true CN212270097U (en) | 2021-01-01 |
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| CN202021448358.8U Active CN212270097U (en) | 2020-07-21 | 2020-07-21 | Kitchen garbage biological treatment integrated equipment |
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| CN111778148A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 重庆大学 | Kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111778148A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-16 | 重庆大学 | Kitchen waste biological treatment integrated equipment and method |
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