CN212253381U - Novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat - Google Patents
Novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN212253381U CN212253381U CN202020833057.0U CN202020833057U CN212253381U CN 212253381 U CN212253381 U CN 212253381U CN 202020833057 U CN202020833057 U CN 202020833057U CN 212253381 U CN212253381 U CN 212253381U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat, the refrigerating system of which comprises a refrigerating compressor, a main condenser, an auxiliary condenser, a throttle valve, an evaporator, a cold trap, a refrigerating coil pipe, a drying box, a solenoid valve, a cold and hot oil tank, a cold and hot tank pump, a three-way valve and a tank trap valve; the cold and heat collection system comprises a heat collection system consisting of a main condenser, a hot oil tank and a hot tank pump and a cold collection system consisting of an evaporator, a cold tank pump and a cold oil tank; the vacuum pumping system comprises a cold trap, a box trap valve and a vacuum pump; the defrosting system comprises an electric heater, an oil pump, a water collecting tank, a three-way valve, a defrosting coil pipe and a water taking valve; the operation method is including four stages of prefreezing, sublimation drying, analytic drying, defrosting, the utility model discloses reduced the system energy consumption, energy-conserving effectual has simplified the system, reduces equipment failure rate, improves life, and system safety operates more conveniently, and the feasibility is better.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an utilize new-type freeze dryer of waste heat recovery defrosting water belongs to refrigeration technology field.
Background
The vacuum freeze drying technology is that wet material is cooled to below the eutectic point temperature to make the water and steam inside the material and freeze drying box become solid ice, and vacuum system is used to create vacuum condition for the freeze drying box. The existing freeze-drying equipment mainly has two problems. One is, when food such as a large amount of marine products of drying or fruit vegetables, through prefreezing, sublimation drying and analytic drying three stage, there can be a large amount of free water and combination water through solidification and sublimation become vapor, then caught by the cold trap, the solidification is caught with the cold trap in the direct vacuum system of passing through of vapor to current most freeze-drying equipment, collect not by proper and utilize, the waste of resource has been caused, especially to large-scale freeze-drying equipment, can catch a large amount of moisture in its cold trap, treat that the moisture of the material of drying especially saving in the fruit vegetables has fine health preserving value, can be by recycle. Secondly, the existing natural defrosting method takes a long time, and a new batch of material can be freeze-dried only after defrosting is finished, so that the batch working efficiency of freeze-drying is influenced. Third, among the freeze-drying process, the prefreezing stage need drop to and keep at a very low temperature, need consume more energy, need take out the release with the heat in the freeze-drying case, and need refrigeration and heating intermittent type effect in order to keep a invariable drying dehydration temperature in sublimation and analytic drying stage, the heat and the heat of adding need repeatedly to take out during, adopt refrigeration cycle cooling on the one hand, discharge the heat in the freeze-drying case simultaneously, on the other hand still needs the electrical heating intensification, there is a large amount of energy wastes, and this kind opens and stops the control mode and has the accuse temperature precision not high, temperature fluctuation is great, so that influence dry goods quality, it is frequent with the executive component action also to have led to relevant control by temperature change, the trouble increases, and service life shortens. Fourthly, the set temperature of the existing freeze-drying equipment in the analysis drying stage is usually not high, and the analysis drying requirements of different materials cannot be met and the drying speed cannot be improved. In order to solve the problems, the water obtained by freeze-drying is recovered, the heat emitted in the refrigeration process is recovered in different freeze-drying stages, the drying cold and heat supply is reasonably designed, a large amount of energy or power consumption can be saved, and the method is very important for saving resources, improving the utilization efficiency of equipment and promoting the popularization and application of the freeze-drying technology.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel freeze dryer which utilizes residual heat to recover defrosting water.
The utility model provides a technical scheme as follows: a novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat is characterized by comprising four parts, namely a refrigeration system, a cold and heat collecting system, a vacuum pumping system and a defrosting system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration compressor, a main condenser, an auxiliary condenser, a first path of throttle valve, a second path of throttle valve, an evaporator, a cold trap, a refrigeration coil, a first electromagnetic valve, a second electromagnetic valve, a third electromagnetic valve and a fourth electromagnetic valve; the cold and heat collection system comprises a heat collection system consisting of a main condenser, a hot oil tank and a hot tank pump and a cold collection system consisting of an evaporator, a cold tank pump and a cold oil tank; the vacuum pumping system comprises a drying box, a cold trap, a box trap valve and a vacuum pump; the defrosting system comprises an electric heater, an oil pump, a water collecting tank, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve, a fourth three-way valve, a defrosting coil pipe and a water taking valve;
the refrigerating coil and the defrosting coil are arranged in the cold trap;
the outlet of the refrigeration compressor is connected with the inlet of the first electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with one inlet of the main condenser, one outlet of the main condenser is connected with the inlet of the third electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the third electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet of one throttle valve, the outlet of the throttle valve is connected with one inlet of the evaporator, and one outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the refrigeration compressor; the inlet of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet of the first electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary condenser, and the outlet of the auxiliary condenser is connected with one path of outlet of the main condenser; the inlet of a fourth electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet of the third electromagnetic valve, the outlet of the fourth electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet of the two-way throttle valve, the outlet of the two-way throttle valve is connected with the inlet of the refrigerating coil of the cold trap, and the outlet of the refrigerating coil of the cold trap is connected with the outlet of one way of the evaporator;
one path of outlet of the hot oil tank is connected with two paths of inlets of the main condenser, two paths of outlets of the main condenser are connected with an inlet of the hot tank pump, and an outlet of the hot tank pump is connected with one path of inlet of the hot oil tank;
one path of outlet of the cold oil tank is connected with two paths of inlets of the evaporator, two paths of outlets of the evaporator are connected with an inlet of the cold box pump, and an outlet of the cold box pump is connected with one path of inlet of the cold oil tank;
the right valve port of the first three-way valve is connected with the two-way inlet of the hot oil tank, the left valve port of the first three-way valve is connected with the two-way inlet of the cold oil tank, the lower valve port of the first three-way valve is connected with the upper valve port of the second three-way valve, the left valve port of the second three-way valve is connected with the right outlet of the drying box, the lower valve port of the second three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the defrosting coil of the cold trap, the left valve port of the third three-way valve is connected with the two-way outlet of the cold oil tank, the right valve port of the third three-way valve is connected with the outlet of the heater, the inlet of the heater is connected with the two-way outlet of the hot oil tank, the lower valve port of the third three-way valve is connected with the inlet of the oil pump, the outlet of;
the upper inlet of the cold trap is connected with the outlet of the tank trap valve, and the inlet of the tank trap valve is connected with the lower outlet of the drying box; the right outlet of the cold trap is connected with the inlet of a vacuum pump, and the outlet of the vacuum pump is communicated with the outside; the outlet at the lower side of the cold trap is communicated with the inlet of the water collecting tank through a water taking valve.
Furthermore, the refrigeration coil and the defrosting coil are respectively arranged on two sides in the cold trap.
Further, the main condenser adopts a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a double-pipe heat exchanger.
Further, the evaporator adopts a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a double-pipe heat exchanger.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the utility model discloses set up the heat collection system who comprises main condenser, hot-oil tank, hot box pump and realized condensing waste heat recovery to the refrigeration in-process for the drying process heating has reduced the demand of auxiliary heating electric quantity, has reduced the system energy consumption, has fine energy-conserving effect.
The utility model discloses the cold volume collecting system who comprises evaporimeter, cold box pump, cold oil tank that sets up can provide cold volume for the drying cabinet as intermediate medium through oil. Together with the heat collecting system, the heat supply and the cold supply of the drying box by the same fluid medium (such as oil, which is used as the fluid medium for representation and explanation) are realized, two sets of pipelines for heating and refrigerating are avoided being arranged in the drying box, and the system is simplified.
The utility model discloses set up cold oil case, hot oil case and corresponding adjusting valve and oil circuit, the temperature that obtains needs through cold hot oil mixture is regarded as carrying cold and heat-carrying agent with the oil, realizes cooling and heating to the drying cabinet. Compared with the traditional mode of alternately switching refrigeration and heating to realize temperature regulation, the mode has higher temperature control precision and smaller temperature fluctuation, reduces the damage of the heating and refrigerating equipment and elements caused by the frequent start and stop of the two-position start and stop, reduces the energy loss in the regulation process, greatly reduces the failure rate of the equipment and prolongs the service life of the equipment.
The utility model discloses a refrigerant-heat-carrying agent-oily indirect heat transfer mode has set up electric heater and has supplemented analytic stage heat demand, compares with current freeze-drying, and higher analytic stage temperature can be realized to this kind of mode, and can not lead to condensing temperature to rise because of the high temperature to influence refrigerating system's security.
The utility model discloses utilize the great heat capacity heat accumulation ability of fluid medium (like oil) and auxiliary heater, after refrigerating system shut down, will leave the oil auxiliary heating back of waste heat, send into the cold-trap and carry out the defrosting in. Quickening the defrosting process and realizing the full utilization of the waste heat.
The utility model discloses set up the defrosting system who comprises electric heater, oil pump, water catch bowl, first three-way valve, second three-way valve, third three-way valve, fourth three-way valve, defrosting coil pipe, water intaking valve, made the frost melt through the heat of condensing of retrieving and auxiliary heating, retrieved the condensate water. Compared with natural melting, the time is reduced, and the efficiency is improved; compared with defrosting by introducing hot refrigerant, the defrosting device reduces the problems caused by refrigerant leakage, does not need to start the whole system for defrosting, and is more convenient to operate and better in feasibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Note: the thick solid line represents a refrigerant circulation path;
the dotted lines represent coolant circulation paths;
the thin solid line represents the circulation path of the oil.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the three-way valve uses "up", "down", "left" and "right" to indicate the direction of the valve port, and uses "left down", "left up", "right down", "right up", "up right", "down left", "down right", "left and right", "up and down", "down up and down" to indicate the communication and circulation direction of the two valve ports in the direction.
"lower left" means that the fluid medium flows in from the left side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the lower side valve port;
"upper left" means that the fluid medium flows in from the left side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the upper side valve port;
"lower right" means that the fluid medium flows in from the right side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the lower side valve port;
"upper right" means that the fluid medium flows in from the right side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the upper side valve port;
"upper right" means that the fluid medium flows in from the upper side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the right side valve port;
"lower left" means that the fluid medium flows in from the lower side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the left side valve port; "lower right" means that the fluid medium flows in from the lower side valve port of the three-way valve and flows out from the right side valve port;
"left and right" means that the fluid medium flows in from the left port and flows out from the right port of the three-way valve;
"up and down" means that the fluid medium flows in from the upper side valve port and flows out from the lower side valve port of the three-way valve;
"lower and upper" indicate that the fluid medium flows in from the lower port and flows out from the upper port of the three-way valve.
As shown in fig. 1, a novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosted water by using residual heat comprises four parts of a refrigeration system, a cold and heat collecting system, a vacuum pumping system and a defrosted system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration compressor 1, a main condenser 2-1, an auxiliary condenser 2-2, a one-way throttle valve 3-1, a two-way throttle valve 3-2, an evaporator 4, a cold trap 5, a refrigeration coil 5-1, a first electromagnetic valve 16-1, a second electromagnetic valve 16-2, a third electromagnetic valve 16-3 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4; the cold and heat collection system comprises a heat collection system consisting of a main condenser 2-1, a hot oil tank 8 and a hot tank pump 10, and a cold collection system consisting of an evaporator 4, a cold tank pump 11 and a cold oil tank 7; the vacuum pumping system consists of a drying box 6, a cold trap 5, a box trap valve 15 and a vacuum pump 13; the defrosting system consists of an electric heater 9, an oil pump 12, a water collecting tank 14, a first three-way valve 17-1, a second three-way valve 17-2, a third three-way valve 17-3, a fourth three-way valve 17-4, a defrosting coil pipe 5-2 and a water taking valve 18.
The refrigerating coil 5-1 and the defrosting coil 5-2 are arranged in the cold trap 5, and the two groups of coils can be respectively arranged at two sides in the cold trap 5 or can be respectively arranged in the form of spiral coils with different sizes and specifications.
An outlet of the refrigeration compressor 1 is connected with an inlet of a first electromagnetic valve 16-1, an outlet of the first electromagnetic valve 16-1 is connected with an inlet of one path of the main condenser 2-1, an outlet of one path of the main condenser 2-1 is connected with an inlet of a third electromagnetic valve 16-3, an outlet of the third electromagnetic valve 16-3 is connected with an inlet of one path of the throttling valve 3-1, an outlet of one path of the throttling valve 3-1 is connected with an inlet of one path of the evaporator 4, and an outlet of one path of the evaporator 4 is connected with an inlet of the refrigeration compressor 1. An inlet of the second electromagnetic valve 16-2 is connected with an inlet of the first electromagnetic valve 16-1, an outlet of the second electromagnetic valve 16-2 is connected with an inlet of the auxiliary condenser 2-2, and an outlet of the auxiliary condenser 2-2 is connected with one path of outlet of the main condenser 2-1; an inlet of the fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4 is connected with an inlet of the third electromagnetic valve 16-3, an outlet of the fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4 is connected with an inlet of the two-way throttle valve 3-2, an outlet of the two-way throttle valve 3-2 is connected with an inlet of the refrigerating coil 5-1 of the cold trap 5, and an outlet of the refrigerating coil 5-1 of the cold trap 5 is connected with an outlet of the evaporator 4.
One path of outlet of the hot oil tank 8 is connected with two paths of inlets of the main condenser 2-1, two paths of outlets of the main condenser 2-1 are connected with an inlet of the hot tank pump 10, and an outlet of the hot tank pump 10 is connected with one path of inlet of the hot oil tank 8.
One path of outlet of the cold oil tank 7 is connected with two paths of inlets of the evaporator 4, two paths of outlets of the evaporator 4 are connected with an inlet of the cold tank pump 11, and an outlet of the cold tank pump 11 is connected with one path of inlet of the cold oil tank 7.
The right valve port of a first three-way valve 17-1 is connected with the two-way inlet of a hot oil tank 8, the left valve port of the first three-way valve is connected with the two-way inlet of a cold oil tank 7, the lower valve port of the first three-way valve 17-1 is connected with the upper valve port of a second three-way valve 17-2, the left valve port of the second three-way valve 17-2 is connected with the right outlet of a drying tank 6, the lower valve port of the second three-way valve 17-2 is connected with the outlet of a defrosting coil 5-2 of a cold trap 5, the left valve port of a third three-way valve 17-3 is connected with the two-way outlet of the cold oil tank 7, the right valve port of the third three-way valve 17-3 is connected with the outlet of a heater 9, the inlet of the heater 9 is connected with the two-way outlet of the hot oil tank 8, the lower valve port of the third three-3 is connected with the inlet of an oil, the lower valve port of the fourth three-way valve 17-4 is connected with the inlet of the defrosting coil 5-2 of the cold trap 5.
The upper inlet of the cold trap 5 is connected with the outlet of the tank trap valve 15, and the inlet of the tank trap valve 15 is connected with the lower outlet of the drying tank 6; the right outlet of the cold trap 5 is connected with the inlet of a vacuum pump 13, and the outlet of the vacuum pump 13 is communicated with the outside; the outlet at the lower side of the cold trap 5 is communicated with the inlet of the water collecting tank 14 through a water taking valve 18.
The specific operation mode is as follows:
the utility model discloses a work operation of new-type freeze dryer's work operation divide into 4 stages of prefreezing, sublimation drying, analytic drying, defrosting.
1) In the pre-freezing stage, cold energy is provided for the box body, the temperature in the box body is reduced, and water in the material is frozen into a solid state. At the moment, the first electromagnetic valve 16-1, the second electromagnetic valve 16-2, the third electromagnetic valve 16-3, the hot box pump 10, the cold box pump 11 and the oil pump 12 are opened, and the fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4, the box trap valve 15, the heater 9, the vacuum pump 13 and the water taking valve 18 are closed. In the three-way valves, a left lower valve port of a first three-way valve 17-1 is communicated, a right valve port is closed, a left upper valve port of a second three-way valve 17-2 is communicated, a lower valve port is closed, a left lower valve port of a third three-way valve 17-3 is communicated, a right valve port is closed, a right upper valve port of a fourth three-way valve 17-4 is communicated, and the lower valve port is closed.
Fluid circuit of pre-freezing stage:
refrigerant circuit of pre-freezing stage: high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor output by the refrigeration compressor 1 is divided into two paths, the two paths of high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor enter the main condenser 2-1 and the auxiliary condenser 2-2 after passing through the first electromagnetic valve 16-1 and the second electromagnetic valve 16-2 respectively, condensation heat is released to form high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant liquid, the two paths of refrigerant liquid are converged and then enter the one path of throttling valve 3-1 through the third electromagnetic valve 16-3, the refrigerant liquid is cooled and depressurized through the throttling function to form low-temperature and low-pressure liquid under the action of the one path of throttling valve 3-1, then the refrigerant liquid enters the evaporator 4 to be evaporated, the refrigerant liquid is heated to form low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas, the.
Coolant loop in prefreezing stage: under the action of evaporation and heat absorption of the refrigerating medium, the secondary refrigerating medium is cooled in the evaporator 4 and enters the cold oil tank 7 to absorb heat under the driving of the cold box pump 11, and after the heat is increased, the secondary refrigerating medium returns to the evaporator 4 to release heat under the action of the cold box pump 11, so that the cold quantity is moved. The coolant absorbing heat in the main condenser 2-1 enters the hot oil tank 8 to release heat under the action of the hot tank pump 10, the coolant absorbing heat returns to the main condenser 2-1 to absorb heat to realize heat transfer, and the first electromagnetic valve 16-1 is closed after the temperature in the hot oil tank 8 reaches a pre-freezing stage temperature set value (which is set according to the type of materials to be dried and is generally between-30 ℃ and-40 ℃).
Oil circuit return circuit at the prefreezing stage: the temperature of the oil in the cold oil tank 7 is reduced after the heat absorption of the secondary refrigerant, and the cold oil enters the drying box 6 to exchange heat with the environment in the box through the lower left valve port of the third three-way valve 17-3, the oil pump 12 and the upper right valve port of the fourth three-way valve 17-4 under the drive of the oil pump 12, so that the temperature in the drying box 6 is reduced, and the pre-freezing of the materials is realized. The oil with the increased temperature returns to the cold oil tank 7 through the upper right valve port of the second electromagnetic valve 17-2 and the lower left valve port of the first electromagnetic valve 17-1, and the heat is taken away by the coolant circulation to complete the oil circuit circulation.
2) The sublimation drying stage needs to be vacuumized, and the temperature is properly raised in a low-temperature environment, and after the temperature is raised to the set temperature (5-10 ℃ lower than the eutectic point of the materials) in the sublimation drying stage, the mixed quantity of cold oil and hot oil is switched and sent into the drying box 6 to keep the temperature at the set temperature in the sublimation drying stage, so that the sublimation drying stage is divided into two stages of heating and keeping the temperature constant.
In the heating-up and heating stage of the sublimation drying stage, a first electromagnetic valve 16-1, a third electromagnetic valve 16-3, a fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4, a box trap valve 15, a hot box pump 10, a cold box pump 11, an oil pump 12, a vacuum pump 13 and a refrigeration compressor 1 are started. The second solenoid valve 16-2 and the water intake valve 18 are closed. In the three-way valves, the left upper valve port of the second three-way valve 17-2 is communicated, the lower valve port is closed, the right upper valve port of the fourth three-way valve 17-4 is communicated, the lower valve port is closed, the right lower valve port of the first three-way valve 17-1 is communicated, and the right lower valve port of the third three-way valve 17-3 is communicated. The switch of the heater 9 depends on the temperature of the drying oven 6 and the time of the right lower connection of the third three-way valve 17-3, if the temperature of the drying oven 6 does not reach the set temperature of the sublimation drying stage after the right lower connection time of the third three-way valve 17-3 exceeds 10min, the heat is insufficient, and the heater 9 is switched on at the moment. If the temperature of the hot oil tank 8 is continuously increased in the heating and warming process, which indicates that the drying tank 6 needs less heat and the condensation heat release is greater than the actual demand, the second electromagnetic valve 16-2 is opened at the moment, and the refrigerant radiates heat outwards through the auxiliary condenser 2-2.
When the vacuum drying device operates, the vacuum pump 13 firstly works to pump the cold trap 5 to a certain vacuum degree (the set value of the vacuum degree depends on the type of the materials to be dried and is in the range of 20-200 Pa).
Refrigerant circuit of the heating up phase of the sublimation drying phase: high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant vapor output by a refrigeration compressor 1 enters a main condenser 2-1 through a first electromagnetic valve 16-1, is condensed and releases heat in the main condenser 2-1 to form high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant liquid, is divided into two paths, enters a path of throttling valve 3-1 and a path of throttling valve 3-2 through a third electromagnetic valve 16-3 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4 respectively, is subjected to throttling action, is cooled and depressurized to form low-temperature and low-pressure liquid under the action of the path of throttling valve 3-1, enters an evaporator 4 to perform evaporation action, and becomes low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant gas after absorbing heat in the evaporation process; under the action of the two-way throttle valve 3-2, the refrigerant liquid is subjected to temperature reduction and pressure reduction through the throttling action to be changed into low-temperature low-pressure liquid, and the low-temperature low-pressure liquid enters the refrigeration coil 5-1 of the cold trap 5 to exchange heat to be changed into low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant gas. The two paths of refrigerant gas are converged and enter the suction pipe section to enter the refrigeration compressor 1, and the refrigerant circulation process is completed. In the heating and temperature rising process, the temperature of the hot oil tank 8 continuously rises, which indicates that the heat demand of the drying box 6 is less, the condensation heat release is greater than the actual demand, at this time, the second electromagnetic valve 16-2 is opened, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant steam output by the refrigeration compressor 1 enters the auxiliary condenser 2-2 after passing through the second electromagnetic valve 16-2, and the condensation heat release is changed into high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant liquid which is mixed with the liquid outlet of the main condenser 2-1 and then passes through the third electromagnetic valve 16-3.
A secondary refrigerant loop of a heating-up and heating stage of the sublimation drying stage: under the action of evaporation and heat absorption of the refrigerant, the secondary refrigerant in the evaporator 4 is cooled, enters the cold oil tank 7 through the conveying of the cold box pump 11 to absorb heat, and the secondary refrigerant with increased heat returns to the evaporator 4 to release heat under the action of the cold box pump 11, so that cold capacity transfer is realized. The secondary refrigerant absorbing heat in the main condenser 2-1 enters the hot oil tank to release heat under the action of the hot tank pump 10, and the secondary refrigerant absorbing heat returns to the main condenser 2-1 to absorb heat, so that heat transfer is realized.
Oil circuit return circuit in the heating up stage of sublimation drying stage:
hot oil in the hot oil tank 8 enters the oil pump 12 through the lower right valve port of the third three-way valve 17-3 under the drive of the oil pump 12, flows into the drying box 6 through the upper right valve port of the fourth three-way valve 17-4 to increase the temperature of the drying material, flows back to the hot oil tank 8 from the lower right valve port of the first three-way valve 17-1 after passing through the upper left valve port of the second three-way valve 17-2, and continues the circulation process.
In the constant temperature maintaining stage of the sublimation drying stage, when the temperature of the drying box 6 is lower than the set temperature of the sublimation drying stage, the third three-way valve 17-3 is adjusted, the amount of cold oil entering the left side is reduced, and the amount of hot oil entering the right side is increased. When the temperature of the drying box 6 is higher than the set temperature in the sublimation drying stage, the third three-way valve 17-3 is adjusted to increase the amount of cold oil entering the left side and reduce the amount of hot oil entering the right side. When the temperature of the drying box 6 is the set temperature of the sublimation drying stage, the opening degree of the third three-way valve 17-3 is kept unchanged. In operation, if the temperature of the drying box 6 is lower than the set temperature in the sublimation drying stage, and the total opening time of the right lower valve of the third three-way valve 17-1 is too long (more than 10 min), which indicates that the heating amount of hot oil is insufficient, the heater 9 needs to be turned on at this time, otherwise, the heater 9 is turned off. During the adjustment process, the flow rates of cold and hot oil flowing in and out of the first three-way valve 17-1 and the third three-way valve 17-3 are matched.
3) In the analysis and drying stage, the material is further heated under vacuum condition and kept at a certain temperature to separate out the bound water in the material. The desorption drying stage comprises two stages of heating at an elevated temperature and keeping the temperature constant. In the temperature-rising heating stage and the temperature-keeping constant stage of the analysis drying stage, the opening and closing states of the valve and the pump are the same as those of the temperature-rising heating stage and the temperature-keeping constant stage of the sublimation drying stage. The difference lies in that: the set temperature of the sublimation drying stage is different from the set temperature of the analysis drying stage, the specific value depends on the type of the material to be dried, and the set temperature of the analysis drying stage is more than 30 ℃ and can reach 100 ℃ at most.
In the two stages, the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerating medium circuit and the oil circuit flow as in the sublimation drying stage.
4) In the defrosting stage, the frost condensed in the cold trap is melted and collected by using the water collection tank 14.
The first electromagnetic valve 16-1, the second electromagnetic valve 16-2, the third electromagnetic valve 16-3, the fourth electromagnetic valve 16-4 and the tank trap valve 15 are closed, the refrigeration compressor 1, the hot tank pump 10, the cold tank pump 11 and the vacuum pump 13 are stopped, the water taking valve 18 is opened, and the heater 9 and the oil pump 12 are opened. In the three-way valves, a first three-way valve 17-1 is communicated with a right lower valve port, a left valve port is closed, a second three-way valve 17-2 is communicated with an upper valve port and a lower valve port, a left valve port is closed, a third three-way valve 17-3 is communicated with a right lower valve port, a left valve port is closed, a fourth three-way valve 17-4 is communicated with an upper valve port and a lower valve port, and a right valve.
After the water intake valve 18 is opened, the pressure in the cold trap 5 is restored to atmospheric pressure, oil in the hot oil tank 8 is driven by the oil pump 12, is heated by the heater 9, flows through the lower right valve port of the third three-way valve 17-3, passes through the oil pump 12, flows through the upper and lower valve ports of the fourth three-way valve 17-4 to flow into the defrosting coil 5-2 of the cold trap 5, so that the temperature in the cold trap 5 is increased, the surface frost on the refrigerating coil 5-1 is melted, and the oil with the decreased temperature flows through the upper and lower valve ports of the second three-way valve 17-2 and the lower and right valve port of the first three-way valve 17-1 to flow back to the hot oil tank 8, thereby completing the. The water generated by the defrosting flows into the water collecting tank 14 to be collected through the water taking valve 18 at the bottom of the cold trap 5.
The main condenser 2-1 can also adopt a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger and other liquid-liquid heat exchangers.
The evaporator 4 can also adopt a plate heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, a double-pipe heat exchanger and other liquid-liquid heat exchangers.
The above-mentioned fluid medium oil can be substituted by other medium, such as glycol solution, etc.
It should be understood that parts of the specification not set forth in detail are well within the prior art. The above embodiments are only intended to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A novel freeze dryer for recycling defrosting water by using residual heat is characterized by comprising four parts, namely a refrigeration system, a cold and heat collecting system, a vacuum pumping system and a defrosting system, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a refrigeration compressor (1), a main condenser (2-1), an auxiliary condenser (2-2), a one-way throttle valve (3-1), a two-way throttle valve (3-2), an evaporator (4), a cold trap (5), a refrigeration coil (5-1), a first electromagnetic valve (16-1), a second electromagnetic valve (16-2), a third electromagnetic valve (16-3) and a fourth electromagnetic valve (16-4); the cold and heat collection system comprises a heat collection system consisting of a main condenser (2-1), a hot oil tank (8) and a hot tank pump (10) and a cold collection system consisting of an evaporator (4), a cold tank pump (11) and a cold oil tank (7); the vacuum pumping system comprises a drying box (6), a cold trap (5), a box trap valve (15) and a vacuum pump (13); the defrosting system comprises an electric heater (9), an oil pump (12), a water collecting tank (14), a first three-way valve (17-1), a second three-way valve (17-2), a third three-way valve (17-3), a fourth three-way valve (17-4), a defrosting coil pipe (5-2) and a water taking valve (18);
the refrigerating coil (5-1) and the defrosting coil (5-2) are arranged in the cold trap (5);
an outlet of the refrigeration compressor (1) is connected with an inlet of a first electromagnetic valve (16-1), an outlet of the first electromagnetic valve (16-1) is connected with an inlet of one path of the main condenser (2-1), an outlet of one path of the main condenser (2-1) is connected with an inlet of a third electromagnetic valve (16-3), an outlet of the third electromagnetic valve (16-3) is connected with an inlet of one path of the throttling valve (3-1), an outlet of one path of the throttling valve (3-1) is connected with an inlet of the evaporator (4), and an outlet of the evaporator (4) is connected with an inlet of the refrigeration compressor (1); an inlet of the second electromagnetic valve (16-2) is connected with an inlet of the first electromagnetic valve (16-1), an outlet of the second electromagnetic valve (16-2) is connected with an inlet of the auxiliary condenser (2-2), and an outlet of the auxiliary condenser (2-2) is connected with one path of outlet of the main condenser (2-1); an inlet of a fourth electromagnetic valve (16-4) is connected with an inlet of a third electromagnetic valve (16-3), an outlet of the fourth electromagnetic valve (16-4) is connected with an inlet of a two-way throttle valve (3-2), an outlet of the two-way throttle valve (3-2) is connected with an inlet of a refrigeration coil (5-1) of a cold trap (5), and an outlet of the refrigeration coil (5-1) of the cold trap (5) is connected with an outlet of one way of an evaporator (4);
one path of outlet of the hot oil tank (8) is connected with two paths of inlets of the main condenser (2-1), two paths of outlets of the main condenser (2-1) are connected with an inlet of the hot tank pump (10), and an outlet of the hot tank pump (10) is connected with one path of inlet of the hot oil tank (8);
one path of outlet of the cold oil tank (7) is connected with two paths of inlets of the evaporator (4), two paths of outlets of the evaporator (4) are connected with an inlet of a cold tank pump (11), and an outlet of the cold tank pump (11) is connected with one path of inlet of the cold oil tank (7);
the right valve port of the first three-way valve (17-1) is connected with the two-way inlet of the hot oil tank (8), the left valve port of the first three-way valve is connected with the two-way inlet of the cold oil tank (7), the lower valve port of the first three-way valve (17-1) is connected with the upper valve port of the second three-way valve (17-2), the left valve port of the second three-way valve (17-2) is connected with the right outlet of the drying box (6), the lower valve port of the second three-way valve (17-2) is connected with the outlet of the defrosting coil (5-2) of the cold trap (5), the left valve port of the third three-way valve (17-3) is connected with the two-way outlet of the cold oil tank (7), the right valve port of the third three-way valve (17-3) is connected with the outlet of the heater (9), the inlet of the heater (9) is connected with the two-way outlet of the hot oil tank (8, the outlet of the oil pump (12) is connected with the upper valve port of a fourth three-way valve (17-4), the right valve port of the fourth three-way valve (17-4) is connected with the left inlet of the drying box (6), and the lower valve port of the fourth three-way valve (17-4) is connected with the inlet of the defrosting coil (5-2) of the cold trap (5);
an inlet at the upper side of the cold trap (5) is connected with an outlet of a tank trap valve (15), and an inlet of the tank trap valve (15) is connected with an outlet at the lower side of the drying tank (6); the right outlet of the cold trap (5) is connected with the inlet of a vacuum pump (13), and the outlet of the vacuum pump (13) is communicated with the outside; the lower outlet of the cold trap (5) is communicated with the inlet of the water collecting tank (14) through a water taking valve (18).
2. The new-type freeze dryer for recovering defrosted water by using residual heat according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration coil (5-1) and the defrosted coil (5-2) are respectively arranged at two sides in the cold trap (5).
3. The new-type freeze dryer for recovering defrosted water by using residual heat according to claim 1, wherein the main condenser (2-1) is a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a double-tube heat exchanger.
4. The new freeze dryer for recovering defrosted water by using residual heat according to claim 1, wherein the evaporator (4) is a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a double-tube heat exchanger.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020833057.0U CN212253381U (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202020833057.0U CN212253381U (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2020-05-19 | Novel freeze dryer for recovering defrosting water by using residual heat |
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| CN212253381U true CN212253381U (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111536762A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-14 | 烟台大学 | Novel freeze dryer for recycling defrosting water by using residual heat and operation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111536762A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-08-14 | 烟台大学 | Novel freeze dryer for recycling defrosting water by using residual heat and operation method thereof |
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