CN212230532U - Fuel cell low-temperature quick cold start system and vehicle - Google Patents
Fuel cell low-temperature quick cold start system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN212230532U CN212230532U CN202021443410.0U CN202021443410U CN212230532U CN 212230532 U CN212230532 U CN 212230532U CN 202021443410 U CN202021443410 U CN 202021443410U CN 212230532 U CN212230532 U CN 212230532U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a fuel cell vehicle field, concretely relates to fuel cell low temperature quick cold start system and vehicle, including hydrogen inlet line and the air inlet line that is linked together with the galvanic pile, be provided with the branch road between air inlet line and the hydrogen inlet line, one side of branch road is linked together with the pipeline between air inlet line hollow press and the air intake throttle, the other side of branch road is linked together with the heat transfer chamber that sets up in the hydrogen inlet line, be provided with the branch road valve on the branch road; the cold hydrogen is preheated in the heat exchange cavity by utilizing the relatively high-temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor, so that the air and the hydrogen entering the electric pile are both at relatively high temperature; the problem of quick cold start of the fuel cell at low temperature or extremely low temperature is solved, the starting success rate is improved, and the starting time is shortened; and the cold purge time is reduced, the fuel cell system does not need to wait for shutdown after the vehicle is stopped, and the customer experience is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a fuel cell vehicle field, concretely relates to fuel cell low temperature quick cold start system and vehicle.
Background
At present, the electric power meeting the industrial scale production mainly comprises three types of thermal power, hydroelectric power and nuclear power, and the fuel cell power generation is gradually becoming the fourth type of electric power and is rising in developed countries such as the United states and the Japan. The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy into electric energy, has the advantages of high generating efficiency, low pollution, low noise and the like, and can be widely applied to various fields of automobiles, military affairs, power plants and the like.
However, in the current state of technology development, the fuel cell system has a certain technical problem due to its own working principle, especially when cold start is performed at low temperature, that is, when the working environment is lower than 0 ℃, water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is easy to freeze, which causes blockage of the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer, which hinders the electrochemical reaction, and the volume change caused by freezing water also causes damage to the internal structure of the fuel cell, which results in reduction of the reaction performance of the fuel cell.
The existing method for realizing quick low-temperature cold start mainly comprises the following steps: cold start and cold purge. How to realize the quick cold start under the low temperature environment is a crucial step of fuel cell development, the existing fuel cell low temperature cold start technology is mainly divided into external heating start and self-start, wherein the external heating is mainly solved by a PTC external heating method; more advanced fuel cell engines can achieve self-starting, but have cold start ambient temperature limitations; when the ambient temperature is too low, external heating is still needed for starting; in cold purging, namely in a low-temperature environment, water generated in the operation process needs to be purged out when the fuel cell system is closed, so that damage of freezing to the galvanic pile is reduced, the method is an indispensable step for low-temperature starting, and in order to reduce the risk of cold starting failure as much as possible, the cold purging time usually needs a long time.
The utility model publication No. CN105390715A discloses a low-temperature cold-start fuel cell system and a utilization method thereof, which accelerates the cold start of a fuel cell at a low temperature by a low-temperature cold-start heating device; although this method is more common, it takes a longer time, especially when the ambient temperature is too low, the stack is heated to the startup temperature for too long.
The utility model discloses a utility model with publication number CN203071170U discloses a fuel cell low temperature quick start system, its method is to how to realize quick low temperature self-starting, in the start-up process, will pass through the relative high temperature gas of pile and induce the air compressor machine front end through the branch road and utilize, this kind of method prerequisite is that the pile can successfully start, and the air through the pile has reacted and consumed partial oxygen, induces the air compressor machine front end again, has reduced into heap oxygen concentration, has increased the risk that cold start fails.
The utility model discloses a utility model patent with publication number CN209374567U discloses a fuel cell cold start-up system based on vortex tube heating, and its concrete scheme is for giving vent to anger the air compressor machine and leads directly the galvanic pile through the vortex chamber, is equipped with cold and hot pipe in the vortex chamber, controls the temperature of entering heap gas through cold and hot gas mixing. Although the method can improve the temperature of the gas entering the reactor, the temperature of the cold and hot fluid passing through the vortex chamber is difficult to control due to higher flow rate, and the temperature stabilizing time is longer; although the temperature of the gas entering the reactor can be raised to a certain degree, the startup of the electric reactor in a low-temperature environment is still not avoided, and certain failure risks exist.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the technical defects and technical drawbacks existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a fuel cell low-temperature quick cold start system and a vehicle, which overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, reduce the time of cold start of the fuel cell system, and realize the self-start of the fuel cell at very low temperature.
As an aspect of the embodiment of the utility model provides a fuel cell low temperature quick cold system of starting, include hydrogen inlet line and the air inlet line that is linked together with the pile, the air inlet line with be provided with the branch road between the hydrogen inlet line, one side of branch road with pipeline between air inlet line cavity press and the air intake air throttle is linked together, the opposite side of branch road with the heat transfer chamber that sets up in the hydrogen inlet line is linked together, be provided with the branch road valve on the branch road.
Further, the fuel cell low-temperature rapid cold start system further comprises an air or hydrogen exhaust pipeline connected with the electric pile, and the air or hydrogen exhaust pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor.
Further, the air inlet pipeline is provided with an intercooler, the intercooler is arranged between the air inlet throttle valve and the air compressor, and the branch is communicated with the air inlet pipeline of the intercooler.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a control device which is used for controlling the opening of the air inlet throttle valve and the branch valve and the starting of the electric pile according to the air temperature of the temperature sensor.
As a further aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle including the fuel cell low-temperature rapid cold start system according to any of the above embodiments.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a following technological effect has been realized at least:
the embodiment of the utility model preheats cold hydrogen in the heat exchange cavity by utilizing the relatively high temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor, so that the air and the hydrogen entering the galvanic pile are both at relatively high temperature; the problem of quick cold start of the fuel cell at low temperature or extremely low temperature is solved, the starting success rate is improved, and the starting time is shortened; additionally, through the utility model discloses the reducible cold time of sweeping of method for the driver need not waste time after the parking and waits for fuel cell system to shut down, has improved customer experience comfort level.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a pipeline connection of a low-temperature rapid cold start system of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a low-temperature rapid cold start method of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a specific flowchart of a low-temperature rapid cold start method for a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the drawings: 1. an air intake line; 11. an air compressor; 12. an inlet throttle valve; 13. an intercooler; 2. a hydrogen gas inlet line; 21. a heat exchange cavity; 3. a branch circuit; 31. a bypass valve; 4. a galvanic pile; 5. an air exhaust line; 6. purging the pipeline; 7. and a hydrogen gas exhaust pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
The drawings and the following description describe alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the invention. For the purpose of teaching the present invention, some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will fall within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.
In an embodiment, a low-temperature rapid cold start system of a fuel cell is provided, referring to fig. 1, including a hydrogen inlet pipeline 1 and an air inlet pipeline 2 communicated with a stack, a branch 3 is provided between the air inlet pipeline 1 and the hydrogen inlet pipeline 2, one side of the branch 3 is communicated with a pipeline between an air compressor 11 and an air inlet throttle 12 in the air inlet pipeline 1, the other side of the branch 3 is communicated with a heat exchange cavity 21 provided in the hydrogen inlet pipeline 2, and a branch valve 31 is provided on the branch 3.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange cavity is mainly a hydrogen heating cavity, and the hydrogen is heated by the relatively high temperature from the air compressor; after the engine is powered on and before the engine is started, the closing state of an air inlet throttle valve 12 of an air inlet pipeline is kept, and a branch valve 31 is opened; after the bypass valve 31 is fully opened, the air compressor 11 is turned on and hydrogen gas is introduced, and cold hydrogen gas is preheated in the heat exchange cavity 21 by using relatively high-temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor 11, so that the air and hydrogen entering the electric pile 4 are both relatively high-temperature. Wherein, the heat exchange cavity is a simple shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the structure is simple, and temperature control is not needed.
The embodiment solves the problem of quick cold start of the fuel cell at low temperature (including extremely low temperature less than or equal to minus 20 ℃) and shortens the starting time while improving the starting success rate; the cold purging time is shortened, and the no-load purging program is cancelled, so that a driver does not need to waste too much time to wait for the shutdown of the fuel cell system after parking, and the comfort level of customer experience is improved.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell low-temperature rapid cold start system further comprises an air or hydrogen exhaust pipeline connected with the electric stack, and the air or hydrogen exhaust pipeline is provided with a temperature sensor.
In the embodiment, high-temperature air and hydrogen are introduced into the electric pile to heat the electric pile, a temperature sensor is arranged at the air outlet position of the air exhaust pipeline 5, when the temperature is more than or equal to a preset temperature value (-30-80 ℃), the electric pile is opened, after the cold start is successful, the air inlet throttle valve 3 is opened, and the branch valve 4 is closed; or, a temperature sensor can be arranged at the position of the hydrogen exhaust pipeline 7, and when a certain temperature is reached, the electric pile can be started. The starting time is judged according to the temperature of the exhaust gas in the galvanic pile, the temperature in the battery can reach a certain value, and the success rate and the efficiency of cold starting are ensured.
In one embodiment, the air intake line 1 is provided with an intercooler 13, the intercooler 13 is arranged between the intake throttle 12 and the air compressor 11, and the branch 3 communicates with the intake line of the intercooler 13.
In this embodiment, intake air throttle 12 sets up at intercooler 13, and the effectual control gets into the temperature of galvanic pile, and can guarantee at the opening in-process of intake air throttle 12, and cooling air can flow into the galvanic pile fast, accelerated start time.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell low-temperature rapid cold start system further comprises a purging pipeline 6 communicated with the heat exchange cavity 21, and a purging device and a hydrogen circulating pump are arranged on the purging pipeline 6.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a control device for controlling the opening of the intake damper, the bypass valve and the start-up of the stack according to the air temperature of the temperature sensor.
In this embodiment, after the fuel cell is operated, cold purging is performed, the purging mode is on-load purging, the time may be set to T1, and T1 may be 2 minutes, which may be adjusted as needed. In this embodiment, no idle purge is required, and the entire purge time is reduced, thereby realizing the self-start of the rapid cold start. For example: in normal cold start, in order to blow the ice-free air as clean as possible, the time of the belt load-out sweeping and the no-load sweeping is at least 4 min. Through this embodiment system, can only carry out the on-load and sweep, the time only needs 2min, reduces half the time of sweeping, can guarantee cold start efficiency, reduces driver latency.
Based on same utility model conceive, the embodiment of the utility model provides a fuel cell low temperature quick cold method of starting is still provided, because a fuel cell low temperature quick cold principle of starting the method solution problem is similar with a fuel cell low temperature quick cold system of starting of aforementioned embodiment, consequently the implementation of this embodiment can refer to the implementation of aforementioned fuel cell low temperature quick cold system of starting, and repeated part is no longer repeated.
As another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a low-temperature rapid cold start method for a fuel cell, as shown in fig. 2, the low-temperature rapid cold start method for a fuel cell includes:
s11, introducing high-temperature gas passing through the air compressor into the heat exchange cavity, mixing the high-temperature gas with hydrogen, and introducing the mixture into the electric pile;
s12 determines whether to turn on the stack based on the temperature of the air discharged from the stack.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
when preparing to start the electric pile, closing an air inlet throttle valve and opening a branch valve;
monitoring the air temperature of the air outlet pipeline;
when the air temperature reaches a preset temperature value, the electric pile is started, the air inlet throttle valve is opened, and the branch valve is closed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
s21, electrifying the fuel cell system to prepare for starting the electric pile;
s22, closing the air inlet throttle valve and opening the branch valve;
s23, starting an air compressor, and introducing high-temperature gas mixed by hydrogen and air into the galvanic pile;
s24, monitoring the air temperature of the air outlet pipeline;
s25, judging whether the temperature of the discharged air reaches a preset temperature value, if so, turning to S26; if not, go to S24;
s26, opening an air inlet throttle valve, closing a branch valve, and starting a galvanic pile;
and S27, after the operation is finished, the machine is shut down, and the machine is purged with load T1.
The embodiment can not control the temperature, reduces the structural architecture of the temperature control system, the complexity and the cost of control, and can be started when the temperature of the air entering and exiting the reactor reaches the preset temperature. For example, a system at-10 ℃ may ensure successful start-up. When the temperature of the reactor is at minus 30 ℃ for cold start, the temperature of the reactor is monitored to reach minus 10 ℃ by the implementation method, namely the temperature of the reactor is considered to be at minus 10 ℃, and then the cold start can be carried out.
By the method, the empty gas entering the reactor and the hydrogen gas are ensured to be relatively high-temperature gas; through the heat exchange cavity 21, the high-temperature air at the outlet of the air compressor 11 is used for heating the hydrogen, so that the temperature of the gas entering the reactor is ensured to be certain, and compared with a system without hydrogen preheating, the self-starting success probability of the system is effectively improved; when the temperature of the electric pile reaches the preset temperature, the electric pile can be automatically started.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, after the fuel cell operation is completed, the fuel cell is controlled to operate with load, and after the stack is purged with load for a preset time, the stack is closed.
In order to avoid icing, the purging time is increased as much as possible by a common air ice melting method, purging is guaranteed to be clean, the purging time can be shortened by preheating high-temperature gas before starting, even if purging is not performed, the ice melting effect before starting can be achieved through preheating, and the starting can be smoothly carried out.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: the preset temperature value is set according to the temperature environment, when the temperature reaches the preset temperature value, the electric pile is automatically started, and the preset time value is-30-80 ℃. The preset temperature value can be-30 deg.C, -20 deg.C, -10 deg.C, 0 deg.C, 10 deg.C, etc., and can be regulated and set according to the performance of the pile system and its applicable environment, or can be automatically regulated according to the environmental temperature and humidity.
In one embodiment, the preset time is set to a fixed value, or the preset time is set according to the humidity of the fuel cell.
In the prior art, when the environmental temperature is less than or equal to minus 20 ℃, the PTC external heating is basically started, and by the method of the embodiment, the temperature of the electric pile can be warmed up to the preset temperature (different environmental temperatures can be calibrated to different preset self-starting temperatures), and then the self-starting is carried out, so that the self-starting of the fuel cell at the extremely low temperature is realized. The implementation method can realize the quick self-starting of the system when the environmental temperature is extremely low (less than or equal to-20 ℃), even at-30 ℃ and-40 ℃. The method provided by the embodiment utilizes high-temperature gas to warm up, and starts up after the temperature of the galvanic pile reaches the preset temperature, so that the purpose of quickly warming up is achieved.
Compared with the mode of controlling the temperature through the vortex tube, the method does not need a complex temperature control program, avoids the time consumption of waiting for the temperature to be stable, has a simple structure of the heat exchange cavity, ensures that the air and hydrogen gas entering the reactor are high-temperature gas with certain temperature, and can effectively improve the success probability of the self-starting of the system.
Based on same utility model conceive, the embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide a vehicle, because the principle of this vehicle solution problem is similar with the quick cold system of opening of a fuel cell low temperature of aforementioned embodiment, consequently the implementation of this embodiment can see the implementation of the quick cold system of opening of aforementioned fuel cell low temperature, and repeated part is no longer repeated.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle, the vehicle includes the fuel cell low temperature quick cold start system as described in any of the above embodiments.
The vehicle that this embodiment provided has and can realize quick cold start under low temperature environment, and sweeps the time weak point, need not carry out no-load and sweep, has avoided the waiting after the driver shuts down, improves user experience.
The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element does not by itself connote any ordinal number of the element or the order of one element in another, but are used merely to clearly distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the present invention should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: rather, the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The low-temperature quick cold start system of the fuel cell comprises a hydrogen inlet pipeline and an air inlet pipeline which are communicated with a galvanic pile, and is characterized in that a branch is arranged between the air inlet pipeline and the hydrogen inlet pipeline, one side of the branch is communicated with a pipeline between a hollow press and an air inlet throttle valve in the air inlet pipeline, the other side of the branch is communicated with a heat exchange cavity arranged in the hydrogen inlet pipeline, and a branch valve is arranged on the branch.
2. The system for low-temperature rapid cold start of a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising an air or hydrogen exhaust line connected to the stack, wherein the air or hydrogen exhaust line is provided with a temperature sensor.
3. The fuel cell low-temperature rapid cold start system according to claim 2, wherein the air intake line is provided with an intercooler, the intercooler is provided between the intake throttle valve and the air compressor, and the branch is communicated with the intake line of the intercooler.
4. The fuel cell low temperature rapid cold start system of claim 1, further comprising a control means for controlling the opening of the intake damper, the bypass valve and the start of the stack based on the air temperature of the temperature sensor.
5. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell and a fuel cell low temperature rapid cold start system according to any of claims 1 to 4.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113782787A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Air inlet system of molten carbonate fuel cell and control method |
| CN114023999A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-08 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell system with quick cold start function and start method thereof |
| CN114864993A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-05 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Integrated heat exchange device and proton exchange membrane fuel cell system |
| CN115224317A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method for managing fuel cell system, and storage medium |
| CN116706148A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cold start system |
| CN115224317B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2024-07-09 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Management method for fuel cell system, and storage medium |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115224317A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method for managing fuel cell system, and storage medium |
| CN115224317B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2024-07-09 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Management method for fuel cell system, and storage medium |
| CN113782787A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-12-10 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Air inlet system of molten carbonate fuel cell and control method |
| CN113782787B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-09-08 | 华能国际电力股份有限公司 | Control method of air inlet system of molten carbonate fuel cell |
| CN114023999A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-02-08 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell system with quick cold start function and start method thereof |
| CN114023999B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-08-29 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell system with rapid cold start function and start method thereof |
| CN114864993A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-05 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Integrated heat exchange device and proton exchange membrane fuel cell system |
| CN116706148A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell cold start system |
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