CN115224317A - Method for managing fuel cell system, and storage medium - Google Patents
Method for managing fuel cell system, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN115224317A CN115224317A CN202110604016.3A CN202110604016A CN115224317A CN 115224317 A CN115224317 A CN 115224317A CN 202110604016 A CN202110604016 A CN 202110604016A CN 115224317 A CN115224317 A CN 115224317A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035485 pulse pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a management method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and a storage medium, wherein the management method of the fuel cell system comprises the following steps: after a starting instruction of a fuel cell system is received, judging whether the initial temperature of a fuel cell stack is higher than a self-starting temperature threshold value; if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold value, performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the output current and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack; and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is not higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, starting a fuel cell heating device to heat the fuel cell system. Through the method, the startup and shutdown time of the fuel cell system can be shortened, the problem that the purging and dewatering are excessive or insufficient in the startup and shutdown process is avoided, and the dewatering efficiency is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell technologies, and in particular, to a method for managing a fuel cell system, and a storage medium.
Background
Under low temperature environment, hydrogen in the fuel cell pile and oxygen water that generates after electrochemical reaction will solidify into ice, lead to the mass transfer process to be obstructed, and gas distribution is uneven, reduces catalysis layer activity, if not in time sweep the water that fuel cell pile reaction generated outside the pipeline, will seriously influence fuel cell performance, lead to the damage that unable resumeents such as membrane perforation even.
In the prior art, dry gas in a fuel cell system loop is generally utilized to take out generated water, the water removal mode is simple to realize, no additional device is needed, and the water removal speed is high. However, in a low-temperature environment below 0 ℃, the starting current of the fuel cell stack is relatively small, the heat generation of the fuel cell stack is insufficient, and if the initial water content is too high, the risk of starting failure exists, and the performance of the fuel cell stack is influenced. In order to solve the problem, a large-flow purging mode is usually adopted for long-time purging in the startup and shutdown process in a low-temperature environment, or a device is added for heating gas. However, the above scheme uses excessive hydrogen, so that hydrogen consumption is increased, the energy consumption of the air compressor is increased, endurance is not facilitated, and the improvement of the dewatering effect is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a management method of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and a storage medium, which can shorten the startup and shutdown time of the fuel cell system, avoid the problem of excessive or insufficient purging dewatering in the startup and shutdown process and obviously improve the dewatering efficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a management method of a fuel cell system, including:
after a starting instruction of a fuel cell system is received, judging whether the initial temperature of a fuel cell stack is higher than a self-starting temperature threshold value;
if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the output current and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack; and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is not higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, starting a fuel cell heating device to heat the fuel cell system.
Further, the pulse purging of the fuel cell system according to the output current of the fuel cell stack and the real-time temperature comprises:
determining a first pulse purging parameter according to the output current of the fuel cell system;
adjusting the first pulse purging parameter according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a second pulse purging parameter;
and performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the second pulse purging parameter.
Further, the change in the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack is inversely proportional to the change in the first pulse purge parameter.
Further, the step of performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the output current of the fuel cell stack and the real-time temperature further comprises:
determining corresponding load current according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack after the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage;
and carrying out load-carrying on the fuel cell system according to the load-carrying current.
Further, the determining the corresponding load current according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack includes:
dividing the temperature of the fuel cell stack into N intervals;
determining a temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack is located;
and determining corresponding load current according to the temperature interval, wherein the temperature interval is in direct proportion to the load current.
Further, the pulling the fuel cell system according to the pull-in current further includes:
and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, stopping the water pump from operating within a preset time period.
Further, the method further comprises:
after a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell system is received, determining the purging duration according to the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell stack;
determining a third pulse purging parameter according to the output current of the fuel cell stack;
adjusting the third pulse purging parameter according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a fourth pulse purging parameter;
and performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the purging duration and the fourth pulse purging parameter.
The application also provides a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a thermal management module and a control module;
the thermal management module is used for detecting and regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the control module, including at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processor, when executed by the at least one processor, performs the method of managing a fuel cell system as described above.
The present application further provides a storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of managing a fuel cell system as described above.
The management method of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and the storage medium can shorten the startup and shutdown time of the fuel cell system, avoid the problem of excessive or insufficient purging dewatering in the startup and shutdown process, and remarkably improve dewatering efficiency.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present application, and in order to make the technical means of the present application more clearly understood, the present application may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a management method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart illustrating a management method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are provided to illustrate the present disclosure, and other advantages and effects will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure.
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that describe several embodiments of the application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that mechanical, structural, electrical, and operational changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present application is defined only by the appended claims. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.
Although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements in some instances, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
Also, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, items, species, and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence, or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, species, and/or groups thereof. The terms "or" and/or "as used herein are to be construed as inclusive or meaning any one or any combination. Thus, "a, B or C" or "a, B and/or C" means "any of the following: a; b; c; a and B; a and C; b and C; A. b and C ". An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or operations are inherently mutually exclusive in some way.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart schematically showing a management method of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a management method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
step 201: after a starting instruction of a fuel cell system is received, judging whether the initial temperature of a fuel cell stack is higher than a self-starting temperature threshold value;
step 202: if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold value, performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the output current and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack; and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is not higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, starting a fuel cell heating device to heat the fuel cell system.
In one embodiment, the first pulse parameters of the fuel cell stack are calibrated, including the purge pressure, frequency and duty cycle of the hydrogen and air circuits. When the fuel cell system consumes hydrogen in the reaction process, the hydrogen is continuously reduced, nitrogen and water in the air can permeate into the hydrogen side to cause the purity of the hydrogen to be reduced, and the nitrogen permeating into the air side and the water in the air loop caused by the consumption of the hydrogen in the hydrogen loop are discharged through the regular power-on opening of the hydrogen discharge valve and the drain valve. Because the water yield of the fuel cell stack increases along with the increase of the output current, pulse purging parameters such as purging pressure, frequency, duty ratio and the like of a hydrogen loop and an air loop in the fuel cell system can be calibrated through early-stage tests and obtained by looking up a table according to the output current of the fuel cell system, so that the pulse purging process not only ensures the success of cold start of the system, but also meets the hydrogen concentration discharge standard. The larger the output current, the larger the purge pressure, pulse frequency and duty cycle. Here, the Duty Ratio (Duty Ratio) is a Ratio of the energization time of the hydrogen discharge valve and the water discharge valve with respect to the total time in one pulse cycle. The first pulse purging parameter is used for performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system, so that the water content in the fuel cell stack can be controlled, and the problem of excessive purging or insufficient purging is solved.
In one embodiment, the first pulse purging parameter is adjusted according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a second pulse parameter, and the fuel cell system is subjected to pulse purging according to the second pulse purging parameter. The fuel cell stack temperature may be obtained by measuring a fuel cell stack coolant temperature with a temperature sensor. And then, adjusting the first pulse purging parameter according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a second pulse parameter. The temperature of the fuel cell stack is inversely proportional to the pulse purging parameter, and the higher the temperature of the stack is, the less the water content is, and the pulse frequency and the duty ratio need to be properly reduced; conversely, the lower the temperature of the stack, the higher the water content, and the pulse frequency and duty ratio need to be increased appropriately.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell system is started up in a low temperature environment, and the starting temperature of the fuel cell stack is obtained. After a starting instruction of the fuel cell system is received, the relation between the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack and the self-starting temperature threshold is judged.
And if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is not higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, starting a fuel cell heating device to heat the fuel cell system. For example, when the temperature is detected to be lower than-30 ℃, the heating device is started, and the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased through water circuit circulation.
If the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold value, the fuel cell system is subjected to pulse purging according to the second pulse purging parameter, water is removed by utilizing pressure difference, and compared with a purging mode with constant pressure, the pulse purging can not only ensure the water removal efficiency, but also reduce energy consumption and hydrogen consumption, and simultaneously shortens the purging time.
In one embodiment, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches the self-starting temperature threshold and the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset voltage, the corresponding load current is determined according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell system is loaded according to the load current. Specifically, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is divided into N intervals, different stack load currents are defined in each temperature interval according to different power consumption capacities of other components, for example, in the application of a whole vehicle, the load current of a fuel cell system is defined mainly according to the charging capacity of a power cell, and on the premise that the initial SOC is in a balance interval, the higher the temperature is, the larger the chargeable power of the power cell is, the higher the fuel cell loadable current is, and the faster the temperature rise speed is. And determining a temperature interval in which the current temperature of the fuel cell stack is, and determining corresponding load current according to the temperature interval, wherein the temperature interval is in direct proportion to the load current. Therefore, different temperature intervals are divided for the temperature of the fuel cell stack and gradient load is carried out, and the cold start process is accelerated.
In one embodiment, after the fuel cell system is started according to the load current, if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, the water pump operation is stopped within a preset time period. When the load is pulled, the water pump stops running, so that the heat energy of the water pump is increased rapidly, the stalling time is determined according to different fuel cell galvanic piles, the water pump circulation is started immediately after the preset time period is reached, and the uneven temperature caused by the long-time stalling of the water pump is avoided. The water pump stalling strategy of the embodiment can reasonably adjust the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
In one embodiment, the fuel cell system is shut down in a low-temperature environment, after a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell system is received, a calibrated third pulse purging parameter is determined according to a table look-up of an output current of the fuel cell stack, and the third pulse purging parameter is adjusted according to a real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a fourth pulse purging parameter. And performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the fourth pulse purging parameter. And determining the purging duration according to the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell stack, and performing pulse purging according to the purging duration.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, T Stack represents the fuel cell Stack temperature; t _ Su represents a self-starting temperature threshold; t Run represents a system operating temperature threshold. When the cold start is started, whether the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than a self-starting temperature threshold value or not is detected through a temperature sensor, if not, a heating device such as a heater and a water pump is started, and the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased through water path circulation.
When the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches a self-starting temperature threshold value, pulse purging is carried out on a hydrogen loop and an air loop of the fuel cell management system, because the water yield of the fuel cell stack increases along with the increase of output current, purging pressure, frequency and duty ratio of the hydrogen loop and the air loop need to be checked according to the current, the larger the output current is, the larger the purging pressure, frequency and duty ratio is, and the pulse frequency and duty ratio are also corrected in real time through the temperature of cooling liquid of the fuel cell stack. The pulse type purging can realize the remarkable improvement of the water removal efficiency, and the pulse purging duration is controlled through the ohmic internal resistance, so that the water content of the fuel cell stack is controlled, and the excessive purging or insufficient purging is avoided.
And after the pulse purging is finished, starting to pull and load the fuel cell system. If the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, the water pump stops running in a preset time period during load pulling, so that the heat energy of the water pump is increased rapidly, the stop time is determined according to different fuel cell stacks, and the water pump is started to circulate immediately after the preset time period is reached, so that the internal performance is prevented from being influenced by uneven temperature caused by long-time stop. When the load is pulled, the temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid is divided into N intervals, different stack load current is defined in each temperature interval according to different power consumption capacities of other components, and gradient load pulling is carried out.
And when the temperature of the fuel cell stack reaches a normal operation threshold value, ending the cold start.
When cold shutdown is started, after a shutdown command is received, the water content of the fuel cell stack at the moment, namely the ohm internal resistance, is calculated. And determining the pulse purging duration according to the ohmic internal resistance. The pulse purging parameters such as purging pressure, pulse period, duty ratio, pulse frequency and the like are looked up according to the output current of the fuel cell stack, and the larger the output current is, the larger the purging pressure, the pulse frequency and the duty ratio are. Meanwhile, pulse purging parameters are corrected in real time according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack cooling liquid, the lower the temperature is, the more purging times and duration are, and the duration of the next cold start is shortened by reducing the initial water content of the start.
Through the method, the startup and shutdown time of the fuel cell system can be shortened, the problem that the purging and dewatering are excessive or insufficient in the startup and shutdown process is avoided, and the dewatering efficiency is remarkably improved.
Second embodiment
The invention provides a fuel cell system which comprises a fuel cell stack, a thermal management module and a control module. The thermal management module is used for detecting and regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack; a control module comprising at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the control module performing the method of managing a fuel cell system of the above-described embodiments when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the fuel cell system includes a hydrogen circuit, an air circuit, a thermal management module, and a fuel cell stack 9. The hydrogen loop comprises a water-gas separator 5, a hydrogen spraying and refluxing device 6, an exhaust valve 7 and a drain valve 8. The air circuit comprises an air filtering device 1, an air compressor 2, valve components 3 such as a bypass valve, a back pressure valve and the like, and a humidifier 4. The thermal management module comprises a heating device 10, a water pump 11, a cooling fan 12, a particle filter 13, a mixing chamber 14 and temperature sensors 15 and 16.
The temperature sensors 15 and 16 detect whether the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than a self-starting temperature threshold value, if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the self-starting temperature threshold value, the heating device 10 and the water pump 11 are started, the temperature of the fuel cell system is rapidly raised through water circulation, and if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold value, the pulse purging hydrogen loop and the air loop are started. The pulse pressure, the pulse frequency and the duty ratio are obtained by looking up a table through current, and are corrected through the temperature of the fuel cell stack acquired in real time. And after purging is finished, the load current is pulled, the water pump is stopped within a preset time period of the initial stage, and the low current load is pulled, so that the heat energy of the water pump is increased rapidly. The water pump stalling time needs to be determined according to different fuel cell electric piles, and water pump circulation is started immediately after a preset time period is reached, so that the internal performance is prevented from being influenced by temperature unevenness caused by long-time stalling.
The temperature of the fuel cell stack is divided into N intervals, and different stack load currents are defined in each temperature interval according to the load capacity of the fuel cell stack and different power consumption capacities of other components. And on the premise that the initial SOC is in a balance interval, the higher the temperature is, the larger the chargeable power of the power battery is, the larger the loadable current of the fuel battery is, the higher the temperature rise speed of the fuel battery stack is, and when the temperature of the fuel battery stack reaches an operation threshold value, the cold start is marked to be finished.
In the shutdown purging process, the hydrogen loop and the air loop adopt the pulse purging mode as well, and firstly, the water content, namely the ohmic internal resistance, at the moment before shutdown is obtained. And determining the pulse purging duration before shutdown according to the ohmic internal resistance. And then, determining the frequency and the duty ratio of the shutdown purging pulse according to a table look-up of the output current of the fuel cell stack, and correcting in real time according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack to reduce the initial water content of the startup.
The fuel cell system of the embodiment adopts pulse type purging, utilizes pressure difference to remove water, and simultaneously carries out gradient load pulling in different temperature intervals to accelerate the cold start process. The method comprises the steps of reading the water content before shutdown to determine pulse purging parameters, controlling the initial water content of the fuel cell stack during startup, combining the control of the thermal management module and the gas and water discharge valve to realize cold startup and cold shutdown at the environmental temperature below 0 ℃, shortening the startup and shutdown time, saving energy consumption and hydrogen consumption, reducing the initial water content of the fuel cell stack during startup, being beneficial to the temperature rise of the stack, and shortening the cold startup time.
The fuel cell management system of the present application can be applied to equipment equipped with a hydrogen fuel cell engine system, such as an automobile, a submarine, a rail vehicle, and the like, and can also be used alone as a generator.
The present application further provides a computer storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon; the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the management method of the fuel cell system as described above.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present application and are not intended to limit the application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concepts disclosed in the present application shall be covered by the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A management method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
after a starting instruction of a fuel cell system is received, judging whether the initial temperature of a fuel cell stack is higher than a self-starting temperature threshold value;
if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold value, performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the output current and the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack; and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is not higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, starting a fuel cell heating device to heat the fuel cell system.
2. The method of managing a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the pulse purging the fuel cell system according to the fuel cell stack output current and the real-time temperature includes:
determining a first pulse purging parameter according to an output current of the fuel cell system;
adjusting the first pulse purging parameter according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a second pulse purging parameter;
and performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the second pulse purging parameter.
3. The method of managing a fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the change in the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack is inversely proportional to the change in the first pulse purge parameter.
4. The method of managing a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the step of pulse-purging the fuel cell system in accordance with the fuel cell stack output current and the real-time temperature further comprises:
determining corresponding load current according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack after the voltage of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset voltage;
and carrying out load-carrying on the fuel cell system according to the load-carrying current.
5. The method for managing a fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the determining the corresponding load current according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack comprises:
dividing the temperature of the fuel cell stack into N intervals;
determining a temperature interval where the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack is located;
and determining corresponding load current according to the temperature interval, wherein the temperature interval is in direct proportion to the load current.
6. The method for managing a fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the step of pulling the fuel cell system in accordance with the pull-up current further comprises:
and if the initial temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the self-starting temperature threshold, stopping the water pump from operating within a preset time period.
7. The method of managing a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
after a shutdown instruction of the fuel cell system is received, determining the purging duration according to the ohmic resistance of the fuel cell stack;
determining a third pulse purging parameter according to the output current of the fuel cell stack;
adjusting the third pulse purging parameter according to the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack to obtain a fourth pulse purging parameter;
and performing pulse purging on the fuel cell system according to the purging duration and the fourth pulse purging parameter.
8. A fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a thermal management module, and a control module;
the thermal management module is used for detecting and regulating the temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the control module comprising at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions for execution by the at least one processor, the control module when executed by the at least one processor performing the method of managing a fuel cell system of any of claims 1 to 7.
9. A storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon; the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement a method of managing a fuel cell system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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