CN212128235U - System for laser nitriding metal surfaces - Google Patents
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- CN212128235U CN212128235U CN202020461251.0U CN202020461251U CN212128235U CN 212128235 U CN212128235 U CN 212128235U CN 202020461251 U CN202020461251 U CN 202020461251U CN 212128235 U CN212128235 U CN 212128235U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for be used for laser nitriding treatment metal surface, including distribution valves, nitrogen gas source, laser generator, laser head, laser controller and master control computer. By adopting the technical scheme, the laser irradiation time is short, the input capacity is low, the thermal cycle process is fast, the thermal deformation of the workpiece after the nitriding treatment is finished is small, and the hardening depth of the composite layer can easily meet the technical requirements; the surface quality and the surface hardness of the workpiece subjected to the nitriding treatment are high; the surface of the workpiece can be directionally processed, the surface of the workpiece needing to be enhanced is processed, the peripheral unprocessed surface is not affected, and the influence of factors such as the shape and the size of the workpiece is avoided; the workpiece can be rapidly heated and cooled, quenching media are not needed, and the production efficiency is extremely high; the conditions such as vacuum, preheating and the like are not needed, the system equipment is simple, the safety coefficient is high, the operation of workers is simple, and the labor intensity is low; no three wastes and meets the requirement of environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a metal surface nitriding treatment technical field, concretely relates to a system for be used for laser nitriding treatment metal surface.
Background
The metal surface nitriding treatment technology is a heat treatment process of putting a workpiece into a medium containing a large amount of active nitrogen atoms, and infiltrating the nitrogen atoms into the surface of the workpiece at a certain temperature and pressure to form a nitrogen-rich hardened layer, so that the surface of the workpiece has higher hardness and wear resistance, and the fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of the workpiece can be improved.
Currently, the existing metal surface nitriding treatment technology includes three modes, namely gas nitriding, liquid nitriding and ion nitriding.
The gas nitriding is to place the workpiece into a sealed space, introduce ammonia gas, heat to 500 plus 580 ℃ and preserve heat for several hours to dozens of hours, which not only takes a long time, but also if the metal to be treated is common carbon steel, pure iron nitride is formed in the nitriding layer, and when the metal is heated to a higher temperature, the pure iron nitride is easy to decompose, aggregate and coarsen, and high hardness and high wear resistance cannot be obtained.
The liquid nitriding is a newer chemical heat treatment process, the temperature does not exceed 570 ℃, the treatment time is short, only 1-3h, the application range is wide, special steel is not needed, and the thickness of the iron nitride compound layer in the nitriding layer is relatively thin, and is only 0.01-0.02 mm. Although liquid nitriding has many advantages, the liquid nitriding has many limitations in popularization and application because the dissolved salt reaction has toxicity and affects the health of operators, and waste salt is not easy to treat.
The ion nitriding is to place the parts in a vacuum chamber of the ion nitriding, the nitrided parts are connected with a cathode of a high-voltage direct-current power supply, an electric furnace shell is connected with an anode of a direct-current high-voltage power supply, when ammonia gas is filled in a vacuum container, the pressure in the container is kept between 200 and 1000PA, and 800 and 1000V direct-current voltage is added between the cathode and the anode, the ammonia gas is ionized, and after the gas is ionized, nitrogen cations (N < + >) with positive electricity and anions (N < - >) with negative electricity are generated, so that a plasma region is formed. In the plasma region, positive ions of nitrogen rapidly impact to a cathode under the acceleration of a high-voltage electric field, the surface of a part to be nitrided is bombarded and cleaned, kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, a large amount of heat energy is released and bright light is emitted when the nitrogen ions are converted into nitrogen atoms, in addition, heat is also generated when the voltage drops near a workpiece, and the three types of heat the part to the temperature required for nitriding. At this temperature, the nitrogen ions chemically react with the metal surface of the part, and nitrogen atoms penetrate into the surface of the part and diffuse into the inside, forming a nitride layer. The ion nitriding has the advantages of short production period, high surface hardness of parts, capability of controlling brittleness of a nitriding layer and the like, but the requirements of the production and manufacturing process of the ion nitriding furnace are high, the materials are also very exquisite, the content of an electrical control technology is high, the overall requirements on operators are high, the cost is high, and the requirements of the operators and the accessories are also high.
Therefore, a brand-new nitriding treatment device and method which have the advantages of short production period, low cost, firm bonding of the nitride layer and the substrate, small workpiece deformation, thick nitride layer, simple operation and low requirement on quality of workers are continuously developed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a system for laser nitriding treatment metal surface.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a system for laser nitriding treatment metal surface, its main points lie in, including distribution valves, nitrogen gas air supply, laser generator, laser head, laser controller and total control computer install the air cock assembly that is used for blowing off nitrogen gas to the work piece on the laser head, nitrogen gas air supply, distribution valves group and air cock assembly communicate through the pipeline in proper order, distribution valves can adjust the flow that air cock assembly blew off nitrogen gas under the control of total control computer, laser generator passes through optic fibre and is connected with the laser head, laser controller can adjust laser generator under the control of total control computer to adjust the parameter that the laser head transmitted laser.
By adopting the structure, the laser irradiation time is short, the input capacity is less, the thermal cycle process is fast, the thermal deformation of the workpiece after the nitriding treatment is finished is small, and the hardening depth of the composite layer is easy to meet the technical requirements; the surface quality of the workpiece subjected to the nitriding treatment is high, and the surface hardness can reach more than or equal to 700Hv on average; the surface of the workpiece can be directionally processed, the surface of the workpiece needing to be enhanced is processed, the peripheral unprocessed surface is not affected, and the influence of factors such as the shape and the size of the workpiece is avoided; the workpiece can be rapidly heated and cooled, quenching media are not needed, and the production efficiency is extremely high; the conditions such as vacuum, preheating and the like are not needed, the system equipment is simple, the safety coefficient is high, the operation of workers is simple, and the labor intensity is low; no three wastes are generated, and the environmental protection requirement is met; the general control computer can adaptively control the gas distribution valve group and the laser controller according to the material of the workpiece to be processed, has wide application range and can be used for nitriding treatment of a plurality of metal surfaces.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: and data transmission is carried out between the general control computer and the laser controller and between the general control computer and the gas distribution valve bank in a wireless or wired mode. The mode can be flexibly selected according to actual requirements.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the air faucet assembly comprises a nitrogen nozzle and an air faucet upper joint, the nitrogen nozzle comprises an air faucet base and an air faucet outer sleeve, the air faucet base comprises a base main body and a base inner sleeve arranged at the front end part of the base main body, an air faucet laser channel penetrating through the base main body and the base inner sleeve along the front-back direction is arranged in the air faucet base, the air faucet outer sleeve is sleeved on the base inner sleeve, at least one nitrogen gas outlet channel is formed between the air faucet outer sleeve and the base inner sleeve, at least one nitrogen gas inlet channel used for conveying nitrogen gas to the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel is arranged on the base main body, the gas outlet of each nitrogen gas inlet channel is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel, a circular nitrogen gas ejection hole is formed between the inner wall of the front end part of the air faucet outer sleeve and the outer wall of the front end, and communicate with the gas outlet of each nitrogen gas outlet channel, the base main part passes through the air cock top connection and installs on laser head, the joint laser passageway that runs through around having in the air cock top connection, this joint laser passageway and the coaxial intercommunication of air cock laser passageway. The existing nitrogen gas nozzles for blowing nitrogen gas have different structural forms and configurations, and are generally divided into two forms in which a single or a plurality of ejection holes are provided beside a laser passage. However, in practice, it has been found that in any of the above-mentioned forms, air in the surrounding environment is likely to flow into the pore gaps, the nitrogen purity in the laser molten pool is insufficient, and the hardness, wear resistance and other properties of the formed nitrided layer are not satisfactory, which affects the quality of the laser nitriding treatment. Therefore, through the structure, the nitrogen gas ejection holes are of the circular ring structure, the nitrogen gas like a circular curtain can be ejected, the air hole gaps of the traditional single-hole or porous structure are not formed, the air in the surrounding environment is difficult to be mixed, the high concentration and high pressure of the nitrogen gas in the metal surface laser melting tank and on the surrounding metal surface are ensured, the stability of the nitrogen gas in the metal surface laser melting tank and on the surrounding metal surface is maintained, a nitride layer with excellent performance (high hardness, high stability, good temperature resistance and good corrosion resistance) can be stably generated, and the quality of laser processing is ensured.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen gas outlet channel is of a cone-shaped structure or a cylindrical structure, and surrounds the periphery of the air tap laser channel. By adopting the structure, the nitrogen gas ejection holes can be further ensured to stably eject the nitrogen gas like a circular curtain, air is prevented from entering the nitrogen gas ejection holes, and the laser processing quality is ensured.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the nitrogen gas outlet channel is of a conical cylindrical structure with a small front part and a large rear part. By adopting the structure, the sprayed nitrogen is more concentrated, the air in the metal surface laser melting pool can be effectively discharged, and the high purity of the nitrogen in the metal surface laser melting pool is ensured.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the part of the nitrogen gas outlet channel, which is close to the nitrogen gas ejection hole, is a necking pressurizing section, and the gap width of the necking pressurizing section is gradually reduced towards the direction close to the nitrogen gas ejection hole. By adopting the structure, the effects of gathering and pressurizing are achieved, and the high purity of nitrogen in the metal surface laser melting pool is further ensured.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the base main body is provided with a plurality of air pipe joints communicated with air inlets of corresponding nitrogen gas inlet channels, and each air pipe joint is communicated with the gas distribution valve group through an air pipe. By adopting the structure, the structure is simple, reliable and easy to connect.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. the laser irradiation time is short, the input capacity is low, the thermal cycle process is fast, the thermal deformation of the workpiece after the nitriding treatment is finished is small, and the hardening depth of the composite layer is easy to meet the technical requirements;
2. the surface quality of the workpiece subjected to the nitriding treatment is high, and the surface hardness can reach more than or equal to 700Hv on average;
3. the surface of the workpiece can be directionally processed, the surface of the workpiece needing to be enhanced is processed, the peripheral unprocessed surface is not affected, and the influence of factors such as the shape and the size of the workpiece is avoided;
4. the workpiece can be rapidly heated and cooled, quenching media are not needed, and the production efficiency is extremely high;
5. the system has the advantages of no need of vacuum, preheating and other conditions, simple equipment, high safety coefficient, stability, reliability, easy operation by workers, low requirement on quality of the workers and low labor intensity;
6. no three wastes are generated, and the environmental protection requirement is met;
7. the general control computer can adaptively control the gas distribution valve group and the laser controller according to the material of the workpiece to be processed, has wide application range and can be used for nitriding treatment of a plurality of metal surfaces.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a nitrogen gas nozzle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the air faucet assembly;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the air faucet assembly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, a system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surface mainly comprises a gas distribution valve group A, a nitrogen gas source B, a laser generator C, a laser head D, a laser controller E and an overall control computer F, wherein a gas nozzle assembly G used for blowing nitrogen gas to a workpiece is installed on the laser head D, the nitrogen gas source B, the gas distribution valve group A and the gas nozzle assembly G are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, the gas distribution valve group A can adjust the flow of the nitrogen gas blown out from the gas nozzle assembly G under the control of the overall control computer F, the laser generator C is connected with the laser head D through an optical fiber, and the laser controller E can adjust the laser generator C under the control of the overall control computer F so as to adjust the laser parameters emitted by the laser head D. The laser controller E of the general control computer F and the gas distribution valve group A can perform data transmission in a wireless transmission mode or in a wired transmission mode.
Referring to fig. 2-4, the nozzle assembly G includes a nitrogen nozzle including a nozzle base 1 and a nozzle outer sleeve 2, and a nozzle upper connector 7.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the air faucet base 1 includes a base main body 11 and a base inner sleeve 12, which are integrally formed, wherein the base inner sleeve 12 is disposed at a front end portion of the base main body 11. The nozzle base 1 has a nozzle laser passage 1a extending along the central axis thereof, that is, the nozzle laser passage 1a extends through the base body 11 and the base inner sleeve 12 in the front-rear direction. The gas nozzle outer sleeve 2 is sleeved outside the base inner sleeve 12, at least one nitrogen gas outlet channel 3 is formed between the gas nozzle outer sleeve 2 and the base inner sleeve 12, at least one nitrogen gas inlet channel 11a used for conveying nitrogen gas to the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel 3 is arranged on the base main body 11, a gas outlet of each nitrogen gas inlet channel 11a is communicated with a gas inlet of the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel 3, a circular nitrogen gas spraying hole 4 is formed between the inner wall of the front end part of the gas nozzle outer sleeve 2 and the outer wall of the front end part of the base inner sleeve 12, the nitrogen gas spraying hole 4 surrounds the outlet of the gas nozzle laser channel 1a and is communicated with the gas outlet of each nitrogen gas outlet channel 3, a plurality of gas pipe joints 5 communicated with the gas inlets of the corresponding nitrogen gas inlet channels 11a are arranged on the base main body 11, and each gas.
The nitrogen source inputs nitrogen into the nitrogen inlet channel 11a through the air pipe 6, then the nitrogen is input into the nitrogen outlet channel 3 through the nitrogen inlet channel 11a, and finally the nitrogen is blown out through the nitrogen ejection holes 4 in a circular structure, namely the nitrogen like a circular curtain can be ejected, the air hole gaps of the traditional single-hole or porous structure are avoided, so that the air in the surrounding environment is difficult to be mixed, the high concentration and high pressure of the nitrogen in the metal surface laser melting pool and the surrounding metal surface are ensured, the stability of the nitrogen in the metal surface laser melting pool and the surrounding metal surface is maintained, a nitriding layer with excellent performance (high hardness, high stability, good temperature resistance and good corrosion resistance) can be stably generated, and the quality of laser processing is ensured.
In this embodiment, the number of the nitrogen gas outlet channels 3 is one, and the nitrogen gas outlet channels are either conical cylindrical structures or cylindrical structures, and the nitrogen gas outlet channels 3 surround the periphery of the air tap laser channel 1 a. Further, in order to make the ejected nitrogen more concentrated and effectively discharge the harmful gas in the metal surface laser melting pool and ensure the high purity of the nitrogen in the metal surface laser melting pool, the nitrogen outlet channel 3 preferably adopts a conical cylindrical structure with a small front part and a large back part.
Correspondingly, nitrogen gas inlet channel 11a is a plurality of, and along circumference evenly distributed in base main part 11, and each nitrogen gas inlet channel 11 a's air inlet communicates with the trachea joint 5 that corresponds respectively, and the gas outlet then all communicates with nitrogen gas outlet channel 3.
Referring to fig. 4, the portion of the nitrogen gas outlet channel 3 near the nitrogen gas ejection hole 4 is a necking pressurizing section 3a, and the gap width of the necking pressurizing section 3a gradually decreases toward the direction near the nitrogen gas ejection hole 4, so as to achieve the effects of converging and pressurizing, and further ensure the high purity of the nitrogen gas in the metal surface laser molten pool.
Referring to fig. 4, the front end of the base main body 11 is a base connection section 11b, an external thread is processed on the outer circumferential surface of the base connection section 11b, the rear end of the air nozzle outer sleeve 2 is an outer sleeve connection section 2a, and an internal thread capable of being in threaded fit with the external thread is processed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve connection section 2 a. By adopting the design, the gas nozzle is easy to disassemble and assemble, a cylindrical or conical nitrogen gas outlet channel is convenient to form, and different gas nozzle outer sleeves 2 can be replaced according to actual requirements so as to adjust the structural parameters of the nitrogen gas outlet channel 3. And, overcoat linkage segment 2a and base linkage segment 11b are through the spacing cooperation of step 11c, and are simple reliable.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the base body 11 is mounted on the laser head D through the nozzle upper connector 7, and the nozzle upper connector 7 has a connector laser channel 7a penetrating forward and backward, and the connector laser channel 7a is coaxially communicated with the nozzle laser channel 1a, so as to ensure stable passage of the laser beam. And, the rear end of the air tap upper joint 7 is provided with a flange 7b for connecting with a laser head, so as to be conveniently and rapidly connected with the laser head.
A method for laser nitriding a metal surface, comprising the steps of:
s1: identifying the material of the workpiece to be processed, and formulating the strategies of cleaning and nitriding the workpiece. Specifically, after identifying the material of the workpiece to be processed, the general control computer F can make corresponding cleaning and nitriding strategies, for example, nitriding strategies for low-carbon steel and chrome steel are different, and particularly, parameters (spot diameter, scanning power, scanning speed, and the like) of emitted laser are different.
S2: and cleaning the surface of the workpiece. Specifically, the surface of the workpiece is cleaned by laser, or by chemical agents, or even by purely physical means (such as shot blasting and the like). The preferred mode that adopts laser cleaning of this embodiment neither needs extra equipment, high-efficient environmental protection again.
S3: and blowing nitrogen to a laser irradiation point to be subjected to laser irradiation on the surface of the workpiece, and removing air between the air nozzle assembly G and the workpiece to form a nitrogen annular curtain around the laser irradiation point so as to avoid air mixing.
S4: adjusting the flow of nitrogen to be suitable for the flow of the workpiece material, simultaneously keeping the nitrogen environment around the laser irradiation point, and then irradiating laser to the laser irradiation point by the laser head D until a nitride layer is formed. For example, the nitrogen flow requirements for the nitriding of mild steel and chrome steel are different.
S5: and adjusting the position of the laser head D, aligning the adjacent laser irradiation points, and returning to the step S3 until all the laser irradiation points on the surface of the workpiece are irradiated.
By adopting the method, the general control computer can adaptively control the flow of the nitrogen sprayed out from the nitrogen spraying hole by controlling the gas distribution valve group and control the parameters of the laser such as the spot diameter, the scanning power and the scanning speed of the laser emitted by the laser controller according to the material of the workpiece to be processed, the application range is wide, the method can be used for the nitriding treatment of a plurality of metal surfaces, under the corresponding reasonable parameters, the nitrogen atoms decomposed by laser irradiation are metallurgically combined with the surface of the workpiece heated and melted by the laser to generate a nitriding phase, and simultaneously, a composite layer of laser nitriding quenching is formed on the surface of the workpiece due to the heating and holding of the self-cooling hardening characteristic of the laser.
Example 1: the laser spot emitted by the laser head D is a circular spot with the diameter of 0.4-1mm, the scanning power is 2000-. Under the condition, industrial nitrogen or high-purity nitrogen is adopted as the nitrogen, and the high-purity nitrogen is preferred. The nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 30-80L/min and the output pressure is 1.5-2 MPa; the nitrogen atoms decomposed by laser irradiation are metallurgically bonded with the surface melted by laser heating to generate a nitriding phase, and simultaneously, a laser nitriding and quenching composite layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece due to the self-cooling hardening characteristic of the laser.
The surface of the workpiece treated by the laser nitriding quenching composite process forms a nitriding quenching composite layer with the thickness of 0.2-3mm, the surface quality is good, and the defects of oxidation, decarburization and the like are avoided. Through microhardness tester, the surface hardness of the nitriding quenching composite layer reaches 650HV-800HV, and the wear resistance is improved by more than 50%.
Example 2: the laser spot emitted by the laser head D is a square spot with the side length of 2-4mm, the scanning power is 6000W, the continuous scanning speed is three groups of 50mm/min, 80mm/min, 100mm/min and 150mm/min, and the three groups are respectively verified to be 400mm2. Under the condition, industrial high-purity nitrogen is adopted as the nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas is introduced at a speed of 60-100L/min and the output pressure is 0.5-1 MPa; the nitrogen atoms decomposed by laser irradiation are metallurgically bonded with the surface melted by laser heating to generate a nitriding phase, and simultaneously, a laser nitriding and quenching composite layer is formed on the surface of the workpiece due to the self-cooling hardening characteristic of the laser.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A system for laser nitriding a metal surface, comprising: including distribution valves, nitrogen gas air supply, laser generator, laser head, laser controller and total control computer install the air cock assembly that is used for blowing off nitrogen gas to the work piece on the laser head, nitrogen gas air supply, distribution valves group and air cock assembly communicate through the pipeline in proper order, distribution valves can adjust the flow that air cock assembly blew off nitrogen gas under the control of total control computer, laser generator passes through optic fibre and is connected with the laser head, laser controller can adjust laser generator under the control of total control computer to adjust the parameter that the laser head transmitted laser.
2. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 1, wherein: and data transmission is carried out between the general control computer and the laser controller and between the general control computer and the gas distribution valve bank in a wireless or wired mode.
3. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 1, wherein: the air faucet assembly comprises a nitrogen nozzle and an air faucet upper joint, the nitrogen nozzle comprises an air faucet base and an air faucet outer sleeve, the air faucet base comprises a base main body and a base inner sleeve arranged at the front end part of the base main body, an air faucet laser channel penetrating through the base main body and the base inner sleeve along the front-back direction is arranged in the air faucet base, the air faucet outer sleeve is sleeved on the base inner sleeve, at least one nitrogen gas outlet channel is formed between the air faucet outer sleeve and the base inner sleeve, at least one nitrogen gas inlet channel used for conveying nitrogen gas to the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel is arranged on the base main body, the gas outlet of each nitrogen gas inlet channel is respectively communicated with the gas inlet of the corresponding nitrogen gas outlet channel, a circular nitrogen gas ejection hole is formed between the inner wall of the front end part of the air faucet outer sleeve and the outer wall of the front end, and communicate with the gas outlet of each nitrogen gas outlet channel, the base main part passes through the air cock top connection and installs on laser head, the joint laser passageway that runs through around having in the air cock top connection, this joint laser passageway and the coaxial intercommunication of air cock laser passageway.
4. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 3, wherein: the nitrogen gas outlet channel is of a cone-shaped structure or a cylindrical structure, and surrounds the periphery of the air tap laser channel.
5. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 4, wherein: the nitrogen gas outlet channel is of a conical cylindrical structure with a small front part and a large rear part.
6. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 4, wherein: the part of the nitrogen gas outlet channel, which is close to the nitrogen gas ejection hole, is a necking pressurizing section, and the gap width of the necking pressurizing section is gradually reduced towards the direction close to the nitrogen gas ejection hole.
7. The system for laser nitriding treatment of metal surfaces according to claim 3, wherein: the base main body is provided with a plurality of air pipe joints communicated with air inlets of corresponding nitrogen gas inlet channels, and each air pipe joint is communicated with the gas distribution valve group through an air pipe.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111286584A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-16 | 重庆金樾光电科技有限公司 | System and method for laser nitriding metal surfaces |
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