CN212033193U - Heat transfer device and battery thermal management device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a heat transfer device and battery heat management device, wherein, heat transfer device, including the heat transfer shell, be equipped with the refrigerant runner of being connected with the refrigerant access & exit in the heat transfer shell, the tip of heat transfer shell is equipped with the refrigerant access & exit. When the battery needs to be refrigerated: the refrigerant conveying device enables low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant to enter the refrigerant flow channel from the refrigerant inlet and outlet to absorb heat in the battery pack, the flow of the refrigerant can be adjusted to achieve accurate control over the temperature of the battery, and therefore the use safety of the battery pack is improved.

Description

Heat transfer device and battery thermal management device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a heat-conduction technical field, in particular to heat transfer device. The utility model discloses still relate to a battery thermal management device including above-mentioned heat transfer device.

Background

Temperature has a significant impact on the operating performance, service life and safety of the battery.

The charge and discharge efficiency of the battery is affected by the low temperature of the battery. When the temperature of the battery is too high, harmful reactions such as decomposition of electrodes and electrolyte can occur, permanent damage can be caused to the internal junction structure of the battery, and the battery explodes under the limit condition.

Meanwhile, overheating of the temperature in the battery pack may reduce the use performance of the battery, and may also cause thermal runaway in case of severe conditions, resulting in a reduction in the use safety of the battery pack.

Therefore, how to improve the use safety of the battery pack is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a heat transfer device to improve the safety in utilization of group battery. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery thermal management device including the above heat transfer device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a heat transfer device, which comprises a heat transfer shell, wherein the end part of the heat transfer shell is provided with a refrigerant inlet and outlet, and a refrigerant flow passage connected with the refrigerant inlet and outlet is arranged in the heat transfer shell;

preferably, the heat transfer shell comprises two fixedly connected cover bodies, and a capillary layer is arranged on the inner surface of each cover body for forming the refrigerant flow channel;

preferably, the heat transfer device further comprises a middle partition plate arranged between the two cover bodies, the middle partition plate is in sealing fit with the inner surfaces of the two heat transfer shells, the middle partition plate comprises a frame and a partition plate forming the refrigerant flow channel with the heat transfer shells, the partition plate is provided with a flow channel through hole communicated with the refrigerant flow channel on two sides of the partition plate, and the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet are communicated with the refrigerant flow channel through the fluid through hole on the frame;

preferably, the partition plate is an I-shaped partition plate, and an upper plate and a lower plate of the I-shaped partition plate are respectively in sealing fit with the inner surfaces of the two cover bodies.

Preferably, the flow passage through hole comprises a middle conduction pipe, the middle conduction pipe is connected with the middle plate of the partition plate, and the partition plate hole is formed in the middle conduction pipe.

Preferably, in a cross section perpendicular to a fluid flowing direction, a thickness of the intermediate conduction pipe is smaller than a thickness of the partition plate, and a coolant accommodating groove is formed between an outer wall of the intermediate conduction pipe and the partition plate and between the outer wall of the intermediate conduction pipe and the cover body.

Preferably, a pressure relief hole is arranged in the cover body in a penetrating mode at a position opposite to the partition plate, and a thermal deformation sealing element is filled between the partition plate and the cover body.

The utility model also provides a battery thermal management device, including group battery and any kind of above-mentioned heat transfer unit, the group battery is installed on the surface of heat transfer shell.

Preferably, the battery heat management device further comprises two valve bodies respectively arranged at the positions of the two refrigerant inlets and outlets, a temperature sensor for detecting the surface temperature of the battery pack, and a controller, wherein the temperature sensor and the valve bodies are connected with the controller.

Preferably, the battery thermal management device further comprises a refrigerant conveying device, and the refrigerant conveying device is communicated with the refrigerant inlet and outlet and the refrigerant flow channel.

As can be seen from the above description, in the heat transfer device provided in the present application, when the battery needs to be cooled: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the refrigerant flow channel from the refrigerant inlet and outlet to absorb heat in the battery pack, the flow of the refrigerant can be adjusted to realize accurate control of the temperature of the battery, and the use safety of the battery pack is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat transfer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an exploded view of a heat transfer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is an isometric view of a midplate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a view of a flow channel through hole installation structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an i-shaped partition plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is an isometric view of a cover provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a top view of a cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein in FIGS. 1-8:

1. a heat transfer housing; 1-1, a cover body; 1-2, pressure relief holes; 1-3, smooth surface; 1-4, a refrigerant inlet and outlet;

2. a middle partition plate; 2-1, a frame; 2-2, partition, 2-3, fluid passing hole;

3. a capillary layer;

4. a battery pack;

5. a refrigerant flow passage;

6. a middle conduction pipe; 6-1, partition plate holes; 6-2 and a cooling liquid accommodating tank.

Detailed Description

The core of the utility model is to provide a heat transfer device to improve the safety in utilization of group battery. Another core of the present invention is to provide a battery thermal management device including the above heat transfer device.

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Please refer to fig. 1 to 8.

In a specific implementation manner, the heat transfer device provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a heat transfer housing 1, wherein a refrigerant inlet and outlet 1-4 is provided at an end of the heat transfer housing 1, and a refrigerant flow passage 5 connected to the refrigerant inlet and outlet 1-4 is provided in the heat transfer housing 1. Specifically, the refrigerant flow path 5 has a straight structure or an S-shaped structure.

The number of the refrigerant inlets and outlets 1-4 can be at least two, the refrigerant conveying device is communicated with the refrigerant inlets and outlets 1-4 and the refrigerant flow channel 5, and the refrigerant conveying device is used for conveying low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant to the refrigerant flow channel 5.

Specifically, the material of the heat transfer housing 1 includes, but is not limited to, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, iron, steel alloy, graphene, or the like.

As can be seen from the above description, in the heat transfer device provided in the specific embodiment of the present application, when refrigeration is required: the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant enters the refrigerant flow channel 5 from the refrigerant inlet, absorbs heat and is discharged from the refrigerant outlet, the flow of the refrigerant can be adjusted to realize accurate control of the temperature of the part to be cooled, and the use safety is improved.

In one embodiment, the heat transfer housing 1 includes two fixedly attached covers 1-1, the covers 1-1 being support members for the heat transfer device. After the two cover bodies 1-1 are fixedly connected, the two cover bodies 1-1 are connected in a sealing manner along the circumferential direction and can be combined in a welding mode, a stamping mode, an adhesive fastening mode and the like. The inner surface of the cover body 1-1 for forming the refrigerant flow channel 5 is provided with a capillary layer 3. Specifically, the inner surface of the cover body 1-1 is provided with a capillary layer 3 formed by structures such as grooves, a silk screen, sintered copper powder, foam copper and the like. Of course, the capillary layer 3 can be added by any method including, but not limited to, copper powder sintering, metal foam, and wire mesh bonding. The capillary layers 3 preferably communicate with each other on the inner surface of the heat transfer surface.

In a specific implementation mode, the heat transfer device further comprises a middle partition plate 2 which is arranged between the two cover bodies 1-1 to form an inner cavity, the middle partition plate 2 is in sealing fit with the inner surfaces of the two heat transfer shells 1, the middle partition plate 2 comprises a frame 2-1 and a partition plate 2-2 which is used for forming a refrigerant flow channel 5 with the heat transfer shells 1, in the middle partition plate 2, the partition plate 2-2 is a main body structure of the middle partition plate 2, the partition plate 2-2 is provided with a flow channel through hole which is communicated with the refrigerant flow channel 5 on two sides of the partition plate 2-2, and a refrigerant inlet and outlet 1-4 is communicated with the refrigerant flow channel 5 through a fluid through hole 2-3.

Specifically, the refrigerant flow passage 5 is formed by the inner surface of the cover body 1-1 and the middle partition plate 2, and different refrigerant flow passages 5 are communicated with each other under the connecting action of the partition plate holes 6-1, so that the refrigerant can flow between the different flow passages. The size and number of the partitions 2-2 can be designed as desired.

The width of the refrigerant flow path 5 is determined by the entire width of the heat transfer surface and the width and number of the separators 2-2. Different flow passage sizes have great influence on the flowing heat transfer efficiency of the refrigerant, and can be adjusted in practical use.

The inner surface of the cap body 1-1 has a smooth surface 1-3 for forming a sealing surface with the intermediate partition 2, and particularly, it is preferable that the other inner surfaces except the inner surface covered with the capillary layer 3 are smooth surfaces 1-3.

In order to improve the installation stability and the heat dissipation effect, preferably, the partition plate 2-2 is an i-shaped partition plate, and comprises an upper plate and a lower plate which are symmetrically distributed, and a middle plate which is communicated with the upper plate and the lower plate. The upper plate and the lower plate of the I-shaped partition plate are respectively in sealing fit with the smooth surfaces 1-3. Of course, the separator 2-2 is not limited to the I-shaped configuration during actual manufacturing. The partition board 2-2 and the smooth surface 1-3 of the cover body 1-1 are connected in a sealing mode through gluing, welding and the like to form a sealing surface.

Further, the materials for the middle partition plate 2 include, but are not limited to: polyethylene, cellulose acetate, polystyrene, tin alloy, lead alloy, bismuth alloy, and the like.

In a specific embodiment, a pressure relief hole 1-2 is penetratingly formed in a position, opposite to the partition plate 2-2, of the cover body 1-1, and a thermal deformation sealing member, which may be a heat deformable sealing plug, is filled between the partition plate 2-2 and the smooth surface 1-3. When the temperature of the battery pack 4 arranged on the cover body 1-1 exceeds the preset temperature, the thermal deformation sealing element absorbs heat and deforms, the sealing element fails, the pressure relief holes 1-2 are communicated with the refrigerant flow channel 5, and cooling liquid can flow out of the pressure relief holes 1-2, so that heat exchange at two sides of the heat transfer device is blocked, and a heat insulation effect is achieved. In order to facilitate timely discharge of cooling liquid and achieve cooling, preferably, a plurality of pressure release holes 1-2 are arranged and correspond to the partition plates 2-2 one by one, and the pressure release holes 1-2 are arranged along the length direction of the refrigerant flow channel 5. The pressure relief hole 1-2 may be a rectangular hole structure.

Specifically, the flow passage through hole includes a middle conduction pipe 6, the middle conduction pipe 6 is connected to the middle plate of the partition plate 2-2, as shown in fig. 4, a partition plate hole 6-1 is formed in the middle conduction pipe 6, and the partition plate hole 6-1 is connected to the refrigerant flow passages 5 on both sides of the partition plate 2-2, so that the refrigerant can flow between the two refrigerant flow passages 5.

Further, the thickness of the intermediate conduction pipe 6 in a cross section perpendicular to the fluid flow direction is smaller than the thickness of the partition plate 2-2 (i.e., the height between the upper plate and the lower plate), which is a dimension in the left-right direction as shown in fig. 1, thereby allowing the coolant receiving groove 6-2 to be formed between the outer wall of the intermediate conduction pipe 6 and the partition plate 2-2 and the lid body 1-1. The coolant receiving tank 6-2 functions to prevent the liquid refrigerant from completely flowing out of a certain refrigerant flow path 5. The liquid refrigerant can be ensured to exist in each refrigerant flow channel 5, and the liquid refrigerant can be prevented from oscillating and flowing into the next flow channel too much in the driving process.

The present application further provides a battery thermal management device comprising a heat transfer device and a battery pack 4, wherein the heat transfer device is any one of the above heat transfer devices, and the battery pack 4 is mounted on an outer surface of the heat transfer housing 1. The foregoing describes a specific structure of a heat transfer device, and the present application includes the above heat transfer device, which also has the above technical effects.

In order to realize automatic control, the heat transfer device also comprises two valve bodies which are respectively arranged at the positions of the two refrigerant inlets and outlets 1-4, a controller and a temperature sensor for detecting the surface temperature of the battery pack, wherein the temperature sensor and the valve bodies are both connected with the controller. In particular, the temperature sensor may be a thermocouple.

The heat transfer device can perform the functions of heating, refrigerating, temperature balancing, active and passive thermal isolation, thermal safety and the like according to the requirement of the battery pack 4, and the specific scheme is as follows:

when the battery needs to be heated: when the temperature of the battery pack received by the controller is lower than a first preset value, the controller controls the valve body to be opened, the refrigerant conveying device conveys a high-temperature and high-pressure medium to the refrigerant flow channel 5, the medium is condensed to release heat to heat the battery pack 4 when contacting with a heat transfer surface with lower temperature, and the condensed medium is discharged from a refrigerant outlet.

When the cooling mode is performed: when the controller receives that the temperature of the battery pack 4 is higher than a second preset value, the controller controls the valve body to be opened, the refrigerant conveying device conveys low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant to the refrigerant flow channel 5, the refrigerant evaporates to carry away heat in the battery pack 4, superheated steam is discharged from a refrigerant outlet, and the flow of the refrigerant can be adjusted to realize accurate control on the temperature of the battery pack 4.

When performing a thermal equalization operation: the controller controls the valve body to be closed. The working principle is the same as that of the heat pipe. As shown in fig. 8, the temperature of one of the upper or lower battery packs 4 is higher, while the temperature of the other battery pack 4 is lower, and the heat transfer surface attached to the higher-temperature battery pack 4 transfers heat to the liquid refrigerant in the heat transfer device, and the liquid refrigerant absorbs and vaporizes into the gaseous refrigerant; the gaseous refrigerant is condensed when meeting the heat transfer surface attached to the battery pack 4 with a lower temperature, and is liquefied into a liquid refrigerant, and the liquid refrigerant flows back under the action of gravity or capillary action and contacts the heat transfer surface with a higher temperature again, and is gasified again. The above process is repeated continuously to achieve efficient heat transfer between the two battery packs 4.

When active insulation is performed: the refrigerant in the refrigerant flow channel 5 is pumped out, and only a small amount of rarefied refrigerant gas exists in the cavity, so that the thermal isolation between the battery cells or between the battery pack 4 and the external environment is realized. For example, when the battery temperature is low in winter, the battery pack 4 needs to be started when it needs to be self-heated or when it needs to be thermally insulated from the external low-temperature environment when it is charged after being stopped in winter. Only one valve body is opened, and other valve bodies are closed, so that the refrigerant only can not flow in and out, the refrigerant in the cavity of the refrigerant flow channel 5 of the heat transfer device is pumped out, and only a small amount of rarefied refrigerant gas exists in the cavity, thereby realizing the thermal isolation between the battery monomers or between the battery pack 4 and the external environment.

When passive thermal isolation and thermal safety are performed: when the temperature of the battery pack 4 reaches the failure temperature of the thermal deformation sealing element, and the temperature of the cover body 1-1 exceeds the preset temperature, the refrigerant flows out through the pressure relief hole 1-2. The outflow refrigerant evaporates and takes away a large amount of heat, so that the battery pack 4 can cool down and even extinguish fire.

As shown in fig. 8, when thermal runaway or abnormal temperature rise occurs in the battery pack 4 added to the upper portion, the temperature of the cover body 1-1 attached to the upper battery pack 4 rises, the temperature of the thermal deformation sealing element at the corresponding position rises, and when the temperature reaches or exceeds the softening temperature, the melting temperature or the melting temperature of the hot melting material of the sealing plug, the material of the thermal deformation sealing element softens, melts or melts, so that the sealing of the thermal deformation sealing element fails, the refrigerant is ejected from the sealing failure position under the push of the internal and external pressure difference and is discharged along the pressure release hole 1-2, and the volume expansion and the liquid evaporation of the gaseous refrigerant are heat absorption processes, so that the refrigerant ejection process absorbs a large amount of heat. Meanwhile, as the refrigerant is discharged from the closed cavity of the heat transfer device with the thermal runaway blocking capability, the main heat transfer capability of the heat transfer device with the thermal runaway blocking capability is lost, and the thermal isolation between the heat transfer surfaces is realized. Under the combined action of heat absorption and heat insulation, the heat transfer device with the thermal runaway blocking capability can effectively block the expansion of thermal runaway among the battery cells, and even can play a role in extinguishing a fire for a battery with thermal runaway.

Because this application can heat, refrigerate, equilibrium temperature, active and passive thermal isolation and thermal safety etc. according to the demand of group battery 4. According to the cold and hot load of the battery pack 4, the heat management system is better matched with the heat management requirement by controlling the plurality of heat transfer devices in a series-parallel connection mode, and the heat management system is convenient to popularize and use widely.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A heat transfer device is characterized by comprising a heat transfer shell (1), wherein a refrigerant inlet and outlet (1-4) is formed in the end part of the heat transfer shell (1), and a refrigerant flow channel (5) connected with the refrigerant inlet and outlet (1-4) is formed in the heat transfer shell (1).

2. Heat transfer unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the heat transfer housing (1) comprises two fixedly connected covers (1-1), the inner surface of the covers (1-1) for forming the refrigerant flow channel (5) being provided with a capillary layer (3).

3. The heat transfer device according to claim 2, further comprising a middle partition plate (2) disposed between the two cover bodies (1-1), wherein the middle partition plate (2) is in sealing contact with the inner surfaces of the two heat transfer housings (1), the middle partition plate (2) comprises a frame (2-1) and partition plates (2-2) forming the refrigerant flow passages (5) with the heat transfer housings (1), the partition plates (2-2) are provided with flow passage through holes communicating with the refrigerant flow passages (5) on both sides of the partition plates (2-2), and the refrigerant inlet and outlet ports (1-4) are communicated with the refrigerant flow passages (5) through the fluid passing holes (2-3) on the frame (2-1).

4. A heat transfer unit according to claim 3, wherein the partition (2-2) is an i-shaped partition, and the upper and lower plates of the partition (2-2) are sealingly attached to the inner surfaces of the two cover bodies (1-1), respectively.

5. The heat transfer device according to claim 4, wherein the flow passage through hole includes an intermediate conduction pipe (6), the intermediate conduction pipe (6) is connected to the middle plate of the partition plate (2-2), and the intermediate conduction pipe (6) is provided with partition plate holes (6-1) communicating with the refrigerant flow passages (5) on both sides of the flow passage through hole.

6. Heat transfer unit according to claim 5, characterised in that the thickness of the intermediate conduit (6) is smaller than the thickness of the partition (2-2) in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow, and that a coolant receiving groove (6-2) is formed between the outer wall of the intermediate conduit (6) and the partition (2-2) and the cover (1-1).

7. The heat transfer device according to claim 4, characterized in that a pressure relief hole (1-2) is arranged on the cover body (1-1) at a position opposite to the partition plate (2-2) in a penetrating manner, and a thermal deformation sealing member is filled between the partition plate (2-2) and the cover body (1-1).

8. A battery thermal management device, comprising a battery pack (4) and a heat transfer device according to any of claims 1-7, said battery pack (4) being mounted on an outer surface of said heat transfer housing (1).

9. The battery thermal management device according to claim 8, further comprising two valve bodies respectively disposed at the two refrigerant inlets and outlets (1-4), a temperature sensor for detecting a surface temperature of the battery pack (4), and a controller, wherein the temperature sensor and the valve bodies are connected to the controller.

10. The battery thermal management device according to claim 8, further comprising a refrigerant delivery device in communication with the refrigerant inlet and outlet (1-4) and the refrigerant flow passage (5).

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