CN211651529U - Material deformation detecting system based on laser shot blasting - Google Patents
Material deformation detecting system based on laser shot blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN211651529U CN211651529U CN202020144711.7U CN202020144711U CN211651529U CN 211651529 U CN211651529 U CN 211651529U CN 202020144711 U CN202020144711 U CN 202020144711U CN 211651529 U CN211651529 U CN 211651529U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, this system contain the sample frame, and the sample that awaits measuring is placed on the sample frame, still includes: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of a sample to be detected; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector. The detection system has the advantages of simple measurement principle, easy operation, low cost and strong practicability, and can accurately measure the transient deformation of the impact sample material.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a material deformation detection area, concretely relates to material deformation detecting system based on laser peening.
Background
The laser shot blasting technology is a brand-new material surface modification technology, and can obtain higher surface residual compressive stress and a deeper stress influence layer, so that the mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue life and the like, are improved by 2-3 times compared with the traditional mechanical shot blasting technology. The distribution of residual stress is optimized by selecting proper laser peening parameters (such as laser spot size, laser power density and laser peening times), so that the mechanical property of the material is improved to different degrees.
Currently, the new method for obtaining the information of the deformation amount of the surface of the part mainly comprises the following steps: optical detection methods based on the principle of light interference diffraction also include new methods such as ultrasonic detection, nuclear magnetic resonance technology, industrial CT scanning, and the like. The traditional contact type deformation measurement method can better realize single-point positioning, but has low efficiency, and a mechanical probe needs to contact the surface of a workpiece, so that a material to be formed can be damaged to a certain extent; although the optical fiber interferometer based on the optical fiber interference principle has high precision and high speed, the installation and debugging of the interferometer are difficult, and the practical performance of the optical fiber interferometer is greatly reduced due to more interference on an industrial field; the cost of using industrial CT and nuclear magnetic resonance technology is higher, the requirements on the use environment are also strict, and the economical efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
To the technical problem who exists among the prior art, the utility model discloses a first order provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening that the measurement principle is simple, low cost, practicality are strong. Based on the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model discloses at least, provide following technical scheme:
a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening comprises a sample frame, wherein a sample to be detected is placed on the sample frame, and the system further comprises: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the space measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a space measurement laser sheet, and the space measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and is input into the light flux detector.
A material deformation detecting system based on laser peening comprises a sample frame, wherein a sample to be detected is placed on the sample frame, and the system further comprises: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path, a luminous flux detector and an oscilloscope; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, a light splitting unit and an optical switch, wherein the first laser emitting part emits a high-intensity laser signal, the high-intensity laser signal is divided into a shock laser signal and an optical switch signal through the light splitting unit, the shock laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected, and the optical switch signal is transmitted to the optical switch; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector; wherein, the luminous flux detector and the photoswitch are respectively electrically connected with the oscilloscope.
Furthermore, in the deformation detection light path, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit includes a beam expanding collimation portion and a rectangular spatial adjustable slit, and a deformation detection light signal emitted by the second laser emission portion is transmitted to the rectangular spatial adjustable slit after passing through the beam expanding collimation portion to form the spatial measurement laser sheet.
Furthermore, the impact laser light path and the deformation detection light path are located on the same horizontal plane, and a deformation detection light signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit is perpendicular to the impact laser light path.
Furthermore, a high-reflectivity mirror is arranged between the beam expanding collimation part and the rectangular space adjustable slit, the deformed detection light signal is focused by the beam expanding collimation part and then transmitted to the high-reflectivity mirror, and the high-reflectivity mirror reflects the deformed detection light signal to the rectangular space adjustable slit.
Further, the impact laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample, and the deformation detection optical signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit passes through the back of the sample.
Further, the space measurement laser sheet transmitted through the sample holder is focused by the third lens and then input to the luminous flux detector.
Further, the beam expanding and collimating part is composed of a first lens and a second lens.
A material deformation detection method based on laser peening comprises the following steps:
irradiating a sample by using a deformation detection light source, and collecting initial light flux passing through the sample;
and impacting the surface of the sample by adopting a high-power impact laser light source to ensure that the sample generates high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation, and simultaneously collecting the luminous flux passing through the high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation sample.
Further, the initial light flux is the light flux which is irradiated by the deformation detection light source and does not pass through the sample impacted by the laser.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has at least:
the utility model provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening combines together optics detecting means and mechanical peening means, in this optics detecting means, survey the setting of light path and impact laser light path through deformation, utilize the survey light source to shine and treat the impact sample in this deformation survey light path, utilize impact laser source impact sample surface in the impact laser light path, the luminous flux through the sample obtains the deformation volume of impact sample around strikeing through gathering, this measurement principle is simple easy to operate, low cost, therefore, the clothes hanger is strong in practicability, can the instantaneous deformation volume of accurate measurement impact material. The deformation detection system provides a new research idea for quantitative research work of laser peening parameters on the instantaneous plastic deformation of the laser peening target, and expands a new method for other fields of subsequent laser processing (such as laser precision impact forming).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a deformation detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the local deformation of the sample when being impacted by the impact laser signal.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a deformation detection system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments, not all embodiments, of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail below. As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment of the invention provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, the system includes a sample holder 7, and a sample to be measured is placed on the sample holder 7. The system also comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a light flux detector. The shock laser light path includes a first laser emitting portion. In this embodiment, the first laser emitting portion 1 is preferably a high-power Q-switched neodymium glass solid-state laser, and typical parameters of the laser are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than or equal to 20ns, the pulse repetition frequency is 0.5Hz, and the spot radius of the laser is 4 mm. The output energy of the laser can be adjusted by pumping voltage, the load intensity of shock waves is different when the output energy of the laser is different, the emitted laser can be focused on the surface of a sample to be formed by impact after passing through the focusing lens 10, high-strength laser energy is absorbed by a coating material in a very short time to form compact high-temperature and high-pressure plasma, the plasma can expand and explode after continuously absorbing energy, high-strength shock waves which are propagated to the inside of metal can be generated due to the action of the constraint layer, the material generates dynamic response with high strain rate, the microstructure change of the final material generates plastic deformation, the mechanical property of the impact sample is improved, and the single impact forming of the laser forming is completed at the moment.
The deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part 2 and a space measurement laser sheet generating unit. In order to ensure the accuracy of deformation detection, the light path output by the deformation detection light path and the impact laser light path are positioned on the same horizontal plane. The second laser emitting part 2 emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generating unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generating unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample holder and is input into the light flux detector 9. The wavelength of the light source emitted by the second laser emitting part 2 should have good wavelength matching with the detection wavelength of the light flux detector 9 loaded with the deformation quantity, so as to improve the response speed and detection precision of the detector to the maximum extent, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation. In this embodiment, the second laser emitting section 2 is a He-Ne laser having an emission wavelength of 632.8 nm.
The spatial measurement laser patch generation unit comprises a beam expanding collimation part consisting of a first lens 3 and a second lens group 4 and a rectangular spatially tunable slit 6. The rectangular space adjustable slit 6 is positioned in a horizontal plane formed by a light path output by the deformation detection light path and the impact laser light path, and a deformation detection light signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit 6 is perpendicular to the impact laser light path. The luminous flux detector 9 selects a detector loaded with dynamic deformation luminous flux information and having functions of detecting illuminance and brightness, such as: a light flux LUX LUX detection luminance meter light detector or a CCD detector for a common optical experiment platform.
The laser beam of 2 outgoing of laser passes through first lens 3 with the light beam focus on image space focal plane, and the object space focal plane of second lens 4 coincides with the image space focal plane of first lens 3, has then constituted a simple light beam and has expanded the collimation portion, and the laser beam has just reached the purpose of expanding the beam and collimating after this light beam expands the collimation portion. In this embodiment, a high-reflectivity mirror 5 is disposed between the second lens 4 and the rectangular space-adjustable slit 6, and the laser beam after beam expansion and collimation changes its propagation direction through the high-reflectivity mirror 5 to ensure that the direction of the detection laser beam is parallel to the surface of the sample to be detected; the laser beam after being reversed by the reflectivity mirror 5 is emitted to the rectangular space adjustable slit 6, on the premise of neglecting the weak diffraction effect of the edge, the shape of the laser beam after passing through the slit is a space measurement laser sheet with the space intensity approximately uniformly distributed in the measurement range of the detector 9, and the size of the space measurement laser sheet can be changed according to the size of the specific predicted material deformation, for example, the laser beam can be realized by changing the focal length of the beam expanding collimating lens and the size of the slit 6; after single laser shock forming is finished, the strong shock wave causes the surface of the sample to generate obvious protrusion deformation, the slit 6 is positioned in a horizontal plane formed by a light path output by the deformation detection light path and a shock laser light path, and the horizontal plane is vertical to the surface of the sample to be measured, so the protrusion deformation formed by the impacted material can shield the space measurement laser sheet, different deformation quantities correspond to different shielding quantities, namely, dynamic deformation quantity information is loaded into light flux information of the space measurement laser sheet; the light beam loaded with the deformation information is focused by the third lens 8, and the information is input into the light flux detector CCD 9. The light flux signal collected by the CCD 9 is a voltage signal converted by the a/D module. The CCD 9 outputs the voltage signal.
The following explains the method of the present invention for inverting the amount of deformation according to the luminous flux: fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of local deformation of the sample when being impacted by the impact laser signal. Here, the space is measuredThe length of the light sheet is set as L, the L is as long as the slit 6, and the CCD measures the luminous flux of the sample to be measured when the sample is not impacted by the impact laser signal0That is, the initial light flux not shielded by the deformation of the sample, the detection coefficient introduced into the CCD detector is gamma, and the initial voltage value U of the initial light flux converted by the A/D module is set0With initial luminous flux0Has a linear relation of U0＝0·γ。
After the single laser impact is completed, the deformation quantity generated by the point to be measured is set to be x, as shown in fig. 2, the passing space measurement laser sheet is shielded by the deformation part of the sample, and the shielded luminous flux isxFrom the scaling relationship, it can be written as:
at this time, the detected voltage value UxComprises the following steps:
the deformation x and the initial luminous flux can be calculated by the above formula0Initial voltage value U0Voltage value U detected by detection pointxThe relationship between them is:
the above formula shows that the deformation x and the voltage value U detected by the detection pointxThere is a one-to-one correspondence relationship between them, and the accurate deformation of the detection point can be obtained only by reading the voltage value detected by the detection point.
As shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment of the utility model, this material deformation detecting system includes sample holder 7, and the sample that awaits measuring is placed on sample holder, and this system still includes and strikes laser light path, deformation detection light path, luminous flux detector and oscilloscope, and in order to guarantee the accuracy of deformation detection, the light path of deformation detection light path output is located same horizontal plane with strikeing the laser light path. The shock laser optical path of this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that it includes the first laser emitting portion 1, the beam splitting unit 11, and the optical switch 12. In this embodiment, the first laser emitting unit is the same as the above-mentioned embodiment, and the high-power Q-switched neodymium glass solid-state laser 1 is selected, the laser emitted from the laser 1 is split into two laser beams with different directions after passing through the light splitting unit 11, and in this embodiment, the light splitting unit selects a light splitting prism with a suitable splitting ratio (10R/90T) to transmit most of the laser energy to the surface of the sample to be impacted. Preferably, a lens 10 is arranged between the beam splitter prism and the sample holder, and the beam splitter prism 11 transmits most of the laser light to the lens 10 and focuses the laser light through the lens to the surface of the impact sample. Another small part of the laser signal is reflected and transmitted to the optical switch 12 through the beam splitting prism 11, and in this embodiment, the optical switch 12 is preferably a photodiode, and the photodiode is connected to an oscilloscope 13. The response speed of the photodiode in the embodiment is less than or equal to 1ns and is far less than dozens of ns in the transient laser impact process, and the transient dynamic luminous flux signal can be guaranteed to be measured to the maximum extent. The sensitivity of the detection system is largely determined by the response speed of the photodiode.
Once laser shock starts, the photodiode 12 receives the light splitting amount from the light splitting prism 11 so as to trigger a data acquisition channel switch of the oscilloscope 13 to start data acquisition, transient deformation information generated by a shock sample carried by a space laser sheet under the action of high-energy laser is acquired here, and the transient response process of the laser shock is dozens of ns, so that accidental errors generated by the device can be avoided as much as possible by adopting the photodiode with the response speed of less than or equal to 1ns, the detection sensitivity of a signal acquisition part is determined by the response speeds of the photodiode 12 and the oscilloscope 13, the response speed of the selected photodiode is in the ns level, the oscilloscope has high response bandwidth, the whole process of transient shock can be recorded completely, and data reference is provided for the follow-up study of the maximum deformation of the transient shock sample.
The deformation detecting optical path is constituted as in the above-described embodiment, in which the light flux detector 9 is connected to the oscilloscope 13. The components of the other components involved in the deformation detection optical path in this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiment, and are not described herein again.
When the material deformation detection device of the embodiment is used for measuring the material deformation, the deformation detection light source is started to irradiate a sample, and the initial luminous flux passing through the sample is collected; and then starting a high-power impact laser light source to impact the surface of the sample, so that the sample generates instantaneous impact deformation with high strain rate, and simultaneously collecting the luminous flux passing through the instantaneous impact deformation sample with high strain rate. The amount of deformation is calculated from the value of the voltage corresponding to the luminous flux and the above-mentioned formula between the given amount of deformation and the value of the voltage.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be equivalent replacement modes, and all are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, this system contain the sample frame, and the sample that awaits measuring places in on the sample frame, its characterized in that still includes: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector;
the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected;
the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part, a space measurement laser sheet generation unit and a light flux detector, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the space measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a space measurement laser sheet, and the space measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and is input into the light flux detector.
2. The utility model provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, this system contain the sample frame, and the sample that awaits measuring places in on the sample frame, its characterized in that still includes: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path, a luminous flux detector and an oscilloscope;
the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, a light splitting unit and an optical switch, wherein the first laser emitting part emits a high-intensity laser signal, the high-intensity laser signal is divided into a shock laser signal and an optical switch signal through the light splitting unit, the shock laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected, and the optical switch signal is transmitted to the optical switch;
the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part, a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit and a light flux detector, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector;
wherein, the luminous flux detector and the photoswitch are respectively electrically connected with the oscilloscope.
3. The system for detecting material deformation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the deformation detection optical path, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit includes a beam expanding collimation portion and a rectangular spatially tunable slit, and the deformation detection optical signal emitted by the second laser emission portion is transmitted to the rectangular spatially tunable slit via the beam expanding collimation portion to form the spatial measurement laser sheet.
4. The material deformation detection system according to claim 3, wherein the shock laser optical path and the deformation detection optical path are located on the same horizontal plane, and a deformation detection optical signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit is perpendicular to the shock laser optical path.
5. A material deformation detection system as claimed in claim 4, wherein a high reflectivity mirror is disposed between the beam expanding collimating part and the rectangular spatially tunable slit, the deformation detection optical signal is focused by the beam expanding collimating part and transmitted to the high reflectivity mirror, and the high reflectivity mirror reflects the deformation detection optical signal to the rectangular spatially tunable slit.
6. The material deformation detecting system according to claim 4, wherein the impact laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample, and the deformation probe optical signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit passes along the back surface of the sample.
7. The material deformation detecting system according to claim 3, further comprising a third lens, wherein the spatial measurement laser sheet transmitted through the sample holder is focused by the third lens and then input to the light flux detector.
8. The material deformation sensing system of claim 7, wherein the beam expanding collimation portion is comprised of a first lens and a second lens.
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| CN111089543A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-01 | 华南师范大学 | Material deformation detecting system based on laser shot blasting |
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