CN111089543A - Material deformation detecting system based on laser shot blasting - Google Patents
Material deformation detecting system based on laser shot blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111089543A CN111089543A CN202010075549.2A CN202010075549A CN111089543A CN 111089543 A CN111089543 A CN 111089543A CN 202010075549 A CN202010075549 A CN 202010075549A CN 111089543 A CN111089543 A CN 111089543A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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Abstract
The invention relates to a material deformation detection system based on laser shot blasting, which comprises a sample rack, wherein a sample to be detected is placed on the sample rack, and the system also comprises: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of a sample to be detected; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector. The detection system has the advantages of simple measurement principle, easy operation, low cost and strong practicability, and can accurately measure the transient deformation of the impact sample material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material deformation detection, in particular to a material deformation detection system based on laser shot blasting.
Background
The laser shot blasting technology is a brand-new material surface modification technology, and can obtain higher surface residual compressive stress and a deeper stress influence layer, so that the mechanical properties of the material, such as strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue life and the like, are improved by 2-3 times compared with the traditional mechanical shot blasting technology. The distribution of residual stress is optimized by selecting proper laser peening parameters (such as laser spot size, laser power density and laser peening times), so that the mechanical property of the material is improved to different degrees.
Currently, the new method for obtaining the information of the deformation amount of the surface of the part mainly comprises the following steps: optical detection methods based on the principle of light interference diffraction also include new methods such as ultrasonic detection, nuclear magnetic resonance technology, industrial CT scanning, and the like. The traditional contact type deformation measurement method can better realize single-point positioning, but has low efficiency, and a mechanical probe needs to contact the surface of a workpiece, so that a material to be formed can be damaged to a certain extent; although the optical fiber interferometer based on the optical fiber interference principle has high precision and high speed, the installation and debugging of the interferometer are difficult, and the practical performance of the optical fiber interferometer is greatly reduced due to more interference on an industrial field; the cost of using industrial CT and nuclear magnetic resonance technology is higher, the requirements on the use environment are also strict, and the economical efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a material deformation detection system based on laser shot blasting, which has the advantages of simple measurement principle, easy operation, low cost and strong practicability. Based on the above purpose, the invention at least provides the following technical scheme:
a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening comprises a sample frame, wherein a sample to be detected is placed on the sample frame, and the system further comprises: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the space measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a space measurement laser sheet, and the space measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and is input into the light flux detector.
A material deformation detecting system based on laser peening comprises a sample frame, wherein a sample to be detected is placed on the sample frame, and the system further comprises: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path, a luminous flux detector and an oscilloscope; the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, a light splitting unit and an optical switch, wherein the first laser emitting part emits a high-intensity laser signal, the high-intensity laser signal is divided into a shock laser signal and an optical switch signal through the light splitting unit, the shock laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected, and the optical switch signal is transmitted to the optical switch; the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part and a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector; wherein, the luminous flux detector and the photoswitch are respectively electrically connected with the oscilloscope.
Furthermore, in the deformation detection light path, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit includes a beam expanding collimation portion and a rectangular spatial adjustable slit, and a deformation detection light signal emitted by the second laser emission portion is transmitted to the rectangular spatial adjustable slit after passing through the beam expanding collimation portion to form the spatial measurement laser sheet.
Furthermore, the impact laser light path and the deformation detection light path are located on the same horizontal plane, and a deformation detection light signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit is perpendicular to the impact laser light path.
Furthermore, a high-reflectivity mirror is arranged between the beam expanding collimation part and the rectangular space adjustable slit, the deformed detection light signal is focused by the beam expanding collimation part and then transmitted to the high-reflectivity mirror, and the high-reflectivity mirror reflects the deformed detection light signal to the rectangular space adjustable slit.
Further, the impact laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample, and the deformation detection optical signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit passes through the back of the sample.
Further, the beam expanding and collimating part is composed of a first lens and a second lens.
Further, the space measurement laser sheet transmitted through the sample holder is focused by a third lens and then input to the luminous flux detector.
A material deformation detection method based on laser peening comprises the following steps:
irradiating a sample by using a deformation detection light source, and collecting initial light flux passing through the sample;
and impacting the surface of the sample by adopting a high-power impact laser light source to ensure that the sample generates high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation, and simultaneously collecting the luminous flux passing through the high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation sample.
Further, the initial light flux is the light flux which is irradiated by the deformation detection light source and does not pass through the sample impacted by the laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the material deformation detection system based on laser peening combines an optical detection means and a mechanical peening means, in the optical detection means, through the arrangement of a deformation detection light path and an impact laser light path, a detection light source in the deformation detection light path is used for irradiating a sample to be impacted, an impact laser source in the impact laser light path is used for impacting the surface of the sample, and the deformation quantity of the impact sample is obtained by collecting the light flux of the sample before and after impact. The deformation detection system provides a new research idea for quantitative research work of laser peening parameters on the instantaneous plastic deformation of the laser peening target, and expands a new method for other fields of subsequent laser processing (such as laser precision impact forming).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deformation detection system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the local deformation of a sample of the present invention when impacted by an impact laser signal.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a deformation detection system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail below. As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a material deformation detection system based on laser peening, which includes a sample holder 7, and a sample to be detected is placed on the sample holder 7. The system also comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a light flux detector. The shock laser light path includes a first laser emitting portion. In this embodiment, the first laser emitting portion 1 is preferably a high-power Q-switched neodymium glass solid-state laser, and typical parameters of the laser are as follows: the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the pulse width is less than or equal to 20ns, the pulse repetition frequency is 0.5Hz, and the spot radius of the laser is 4 mm. The output energy of the laser can be adjusted by pumping voltage, the load intensity of shock waves is different when the output energy of the laser is different, the emitted laser can be focused on the surface of a sample to be formed by impact after passing through the focusing lens 10, high-strength laser energy is absorbed by a coating material in a very short time to form compact high-temperature and high-pressure plasma, the plasma can expand and explode after continuously absorbing energy, high-strength shock waves which are propagated to the inside of metal can be generated due to the action of the constraint layer, the material generates dynamic response with high strain rate, the microstructure change of the final material generates plastic deformation, the mechanical property of the impact sample is improved, and the single impact forming of the laser forming is completed at the moment.
The deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part 2 and a space measurement laser sheet generating unit. In order to ensure the accuracy of deformation detection, the light path output by the deformation detection light path and the impact laser light path are positioned on the same horizontal plane. The second laser emitting part 2 emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generating unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generating unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample holder and is input into the light flux detector 9. The wavelength of the light source emitted by the second laser emitting part 2 should have good wavelength matching with the detection wavelength of the light flux detector 9 loaded with the deformation quantity, so as to improve the response speed and detection precision of the detector to the maximum extent, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation. In this embodiment, the second laser emitting section 2 is a He-Ne laser having an emission wavelength of 632.8 nm.
The spatial measurement laser patch generation unit comprises a beam expanding collimation part consisting of a first lens 3 and a second lens group 4 and a rectangular spatially tunable slit 6. The rectangular space adjustable slit 6 is positioned in a horizontal plane formed by a light path output by the deformation detection light path and the impact laser light path, and a deformation detection light signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit 6 is perpendicular to the impact laser light path. The luminous flux detector 9 selects a detector loaded with dynamic deformation luminous flux information and having functions of detecting illuminance and brightness, such as: a light flux LUX LUX detection luminance meter light detector or a CCD detector for a common optical experiment platform.
The laser beam of 2 outgoing of laser passes through first lens 3 with the light beam focus on image space focal plane, and the object space focal plane of second lens 4 coincides with the image space focal plane of first lens 3, has then constituted a simple light beam and has expanded the collimation portion, and the laser beam has just reached the purpose of expanding the beam and collimating after this light beam expands the collimation portion. In this embodiment, a high-reflectivity mirror 5 is disposed between the second lens 4 and the rectangular space-adjustable slit 6, and the laser beam after beam expansion and collimation changes its propagation direction through the high-reflectivity mirror 5 to ensure that the direction of the detection laser beam is parallel to the surface of the sample to be detected; the laser beam after being reversed by the reflectivity mirror 5 is emitted to the rectangular space adjustable slit 6, on the premise of neglecting the weak diffraction effect of the edge, the shape of the laser beam after passing through the slit is a space measurement laser sheet with the space intensity approximately uniformly distributed in the measurement range of the detector 9, and the size of the space measurement laser sheet can be changed according to the size of the specific predicted material deformation, for example, the laser beam can be realized by changing the focal length of the beam expanding collimating lens and the size of the slit 6; after single laser shock forming is finished, the strong shock wave causes the surface of the sample to generate obvious protrusion deformation, the slit 6 is positioned in a horizontal plane formed by a light path output by the deformation detection light path and a shock laser light path, and the horizontal plane is vertical to the surface of the sample to be measured, so the protrusion deformation formed by the impacted material can shield the space measurement laser sheet, different deformation quantities correspond to different shielding quantities, namely, dynamic deformation quantity information is loaded into light flux information of the space measurement laser sheet; the light beam loaded with the deformation information is focused by the third lens 8, and the information is input into the light flux detector CCD 9. The light flux signal collected by the CCD 9 is a voltage signal converted by the a/D module. The CCD 9 outputs the voltage signal.
Next, a method of inverting the amount of deformation according to the luminous flux of the present invention will be explained: FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the local deformation of a sample of the present invention when impacted by an impact laser signal. The length of the space measurement laser sheet is set to be L, the L is as long as the slit 6, and the CCD measures the light flux gamma of the sample to be measured when the sample is not impacted by the impact laser signal0That is, the initial light flux not shielded by the deformation of the sample, the detection coefficient introduced into the CCD detector is gamma, and the initial voltage value U of the initial light flux converted by the A/D module is set0With an initial luminous flux gamma0Has a linear relation of U0＝Γ0·γ。
After the laser single impact is finished, the point to be measured is set to generateThe deformation amount is x, as shown in FIG. 2, when the passing space measuring laser is partially shielded by the deformation of the sample, the shielded light flux is ΓxFrom the scaling relationship, it can be written as:
at this time, the detected voltage value UxComprises the following steps:
the deformation x and the initial luminous flux gamma can be calculated by the above formula without difficulty0Initial voltage value U0Voltage value U detected by detection pointxThe relationship between them is:
the above formula shows that the deformation x and the voltage value U detected by the detection pointxThere is a one-to-one correspondence relationship between them, and the accurate deformation of the detection point can be obtained only by reading the voltage value detected by the detection point.
As shown in fig. 3, in another embodiment of the present invention, the material deformation detection system includes a sample holder 7, on which a sample to be detected is placed, an impact laser path, a deformation detection optical path, a light flux detector, and an oscilloscope, where in order to ensure accuracy of deformation detection, an optical path output by the deformation detection optical path and the impact laser path are located on the same horizontal plane. The shock laser optical path of this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that it includes the first laser emitting portion 1, the beam splitting unit 11, and the optical switch 12. In this embodiment, the first laser emitting unit is the same as the above-mentioned embodiment, and the high-power Q-switched neodymium glass solid-state laser 1 is selected, the laser emitted from the laser 1 is split into two laser beams with different directions after passing through the light splitting unit 11, and in this embodiment, the light splitting unit selects a light splitting prism with a suitable splitting ratio (10R/90T) to transmit most of the laser energy to the surface of the sample to be impacted. Preferably, a lens 10 is arranged between the beam splitter prism and the sample holder, and the beam splitter prism 11 transmits most of the laser light to the lens 10 and focuses the laser light through the lens to the surface of the impact sample. Another small part of the laser signal is reflected and transmitted to the optical switch 12 through the beam splitting prism 11, and in this embodiment, the optical switch 12 is preferably a photodiode, and the photodiode is connected to an oscilloscope 13. The response speed of the photodiode in the embodiment is less than or equal to 1ns and is far less than dozens of ns in the transient laser impact process, and the transient dynamic luminous flux signal can be guaranteed to be measured to the maximum extent. The sensitivity of the detection system is largely determined by the response speed of the photodiode.
Once laser shock starts, the photodiode 12 receives the light splitting amount from the light splitting prism 11 so as to trigger a data acquisition channel switch of the oscilloscope 13 to start data acquisition, transient deformation information generated by a shock sample carried by a space laser sheet under the action of high-energy laser is acquired here, and the transient response process of the laser shock is dozens of ns, so that accidental errors generated by the device can be avoided as much as possible by adopting the photodiode with the response speed of less than or equal to 1ns, the detection sensitivity of a signal acquisition part is determined by the response speeds of the photodiode 12 and the oscilloscope 13, the response speed of the selected photodiode is in the ns level, the oscilloscope has high response bandwidth, the whole process of transient shock can be recorded completely, and data reference is provided for the follow-up study of the maximum deformation of the transient shock sample.
The deformation detecting optical path is constituted as in the above-described embodiment, in which the light flux detector 9 is connected to the oscilloscope 13. The components of the other components involved in the deformation detection optical path in this embodiment are the same as those in the above embodiment, and are not described herein again.
When the material deformation detection device of the embodiment is used for measuring the material deformation, the deformation detection light source is started to irradiate a sample, and the initial luminous flux passing through the sample is collected; and then starting an impact laser light source to irradiate the surface of the sample, so that the sample is subjected to impact deformation, and simultaneously collecting the luminous flux of the sample subjected to impact deformation. The amount of deformation is calculated from the value of the voltage corresponding to the luminous flux and the above-mentioned formula between the given amount of deformation and the value of the voltage.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, this system contain the sample frame, and the sample that awaits measuring places in on the sample frame, its characterized in that still includes: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path and a luminous flux detector;
the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, the first laser emitting part emits shock laser signals, and the shock laser signals are transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected;
the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part, a space measurement laser sheet generation unit and a light flux detector, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the space measurement laser sheet generation unit, the space measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a space measurement laser sheet, and the space measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and is input into the light flux detector.
2. The utility model provides a material deformation detecting system based on laser peening, this system contain the sample frame, and the sample that awaits measuring places in on the sample frame, its characterized in that still includes: the device comprises an impact laser light path, a deformation detection light path, a luminous flux detector and an oscilloscope;
the shock laser light path comprises a first laser emitting part, a light splitting unit and an optical switch, wherein the first laser emitting part emits a high-intensity laser signal, the high-intensity laser signal is divided into a shock laser signal and an optical switch signal through the light splitting unit, the shock laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample to be detected, and the optical switch signal is transmitted to the optical switch;
the deformation detection light path comprises a second laser emitting part, a spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit and a light flux detector, the second laser emitting part emits a deformation detection light signal, the deformation detection light signal is transmitted to the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit converts the deformation detection light signal into a spatial measurement laser sheet, and the spatial measurement laser sheet is transmitted through the sample frame and input into the light flux detector;
wherein, the luminous flux detector and the photoswitch are respectively electrically connected with the oscilloscope.
3. The material deformation detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the deformation detection optical path, the spatial measurement laser sheet generation unit includes a beam expanding collimation portion and a rectangular spatially tunable slit, and the deformation detection optical signal emitted by the second laser emission portion is transmitted to the rectangular spatially tunable slit via the beam expanding collimation portion to form the spatial measurement laser sheet.
4. The material deformation detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the shock laser light path and the deformation detecting light path are located on the same horizontal plane, and a deformation detecting light signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit is perpendicular to the shock laser light path.
5. A material deformation detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a high-reflectivity mirror is disposed between the beam expanding collimating section and the rectangular spatially tunable slit, the deformation detection optical signal is focused by the beam expanding collimating section and transmitted to the high-reflectivity mirror, and the high-reflectivity mirror reflects the deformation detection optical signal to the rectangular spatially tunable slit.
6. The material deformation detecting device according to claim 4, wherein the impact laser signal is transmitted to the surface of the sample, and the deformation detecting optical signal transmitted through the rectangular space adjustable slit passes along the back surface of the sample.
7. The material deformation detecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the beam expanding and collimating section is composed of a first lens and a second lens.
8. A material deformation sensing device in accordance with any one of claims 1, 2, 4-6, further comprising a third lens, wherein the space measuring laser transmitted through the sample holder is focused by the third lens and then inputted to the light flux sensor.
9. A material deformation detection method based on laser shot peening is characterized by comprising the following steps:
irradiating a sample by using a deformation detection light source, and collecting initial light flux passing through the sample;
and impacting the surface of the sample by adopting a high-power impact laser light source to ensure that the sample generates high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation, and simultaneously collecting the luminous flux passing through the high-strain-rate instantaneous impact deformation sample.
10. A method for detecting deformation of a material according to claim 9, wherein the initial light flux is a light flux of the deformation detecting light source which irradiates the sample without being hit by the laser.
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