CN211651213U - Device for treating electronic waste - Google Patents
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- CN211651213U CN211651213U CN202020221822.3U CN202020221822U CN211651213U CN 211651213 U CN211651213 U CN 211651213U CN 202020221822 U CN202020221822 U CN 202020221822U CN 211651213 U CN211651213 U CN 211651213U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a device for processing electronic waste, which comprises a lifter, a feeding groove, a furnace body, an induction furnace, a dust collector, a combustion furnace and a heat exchanger; the furnace body comprises a feed inlet, a feed section, a combustible gas outlet and a reduction melting section; the feeding hole is arranged at the top of the furnace body, and the input groove is fixedly arranged on the feeding hole; the feeding section is connected with the feeding hole; the combustible gas outlet is arranged on one side of the top of the reduction melting section; the feeding section is connected with the reduction melting section; the induction furnace is connected with the reduction melting section; the dust collector is connected with the combustion furnace and is conveyed to the bag-type dust collector through the fan; the heat exchanger and the combustion furnace are integrated equipment, and the heat exchanger is arranged above the combustion furnace. The novel energy-saving combustion device has the advantages of reasonable structural design, convenience in operation and use and low maintenance cost, dioxin is not easy to generate at high temperature, the yield of fly ash in the combustion process is low, the waste gas production is effectively reduced, the environment is protected, and the comprehensive utilization prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of, especially, relate to a device for handling electronic waste.
Background
The electronic waste is commonly called electronic garbage, and refers to electric appliances or electronic equipment which are abandoned and are not used any more, and mainly comprises household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, televisions and the like, and obsolete products of computer communication electronic products. The electronic waste has complex components, and common harmful substances comprise 6 major types: 1. metal and metal compound, 2, PVC plastic, 3, brominated flame retardant, 4, printing ink, 5, phosphide, 6 and phthalate ester. Electronic waste articles are various in types, and even products with the same function are greatly different in material selection, design and production, so that the electronic waste articles need to be manually split into components such as a printed circuit board, a cable, a wire, a picture tube and the like in the recovery processing process and then are subjected to quite complicated processing.
The existing treatment methods comprise 5 types of treatment methods, such as chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, landfill treatment, microbial treatment, incineration treatment and the like, and have a plurality of defects, which are specifically shown as follows:
1. chemical treatment: chemical treatment uses highly corrosive chemicals and produces large amounts of waste liquids and toxic gases.
2. Mechanical treatment: the disassembly of the electronic waste in the mechanical treatment process is usually performed manually, and the efficiency is low.
3. And (3) landfill treatment: after landfill treatment, toxic chemicals in the electronic waste can permeate into soil or be released into the atmosphere, and affect nearby communities and environments.
4. And (3) treating the microorganisms: the part of the electronic waste which is easy to be decomposed by the microorganisms is generally low, the time period of the microbial treatment is long, and the efficiency is low.
5. Incineration treatment: at present, in the field of solid waste treatment, an incineration method is generally adopted in the world, and a mechanical grate incinerator and a circulating fluidized bed incinerator are two common types, and the total market share exceeds 95%. The disadvantages of these two types of furnaces for incineration disposal of electronic waste are as follows:
(1) when the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator are used for treating the electronic waste, pretreatment or pre-sorting is needed. The two incinerators need to sort the raw materials and then crush the raw materials to be less than 20mm, and the process is complex.
(2) The temperature in the furnace body is 850-1000 ℃ during operation. Due to the low temperature, the strong carcinogen dioxin in the exhaust gas cannot be effectively controlled. When the electronic waste contains PVC plastic and brominated flame retardant, a large amount of dioxin can be released during burning.
(3) The residence time of the electronic waste in the furnace body is only a few seconds during operation. The residence time of the flue gas is controlled to be several seconds, which is not beneficial to controlling dioxin in the waste gas.
(4) The combustion process is not very complete resulting in a large fly ash yield. The fly ash output of the mechanical grate incinerator is 2-5% of the electronic garbage amount, and the fly ash output of the circulating fluidized bed incinerator is 10-15%. The fly ash contains more harmful substances such as dioxin and the like, and belongs to dangerous solid waste. The large fly ash yield causes difficulties in subsequent treatment.
(5) The combustion process is not very complete resulting in high solid slag yields. The solid slag generated in the incineration process of the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator accounts for 15-25% of the electronic waste. Electronic waste often contains a large amount of metals, resulting in heavy metal content in solid slag as high as thousands of mg/kg, which is a new hazardous solid waste.
(6) The air requirement is large during operation. The air excess coefficient alpha is generally 1.6 when the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator operate, and because the air is obviously excessive, the waste gas generation amount is large, and the treatment cost is high.
(7) The dust content in the flue gas is high. In order to ensure the combustion effect and inhibit the generation of dioxin, the combustion areas of the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator must be fully mixed when in operation, so that the dust content at the outlet of the incinerator is about 3500mg/m3, and the subsequent bag-type dust remover has high operation load.
(8) When the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator are used for treating electronic wastes, the content of acidic substances in the gas at the outlet of the incinerator body is higher. The burning process of PVC in electronic waste produces a large amount of contaminants containing chlorine, sulfur. The outlet concentration of the furnace sulfur dioxide SO2 and the hydrogen chloride HCl is generally hundreds of mg/m3 or even thousands of mg/m 3. In order to meet the regulations of acid material emission, a deacidification tower must be arranged behind the incinerator.
(9) The incineration process of the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator belongs to oxidation reaction, and heavy metals in the electronic waste are oxidized to form metal oxides (such as Fe, Zn, Pb and the like) within the temperature range of 600-1000 ℃. Heavy metal oxide entering solid slag can become over standard slag heavy metal, and the environmental hazard is great.
The utility model discloses just provide based on above-mentioned research background, aim at a device for handling electronic waste, overcome the above-mentioned defect that mechanical grate burns burning furnace and circulating fluidized bed and burns burning furnace existence.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a: the utility model provides a device for handling electronic waste, it has that structural design is reasonable, operation convenient to use, maintenance cost are low advantage, can also realize that difficult dioxin that generates, combustion process flying dust output are less under the high temperature, effectively reduce the waste gas production volume, are favorable to the environmental protection, and the comprehensive utilization prospect is wide.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for treating electronic waste adopts a low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace, and the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace comprises a lifter, a feeding groove, a furnace body, an induction furnace, a dust collector, a combustion furnace and a heat exchanger; the furnace body comprises a feeding hole, a feeding section, a combustible gas outlet and a reduction melting section; the feeding hole is formed in the top of the furnace body, and the feeding groove is fixedly formed in the feeding hole; the feeding section is connected with the feeding hole; the combustible gas outlet is arranged on one side of the top of the reduction melting section; the feeding section is connected with the reduction melting section; the induction furnace is connected with the reduction melting section; the lifter comprises a lifter and a mechanical grab bucket; the lifter and the mechanical grab bucket are matched with each other to grab and lift the electronic waste to be treated into the feeding groove, and the electronic waste enters the reduction melting section through the feeding hole and the feeding section in sequence; the dust collector is connected with the combustion furnace and used for collecting dust generated in the combustion furnace and conveying the dust to the bag-type dust collector through the fan; the heat exchanger and the combustion furnace are integrated equipment, and the heat exchanger is arranged above the combustion furnace and is used for transmitting heat generated in the combustion furnace to a cogeneration generator or a heat pump and using the heat generated in the combustion furnace for heat preservation of the melting reduction section of the furnace body.
As a further optimization of the above solution, the heat exchanger is a fluid-coupled indirect heat exchanger. Specifically, the indirect heat exchanger with fluid connection is a heat exchanger in which a high-temperature fluid heat exchanger and a low-temperature fluid heat exchanger are connected by a heat carrier circulating therein, the heat carrier circulates between the high-temperature fluid heat exchanger and the low-temperature fluid heat exchanger, the high-temperature fluid heat exchanger receives heat, and the low-temperature fluid heat exchanger releases the heat to the low-temperature fluid.
As a further optimization of the scheme, the combustion furnace is a regenerative combustion furnace; the number of which is two and which fit each other. The purpose of this arrangement is to make the furnace in a heat accumulation and heat release alternating operation for energy saving.
As a further optimization of the above solution, the apparatus further comprises a cooling tower connected to the elevator by means of a connection and a fastening. The purpose of this is: the cooling tower absorbs heat from the melting reduction section of the furnace body and discharges the heat to the atmosphere, heat exchange is carried out to generate steam after water and air flow contact, and the steam volatilizes and takes away the heat for heat dissipation.
Adopt the utility model discloses a device for handling electronic waste has following beneficial effect:
(1) the operation temperature of the low-carbon direct melting reduction reaction furnace is generally 1500-2000 ℃, and can reach about 2500 ℃ at most, which is greatly higher than that of a mechanical grate incinerator and a circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and dioxin is not easy to generate at the high temperature.
(2) When the reactor is operated, the electronic waste stays in the low-carbon direct melting reduction reaction furnace body for tens of minutes to hours, and the control of dioxin in waste gas is facilitated.
(3) The combustion process is quite complete resulting in less fly ash production. The fly ash yield of the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace is 2% -5% of the electronic waste amount, and the fly ash is collected by a dust collector and then returned to the furnace body for treatment, so that the fly ash is not discharged outside.
(4) The combustion process is complete and all is liquid slag. The liquid slag discharged from the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace can be used for producing heat-insulating cotton through a wire drawing process, and the comprehensive utilization prospect is wide.
(5) The air requirement is small during operation. The air excess coefficient alpha is generally 1.1-1.3 when the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace operates, and compared with a mechanical grate incinerator and a circulating fluidized bed incinerator, the waste gas production amount of the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace is reduced by more than 20%.
(6) The dust content in the smoke is low. The low-carbon direct melting reduction reaction furnace works according to the moving bed principle, materials move slowly in the furnace body, the dust content at the outlet of the incinerator is less than 60mg/m3, the dust content is only 1/50 of a mechanical grate incinerator and a circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and the operation load of a subsequent bag-type dust remover is very low.
(7) During operation, limestone can be added into the low-carbon direct melting reduction reaction furnace for deacidification in the furnace, and a deacidification tower is not needed to be arranged behind the incinerator.
(8) The operation temperature of the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace is generally 1500-2000 ℃, which is completely different from the operation mechanism of the mechanical grate incinerator and the circulating fluidized bed incinerator, and the incineration process of the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace belongs to the reduction reaction.
(9) The low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace does not need the pretreatment process of electronic wastes, saves a pretreatment plant room and equipment, and can save initial investment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for treating electronic waste according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the apparatus for treating electronic waste according to the present invention in detail with reference to fig. 1.
A device for processing electronic waste adopts a low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace, and the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace comprises a lifter 1, a feeding groove 2, a furnace body 3, an induction furnace 4, a dust collector 5, a combustion furnace 6 and a heat exchanger 7; the furnace body comprises a feed inlet 8, a feed section 9, a combustible gas outlet 10 and a reduction melting section 11; the feeding hole is formed in the top of the furnace body, and the feeding groove is fixedly formed in the feeding hole; the feeding section is connected with the feeding hole; the combustible gas outlet is arranged on one side of the top of the reduction melting section; the feeding section is connected with the reduction melting section; the induction furnace is connected with the reduction melting section; the lifter comprises a lifter and a mechanical grab bucket; the lifter and the mechanical grab bucket are matched with each other to grab and lift the electronic waste to be treated into the feeding groove, and the electronic waste enters the reduction melting section through the feeding hole and the feeding section in sequence; the dust collector is connected with the combustion furnace and used for collecting dust generated in the combustion furnace and conveying the dust to the bag-type dust collector through the fan; the heat exchanger and the combustion furnace are integrated equipment, and the heat exchanger is arranged above the combustion furnace and is used for transmitting heat generated in the combustion furnace to a cogeneration generator or a heat pump and using the heat generated in the combustion furnace for heat preservation of the melting reduction section of the furnace body.
The heat exchanger is a fluid connection indirect heat exchanger, the fluid connection indirect heat exchanger is a heat exchanger which connects a high-temperature fluid heat exchanger and a low-temperature fluid heat exchanger by a heat carrier circulating in the fluid connection indirect heat exchanger, the heat carrier circulates between the high-temperature fluid heat exchanger and the low-temperature fluid heat exchanger, the high-temperature fluid heat exchanger receives heat, and the low-temperature fluid heat exchanger releases the heat to the low-temperature fluid.
The combustion furnace is a regenerative combustion furnace; the number of the combustion furnaces is two, and the combustion furnaces are mutually matched to enable the combustion furnaces to be in a heat accumulation and heat release alternative working state for energy conservation.
The apparatus further comprises a cooling tower 12 connected to the lift by means of connectors and fasteners; the cooling tower absorbs heat from the melting reduction section of the furnace body and discharges the heat to the atmosphere, heat exchange is carried out to generate steam after water and air flow contact, and the steam volatilizes and takes away the heat for heat dissipation.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation for handling electronic waste's device as follows:
1) a preparation stage: lifting the electronic waste materials to a position 30-50 cm above the feeding groove by using a lifter, so that the materials smoothly slide into the furnace body through the feeding groove; adding fuel to the furnace through an automatic feed system; starting a self-checking system, and checking the pressure, the temperature and the gas concentration of the system;
2) and (3) a combustion stage: starting a dust collector, igniting a combustion furnace, simultaneously starting a heat exchanger, monitoring the temperature in the furnace body, monitoring the concentration of each gas in the furnace body, monitoring the liquid level of liquid slag in an induction furnace, and entering an operation program locking state when the temperature of the furnace body rises to a rated value;
3) treatment stage of the final product: after the whole device is operated for a period of time and slag tapping is needed, a mechanical arm with a tungsten carbide drill bit is used for drilling holes at a determined position on the outer wall of the induction furnace until the holes penetrate through the furnace body of the induction furnace and enter a gap between hanging bricks of the induction furnace; the drill bit is pulled out, and slag tapping can be realized;
4) after deslagging, the mechanical arm with the tungsten carbide drill bit moves along the original route until a hole just drilled is blocked; a small amount of liquid slag outside the hole is instantly condensed under the cooling action of air, and the hole which is just drilled is sealed; pulling out the drill bit, and finishing the slag tapping process;
5) during operation, the drill bit is not suitable to be used for drilling the same position twice continuously for slag tapping.
The following brief description of the operating parameters of the main structure is provided:
1. the heat exchanger has the following structural parameters and operating parameters:
(1) nominal diameter range (DN less than or equal to 4000mm), nominal pressure (PN less than or equal to 35MPa), shell wall thickness 3 '(76 mm), and stud maximum diameter 4' (102 mm).
(2) Flue gas parameters: inlet and outlet temperature: 1000 ℃/550 ℃; flue gas flow rate: 10800m3H; flue gas pressure: 0.003 mpa;
(3) air parameters: inlet and outlet temperature: 15 ℃/450 ℃; air flow rate: 9000m3H; working pressure: 0.014 mpa;
(4) heat exchange area: 101 square meters;
(5) the heat exchanger is made of the following materials: 2520/Q345R.
2. The combustion furnace is a regenerative combustion furnace, normal-temperature air can be heated in a short time, after the heated high-temperature air enters a hearth, flue gas in the surrounding furnace is sucked to form a thin oxygen-poor high-temperature airflow with the oxygen content greatly lower than 21%, fuel is injected near the thin high-temperature air, the fuel is combusted in an oxygen-poor (2% -20%) state, meanwhile, hot flue gas combusted in the hearth is exhausted through another regenerative combustion furnace, and sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas is stored in the other regenerative combustion furnace. The reversing valve with low working temperature is switched at a certain frequency, the common switching period is 30-200 seconds, and two regenerative combustion furnaces can be in a regenerative and exothermic alternative working state, so that the energy-saving purpose is achieved.
The specific combustion furnace structural parameters and operating parameters are as follows:
(1) area of furnace bottom: 1.9m2(ii) a The temperature of the hearth: 1500 ℃ is carried out; fuel name: natural gas; gas pressure in front of the furnace: 4-6 KPa; maximum natural gas consumption; 20-25Nm3H; the number of burners is: 1 pair; the combustion mode is as follows: oppositely burning; the heat accumulator form is as follows: high-alumina balls;
(2) the combustion furnace comprises an air blower and an induced draft fan, wherein the pressure of the air blower is 6000 Pa; the flow rate of the blower is as follows: 400m3H; pressure of the induced draft fan: 5000 Pa; flow of the induced draft fan: 650m3H; the pressure of the compressed air is 0.6 MPa;
(3) the exhaust temperature of the burner is less than or equal to 100 ℃.
3. The central part of the induction furnace is a dissolving chamber which surrounds furnace wall refractory bricks, an electric heating coil, an asbestos plate and a heat-insulating lining from outside to inside; at low levelWhen the carbon direct smelting reduction furnace is used for treating electronic waste, liquid slag is generated when the temperature of materials in the furnace body exceeds or is less than 1100 ℃; liquid slag slowly flows into the induction furnace under the action of gravity; because the density of the liquid slag is higher than that of the solid slag, the liquid slag is below the induction furnace, the solid slag is above the induction furnace, and the interface between the liquid slag and the solid slag gradually rises along with the prolonging of the operation time. For example, when the electronic waste contains 3 metals of zinc, iron and gold, and the materials are processed in a low-carbon direct smelting reduction furnace, the 3 metals of zinc, iron and gold are all reduced into zero-valent metal which is retained in liquid slag. The density of zinc is 7.14g/cm3Density of iron 7.9g/cm3Density of gold 19.3g/cm3Because the densities of the 3 metals are different, the content distribution of zinc in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the liquid slag is 60 percent, 30 percent and 10 percent. The content distribution of iron in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the liquid slag is 40%, 50% and 10%. The content distribution of gold in the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the liquid slag is 10%, 40% and 50%. The 3 kinds of zero-valent metals are distributed in the induction furnace in a clear gradient.
The following further illustrates the beneficial effects of the device for treating electronic waste according to the present invention by taking an electronic factory in a certain city as an example:
the yield of the electronic waste is 20 tons/day, the low-carbon direct smelting reduction furnace of the device for treating the electronic waste is adopted for treatment, and the smoke dust is discharged: the outlet of the hearth is less than or equal to 60mg/m3The outlet of the chimney is less than or equal to 5mg/m30.01-0.03ngTEQ/m of dioxin discharge amount3And discharging flue gas at the outlet of the hearth: hydrogen chloride 21.0-39mg/m356-72mg/m of oxysulfide336.96-83.57mg/m of nitrogen oxide3Carbon monoxide 2.5-27mg/m3. The emission concentration of various pollutants is obviously lower than that of a mechanical grate furnace and a fluidized bed incinerator. About 900kg of iron, zinc and gold alloy is produced per day. The liquid slag has the selling price of 1500-2000 RMB/ton, is used for producing aluminum silicate fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber felts and aluminum silicate fiber boards, and has good economic benefit.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate one of ordinary skill in the art to understand and practice the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments herein, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications and alterations made without departing from the scope of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a device for handling electronic waste, the device adopts low carbon direct melting reduction reacting furnace which characterized in that: the low-carbon direct smelting reduction reaction furnace comprises a lifter (1), a feeding groove (2), a furnace body (3), an induction furnace (4), a dust collector (5), a combustion furnace (6) and a heat exchanger (7); wherein the furnace body comprises a feed inlet (8), a feed section (9), a combustible gas outlet (10) and a reduction melting section (11); the feeding hole is formed in the top of the furnace body, and the feeding groove is fixedly formed in the feeding hole; the feeding section is connected with the feeding hole; the combustible gas outlet is arranged on one side of the top of the reduction melting section; the feeding section is connected with the reduction melting section; the induction furnace is connected with the reduction melting section; the lifter comprises a lifter and a mechanical grab bucket; the lifter and the mechanical grab bucket are matched with each other to grab and lift the electronic waste to be treated into the feeding groove, and the electronic waste enters the reduction melting section through the feeding hole and the feeding section in sequence; the dust collector is connected with the combustion furnace and used for collecting dust generated in the combustion furnace and conveying the dust to the bag-type dust collector through the fan; the heat exchanger and the combustion furnace are integrated equipment, and the heat exchanger is arranged above the combustion furnace and is used for transmitting heat generated in the combustion furnace to a cogeneration generator or a heat pump and using the heat generated in the combustion furnace for heat preservation of the melting reduction section of the furnace body.
2. An apparatus for processing electronic waste as defined in claim 1, wherein: the heat exchanger is a fluid-coupled indirect heat exchanger.
3. An apparatus for processing electronic waste as defined in claim 2, wherein: the combustion furnace is a regenerative combustion furnace; the number of which is two and which fit each other.
4. An apparatus for processing electronic waste as defined in claim 3, wherein: the apparatus also includes a cooling tower (12) connected to the lift by connectors and fasteners.
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| CN202020221822.3U CN211651213U (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2020-02-27 | Device for treating electronic waste |
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| CN202020221822.3U CN211651213U (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2020-02-27 | Device for treating electronic waste |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111174575A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 北京保利洁科技发展有限公司 | Device for treating electronic waste and using method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111174575A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-05-19 | 北京保利洁科技发展有限公司 | Device for treating electronic waste and using method thereof |
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