CN211629275U

CN211629275U - Phased array antenna

Info

Publication number: CN211629275U
Application number: CN202020562072.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 文林顺
Original assignee: Sichuan Huiying Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Huiying Photoelectric Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-16
Filing date: 2020-04-16
Publication date: 2020-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2030-04-16

Abstract

The application relates to the field of wireless communication, and discloses a phased array antenna which comprises an antenna array, a TR component, a feed wave control module, a power supply module, a channel module and an antenna array panel for installing the antenna array; installing and fixing a clamping piece of the TR component, wherein the top of the clamping piece is in contact with the panel of the antenna array; the heat transfer piece is used for radiating heat of the TR component, and the inner wall of the heat transfer piece is contacted with the clamping piece; and the antenna array panel, the clamping piece, the heat transfer piece and the heat dissipation plate form a cavity for accommodating the TR component, the feed wave control module, the power supply module and the channel module. The utility model discloses set up the heat transfer piece between TR subassembly and heating panel, establish the heat flow path of TR subassembly, guarantee the heat dissipation of the most important heat source among the phased array antenna.

Description

Phased array antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a wireless communication field, concretely relates to phased array antenna.

Background

A phased array antenna refers to an antenna that changes a pattern shape by controlling a feeding phase of a radiation element in an array antenna. The control phase can change the direction of the maximum value of the antenna pattern so as to achieve the purpose of beam scanning. In the phased array antenna, the most important heat source TR component is far away from a heat dissipation plate, heat generated by the TR component can be transferred to the heat dissipation plate only after passing through a feed network, a power supply module, a wave control network and a channel module, and the heat resistance is large and is not beneficial to heat dissipation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the problem that the TR subassembly radiating effect that prior art exists is not good, the application provides a phased array antenna.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

a phased array antenna comprises an antenna array, a TR component, a feed wave control module, a power supply module, a channel module and an antenna array panel for installing the antenna array; installing and fixing a clamping piece of the TR component, wherein the top of the clamping piece is in contact with the panel of the antenna array; the heat transfer piece is used for radiating heat of the TR component, and the inner wall of the heat transfer piece is contacted with the clamping piece; and the antenna array panel, the clamping piece, the heat transfer piece and the heat dissipation plate form a cavity for accommodating the TR component, the feed wave control module, the power supply module and the channel module.

The most important heat source among the phased array antenna is the TR subassembly, and the TR subassembly is far away from constant temperature heating panel distance, and the heating panel just can be transmitted to after the heat need pass through feed wave accuse module, power, sleeve and channel, and thermal flow path is obstructed between TR subassembly and the heating panel, and the thermal resistance is big.

The antenna array is arranged on the antenna array panel to form a two-dimensional antenna array surface, and the position of each antenna array radiation unit in the array is accurately ensured. The card piece can the fixed TR module of installation, makes the whole of the peripheral cooperation phased array antenna of TR module, forms fragment of brick formula structure, and this scheme is through additionally installing the heat transfer member additional and strengthening the heat transfer efficiency of TR subassembly to the heating panel, and simultaneously, antenna array panel and heat transfer member contact for antenna array panel can keep apart antenna array and TR module to a certain extent, also can in time dispel the heat.

It should be noted that the heat transfer element is arranged to establish a heat flow path between the TR component and the heat dissipation plate, and the heat transfer element and the heat dissipation plate both function to help each component in the phased array antenna dissipate heat, and there are several arrangements: 1. the heat dissipation plate is used as a main heat dissipation element, devices with obvious heat dissipation effects such as an air-cooled heat dissipation plate, a liquid circulation heat dissipation device or a constant-temperature heat dissipation plate are adopted, and the heat transfer element is used as an auxiliary heat dissipation element and is a simpler device such as metal or metal alloy; 2. considering that the whole heat productivity in a cavity formed by an antenna array panel, a heat transfer element and a heat dissipation plate is large, and the temperature difference among all components is not large because all components of the phased array antenna are closely connected, in order to strengthen the heat dissipation, the heat transfer element and the heat dissipation plate adopt devices with obvious heat dissipation effects such as an air cooling heat dissipation sheet, a liquid circulation heat dissipation device or a constant temperature heat dissipation plate; 3. since the TR component is the primary heat source, the heat transfer element can be used as the primary heat dissipation element and the heat dissipation plate can be used for auxiliary heat dissipation in order to save cost.

Furthermore, the inner wall of the heat transfer element is sequentially contacted with the clamping piece, the feed wave control module and the channel module from top to bottom, and the top surface of the heat dissipation plate is contacted with the channel module.

Phased array antenna in this scheme adopts the fragment of brick formula overall arrangement, and antenna array panel, TR subassembly, feed wave accuse module and channel module are installed and are contacted with the heat transfer member according to the data transmission direction in the phased array antenna from top to bottom according to the order for every module all have with the heating panel between the heat flow path, full play heat transfer member's effect. Meanwhile, the modules are combined to form a compact structure.

Furthermore, the clamping piece consists of a left clamping piece and a right clamping piece which are detachably connected, and the inner wall of the clamping piece is matched with the TR component.

The structure of fastener is further optimized to this scheme, establishes the fastener into two parts about can dismantling the connection, and left fastener and right fastener lock press from both sides tight TR subassembly, can guarantee the installation stability of TR subassembly in phased array antenna, convenient to detach overhauls again.

Furthermore, the antenna array is composed of a plurality of antenna array element two-dimensional arrays, the TR component is composed of a plurality of TR modules, each TR module comprises a plurality of TR channels, and the number of the TR channels is the same as that of the antenna array elements.

The working principle is as follows: taking 240 array elements as an example to form a two-dimensional antenna array, there are 240 TR channels in the TR module correspondingly. The 240 array elements are evenly divided into four quadrants which are a first sub-array, a second sub-array, a third sub-array and a fourth sub-array respectively, and each sub-array has different functions under different working states of the phased array antenna. It should be noted that the number of array elements and the number of quadrants are set according to the actual use requirement.

Further, the chips are assembled on two sides of the TR modules, and the TR channels in one TR module share one control interface and one power supply interface.

The design of this scheme can reduce the control and the power supply interface of TR module, and the equipment complexity reduces half when whole battle array equipment.

Furthermore, the feed wave control module is formed by combining a feed network and a wave control network, wherein the feed network comprises a first-stage feed network which synthesizes a plurality of feed interfaces through a TR channel, a second-stage feed network which synthesizes a plurality of feed interfaces in the first-stage feed network into a plurality of subarray quadrants, and a third-stage feed network which outputs signals transmitted by the second-stage feed network.

Because the wave control network and the power supply module are required to be connected with the TR component and the channel module, the wave control network and the power supply module are designed into a whole, so that the two components are convenient to connect with other components, and meanwhile, the circuit can be simplified, and the maintenance is convenient.

Furthermore, the channel module is composed of a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, a local oscillator module and a clock output module.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses set up the heat transfer piece between TR subassembly and heating panel, establish the heat flow path of TR subassembly, guarantee the heat dissipation of the most important heat source among the phased array antenna.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance structure of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of a phased array antenna;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a common interface for double-sided assembly of TR modules in the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the antenna layout and subarray division in the present invention;

in the figure: 1-an antenna array; 2-antenna array panel; 3-a fastener; a 4-TR component; 5-feeding wave control module; 6-channel module; 7-a heat transfer element; 8-a heat sink; 9-a control interface; 10-power supply interface.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present application, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings or the orientation or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the application is used, the description is only for convenience and simplicity, and the indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the appearances of the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description herein are only used for distinguishing between similar elements and are not intended to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present application do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1-2, the phased array antenna comprises an antenna array 1, a TR component 4, a feed wave control module 5, a power supply module and a channel module 6, and further comprises an antenna array panel 2 on which the antenna array 1 is mounted; installing and fixing a clamping piece 3 of the TR component 4, wherein the top of the clamping piece 3 is contacted with the antenna array panel 2; a heat transfer element 7 for dissipating heat of the TR component 4, wherein the inner wall of the heat transfer element 7 is contacted with the clamping piece 3; and the heat radiation plate 8 is installed in contact with the heat transfer element 7, and the antenna array panel 2, the clamping piece 3, the heat transfer element 7 and the heat radiation plate 8 form a cavity for accommodating the TR component 4, the feed wave control module 5, the power supply module and the channel module 6. The inner wall of the heat transfer element 7 is sequentially contacted with the clamping piece 3, the feed wave control module 5 and the channel module 6 from top to bottom, and the top surface of the heat dissipation plate 8 is contacted with the channel module 6. The clamping piece 3 is composed of a left clamping piece and a right clamping piece which are detachably connected, and the inner wall of the clamping piece 3 is matched with the TR component 4. The antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna array element two-dimensional arrays, TR subassembly 4 comprises a plurality of TR modules, the TR module includes a plurality of TR passageways, TR passageway quantity is the same with antenna array element quantity. Further, the feed wave control module 5 is formed by combining a feed network and a wave control network, wherein the feed network includes a first-stage feed network which combines a plurality of feed interfaces through a TR channel, a second-stage feed network which combines a plurality of feed interfaces in the first-stage feed network into a plurality of sub-array quadrants, and a third-stage feed network which outputs signals transmitted by the second-stage feed network. The channel module 6 is composed of a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, a local oscillator module and a clock output module.

The working principle is as follows:

the antenna array 1 is composed of a plurality of antenna units in a two-dimensional array manner, in a phased array antenna, the antenna units can be waveguide horn antennas, dipole antennas, patch antennas and the like, a single-feed-point microstrip antenna is preferred in the embodiment, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the mutual coupling of the unit elements, a circle of grounding through holes are added around each unit. The antenna array 1 is arranged on an antenna array panel 2, and the bottom surface of the antenna array panel 2 is arranged in contact with the clamping piece 3. As shown in fig. 2, since the whole of the utility model is a brick type structure, the appearance of the fastener 3 is a square frame, the bottom of the fastener 3 is provided with a step, the step is clamped into the heat transfer element 7 and contacts with the inner wall of the heat transfer element 7, and the fastener 3 and the heat transfer element 7 form a heat dissipation channel between the TR component 4 and the heat dissipation plate 8.

The TR element 4 includes a plurality of TR channels, and the number of the TR channels is the same as the number of array elements of the antenna array 1. The number of array elements and TR channels of the phased array may be adjusted according to actual requirements, and for convenience of explanation, in this embodiment, 6 TR modules and 240 TR channels are taken as examples, and then each TR module has 40 TR channels.

The feed network consists of a first-stage feed network, a second-stage feed network and a third-stage feed network. The first-stage feed network is arranged in the TR component 4, four TR channels are combined into one feed port, and one TR module with 40 TR channels is provided with ten feed ports. And the second-stage feed network is synthesized by using feed interfaces in the subarrays to form 4 subarray quadrants, and then signals of the 4 subarray quadrants are used as a sum and difference device to form a sum interface, a azimuth difference interface and a pitch difference interface of the subarrays. The frequency modulation continuous wave mode defines the reception of the first sub-array or the second sub-array, the third sub-array or the fourth sub-array. In order to simplify the circuit, the first sub-array and the second sub-array only form a sum interface, and the third sub-array and the fourth sub-array form a complete sum-difference interface. The tertiary feed network is a circuit which is different for a pulse mode and a frequency modulation continuous wave mode.

In the pulse mode, the sum of the four sub-arrays enters a full-array sum-difference device to form the sum, azimuth difference and pitch difference output of the full array. In the frequency modulation continuous wave mode, the sum of the first sub-array is used as an input port for transmitting a linear frequency modulation signal after passing through a mode switch. The sum reception of the third sub-array still enters the full-array sum-difference device, receives continuous wave signals and sends the continuous wave signals to the frequency conversion channel module 6. The azimuth difference and the pitch difference of the third subarray are respectively combined into a path of subarray azimuth signal and a path of subarray pitch difference signal through the mode switch, and the signals are sent to the channel module 6.

It should be noted that, because the antenna array elements correspond to the TR channels one to one, the second-stage feed network performs sub-array division on the TR channels to form four sub-array quadrants, and correspondingly, each quadrant has a corresponding antenna array element, and fig. 5 provides a phased array antenna array surface layout diagram and sub-array division for more visual display.

The wave control network consists of a logic processing chip, a data storage chip and an FPGA configuration chip. After receiving the beam pointing information sent by the signal processor, the phased array antenna uses the FPGA as a core processing unit to complete resolving of all antenna unit phase distribution information, quantizes the information into digital control codes and sends the digital control codes to the modules according to a specified sequence, wherein the directions of the receiving and sending beams are different, and the calibration data are different. The phase shift attenuation chip in the module is controlled by a parallel interface, and a special serial-parallel conversion chip is connected at the upper stage of the phase shifter and the attenuator of each antenna unit and used for converting a serial digital code sent by wave control into a parallel control line to control the phase shifter and the attenuator of the antenna unit, wherein each 4 antenna units form 1 TR component 4 of 1X4 and totally comprise 4 serial-parallel conversion chips, and when the phase shifter and the attenuator are connected to a wave control board, the 4 serial-parallel conversion chips adopt independent DATA signals to multiplex CLK, EN, TR, DARY, TORR and SEL signals for serial control. Because the antenna elements need channel calibration, each TR element 4 uses 8 discrete signal lines to independently control the reception and transmission of the 4 antenna elements. Because the initial phases of different antenna units are different, the whole antenna needs to be calibrated, so that the initial phases of all the antenna units form an equiphase plane.

The power module consists of an interface circuit, an EMI filtering circuit, a surge suppression circuit and a power module conversion circuit. And after receiving the external power supply input, the power supply module supplies power according to the requirements of the wave control network, the TR component 4 and the channel module 6.

In the channel module 6, a transmitting channel consists of an intermediate frequency amplifier, an intermediate frequency filter, a crystal oscillator, a phase-locked loop, an upper mixer, a filter, a numerical control attenuator, an amplifier, a power amplifier and the like; the receiving channel consists of a low noise amplifier, a filter, a down mixer, a numerical control attenuator, a filter and an intermediate frequency amplifier. The receiving channel is divided into four branches, namely sum receiving, azimuth difference receiving, pitch difference receiving and calibration receiving; the local oscillation module is divided into a first local oscillation and a second local oscillation, and receives the first local oscillation and the second local oscillation. The clock output module consists of a phase-locked loop, an attenuator, an amplifier and a filter and respectively outputs 3 frequency points.

Example 2:

in this embodiment, based on embodiment 1, TR module 4 is further optimized and defined.

The TR modules are assembled with chips on two sides, and a TR channel in one TR module shares one control interface 9 and one power supply interface 10.

The working principle is as follows:

taking the number of TR channels in embodiment 1 as an example, 40 TR channels are provided in one TR module, and since the TR module is a double-sided assembled chip, 20 TR channels are provided on one side. Due to the design, the control interface 9 and the power supply interface 10 of the TR module can be reduced, and the assembly complexity is reduced by half during the whole array assembly. Fig. 4 provides a schematic diagram of a TR module dual-side assembled chip common interface.

Example 3:

the phased array antenna mainly has two working modes, and each module also has different working states in different modes.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram of a phased array antenna.

In the transmitting state, transmitting intermediate frequency input signals enter a channel module 6, are converted into radio frequency signals through an up-conversion circuit, are distributed in a ratio of 1:4 through a full-array feed network, and then enter four different sub-arrays. Each sub-array (total 60 channels) is a two-dimensional active phased array sub-system which can work independently. The transmitted radio frequency signals entering the sub-array are firstly distributed in a ratio of 1:60 through a sub-array feed network, the distributed radio frequency signals enter a transmitting link of a single TR channel, the equal amplitude and the same phase of each transmitting path are ensured through a phase/amplitude adjusting circuit, finally the radio frequency signals are amplified through a power amplifier and radiated out through an array antenna unit, and the radio frequency signals are synthesized into narrower transmitting beams through a phased array to finish target irradiation.

In a receiving state, a target echo signal enters a receiving channel through an antenna unit, and the target echo signal is subjected to work such as low-noise amplification, phase shifter and attenuator to amplify and adjust amplitude and phase of the signal in sequence, so that each path of receiving signal has weighted in-phase output in a TR channel. Then each path of received signals enter a feed network and a sum and difference device part to form sum signals, azimuth differences and elevation differences of a full array, and the sum signals, the azimuth differences and the elevation differences are output to a channel module 6. And finally, the sum and difference signals of the three paths of full arrays are amplified, frequency-converted, filtered and AGC controlled by the channel module 6 to give three paths of sum and difference intermediate frequency signals, and the three paths of sum and difference intermediate frequency signals are output to the signal processing module.

Example 4:

this embodiment describes the continuous wave mode of operation of a phased array antenna in detail.

In the continuous wave working mode, the first sub-array is adopted for continuous transmission, the third sub-array is adopted for continuous reception, and the second sub-array and the fourth sub-array do not work when the power is turned off. In a scene of simultaneous transmission and reception operation, the pulse operation mode and the continuous wave operation mode are switched by controlling the gating of the mode selection switches SW1 to SW 4. The first sub-array is in a continuous transmitting state, transmitting intermediate frequency signals are subjected to up-conversion through a frequency conversion channel and then are directly switched into a feed network of the first sub-array through a switch SW1 (without a full array sum-difference device), then the signals are distributed into 60 transmitting channels of the first sub-array in a ratio of 1:60, and the signals are amplified and output to an antenna through a power amplifier after being adjusted in amplitude and phase of each channel, so that continuous transmission of the first sub-array is completed. The third sub-array is in a continuous receiving state, target echo signals enter a receiving channel through an antenna radiation unit of the third sub-array, and after the amplification, amplitude and phase adjustment and other work of the receiving channel, all the paths of receiving signals have weighted in-phase output in a TR module, then three paths of sum and difference signals are output after passing through a sum and difference device of the third sub-array, then three paths of receiving down-conversion signals connected to a frequency conversion channel are switched through SW2, SW3 and SW4, and then the three paths of receiving down-conversion signals are down-converted into three paths of intermediate frequency signals to be output to a signal processing board.

In the continuous wave mode and the pulse mode, mode switching is completed through the four switches SW 1-SW 4; therefore, the transmitting up-conversion branch and the three receiving (sigma, delta H, delta V) down-conversion branches in the frequency conversion channel module 6 can be shared, and the design of the frequency conversion channel module 6 is simplified.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A phased array antenna comprises an antenna array (1), a TR component (4), a feed wave control module (5), a power supply module and a channel module (6), and is characterized in that:

the antenna array panel (2) is used for installing the antenna array (1);

a clamping piece (3) for installing and fixing the TR component (4), wherein the top of the clamping piece (3) is contacted with the antenna array panel (2);

the heat transfer piece (7) is used for dissipating heat of the TR component (4), and the inner wall of the heat transfer piece (7) is contacted with the clamping piece (3);

and a heat-dissipating plate (8) mounted in contact with the heat transfer member (7); the antenna array panel (2), the clamping piece (3), the heat transfer piece (7) and the heat dissipation plate (8) form a cavity for accommodating the TR component (4), the feed wave control module (5), the power supply module and the channel module (6).

2. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the inner wall of the heat transfer element (7) is sequentially contacted with the clamping element (3), the feed wave control module (5) and the channel module (6) from top to bottom, and the top surface of the heat dissipation plate (8) is contacted with the channel module (6).

3. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the clamping piece (3) is composed of a left clamping piece and a right clamping piece which are detachably connected, and the inner wall of the clamping piece (3) is matched with the TR component (4).

4. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that: the antenna array is formed by a plurality of antenna array element two-dimensional arrays, the TR subassembly (4) is formed by a plurality of TR modules, the TR module includes a plurality of TR passageways, TR passageway quantity is the same with antenna array element quantity.

5. A phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterised in that: the TR module is provided with chips on two sides, and a TR channel in one TR module shares one control interface and one power supply interface.

6. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that: the feed wave control module (5) is formed by combining a feed network and a wave control network, wherein the feed network comprises a first-stage feed network which synthesizes a plurality of feed interfaces through a TR channel, a second-stage feed network which synthesizes a plurality of feed interfaces in the first-stage feed network into a plurality of subarray quadrants, and a third-stage feed network which outputs signals transmitted by the second-stage feed network.

7. A phased array antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterised in that: the power module is connected with the feed wave control module (5) into a whole, the wave control network is respectively connected with the TR component (4) and the channel module (6), and the power module supplies power to the wave control network, the TR component (4) and the channel module (6).

8. A phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterised in that: the channel module (6) is composed of a transmitting channel, a receiving channel, a local oscillator module and a clock output module.