CN211556129U - Leaky-wave antenna - Google Patents

Leaky-wave antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN211556129U
CN211556129U CN201922343268.6U CN201922343268U CN211556129U CN 211556129 U CN211556129 U CN 211556129U CN 201922343268 U CN201922343268 U CN 201922343268U CN 211556129 U CN211556129 U CN 211556129U
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China
Prior art keywords
antenna
metal patch
periodic
leaky
coplanar waveguide
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CN201922343268.6U
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Chinese (zh)
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唐小兰
侯张聚
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to leaky-wave antenna, play the leaky-wave effect through setting up the antenna main part, stimulate through setting up coplane waveguide switching structure for the matching of characteristic impedance, transmission mode and wave number, through setting up the antenna reflection structure, gain obtains the normal phase stack after the radiation characteristic of leaky-wave antenna is through the reflection of antenna reflection structure, thereby realize improving the purpose of antenna gain; the leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme has a simple structure, does not need a complex feed network, and has high antenna transmission efficiency.

Description

Leaky-wave antenna
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to leaky-wave antenna.
Background
When electromagnetic waves propagate along the traveling wave structure, if radiation is continuously generated along the structure, the radiated waves are called leaky waves, and the structure generating the leaky waves is called a leaky wave antenna; the leaky-wave antenna is a traveling-wave antenna, and the traveling-wave antenna refers to an antenna in which a fed-in electromagnetic field can present traveling-wave state distribution; the traveling wave antenna generally needs to be connected with a matched load at a terminal to eliminate reflected waves, and because the electromagnetic waves in the traveling wave antenna are in a traveling wave state and the reflection at each position is generally very small, the input impedance of the traveling wave antenna at the input end of the traveling wave antenna is similar to a pure resistor, so the traveling wave antenna generally has a wider working frequency band; the leaky-wave antenna inherits the characteristic of the traveling-wave antenna broadband and has the characteristic that the main lobe beam scans along with the frequency.
The antenna gain is one of the most important parameters for characterizing the radiation performance of the antenna.
The existing methods for improving the antenna gain include:
1. with reflective floors, the reflective surface usually has ideal electrical conductors pec (perfect Electric conductor) and artificial Magnetic conductors amc (artificial Magnetic conductor), which occupies a large area and has a high profile, which is not good for the miniaturization of the circuit.
2. The electromagnetic super-surface coating loaded on the antenna plays a part of reflection, such as an electromagnetic Band gap structure EBG (electromagnetic Band gap), and due to the narrow-Band characteristic of the EBG structure, the impedance bandwidth and the gain bandwidth of the antenna are narrow, and the section is high.
3. The lens is used for secondary radiation, the introduction of the lens increases the design difficulty and the volume, the antenna efficiency is reduced, and the system integration is not facilitated.
4. By using the array antenna, the area is increased by using the array, and a complex power division feed network is needed at the same time, so that the loss is increased, and the antenna efficiency is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: provided is a leaky-wave antenna capable of improving antenna gain.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme be:
a leaky-wave antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein an antenna main body, an antenna reflection structure and coplanar waveguide switching structures located at two opposite ends of the surface of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the antenna main body and the antenna reflection structure are located between the two coplanar waveguide switching structures, and the antenna main body is connected with the two coplanar waveguide switching structures respectively.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:
the antenna main body is arranged to play a leaky wave role, the coplanar waveguide switching structure is arranged to excite so as to be used for matching characteristic impedance, a transmission mode and wave number, and the antenna reflection structure is arranged so that the radiation characteristic of a leaky wave antenna is reflected by the antenna reflection structure and then gain is superposed in a positive phase, so that the purpose of improving the gain of the antenna is achieved; the leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme has a simple structure, does not need a complex feed network, and has high antenna transmission efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a comparison diagram of the antenna test direction of a leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a comparison graph of the antenna gain test result of a leaky-wave antenna according to the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a dielectric substrate;
2. a periodic surface unit; 201. a first metal patch; 202. a second metal patch;
3. a first antenna cycle unit; 301. a third metal patch;
4. a second antenna period unit; 401. a fourth metal patch;
5. a coplanar waveguide;
6. gradual change switching structure.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
a leaky-wave antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein an antenna main body, an antenna reflection structure and coplanar waveguide switching structures located at two opposite ends of the surface of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the antenna main body and the antenna reflection structure are located between the two coplanar waveguide switching structures, and the antenna main body is connected with the two coplanar waveguide switching structures respectively.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
the antenna main body is arranged to play a leaky wave role, the coplanar waveguide switching structure is arranged to excite so as to be used for matching characteristic impedance, a transmission mode and wave number, and the antenna reflection structure is arranged so that the radiation characteristic of a leaky wave antenna is reflected by the antenna reflection structure and then gain is superposed in a positive phase, so that the purpose of improving the gain of the antenna is achieved; the leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme has a simple structure, does not need a complex feed network, and has high antenna transmission efficiency.
Furthermore, the antenna reflection structure comprises more than two periodic surface units arranged at equal intervals, each periodic surface unit comprises a first metal patch and more than two second metal patches, and the more than two second metal patches are positioned on one side of the first metal patch.
As can be seen from the above description, the antenna reflection structure includes two or more periodic surface units arranged at equal intervals, and can ensure the reflection characteristics of the periodic surface units, that is, the characteristics of the reflection phase varying with frequency, and the positive phase superposition obtained by the gain after the radiation characteristics of the leaky-wave antenna are reflected by the antenna reflection structure is more obvious, thereby further improving the gain and bandwidth of the antenna.
Furthermore, the shapes of the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both square, the width of the first metal patch is equal to that of the second metal patch, and the length of the first metal patch is greater than that of the second metal patch.
It can be known from the above description that the shapes of the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both square, the width of the first metal patch is equal to that of the second metal patch, and the length of the first metal patch is greater than that of the second metal patch, so that the reflection characteristic of the periodic surface unit, that is, the characteristic that the reflection phase changes along with the frequency, can be optimized by the structural design, and the antenna gain and the bandwidth are improved.
Furthermore, the number of the second metal patches is three, a space is arranged between the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch, and a space is arranged between the two adjacent second metal patches.
According to the above description, the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch are spaced, and the two adjacent second metal patches are spaced, so that the reflection characteristic of the periodic surface unit can be optimized through the structural design, and the antenna gain can be further improved.
Further, the distance between the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch is equal to the distance between two adjacent second metal patches.
As can be seen from the above description, the distance between the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch is equal to the distance between the two adjacent second metal patches, so that the stability of transmission between the metal patches can be ensured, the transmission characteristics can be improved, and the antenna gain can be further improved.
Furthermore, the antenna main body comprises a first antenna periodic substructure and a second antenna periodic substructure, and the first antenna periodic substructure and the second antenna periodic substructure are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure;
the first antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two first antenna periodic units, the second antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two second antenna periodic units, the more than two first antenna periodic units and the more than two second antenna periodic units are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two adjacent first antenna periodic units are connected through a first high-voltage wire, and two adjacent second antenna periodic units are connected through a second high-voltage wire.
Further, the first antenna cycle unit comprises a semi-elliptical third metal patch, the second antenna cycle unit comprises a semi-elliptical fourth metal patch, and the straight edges of the semi-elliptical third metal patch and the semi-elliptical fourth metal patch are close to each other.
As can be seen from the above description, by providing the above structure, the leaky-wave effect of the antenna is better, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved, thereby further improving the antenna gain.
Furthermore, the coplanar waveguide switching structure comprises a coplanar waveguide and a gradual change switching structure, and the gradual change switching structure is positioned between the coplanar waveguide and the antenna main body and is respectively connected with the coplanar waveguide and the antenna main body.
From the above description, by designing the above structure, the matching of the characteristic impedance, the transmission mode, and the wave number of the antenna can be effectively adjusted, and the antenna gain can be further improved.
Further, the coplanar waveguide includes a first signal, a second signal, a first ground line and a second ground line, the first signal line and the second signal line being located between the first ground line and the second ground line.
Further, the gradual change switching structure comprises a third signal line, a fourth signal line, a third ground line, a fourth ground line, a third high-voltage line and a fourth high-voltage line, wherein the third signal line, the fourth signal line, the third high-voltage line and the fourth high-voltage line are all positioned between the third ground line and the fourth ground line;
one end of the third signal wire and one end of the fourth signal wire are gradually close to each other, one end of the third ground wire and one end of the fourth ground wire are gradually far away from each other, one end of the third signal wire is connected with one end of the third high-voltage wire, one end of the fourth signal wire is connected with one end of the fourth high-voltage wire, and the other end, opposite to one end of the third high-voltage wire, of the other end of the fourth high-voltage wire are connected with the antenna main body.
From the above description, by designing the above structure, the coplanar waveguide is switched to the high-gain line for excitation, so that matching of antenna characteristic impedance, transmission mode and wave number can be effectively adjusted, and antenna gain is further improved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a first embodiment of the present invention is:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a leaky-wave antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1, where an antenna main body, an antenna reflection structure, and coplanar waveguide switching structures located at two opposite ends of the surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the antenna main body and the antenna reflection structure are both located between the two coplanar waveguide switching structures, and the antenna main body is connected to the two coplanar waveguide switching structures respectively.
The type of the dielectric substrate 1 is Rogers 4003C, the dielectric constant is 3.38, the loss angle is 0.0027rad, and the thickness is 1.52mm, and other dielectric substrates 1 of the same type can be selected as the dielectric substrate 1 in the scheme.
The antenna reflection structure comprises two or more periodic surface units 2 arranged at equal intervals, wherein each periodic surface unit 2 comprises a first metal patch 201 and more than two second metal patches 202, and the more than two second metal patches 202 are all positioned on one side of the first metal patch 201.
The shapes of the first metal patch 201 and the second metal patch 202 are both square, the width of the first metal patch 201 is equal to that of the second metal patch 202, and the length of the first metal patch 201 is greater than that of the second metal patch 202.
The number of the second metal patches 202 is three, a distance (the distance is in a range of 0-1/4 λ, and is optimally 1/4 λ, where λ is a medium wavelength and is related to a medium used for the medium substrate) is provided between the first metal patch 201 and the adjacent second metal patch 202, and a distance (the distance is in a range of 0-1/4 λ, and is optimally 1/4 λ, where λ is a medium wavelength and is related to a medium used for the medium substrate) is provided between the adjacent two second metal patches 202.
The distance between the first metal patch 201 and the adjacent second metal patch 202 is equal to the distance between two adjacent second metal patches 202.
The antenna main body comprises a first antenna periodic substructure and a second antenna periodic substructure, and the first antenna periodic substructure and the second antenna periodic substructure are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure;
the first antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two first antenna periodic units 3, the second antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two second antenna periodic units 4, the more than two first antenna periodic units 3 and the more than two second antenna periodic units 4 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, every two adjacent first antenna periodic units 3 are connected through a first high-performance antenna, and every two adjacent second antenna periodic units are connected through a second high-performance antenna.
The number of the first antenna cycle elements 3 is equal to the number of the second antenna cycle elements 4.
First antenna cycle unit 3 is including being the third metal patch 301 of semiellipse shape, second antenna cycle unit 4 is including being the fourth metal patch 401 of semiellipse shape, the straight flange of the third metal patch 301 of semiellipse shape with the straight flange of the fourth metal patch 401 of semiellipse shape is close to the setting each other.
The coplanar waveguide switching structure comprises a coplanar waveguide 5 and a gradual change switching structure 6, wherein the gradual change switching structure 6 is positioned between the coplanar waveguide 5 and the antenna main body and is respectively connected with the coplanar waveguide 5 and the antenna main body.
The coplanar waveguide 5 includes a first signal, a second signal, a first ground and a second ground between which the first signal and the second signal are located.
The gradual change switching structure 6 comprises a third signal line, a fourth signal line, a third ground line, a fourth ground line, a third high-voltage line and a fourth high-voltage line, wherein the third signal line, the fourth signal line, the third high-voltage line and the fourth high-voltage line are all positioned between the third ground line and the fourth ground line;
one end of the third signal wire and one end of the fourth signal wire are gradually close to each other, one end of the third ground wire and one end of the fourth ground wire are gradually far away from each other, one end of the third signal wire is connected with one end of the third high-voltage wire, one end of the fourth signal wire is connected with one end of the fourth high-voltage wire, and the other end, opposite to one end of the third high-voltage wire, of the other end of the fourth high-voltage wire are connected with the antenna main body.
The structure formed by the third signal line and the fourth signal line is similar to a Vivaldi antenna, also called a Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA), is an ideal antenna for broadband application, has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and is a common method for excitation of a high-performance line.
For leaky-wave antennas, the antenna gain is positively correlated with the number of antenna period units, i.e., the greater the number of antenna period units, the greater the antenna gain.
The first metal patch, the second metal patch, the third metal patch and the fourth metal patch are all made of copper or silver.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a comparison diagram of antenna test directions, a solid line in fig. 3 represents a leaky-wave antenna gain curve designed by the present solution, and a dotted line represents a conventional antenna gain curve, so that it can be seen that the antenna gain designed by the present solution is significantly better than the conventional antenna gain.
Referring to fig. 4, a comparison graph of antenna gain test results is shown, in which a solid line in fig. 4 represents a leaky-wave antenna gain curve designed by the present solution, and a dotted line represents a conventional antenna gain curve, so that it can be seen that the antenna gain designed by the present solution can be improved by 1.8dB to 4.2dB in a frequency band of 7 to 13 GHz.
The leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme is of planar design, has a simple structure and has the advantage of low profile (namely small overall thickness); the leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme does not need a complex feed network, is high in antenna efficiency, beneficial to processing and integration, low in cost and small in size, does not need an additional radiation device, and has the characteristic of wide bandwidth.
To sum up, the utility model provides a leaky-wave antenna plays the leaky-wave effect through setting up the antenna main part, stimulates through setting up coplane waveguide switching structure to be used for the matching of characteristic impedance, transmission mode and wave number, through setting up the antenna reflection configuration, the radiation characteristic of leaky-wave antenna gain obtains the normal phase stack after the reflection of antenna reflection configuration, thereby realizes improving the purpose of antenna gain; the leaky-wave antenna designed by the scheme has a simple structure, does not need a complex feed network, and has high antenna transmission efficiency.
The above mentioned is only the embodiment of the present invention, and not the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or the direct or indirect application in the related technical field, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The leaky-wave antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and is characterized in that an antenna main body, an antenna reflection structure and coplanar waveguide switching structures located at two opposite ends of the surface of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate, the antenna main body and the antenna reflection structure are located between the two coplanar waveguide switching structures, and the antenna main body is connected with the two coplanar waveguide switching structures respectively.
2. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna reflection structure comprises two or more periodic surface units arranged at equal intervals, the periodic surface units comprising a first metal patch and two or more second metal patches, and the two or more second metal patches being located on one side of the first metal patch.
3. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first metal patch and the second metal patch are both square, the width of the first metal patch is equal to that of the second metal patch, and the length of the first metal patch is greater than that of the second metal patch.
4. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the number of the second metal patches is three, a space is provided between the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch, and a space is provided between two adjacent second metal patches.
5. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a spacing between the first metal patch and the adjacent second metal patch is equal to a spacing between two adjacent second metal patches.
6. The leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna body comprises a first antenna periodic substructure and a second antenna periodic substructure, the first antenna periodic substructure and the second antenna periodic substructure being symmetrically arranged and identical in structure;
the first antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two first antenna periodic units, the second antenna periodic substructure comprises more than two second antenna periodic units, the more than two first antenna periodic units and the more than two second antenna periodic units are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, two adjacent first antenna periodic units are connected through a first high-voltage wire, and two adjacent second antenna periodic units are connected through a second high-voltage wire.
7. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 6, wherein said first antenna periodic unit includes a third metal patch having a semi-elliptical shape, and said second antenna periodic unit includes a fourth metal patch having a semi-elliptical shape, and a straight side of said third metal patch having a semi-elliptical shape and a straight side of said fourth metal patch having a semi-elliptical shape are disposed adjacent to each other.
8. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coplanar waveguide transition structure comprises a coplanar waveguide and a tapered transition structure, the tapered transition structure being located between the coplanar waveguide and the antenna body and being connected to the coplanar waveguide and the antenna body, respectively.
9. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein the coplanar waveguide comprises a first signal, a second signal, a first ground and a second ground, the first signal line and the second signal line being located between the first ground and the second ground.
10. The leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tapered transition structure comprises a third signal line, a fourth signal line, a third ground line, a fourth ground line, a third high-voltage line, and a fourth high-voltage line, and the third signal line, the fourth signal line, the third high-voltage line, and the fourth high-voltage line are all located between the third ground line and the fourth ground line;
one end of the third signal wire and one end of the fourth signal wire are gradually close to each other, one end of the third ground wire and one end of the fourth ground wire are gradually far away from each other, one end of the third signal wire is connected with one end of the third high-voltage wire, one end of the fourth signal wire is connected with one end of the fourth high-voltage wire, and the other end, opposite to one end of the third high-voltage wire, of the other end of the fourth high-voltage wire are connected with the antenna main body.
CN201922343268.6U 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Leaky-wave antenna Withdrawn - After Issue CN211556129U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201922343268.6U CN211556129U (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Leaky-wave antenna

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201922343268.6U CN211556129U (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Leaky-wave antenna

Publications (1)

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CN211556129U true CN211556129U (en) 2020-09-22

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CN201922343268.6U Withdrawn - After Issue CN211556129U (en) 2019-12-23 2019-12-23 Leaky-wave antenna

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111009725A (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-14 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 Leaky-wave antenna

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111009725A (en) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-14 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 Leaky-wave antenna
CN111009725B (en) * 2019-12-23 2024-09-17 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 Leaky-wave antenna

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