CN211311035U - Efficient phosphorus removal and anti-blocking engineering wetland system based on plant and microorganism purification mode - Google Patents
Efficient phosphorus removal and anti-blocking engineering wetland system based on plant and microorganism purification mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN211311035U CN211311035U CN201922103031.0U CN201922103031U CN211311035U CN 211311035 U CN211311035 U CN 211311035U CN 201922103031 U CN201922103031 U CN 201922103031U CN 211311035 U CN211311035 U CN 211311035U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a prevent stifled engineering wetland system based on high-efficient dephosphorization of plant, microbial purification mode, include: a plurality of plant growing areas, microorganism purifying areas, isolating layers, impermeable layers and drain pipes; the plant growth area comprises a substrate layer and plants growing on the substrate layer; the matrix layer comprises four layers from top to bottom: the first layer is a soil layer with the thickness of 25-30 cm; the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel or building demolition garbage material layers, the particle size of the second layer is 0.05-0.3 cm, the thickness of the second layer is 25-30 cm, the particle size of the third layer is 1-1.5 cm, the thickness of the third layer is 25-30 cm, the particle size of the fourth layer is 2.8-3.6 cm, and the thickness of the fourth layer is 25-30 cm; a plurality of plant growing areas are arranged in the microbial purification area; the isolation layer is arranged on the side surface of the first layer and comprises an upper metal wire mesh layer, a lower metal wire mesh layer and a short fiber geotextile layer in the middle; the impermeable layer is arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the system; the drain pipe is arranged in the fourth layer of the substrate layer.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a sewage ecological treatment field especially relates to a prevent stifled engineering wetland system based on high-efficient dephosphorization of plant, microbial purification mode.
Background
The engineered wetland refers to an artificially constructed, controllable and engineered wetland system which is designed and constructed to perform wastewater treatment through an optimized combination of physical, chemical and biological actions in the wetland natural ecosystem.
The engineering wetland waste water treatment technology is a sewage ecological treatment technology developed in the seventies and eighties of the 20 th century, generally consists of an artificial substrate and aquatic plants (such as reed, cattail and the like) growing on the artificial substrate, and is a unique soil (substrate) -plant-microorganism ecological system. As the wastewater passes through the system, the pollutants and nutrients therein are absorbed, converted or decomposed by the system, thereby purifying the water.
The removal of phosphorus by the wetland is the result of the combined action of three aspects of plant absorption, microorganism removal and physical and chemical actions. Inorganic phosphorus in the wastewater can be changed into organic components of ATP, DNA, RNA and the like of plants under the actions of plant absorption and assimilation, and is removed through the harvest of the plants; the physical and chemical effects comprise phosphorus adsorption of the filler and chemical reaction of the filler and phosphate ions, and the effect on the removal of inorganic phosphorus is different according to different fillers. Ca and Fe in limestone and filler containing iron can react with PO4 3-Reaction to precipitate PO4 3-Therefore, they are fillers with better dephosphorization effect. The infiltration of the groundwater containing calcium or iron into the constructed wetland is also beneficial to the removal of phosphorus. The removal of phosphorus by microorganisms includes their normal assimilation of phosphorus and the accumulation of excess phosphorus. In a general secondary sewage treatment system, when the phosphorus content of inlet water is 10mg/L, the assimilation absorption and removal of phosphorus by microorganisms are only carried out on the inlet water4.5-19% of the total phosphorus content, so the microbial phosphorus removal is mainly completed by excessive accumulation of phosphorus after strengthening.
The three actions are different in phosphorus removal capacity, and generally mainly take the absorption action of plants on phosphorus, which is closely related to the phosphorus demand of emergent aquatic plants such as reed and the like which grow rapidly and for a long time. But when the substrate filled in the engineering wetland is replaced, the seed bank and the rooted plants are brought out of the wetland, which causes the phosphorus removal effect of the engineering wetland to be greatly reduced or the engineering wetland cannot be used in a short period. Meanwhile, the engineering wetland has the defect of large floor area.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Utility model purpose: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model provides a high-efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and method based on a plant and microorganism purification mode.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a pair of prevent stifled engineering wetland system based on high-efficient dephosphorization of plant, microbial purification mode, include: a plurality of plant growing regions 11, microorganism purifying regions 12, isolation layers 13, impervious layers 14 and drain pipes 15;
wherein the plant growing region 11 comprises a substrate layer and plants growing on the substrate layer; the matrix layer comprises four layers of particulate matters with particle sizes which become larger from top to bottom or along the water flow direction: the first layer 111 is a soil layer and is 25-30 cm thick; wherein the second layer 112 is substantially encapsulated by the first layer, the particle size of the second layer is 0.05-0.3 cm, the thickness of the second layer is 25-30 cm, the third layer 113 is substantially encapsulated by the second layer, the particle size of the third layer is 1-1.5 cm, the thickness of the third layer is 25-30 cm, the fourth layer 114 is substantially encapsulated by the third layer, the particle size of the fourth layer is 2.8-3.6 cm, and the thickness of the fourth layer is 25-30 cm;
the microorganism purification area 12 is used for removing phosphorus by microorganisms, and the plurality of plant growth areas (11) are arranged in the microorganism purification area 12 at intervals;
the isolation layer 13 is arranged on the side surface of the first layer 111 and comprises an upper metal wire mesh layer, a lower metal wire mesh layer and a middle short-fiber geotextile layer;
the impermeable layer 14 is arranged at the bottom and the periphery of the system;
the drain pipe is arranged in the fourth layer of the substrate layer and is used for draining the purified water out of the system.
Preferably, the plants in the plant growing area 11 are plants of two or more different growing periods.
Preferably, the second to fourth layers have a suitable compaction factor, such as 0.92-0.98, such as 0.95, etc. The substrates in the second through fourth layers may be construction demolition waste, sand gravel, or other suitable materials.
Preferably, the microbial decontamination area 12 is filled with a matrix 121 comprising a material selected from the group consisting of furfural residue and steel slag, or furfural residue, steel slag, and activated sludge. The furfural residue and the steel slag may have appropriate particle sizes, for example, 2mm to 8mm and 5mm to 20mm, respectively.
Preferably, the metal wire mesh layer is a stainless steel mesh layer.
Preferably, the mass per unit area of the short-fiber geotextile is about 350-450g/m2Preferably 400g/m2。
Preferably, the slope ratio of each of the first layer to the fourth layer is about 1: 1-1: 4, preferably 1: 1.5.
Preferably, the plant 115 in the plant growing region 11 is selected from the group consisting of Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis, medulla Junci, flos Nelumbinis, Oenanthe javanica, wild rice shoots, water chestnuts, and the like.
According to the utility model discloses another aspect still provides a method that anti-blocking engineering wetland system carries out dephosphorization based on high-efficient dephosphorization of plant, microbial purification mode, includes following step:
1) planting the plant in the plant growing region 11;
2) discharging the sewage to be treated into a wetland system through a microbial purification area 12, and controlling the water level to be about 25-35cm, preferably 30cm, in depth at the top end of a substrate layer of a plant growth area 11;
3) carrying out dephosphorization operation, wherein the dephosphorization operation comprises plant dephosphorization operation or simultaneous plant dephosphorization and microorganism dephosphorization operation;
4) when the plants grow to a certain height, the plants are harvested and cleaned out of the wetland system.
Preferably, the separately performing plant phosphorus removal operations comprises:
5) adding furfural residues and steel slag into the microbial purification area 12, monitoring the pH value of a water body of a wetland system through a pH value real-time monitoring system, keeping the water body from faintly acid to neutral, removing phosphorus mainly through plant absorption and assimilation at the moment, removing the filled furfural residues and steel slag when the accumulated height of the furfural residues and the steel slag filled in the microbial purification area 12 is flush with or close to the top of a substrate layer of the plant growth area 11, detecting the phosphorus concentration by using a phosphorus concentration detector after a certain time, opening a drain pipe after the preset concentration is reached, and discharging the water after phosphorus removal from the drain pipe through the substrate layer;
6) the drain is closed and the above steps 2), 3) and 5) are repeated.
Preferably, the simultaneous plant and microbial phosphorus removal operation comprises:
7) throwing a layer of furfural residues to the microbial purification area 12, then throwing a layer of activated sludge, monitoring the pH value of the water body of the wetland system at the moment through a pH value real-time monitoring system, and then adding the furfural residues and steel slag to keep the water body from faintly acid to neutral; repeating the operations of furfural residue, activated sludge throwing and pH adjustment again after a period of time, wherein microorganisms in the activated sludge can normally assimilate phosphorus in the sewage and remove phosphorus by excessive accumulation of phosphorus, and the phosphorus removal mainly comprises plant phosphorus removal and microorganism phosphorus removal; when the accumulated height of the furfural slag, steel slag and activated sludge filled in the microbial purification area (12) is flush with or close to the top of the substrate layer of the plant growth area (11), removing the filled furfural slag, steel slag and activated sludge; after a certain time, detecting the phosphorus concentration by using a phosphorus concentration detector, opening a drain pipe after the preset concentration is reached, and discharging the water after phosphorus removal from the drain pipe through a substrate layer;
8) the drain was closed and the above steps 2), 3) and 7) were repeated.
Preferably, wherein the separately performing plant phosphorus removal operation is performed during the plant's growing period.
Wherein the simultaneous plant and microbial phosphorus removal operations are performed during a non-plant growth phase.
Preferably wherein each throw of activated sludge is about 5cm thick.
Preferably, in the simultaneous plant phosphorus removal and microorganism phosphorus removal operation, a layer of furfural residue sprayed each time is about 5cm thick.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of performing drought culture on the plants after the step 1) and before the step 2) to form developed plant roots. The plant growth area and the microorganism purification area are alternately arranged, the plant growth area is higher than the microorganism purification area, and the particle sizes of all layers of the substrate are sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the structure is favorable for realizing the drought condition by draining water, the water potential or the water content of the substrate is easy to control, the aquatic plant is just planted, the soil water potential or the water content is controlled under a small condition, for example, the soil water potential can be controlled at-8 bar to 0 bar, the developed plant root system is favorably formed, and the P removal efficiency by the plant is favorably improved; the soil water potential can be measured by a soil water potential meter to obtain the value of the soil water potential.
Preferably, the method further comprises, after step 4), repeating steps 1) -4).
Has the advantages that: the utility model divides the engineering wetland system into a plant growth area and a microorganism purification area, and the particle size of the particles in the plant growth area from top to bottom or along the water flow direction is sequentially increased, so that the gaps among the particles are gradually increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, and in addition, the chemical property of the matrix is stable and chemical precipitates are not easy to generate, thereby ensuring that the plant growth area is not easy to block, most of the blocking objects are intercepted on the surface of the substrate, the substrate achieves the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, so that the substrate of the plant growth area mostly only needs to be replaced or not to be replaced, the service life of the substrate of the plant growth area is prolonged, the replacement of the substrate of the microorganism purification area for removing phosphorus by microorganisms can not affect the phosphorus removal of plants, therefore, the method solves the problems that the seed bank and the rooted plants are brought out of the wetland by replacing the engineering wetland substrate, so that the dephosphorization effect of the engineering wetland is greatly reduced or the engineering wetland is unusable in a short period.
Under the general conditions, the bioavailability of phosphorus is highest when the acidity is from weak acid to neutral, and the furfural residue can be matched with steel slag to adjust the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system to weak acid to neutral and can provide organic matters for the metabolism and propagation of microorganisms. Because the contact area of the activated sludge and the water body of the engineering wetland system is certain, the activated sludge, the furfural residues and the steel slag are added in layers, so that the substrate in the microbial purification area can be utilized more fully, and the problems of insufficient utilization and large subsequent dredging amount caused by adding excessive substrate are solved.
In addition, the furfural residue and the steel slag have larger specific surface area, can provide a large number of attachment points for microorganisms, are beneficial to the growth and metabolism of the microorganisms, and can filter and purify water.
The plants form developed root systems through drought culture, and the developed root systems are beneficial to improving the phosphorus removal efficiency of the plants. The arrangement of the microbial purification area can greatly enhance the dephosphorization effect, especially in the non-plant growth period, the plant dephosphorization is limited, and the microbial purification area enhances the dephosphorization mode of microbial dephosphorization.
Plants in different growth periods are adopted to be planted in a matching way, so that the time for the engineering wetland system to absorb and remove phosphorus by the plants is prolonged. The construction demolition waste is used as a substrate, and the activated sludge, the furfural residue and the steel slag are utilized, so that the waste is recycled.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of another angle of the vegetation zone of the engineered wetland system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional structure view of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional structure view of a plant growing region of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the utility model discloses a prevent stifled engineering wetland system based on high-efficient dephosphorization of plant, microbial purification mode can include: a plurality of plant growing regions 11, a microorganism purifying region 12, an isolation layer 13, an impermeable layer 14 and a drain pipe 15.
The plant growing region 11 may include a substrate layer and a plant 115 grown on the substrate layer. Wherein the matrix layer comprises four layers (111-114), the particle size of the particles from top to bottom or along the water flow direction is sequentially increased, so that the gaps among the particles are increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction. The first layer 111 is a soil layer, the thickness of the first layer is 25-30 cm, nutrients are provided for plant growth, the soil layer can contain less phosphorus fertilizer or basically does not contain phosphorus fertilizer, plant growth mainly depends on phosphorus contained in sewage, for example, laterite and the like can be used, and in addition, compared with a substrate with a large particle size, soil with a small particle size is beneficial to plant root system stabilization and lodging resistance; the second layer to the fourth layer (112-114) basically meet the particle size requirement and have stable chemical properties, the matrix has stable chemical properties and is not easy to generate chemical precipitates, and gaps among particles are gradually enlarged from top to bottom or along the water flow direction due to the fact that the particle sizes of the particles are gradually enlarged from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, so that the matrix is not easy to block, the plugs are mostly intercepted on the surface of the first layer 111 soil layer, the matrix achieves the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, the service life of the matrix is prolonged, the second layer to the fourth layer can adopt sand gravel or materials such as construction demolition garbage and the like, the construction garbage is utilized, and the recycling of the waste is realized. More specifically, for example, the second layer has a particle size of 0.05 to 0.3cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the third layer has a particle size of 1 to 1.5cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the fourth layer has a particle size of 2.8 to 3.6cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the slope ratio of each of the first to fourth layers is 1:1 to 1:4, for example, 1:3,1:1.5, etc., and the first to fourth layers are arranged from top to bottom to substantially encapsulate the next layer in this order, and the second to fourth layers have a suitable compaction coefficient, for example, 0.92 to 0.98, for example, 0.95, etc.
The plants can be planted in a matching way by adopting two or more than two plants in different growing periods, the three actions of plant absorption, microorganism removal and physical and chemical actions have different phosphorus removal capacities, the plants are mainly used for absorbing the phosphorus, and the plants in different growing periods are planted in a matching way, so that the phosphorus removal time of the engineering wetland system by utilizing the plants is prolonged. For example, plants such as Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis, Juncus effuses, Lotus, Oenanthe javanica, wild rice or water chestnut can be used.
The plant growth areas 11 are arranged in the microbial purification area 12 at intervals, the microbial purification area is added to enable the phosphorus absorption and removal positions of the plants to be basically separated from the main phosphorus removal positions of the microbes, the phosphorus absorption and removal positions of the plants are not easy to block as described above, the replacement frequency of the substrate of the microbial purification area is high when the microbes are used for removing phosphorus, the phosphorus absorption and removal of the plants in the plant growth areas are not influenced when the substrate of the microbial purification area is replaced, the phosphorus removal positions of the microbes are mainly concentrated in the microbial purification area, and the frequent blockage and replacement of the substrate caused by the fact that too much microbes are concentrated in the plant growth areas are reduced or avoided. In addition, if the plant growth area and the microorganism purification area are not arranged separately, the microorganism in the activated sludge has a phosphorus removal effect, the concentration of phosphorus near the plant root system is lower due to the adsorption effect of the furfural slag and the steel slag on the phosphorus caused by the larger specific surface area, and the phosphorus absorption by the plants is not facilitated, the plant growth area and the microorganism purification area are arranged in a partitioned manner, sewage flows into the groove (namely the microorganism purification area) between the plant growth area, and the water flow condition of the engineering wetland system discharged from the water discharge pipe 15 through the isolation layer and the substrate is good, so that the short flow condition can be reduced.
The microbial purification zone 12 is mainly filled with activated sludge, furfural residues and steel slag. Activated sludge is a general term for microbial populations and the organic and inorganic materials to which they are attached. The microbial community mainly comprises bacteria, fungi, protozoa and metazoan, and the microorganisms in the activated sludge can normally assimilate phosphorus in the sewage and remove phosphorus by excessive accumulation of phosphorus.
The furfural residues are biomass wastes generated in the production of furfural (furfural) by hydrolyzing polypentaose components in biomass substances such as corncobs, cornstalks, rice husks, cottonseed hulls and agricultural and sideline product processing leftovers, are acidic, contain a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be used for adjusting the pH value of a system, and provide proper nutrient substances for microorganisms. The furfural residue may have a suitable particle size, for example 2mm to 8 mm.
Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, alkaline, and may have a suitable particle size, for example 5mm to 20 mm.
In addition, the acid furfural slag and the alkaline steel slag are used in a matched manner, so that the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system can be adjusted, the water body is kept from weak acidity to neutrality, and the bioavailability of phosphorus is highest.
The isolation layer 13 is disposed on the side of the first layer 111, and may include two layers of stainless steel wire mesh, and a short fiber geotextile layer is added in the middle, and the mass per unit area of the short fiber geotextile may be, for example, 350-2Preferably 400g/m2The device has the functions of supporting and filtering soil and water for the matrix layer of the plant growth area, and has the function of boundary reminding when the filler in the microbial purification area needs to be removed, for example, when a dredger is adopted for digging away.
In addition, a drain pipe 15 (see fig. 2) is further provided in the fourth layer 114, which is the innermost layer of the matrix layers, and purified water can be discharged from the drain pipe to the constructed wetland by means of a pump, a control valve, or the like. As shown in fig. 2, the drainage pipe 15 is disposed in the fourth layer 114 along the length direction of the plant growth area 11, for example, one drainage pipe 15 may be disposed in each plant growth area 11, or a plurality of drainage pipes may be disposed as needed. The drain pipe 15 is formed with a plurality of openings (not shown), for example, uniformly arranged on the lower surface of the drain pipe 15, that is, with the openings facing downward, so as not to be easily clogged. The drains 15 converge at one end to a main pipe, the drainage being controlled by valves, water pumps, etc.
As shown above, the plurality of plant growth areas 11 are arranged in the microbial decontamination area 12 at intervals, so that the plant growth areas 11 are distributed in the microbial decontamination area 12 in a substantially island shape. Each plant growth section 11 may itself be generally elongate and may be of any length as required. The sides of the layers of each plant growth area 11 are basically inclined sides with a certain gradient, which is beneficial to the stability of the plant growth area 11 and the arrangement of the isolation layer 13.
Barrier layers 14 are also provided at the bottom and around the system. The impermeable layer 14 can be made of building waterproof materials such as natural clay, artificial polyethylene film, polymer cement and the like. This is readily understood by those skilled in the art and is not described in detail herein.
The process of using the above-described system of the present invention to perform phosphorus removal is described in further detail below.
First, different plants such as reed, cattail, rush etc. are planted in the plant growing area. Preferably, for different plants, if appropriate, the plants can be subjected to drought cultivation before the introduction of the sewage to be treated, in order to form a developed plant root system. In the system of the utility model, the plant growth area and the microorganism purification area are alternately arranged, the plant growth area is higher than the microorganism purification area, and the particle diameters of each layer of the matrix are sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the structure is favorable for draining water to realize drought conditions, and the water potential or the water content of the matrix is easy to control; just after the aquatic plants are planted, the soil water potential or the water content is controlled to be small, for example, the soil water potential can be controlled to be-8 bar to 0 bar, -7 bar to-2 bar, -6 bar to-3 bar, which is beneficial to forming developed plant roots and is beneficial to improving the phosphorus removal efficiency by the plants; wherein the soil water potential can be measured by a soil water potential meter to obtain the value. And then a user discharges the sewage to be treated into an engineering wetland system through the microbial purification area, and the water level at the top end of the substrate of the plant growth area is controlled to be about 30cm, wherein the water depth of 30cm is the most suitable for a plurality of large herbaceous plants used for the wastewater treatment wetland, and the water depth is specifically selected, and the plant type adopted by the engineering wetland is also required to be considered. In the plant growth period, when the requirement on the phosphorus removal efficiency of the engineering wetland system is not high, phosphorus removal can be carried out only by adopting plants, the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system is monitored by a pH value real-time monitoring system, furfural slag or steel slag is added into a microbial purification area to keep the water body from faintly acid to neutral, the added furfural slag and steel slag are only used for adjusting the pH value of the water body, the using amount is small, the participated phosphorus removal effect is not taken as a main effect compared with the plant phosphorus removal effect, phosphorus in sewage can be changed into organic components such as ATP, DNA, RNA and the like of the plants under the plant absorption and assimilation effects, phosphorus removal of the sewage is carried out due to plant absorption, after a certain time, the phosphorus concentration in the water body can be detected by using a phosphorus concentration detector, after the preset concentration is reached, a drain. It should be understood that real-time pH monitoring systems and phosphorus concentration detection are well known in the art and therefore not described in detail. If the added furfural slag and steel slag are level or close to the top height of the substrate layer in the plant growth area, a dredger can be adopted to remove the substrate in the microorganism purification area.
And then closing a drain pipe valve, repeating the steps, continuously absorbing and removing phosphorus by the plants, and harvesting and clearing the engineering wetland system after the plants grow to a certain height (for example, after the plants are basically mature).
If the water purification efficiency of the engineering wetland needs to be further improved (for example, in the non-growing period of plants or in the case of slow growth and the like), a layer of furfural residues can be firstly thrown to the microbial purification area, for example, furfural residues with the thickness of about 5cm or other proper thicknesses can be thrown by a small boat, and the furfural residues can be used as nutrient substances of microorganisms in the activated sludge, so that the population quantity of the microorganisms is improved, and the microbial action is improved; and then throwing a layer of activated sludge to the microbial purification area, monitoring the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system at the moment through a pH value real-time monitoring system, and adding furfural residues and steel slag to keep the water body from faintly acid to neutral. After a certain time, for example, after one day, a layer of furfural residues and a layer of activated sludge are thrown to the microbial purification area by the aid of the small boat again, the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system is monitored by the aid of the real-time pH value monitoring system, and the water body is kept from weak acidity to neutrality by the aid of the furfural residues and the steel slag. The thickness of the activated sludge layer sprayed each time is about 5cm, and can be other suitable thicknesses, microorganisms in the activated sludge can normally assimilate phosphorus in sewage and remove phosphorus by excessive accumulation of phosphorus, and phosphorus removal mainly comprises plant phosphorus removal and microorganism phosphorus removal; when the height of the substrate filled in the microbial purification area is flush with or close to the top of the substrate layer in the plant growth area, the substrate in the microbial purification area is removed by adopting a dredger; after the plants grow to a certain height (for example, after the plants are basically mature), harvesting and clearing the engineering wetland system.
After harvesting, the plants may be allowed to re-grow and the above steps repeated for wastewater treatment, or the plants may be re-planted and the above steps repeated for wastewater treatment.
The utility model divides the engineering wetland system into a plant growth area and a microorganism purification area, and the particle size of the particles in the plant growth area from top to bottom or along the water flow direction is sequentially increased, so that the gaps among the particles are gradually increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, and in addition, the chemical property of the matrix is stable and chemical precipitates are not easy to generate, thereby ensuring that the plant growth area is not easy to block, most of the blocking objects are intercepted on the surface of the substrate, the substrate achieves the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, so that the substrate of the plant growth area mostly only needs to be replaced or not to be replaced, the service life of the substrate of the plant growth area is prolonged, the replacement of the substrate of the microorganism purification area for removing phosphorus by microorganisms can not affect the phosphorus removal of plants, therefore, the method solves the problems that the seed bank and the rooted plants are brought out of the wetland by replacing the engineering wetland substrate, so that the dephosphorization effect of the engineering wetland is greatly reduced or the engineering wetland is unusable in a short period. The furfural residue can be matched with steel slag to adjust the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system, can provide organic matters for the metabolism and the propagation of microorganisms, and has the highest phosphorus bioavailability under the conditions of weak acidity to neutrality in general. The activated sludge, the furfural residues and the steel slag are added in layers, so that the phenomenon of insufficient utilization caused by accumulation can be avoided, the sludge clearing amount of a dredger is reduced, and the substrate in a microbial purification area is utilized more fully. Plants in different growth periods are adopted to be planted in a matching way, so that the time for the engineering wetland system to absorb and remove phosphorus by the plants is prolonged. The construction demolition waste is used as a substrate, and the activated sludge, the furfural residue and the steel slag are utilized, so that the waste is recycled.
Examples
The utility model discloses a further demonstration demonstrates the utility model discloses utilize the engineering wetland system of building in a certain city in south.
Overview of the engineering:
the whole width of the engineering wetland system is about 100m, and the length of the engineering wetland system is about 150 m;
the height of the plant growth area is about 1.2m, the width of the bottom of the plant growth area is about 4.5m, the first layer is a soil layer, the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel, and a drain pipe is arranged in the bottom layer; planting two emergent aquatic plant seedlings of reed and rush in each plant growth area respectively, controlling the water potential to be 0 bar, culturing for 10 days, then controlling the water potential to be-2 bar, culturing for 10 days, finally controlling the water potential to be-4 bar, culturing for 10 days, and finishing the primary culture under the drought condition;
the isolation layer is composed of an upper stainless steel wire mesh layer, a lower stainless steel wire mesh layer and a short fiber geotextile layer in the middle, and the mass per unit area of the short fiber geotextile layer is about 400g/m2；
The width of the bottom of the microbial decontamination area is about 1.5 m.
Specific operation (time in summer):
after primary cultivation, plant dephosphorization operation is carried out independently, sewage to be treated with the phosphorus content of 12mg/L is discharged into a wetland system through a microbial purification area, the water depth of the water level at the top end of a substrate layer of the plant growth area is controlled to be about 30cm, furfural slag and steel slag are added into the microbial purification area, the pH value of a water body of the wetland system is monitored through a pH value real-time monitoring system, the pH value of the water body is kept near 6.8, when the accumulated height of the furfural slag and the steel slag filled in the microbial purification area is flush with or close to the top of the substrate layer of the plant growth area, the filled furfural slag and the steel slag are removed, and when a phosphorus concentration detector is used for detecting that the phosphorus concentration is 0.2mg/L, the hydraulic retention time is 5 d.
Then, plant phosphorus removal and microorganism phosphorus removal are carried out simultaneously, sewage to be treated with the phosphorus content of 12mg/L is discharged into a wetland system through a microorganism purification area, the water level is controlled to be about 30cm deep at the top end of a substrate layer of the plant growth area, a layer of furfural residues of about 5cm is thrown to the microorganism purification area, a layer of activated sludge of about 5cm is thrown, the pH value of a water body of the wetland system at the moment is monitored through a pH value real-time monitoring system, the pH value of the water body is kept near 6.8 through adding the furfural residues and steel slag, then the operation of throwing the furfural residues and the activated sludge and adjusting the pH is repeated every day, and when the phosphorus concentration is detected to be 0.2mg/L by using a phosphorus concentration detector, the hydraulic retention time is 4 d.
In light of the foregoing, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a high-efficient dephosphorization prevents stifled engineering wetland system based on plant, little biological purification mode which characterized in that includes: a plurality of plant growing areas (11), microorganism purifying areas (12), isolating layers (13), impermeable layers (14) and drain pipes (15);
wherein the plant growth area (11) comprises a substrate layer and a plant (115) growing on the substrate layer; the matrix layer comprises four layers of particulate matters with particle sizes which become larger from top to bottom or along the water flow direction: the first layer (111) is a soil layer, and the thickness is 25-30 cm; the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel or building demolition garbage material layers, wherein the second layer (112) is basically enveloped by the first layer, the particle size of the second layer is 0.05-0.3 cm, the thickness of the third layer is 25-30 cm, the third layer (113) is basically enveloped by the second layer, the particle size of the third layer is 1-1.5 cm, the thickness of the third layer is 25-30 cm, the fourth layer (114) is basically enveloped by the third layer, the particle size of the fourth layer is 2.8-3.6 cm, and the thickness of the fourth layer is 25-30 cm;
the microorganism purification area (12) is used for removing phosphorus by microorganisms, and the plant growth areas (11) are arranged in the microorganism purification area (12) at intervals;
the isolation layer (13) is arranged on the side surface of the first layer (111) and comprises an upper metal wire mesh layer, a lower metal wire mesh layer and a middle short-fiber geotextile layer;
the impermeable layer (14) is arranged at the bottom and around the system;
the drain pipe is arranged in the fourth layer of the substrate layer and is used for draining the purified water out of the system.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plants in the plant growing area (11) are plants of two or more different growing periods.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the microbiological decontamination zone (12) is filled with a matrix (121) comprising furfural residue and steel residue, or comprising furfural residue, steel residue and activated sludge.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the wire mesh layer is a stainless steel mesh layer.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass per unit area of the short fiber geotextile is 350-450g/m2。
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the ramp ratio of each of the first to fourth layers is 1:1 to 1: 4.
7. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant in the plant growing area (11) is selected from the group consisting of reed, cattail, rush, lotus, cress, wild rice or water lettuce, chufa.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the ramp ratio of each of the first to fourth tiers is 1: 1.5.
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