CN110921835B - Efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and method based on plant and chemical purification mode - Google Patents
Efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and method based on plant and chemical purification mode Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant and chemical purification mode-based efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and a method, wherein the system comprises the following steps: a plurality of plant growing areas, a chemical purifying area, an isolating layer, an impermeable layer and a drain pipe; the plant growing area comprises a substrate layer and plants growing on the substrate layer; the matrix layer comprises four layers from top to bottom: the first layer is a soil layer with the thickness of 25-30 cm; the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel or building demolition garbage material layers, the grain size of the second layer is 0.05-0.3 cm, the thickness is 25-30 cm, the grain size of the third layer is 1-1.5 cm, the thickness is 25-30 cm, the grain size of the fourth layer is 2.8-3.6 cm, and the thickness is 25-30 cm; the plant growing areas are arranged in the chemical purifying area, and the chemical purifying area is used for chemically reactive dephosphorization; the isolating layer is arranged on the side surface of the first layer and comprises an upper metal wire mesh layer, a lower metal wire mesh layer and a middle short fiber geotechnical cloth layer; the impermeable layer is arranged at the bottom and around the system; the drain pipe is disposed in the fourth layer of the matrix layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ecological sewage treatment, in particular to a plant and chemical purification mode-based efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and method.
Background
Engineered wetland refers to an artificially constructed, controllable and engineered wetland system designed and constructed to treat wastewater through an optimized combination of physical, chemical and biological effects in the natural ecosystem of the wetland.
The engineering wetland waste water treatment technology is a sewage ecological treatment technology developed in the seventh and eighth ages of the 20 th century, generally consists of an artificial substrate and aquatic plants (such as reed, typha and the like) growing on the artificial substrate, and is a unique soil (substrate) -plant-microorganism ecological system. As the wastewater passes through the system, the contaminants and nutrients therein are absorbed, converted or decomposed by the system, thereby purifying the water.
The removal of phosphorus by the wetland is the result of the combined action of three aspects of plant absorption, microorganism removal and physicochemical action. Inorganic phosphorus in the wastewater can be changed into organic components such as ATP, DNA, RNA and the like of plants under the absorption and assimilation actions of the plants, and the organic components are removed by harvesting the plants; physicochemical effects include adsorption of phosphorus by the filler and chemical reaction of the filler with phosphate ions, which effect differs from filler to filler in the removal of inorganic phosphorus. Since Ca and Fe in limestone and iron-containing filler can be mixed with PO 4 3- Reaction to precipitate and remove PO 4 3- Therefore, they are fillers with better dephosphorization effect. The groundwater containing calcium or iron is permeated into the artificial wetland, which is also beneficial to the removal of phosphorus. The removal of phosphorus by microorganisms involves their normal assimilation of phosphorus and excessive accumulation of phosphorus. In a general secondary sewage treatment system, when the phosphorus content of the inlet water is 10mg/L, the assimilation absorption and removal of phosphorus by microorganisms are only 4.5% -19% of the total phosphorus content of the inlet water, so that the phosphorus removal by microorganisms is mainly completed through excessive accumulation of phosphorus after strengthening.
The three effects are different in phosphorus removal capability, and the phosphorus absorption effect of plants is mainly adopted, so that the phosphorus removal capability is closely related to the phosphorus demand of emergent aquatic plants such as reed and the like which grow rapidly and for a long time. However, when the substrate filled in the engineering wetland is replaced, the seed bank and the rooted plants are also brought out of the wetland, which can lead to the great reduction of the dephosphorization effect of the engineering wetland or the unavailability of the engineering wetland in a short period of time. Meanwhile, the engineering wetland has the defect of large occupied area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plant and chemical purification mode-based efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system and a method.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a plant and chemical purification mode-based efficient dephosphorization anti-blocking engineering wetland system, which comprises: a plurality of plant growing areas 11, a chemical purifying area 12, an isolating layer 13, and a barrier layer 14, and a drain pipe 15;
wherein the plant growing area 11 comprises a substrate layer and plants grown on the substrate layer; the substrate layer comprises four layers with sequentially larger particle sizes from top to bottom or along the water flow direction: the first layer 111 is a soil layer with the thickness of 25-30 cm; wherein the second layer 112 is substantially encapsulated by the first layer and has a particle size of 0.05 to 0.3cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the third layer 113 is substantially encapsulated by the second layer and has a particle size of 1 to 1.5cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, and the fourth layer 114 is substantially encapsulated by the third layer and has a particle size of 2.8 to 3.6cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm;
the plurality of plant growing areas 11 are located in the chemical purifying area 12 at intervals, and the chemical purifying area 12 is used for chemically reactive dephosphorization;
the isolating layer 13 is disposed on the side surface of the first layer 111, and includes an upper wire mesh layer, a lower wire mesh layer and a middle short fiber geotextile layer;
the impermeable layer 14 is arranged at the bottom and around the system;
the drain pipe is arranged in a fourth layer of the substrate layer and is used for draining purified water out of the system.
Preferably, the plants in the plant growing region 11 are plants of two or more different growing periods.
Preferably, the second to fourth layers have a suitable compaction factor, e.g., 0.92-0.98, e.g., 0.95, etc. The substrates in the second through fourth layers may be constructed of demolition waste, sand gravel, or other suitable materials.
Preferably, the chemical purification zone 12 is filled with a matrix 121, the matrix 121 being selected from the group consisting of laterite and steel slag. The steel slag may have a suitable particle size, for example, a particle size of 5mm to 20mm.
Preferably, the wire mesh layer is a stainless steel wire mesh layer.
Preferably, the mass per unit area of the staple fiber geotextile layer is from about 350 to about 450g/m 2 Preferably 400g/m 2 。
Preferably, the slope ratio of each of the first layer to the fourth layer is about 1:1 to 1:4, preferably 1:1.5.
Preferably, the plant 115 in the plant growing area 11 is selected from reed, typha, rush, lotus, cress, cane shoots, and chufa.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a plant-based, chemical purification method for efficient removal using a wetland system, comprising the steps of:
1) Planting the plant in the plant growing area 11;
2) Discharging the sewage to be treated into a wetland system through a chemical purification zone 12, and controlling the water level to be about 25-35cm, preferably 30cm, at the top end of a substrate layer of a plant growth zone 11;
3) Performing a dephosphorization operation including performing a plant dephosphorization operation alone or performing a plant dephosphorization and a chemical dephosphorization operation simultaneously;
4) When plants grow to a certain height, harvesting and cleaning the wetland system.
Preferably, the separately performing the plant dephosphorization operation comprises:
5) Adding red soil and steel slag into the chemical purification area 12, monitoring the pH value of the water body of the wetland system through a pH value real-time monitoring system to ensure that the water body keeps weak acidity to neutrality, removing phosphorus mainly through plant absorption and assimilation, removing the filled red soil and steel slag when the accumulated height of the red soil and steel slag filled in the chemical purification area 12 is flush or close to the top of a substrate layer of the plant growth area 11, detecting the phosphorus concentration by a phosphorus concentration detector after a certain time, opening a drain pipe after reaching a preset concentration, and discharging the water after phosphorus removal from the drain pipe through the substrate layer;
6) Closing the drain and repeating steps 2), 3) and 5) above.
Preferably, the simultaneous plant dephosphorization and chemical dephosphorization operations comprise:
7) Throwing a layer of laterite to the chemical purification area 12, monitoring the pH value of the water body of the wetland system at the moment through a pH value real-time monitoring system, and then keeping the water body slightly acidic to neutral through adding steel slag; after a period of time, red soil is thrown againOperation of pH adjustment, iron, aluminum and PO in laterite 4 3- Reaction to precipitate and remove PO 4 3- At this time, the dephosphorization mainly comprises plant dephosphorization and chemical reaction dephosphorization; when the accumulated height of the filled red soil and steel slag in the chemical purifying area 12 is flush or close to the top of the substrate layer of the plant growing area 11, the filled red soil and steel slag are removed; after a certain time, detecting the phosphorus concentration by using a phosphorus concentration detector, opening a drain pipe after reaching a preset concentration, and discharging the water after phosphorus removal from the drain pipe through the substrate layer;
8) Closing the drain and repeating steps 2), 3) and 7) above.
Preferably, the plant dephosphorization operation is carried out separately during the plant growing period.
Preferably, the simultaneous plant dephosphorization and chemical dephosphorization operations are performed during a non-plant growth period.
Preferably, the thickness of the red soil is about 5cm each time.
Preferably, further comprising drought culturing the plants after step 1) and before step 2) to form developed plant roots. The plant growth area and the chemical purification area are alternately arranged, the plant growth area is higher than the chemical purification area, and the grain sizes of all layers of the matrix become larger from top to bottom in sequence, so that the structure is favorable for realizing drought conditions for drainage, the water potential or the water content of the matrix is easy to control, aquatic plants are just planted, and the soil water potential or the water content is controlled to be smaller, for example, the soil water potential can be controlled to be between-8 bar and-0 bar, thereby being favorable for forming developed plant root systems and being favorable for improving the P removal efficiency of the plants; the soil water potential can be measured by a soil water potential meter to obtain the value.
Preferably, the method further comprises repeating steps 1) -4) after step 4).
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the engineering wetland system is divided into the plant growth area and the chemical purification area, the particle sizes of the particles in the plant growth area are sequentially increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, so that gaps among the particles are increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, in addition, chemical sediment is not easily generated due to stable chemical properties of the substrate layer, and further, blockage is not easily generated in the substrate of the plant growth area, the blockage is mostly trapped on the surface of the substrate layer, the substrate layer has the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, so that the substrate layer of the plant growth area is mostly replaced or not replaced, the service life of the substrate of the plant growth area is prolonged, and the replacement of the substrate in the chemical purification area for removing phosphorus does not affect the phosphorus of plants, so that the problems that the phosphorus removal effect of the engineering wetland is greatly reduced or the engineering wetland is unusable in a short term due to the replacement of the substrate of the engineering wetland.
The red soil and the steel slag not only can be used as chemical reactants for removing phosphorus, but also can adjust the pH value of the water body to be slightly acidic to neutral, and the bioavailability of the phosphorus is high under the condition of slightly acidic to neutral in general. The red soil and the steel slag are added in layers, so that the red soil and the steel slag are more fully matched with PO in the water body 4 3- The reaction makes the filler fully utilized. The chemical purification area can greatly enhance the dephosphorization effect, especially when the plant is in a non-plant growing period, the plant dephosphorization effect is limited, and the chemical purification area enhances the dephosphorization mode of chemical dephosphorization.
In addition, the developed root system is formed by drought culture, and the developed plant root system is beneficial to improving the phosphorus removal efficiency of the plant.
The plants in different growth periods are planted in a matched mode, so that the time for absorbing and removing phosphorus by the plants in the engineering wetland system is prolonged. The construction demolition waste is used as a matrix, and the steel slag is utilized, so that the recycling of the waste is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an engineering wetland system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a cross-sectional structure of another angle of a plant growing area of the engineering wetland system according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of an engineering wetland system according to an embodiment of the invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a plant growing area of an engineered wetland system according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the plant-based and chemical purification mode efficient dephosphorization and anti-blocking engineering wetland system of the invention can comprise: a plurality of plant growing areas 11, a chemical purifying area 12, an isolating layer 13, and a barrier layer 14, and a drain pipe 15.
The plant growing area 11 may include a substrate layer and plants 115 grown on the substrate layer. Wherein the matrix layer comprises four layers (111-114), and the particle sizes of the particles become larger from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, so that gaps among the particles become larger from top to bottom or along the water flow direction. The first layer 111 is a soil layer with a thickness of 25-30 cm for providing nutrients for plant growth, and the soil layer can be less or basically free of phosphate fertilizer, so that plant growth mainly depends on phosphorus contained in sewage, for example, red soil and the like can be used, and in addition, compared with a matrix with larger grain size, the soil with smaller grain size is beneficial to plant root system stabilization and lodging resistance; the second layer to the fourth layer (112-114) basically meet the particle size requirement and have stable chemical properties, chemical sediment is not easy to generate due to the stable chemical properties of the matrix, gaps among the particles are larger and larger from top to bottom or along the water flow direction due to the fact that the particle sizes of the particles become larger in sequence from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, the inside of the matrix is not easy to be blocked, the blocking objects are trapped on the surface of the soil layer of the first layer 111, the matrix achieves the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, the service life of the matrix is prolonged, the second layer to the fourth layer can adopt materials such as sand gravel or construction demolition waste, and recycling of waste is achieved by utilizing construction waste. More specifically, for example, the second layer has a particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.3cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the third layer has a particle diameter of 1 to 1.5cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, the fourth layer has a particle diameter of 2.8 to 3.6cm and a thickness of 25 to 30cm, and the slope ratio of each of the first layer to the fourth layer is 1:1 to 1:4, for example, 1:3,1:1.5, and the like. In addition, the first four layers substantially encapsulate the next layer in sequence from top to bottom, the second through fourth layers having a suitable compaction factor, e.g., 0.92-0.98, e.g., 0.95, etc
The plant can be planted by adopting two or more than two different growth-period plants in a collocation way, the phosphorus removal capability of the three actions of plant absorption, microorganism removal and physicochemical action is different, the phosphorus absorption effect of the plant is mainly used, the plant in the different growth-period plants in a collocation way is adopted, and the phosphorus absorption and removal time of the engineering wetland system by the plant is prolonged. For example, plants such as reed, typha, rush, lotus, cress, wild rice stem, and water chestnut can be used.
The chemical purification zone 12 is used for chemically reactive phosphorus removal. The plant growing areas 11 are arranged in the chemical purifying area 12 at intervals, the chemical purifying area 12 separates the plant phosphorus absorbing and removing position from the chemical phosphorus removing position, the matrix is not easy to block as the plant phosphorus absorbing and removing position is, the matrix replacement frequency of the chemical purifying area is higher when chemical phosphorus removing is adopted, the plant phosphorus absorbing and removing of the plant growing area is not influenced when the matrix replacement of the chemical purifying area is carried out, and the frequent replacement of the matrix of the plant growing area is reduced or avoided when the chemical phosphorus removing position is concentrated in the chemical purifying area. In addition, if the plant growth area and the chemical purification area are not arranged separately, the red soil or steel slag filled later can lead the phosphorus concentration near the plant root system to be lower, and is not beneficial to the absorption of the plant to the phosphorus. In addition, the plant growing areas and the chemical purifying areas are arranged, sewage flows in from grooves (namely the chemical purifying areas) between the plant growing areas, and the water flow condition of the engineering wetland system discharged from the drain pipe 15 through the isolating layer and the matrix is good, so that the occurrence of short flow condition can be reduced.
The chemical decontamination area 12 is filled with a matrix 121, consisting essentially of laterite and steel slag, for chemical reaction with phosphorus, thereby removing phosphorus. The red soil is regional red soil distributed in subtropical humid areas in China, belongs to neutral desilication and aluminum-rich iron bauxite, and has acidity and low salt base saturation. Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, alkaline, and may have a suitable particle size, for example, 5mm-20mm. The acidity and alkalinity of the water body of the engineering wetland system can be adjusted by the combination of the acidic laterite and the alkaline steel slag, so that the water body keeps slightly acidic to neutral, the bioavailability of phosphorus is the highest, and the water body can also participate in the chemical reaction of phosphorus.
The isolation layer 13 is arranged on the side surface of the first layer 111, and can comprise two layers of stainless steel wire gauze, a short fiber geotextile layer is added in the middle, and the unit area mass of the short fiber geotextile can be 350-450g/m 2 Preferably 400g/m 2 The matrix layer of the plant growing area is supported, filtered and irrigated, and the filler in the chemical purifying area is required to be removed, for example, a dredger is used for dredging the boundary.
A drain pipe 15 (see fig. 2) is provided in the fourth layer 114, which is the innermost layer of the matrix layer, and purified water can be discharged from the drain pipe to the engineering wetland by means of a pump, a control valve, or the like. As shown in fig. 2, the drain pipes 15 are provided in the fourth layer 114 along the length direction of the plant growing areas 11, for example, one drain pipe 15 may be provided in each plant growing area 11, or a plurality of drain pipes may be provided as needed. The drain pipe 15 is formed with a plurality of openings (not shown), for example, uniformly provided on the lower surface of the drain pipe 15, i.e., with the openings facing downward, so that clogging is not easy. Each drain pipe 15 is led at one end to a main pipe, and drainage is controlled by a valve, a water pump, or the like.
As described above, the plurality of plant growth regions 11 are disposed in the chemical decontamination area 12 at intervals from each other, and thus, the plant growth regions 11 are distributed in the chemical decontamination area 12 in a substantially island shape. Each plant growth area 11 may have a substantially long strip shape, and the length thereof may be set as needed. The sides of the layers of each plant growing area 11 are substantially inclined sides with a slope which facilitates the stabilisation of the plant growing area 11 and the arrangement of the insulating layer 13.
A barrier layer 14 is also provided at the bottom and around the system. The impermeable layer 14 can be made of natural clay, artificial polyethylene film, polymer cement and other building waterproof materials. Those skilled in the art will readily understand this and are not described in detail herein.
The process of implementing the dephosphorization using the above-described system of the present invention is described in further detail below
First, different plants such as reed, typha, rush, etc. are planted in a plant growing area. Preferably, for different plants, if appropriate, the plants can be drought-cultivated before introduction into the wastewater to be treated, in order to form developed plant roots. In the system of the invention, the plant growth areas and the chemical purification areas are alternately arranged, the plant growth areas are higher than the chemical purification areas, and the grain sizes of the substrate layers are sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the structure is favorable for realizing drought conditions by draining water, and the water potential or the water content of the substrate is easier to control; the water plants are just planted, and the soil water potential or the water content is controlled under a smaller condition, for example, the soil water potential can be controlled to be-8 bar to-0 bar, -7 bar to-2 bar and, -6 bar to-3 bar, so that developed plant root systems are formed, and the improvement of the phosphorus removal efficiency of the plants is facilitated; wherein the soil water potential can be measured by a soil water potential meter to obtain the value. Then the user discharges the sewage to be treated into an engineering wetland system through a chemical purification area, the water depth of the water level at the top end of the plant growth area substrate is controlled to be about 30cm, the water depth of 30cm is suitable for a plurality of herbaceous large plants used for the wastewater treatment wetland, and the water depth is particularly adopted, and the plant types adopted by the engineering wetland also need to be considered. In the plant growing period, when the phosphorus removal efficiency requirement on the engineering wetland system is not high, only plants can be adopted for phosphorus removal, the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system is monitored through a pH value real-time monitoring system, the red soil and the steel slag are added into a chemical purification area to keep the water body slightly acidic to neutral, the red soil or the steel slag which is added at the moment is only used for adjusting the pH value of the water body, the dosage is not large, the phosphorus removal effect involved is not used as a main effect compared with the phosphorus removal effect of the plants, phosphorus in sewage can become organic components such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) of the plants under the plant absorption and assimilation effect, the phosphorus concentration in the water body can be detected by utilizing a phosphorus concentration detector after a certain time, a drain pipe valve can be opened after the phosphorus removal water is up to a preset concentration, and the phosphorus removed water is discharged from a drain pipe through a matrix layer. It should be appreciated that pH real-time monitoring systems and phosphorus concentration detection are well known in the art and are therefore not described in detail. If the added laterite and steel slag are level or near the top of the plant growth area substrate layer, a dredger can be used to remove the chemical decontamination area substrate.
And then closing the drain pipe valve, repeating the steps, and continuously carrying out the plant absorption and dephosphorization, harvesting and cleaning the engineering wetland system after the plant grows to a certain height (for example, after the plant is basically mature).
If the water purification efficiency of the engineering wetland is required to be improved (such as in the non-growing period or the slow growing condition of plants, and the like), a layer of red soil can be thrown into a chemical purification area by adopting a boat, the PH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system is monitored by a PH value real-time monitoring system, and the water body is kept weakly acidic to neutral by adding steel slag. After a certain period of time, for example, a small boat is adopted again to throw a layer of red soil to the chemical purification area after one day, the pH value of the water body of the engineering wetland system is monitored by a pH value real-time monitoring system, and the water body is kept weakly acidic to neutral by adding steel slag. The thickness of the red soil layer is about 5cm when the red soil is thrown each time, but can also be other proper thickness, and the iron, aluminum and PO in the red soil can be realized 4 3- The reaction precipitates to remove phosphorus. Such a number of times. The layered addition can make the filler more fully utilized, and the dephosphorization is mainly plant dephosphorization and chemical reaction dephosphorization. When the height of the substrate filled in the chemical purifying area is flush with or close to that of the substrate in the plant planting area, the substrate in the chemical purifying area is removed by adopting a dredger. After the plants grow to a certain height (e.g., after substantial maturity), the engineered wetland system is harvested and cleaned.
After harvesting, the plants can be regrown and the steps are repeated for sewage treatment, or the plants can be regrown and the steps are repeated for sewage treatment.
According to the invention, the engineering wetland system is divided into the plant growth area and the chemical purification area, and the particle sizes of the particles in the plant growth area are sequentially increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, so that gaps among the particles are increased from top to bottom or along the water flow direction, in addition, chemical sediment is stable in chemical property and difficult to generate, so that blockage is difficult to occur in the substrate in the plant growth area, the blockage is mostly trapped on the surface of the substrate, the substrate has the purposes of filtering impurities and draining water, the substrate in the plant growth area is mostly replaced by the surface layer or is not replaced, and the service life of the substrate in the plant growth area is prolonged; the replacement of the chemical purification area matrix for chemical phosphorus removal can not affect the phosphorus removal of plants, so that the problems that the phosphorus removal effect of the engineering wetland is greatly reduced or the engineering wetland can not be used in a short period due to the fact that the seed warehouse and rooted plants are taken out of the wetland by replacing the engineering wetland matrix are solved. The laterite not only can be matched with steel slag to adjust the pH value of water body of an engineering wetland system, but also can carry out chemical reaction to remove phosphorus; in general, phosphorus is most bioavailable when weakly acidic to neutral. The red soil and the steel slag are added in layers, so that underutilization caused by accumulation can be avoided, dredging amount of the dredger is reduced, and matrix utilization in a chemical purification area is more sufficient. The plants in different growth periods are planted in a matched mode, so that the time for absorbing and removing phosphorus by the plants in the engineering wetland system is prolonged. The construction demolition waste is used as a matrix, and the utilization of the laterite and the steel slag realizes the recycling of the waste.
Examples
The invention is further illustratively described using an engineered wetland system constructed in a city in the south.
Engineering profile:
the whole engineering wetland system is about 100m wide and about 150m long;
the height of the plant growing area is about 1.2m, the width of the bottom is about 4.5m, the first layer is a soil layer, the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel, and a drain pipe is arranged in the bottom layer; planting two emergent aquatic plant seedlings of reed and rush in a plant growth area, controlling the water potential to be under the condition of 0 bar, culturing for 10 days, then culturing for 10 days under the condition of-2 bar, and finally culturing for 10 days under the condition of-4 bar, thus completing the primary culturing under the drought condition;
the isolation layer consists of an upper stainless steel wire net layer, a lower stainless steel wire net layer and a middle short fiber geotechnical cloth layer, and the unit area mass of the short fiber geotechnical cloth layer is about 400g/m 2 ；
The bottom width of the chemical purification zone is about 1.5m.
Specific operation (time is summer):
after preliminary cultivation, plant dephosphorization operation is carried out independently, sewage to be treated with the phosphorus content of 12mg/L is discharged into a wetland system through a chemical purification area, the water depth of the water level at the top end of a substrate layer of a plant growth area is controlled to be about 30cm, plant dephosphorization operation is carried out independently, laterite or steel slag is added into the chemical purification area, the pH value of water body of the wetland system is monitored through a pH value real-time monitoring system, the pH value of the water body is kept near 6.8, when the accumulated height of the laterite and the steel slag filled in the chemical purification area is flush or close to the substrate of the plant growth area, the filled laterite and the steel slag are removed, and when the phosphorus concentration is detected to be 0.2mg/L by a phosphorus concentration detector, the hydraulic retention time is 5d.
Then, the plant dephosphorization and chemical dephosphorization operation are carried out simultaneously, the sewage to be treated with the phosphorus content of 12mg/L is discharged into a wetland system through a chemical purification area, the water depth of the water level at the top end of a substrate layer of a plant growth area is controlled to be about 30cm, meanwhile, the plant dephosphorization and chemical dephosphorization operation is carried out, a layer of red soil with the thickness of about 5cm is thrown into the chemical purification area, the pH value of the water body of the wetland system is monitored through a pH value real-time monitoring system, then the pH value of the water body is kept near 6.8 through adding steel slag, then the operations of throwing the red soil and adjusting the pH value are repeated every day, and when the phosphorus concentration is detected to be 0.2mg/L by utilizing a phosphorus concentration detector, the hydraulic retention time is 4d.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (16)
1. Efficient dephosphorization and anti-blocking engineering wetland system based on plant and chemical purification modes, which is characterized by comprising: a plurality of plant growing areas (11), a chemical purifying area (12), an isolating layer (13), an impermeable layer (14) and a drain pipe;
wherein the plant growing area (11) comprises a substrate layer and plants (115) grown on the substrate layer; the substrate layer comprises four layers with sequentially larger particle sizes from top to bottom or along the water flow direction: the first layer (111) is a soil layer with the thickness of 25-30 cm; the second layer to the fourth layer are sand gravel or building demolition waste material layers, wherein the second layer (112) is basically encapsulated by the first layer, the grain size is 0.05-0.3 cm, the thickness is 25-30 cm, the third layer (113) is basically encapsulated by the second layer, the grain size is 1-1.5 cm, the thickness is 25-30 cm, the fourth layer (114) is basically encapsulated by the third layer, the grain size is 2.8-3.6 cm, and the thickness is 25-30 cm;
the chemical purification zone (12) is used for chemically reactive dephosphorization, and the plurality of plant growth zones (11) are positioned in the chemical purification zone (12) at intervals;
the isolating layer (13) is arranged on the side surface of the first layer (111) and comprises an upper metal wire mesh layer, a lower metal wire mesh layer and a middle short fiber geotechnical cloth layer;
the impermeable layer (14) is arranged at the bottom and around the system;
the drain pipe is arranged in a fourth layer of the matrix layer along the length direction of the plant growing area (11) and is used for draining purified water out of the system;
wherein the chemical purification area (12) is filled with a matrix (121), the matrix (121) comprises red soil and steel slag, and the chemical purification area (12) is added with the red soil and the steel slag to keep the water body weakly acidic to neutral.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the plants in the plant growing area (11) are plants of two or more different growing periods.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the wire mesh layer is a stainless steel wire mesh layer.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the staple fiber geotextile layer has a mass per unit area of 350-450g/m 2 。
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first through fourth layers have a ramp ratio of 1:1-1:4.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first through fourth layers have a ramp ratio of 1:1.5.
7. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plants in the plant growing area (11) are selected from reed, typha, rush, lotus, cress, cane shoots, water chestnuts.
8. A method of dephosphorizing sewage by using the system of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
1) Planting the plant in a plant growing area (11);
2) Discharging sewage to be treated into a wetland system through a chemical purification area (12), and controlling the water level to be 25-35cm at the top end of a matrix layer of a plant growth area (11);
3) Performing a dephosphorization operation including performing a plant dephosphorization operation alone or performing a plant dephosphorization and a chemical dephosphorization operation simultaneously;
4) When plants grow to a certain height, harvesting and cleaning the wetland system.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the separately performing a plant dephosphorization operation comprises:
5) Adding laterite and steel slag into a chemical purification area (12), monitoring the pH value of a water body of a wetland system through a pH value real-time monitoring system to ensure that the water body keeps weak acidity to neutrality, removing phosphorus mainly through plant absorption and assimilation, removing the filled laterite and steel slag when the accumulated height of the laterite and steel slag filled in the chemical purification area (12) is flush or close to the top of a substrate layer of a plant growth area (11), detecting the phosphorus concentration by a phosphorus concentration detector after a certain time, opening a drain pipe after reaching a preset concentration, and discharging the water after phosphorus removal from the drain pipe through the substrate layer;
6) Closing the drain and repeating steps 2), 3) and 5).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the concurrently performing plant dephosphorization and chemical dephosphorization operations comprises:
7) Throwing a layer of red soil into a chemical purification area (12), monitoring the pH value of the water body of the wetland system at the moment through a pH value real-time monitoring system, and then keeping the water body slightly acidic to neutral through adding steel slag; throwing the red soil after a period of time and adjusting pH, wherein iron, aluminum and PO in the red soil 4 3- Reaction to precipitate and remove PO 4 3- At this time, the dephosphorization mainly comprises plant dephosphorization and chemical reaction dephosphorization; when the accumulated height of the filled red soil and steel slag in the chemical purification area (12) is flush or close to the top of the substrate layer of the plant growth area (11), the filled red soil and steel slag are removed, after a certain time, the phosphorus concentration is detected by a phosphorus concentration detector, a drain pipe is opened after the phosphorus concentration reaches a preset concentration, and the water after phosphorus removal is discharged from the drain pipe through the substrate layer;
8) Closing the drain and repeating steps 2), 3) and 7).
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the separately performing plant dephosphorization operations is performed during a plant growth period.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the simultaneous plant and chemical phosphorus removal operations are performed during a non-plant growth period.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the thickness of the red mud layer is 5cm at each casting.
14. The method of claim 8, further comprising drought culturing the plant after step 1) and before step 2) to form a developed plant root system.
15. The method of claim 8 or 14, further comprising repeating steps 1) -4) after step 4).
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the drought cultivation comprises controlling soil water potential at-8 bar to 0 bar.
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