CN101691270A - Assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, application thereof and sewage treatment process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, which comprises a peripheral container (6) of which the top is open and five structural layers arranged in the peripheral container, wherein the inside of the peripheral container is provided with a planting layer (1), a water distribution layer (2), a packing layer (3), a percolation layer (4) and a water collecting layer (5) consisting of permeable substrates in turn from top to bottom. The invention also discloses application of the wetland unit in a sewage treatment system, and a sewage treatment process. In the sewage treatment process, firstly, sewage enters a regulating pool (7); secondly, the sewage flows through a pre-precipitation treatment pool (8); thirdly, the sewage is pressurized by a peristaltic pump (9) and enters the wetland unit (11) through a water inlet valve (10); and finally, the sewage is discharged by a water collecting pipe (12) after purifying. The artificial wetland unit and the sewage treatment system comprising the unit provided by the invention can prevent a wetland system from blocking effectively and can regulate the components of a packing of the wetland unit according different qualities of inlet water; the artificial wetland unit is convenient for maintaining; a blocked part can be replaced in time when the wetland unit is blocked without influencing other wetland units; and simultaneously, the blocked unit can be used for sewage treatment again by exchanging the packing inside so as to avoid waste.

Description

Assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit and application thereof and sewage treatment process

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, this wetland unit application and sewage treatment process in Sewage treatment systems, belong to technical field of sewage.

Background technology:

At present, it is more and more that artificial swamp is applied to the engineering of sewage disposal.Artificial swamp mainly is made up of wetland plant, filler, microorganism three parts, and wetland is finished removal effect to pollutent in the sewage by the synergy between the three.But wet land system is of a specified duration working time, and the biomass that organic loading is too high, produce in the system constantly factor such as increases all can cause obstruction, causes processing efficiency decline, and effluent quality is undesirable.If untimely processing will make whole wet land system be tending towards paralysis, can't realize the cleaning action of sewage.General wet land system employing changes the obstruction that methods such as water intake mode, change filler grating delay wet land system, but its effect is not ideal.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to: a kind of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, this wetland unit application and sewage treatment process in Sewage treatment systems is provided.The present invention is directed to general wet land system and easily stop up, change problems such as inconvenience, the sewage treatment wetland system that is adopted not only can effectively prevent the obstruction of wet land system, can also be according to the filler component of influent quality different adjustment wetland unit, and, when take place stopping up, also can in time change blocking portion and do not influence other wetland units.

The present invention constitutes like this: a kind of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, comprise open-topped peripheral container and five structural sheets that are placed in one, be followed successively by infiltration substrate composed plantation layer, water distribution layer, packing layer, filter layer in the peripheral container from top to bottom, layer catchments.

The matrix of water distribution layer, packing layer, filter layer and the layer that catchments is layed on the plastic pallet of pore diameter less than the matrix particle diameter, the matrix of plantation layer be laid immediately on water distribution layer above.

The matrix of plantation layer is mixed according to 3: 1～4: 1 weight ratio with fine sand by the paddy soils of particle diameter＜2mm and is formed; The matrix of water distribution layer, the layer that catchments is the coarse sand composition of 10～15mm by particle diameter; The matrix of packing layer is made up of the biologic packing material of particle diameter 3～5mm; The matrix of filter layer is made up of according to 3: 2～2: 1 weight ratio mixing the fine sand of the paddy soils of crossing the 5mm screen cloth and particle diameter 0.25～0.35mm.Described biologic packing material can make at 1150 ℃ of sintering temperature 25min with dewatered sludge, flyash and the clay part by weight according to 5: 4: 1.

The top of peripheral container exceeds plantation layer 10～30cm; The thickness of plantation layer is 15～25cm; The thickness of water distribution layer, the layer that catchments is 10～15cm; The thickness of packing layer, filter layer is 20～30cm.

Be provided with water distribution branch pipe in the water distribution layer, the water distribution branch pipe bottom replaces even perforate, and the perforate direction is oblique following; Catchment and be laid with the perforation arm that catchments, the even perforate of level in the layer.

Catchment and also be provided with turning gland and control valve, blow-off valve in the layer.For header is stopped up in the soil depression that prevents filter layer, at filter layer and catchment and be provided with layer of non-woven fabric between the layer.

The bed body long-width ratio of wetland unit is 1: 1; For the ease of draining, its bottom is provided with 1%～5% the gradient, and optimum gradient is 3%.

Wetland unit is built on the former soil layer, and is provided with impervious barrier between wetland unit and former soil layer.

It is high-density polyethylene resin or the tar felt sealing place mat of 0.5～1mm that described impervious barrier adopts thickness.

Peripheral container can be made of materials such as plastic plates, preferably adopts glass reinforced plastic to make.

The application of above-described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit in Sewage treatment systems.

A kind of sewage treatment wetland system, comprise equalizing tank, preliminary precipitation treating pond, peristaltic pump and at least one wetland unit, it is characterized in that: equalizing tank connects bilge discharge pipe, link to each other successively through piping between equalizing tank, preliminary precipitation treating pond, peristaltic pump, water intaking valve, the wetland unit, the water outlet of header and wetland unit joins; Described wetland unit is an assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit: comprise open-topped peripheral container and five structural sheets that are placed in one, be followed successively by infiltration substrate composed plantation layer, water distribution layer, packing layer, filter layer in the peripheral container from top to bottom, layer catchments.

Water inlet place of equalizing tank is provided with middle grid; The grizzly bar of middle grid is spaced apart 10～40mm.The leading portion of preliminary precipitation treating pond is provided with dusting cover; The aperture of dusting cover is 1.6mm.Fix with clip between adjacent two wetland units, only need during replacing clip is unclamped, get final product by the lifting installation, to the not influence of processing of other parts, the normal operation of wet land system during having guaranteed to safeguard.

The bottom gradient of preliminary precipitation treating pond is 1%～2%, and sloping bottom is provided with the mud receiving tank, and trench bottom is provided with shore pipe and valve.

Adopt the sewage treatment process of above-mentioned sewage treatment wetland system to be: sewage at first enters in the equalizing tank (7), and the preliminary precipitation treating pond of flowing through then enters wetland unit again through the peristaltic pump pressurization, and through water intaking valve, purifies the back and is discharged by header.

Sewage is removed floating solids and part suspended particle by obstruction, natural subsidence in equalizing tank and preliminary precipitation treating pond; After entering wetland unit, flow through successively the plantation layer, water distribution layer, packing layer, filter layer, layer catchments, plantation layer provides dissolved oxygen for the microorganism in the sewage and holds back wherein macrobead suspended substance, absorption insoluble pollutent, elements such as absorbed nitrogen phosphorus, water distribution layer is uniformly distributed in sewage in the treatment zone, removes wherein organism through packing layer, further hold back or degradation of organic substances through filter layer then, the water outlet after the processing is collected through the layer that catchments.

Wetland unit adopts alternation of wetting and drying operation, intermittent water inflow mode.Intake 2～3 preferred every day, the 4～6h of at every turn intaking, 4～6h at interval.

The hydraulic load of wetland unit is 0.15～0.45m ³/ (m ²D), best hydraulic load is 0.25m ³/ (m ²D).

Hydraulic detention time in the equalizing tank (HRT) is 4～36h; The residence time (HRT) of sewage in the preliminary precipitation treating pond is 24～36h.

In order to make the artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland of the present invention in sewage disposal, bring into play bigger effect, make its maintenance easier, save time, laborsaving, the contriver before proposing rational experimental program, taken all factors into consideration following some:

Characteristics such as 1, artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland has no surface water, floor space is little, rate of utilization is high, easy to maintenance.

2, to adjust in order being easy to, current wetland to be divided into several region, make it to constitute an integral body by linking, subregion can effectively prevent the disease and pest of wetland plant simultaneously.

3, after the subregion, can change zoning unit, make that the wetland management is convenient according to practical operation situation.

4, the assembled packing artificial wetland mainly is at community life sewage and holiday village sanitary sewage.Because these sewage water yields change greatly, can be behind the subregion according to the wetland unit number of amount of inlet water adjustment operation.

5, owing to long-time running, wet land system stops up unavoidably, and the assembled packing artificial wet land treating system can be changed blocking portion according to stopping state, and the assembled replacing is comparatively easy, and is less, easy to implement to the influence of wetland operation.

6, the zoning unit of wetland can carry out the scene according to the wetland scale and install in advance at produce in factory, and installation period is short, helps the operation of wet land system.

7, the unit that is replaced taking place to stop up can reuse no wasting phenomenon by maintenance.

Below be the main experimental study process that the contriver determines technical solution of the present invention:

1, technical process

Test technology is preliminary precipitation treating pond+artificial current wetland, that is: water inlet → equalizing tank → preliminary precipitation treating pond → water pump → artificial current wetland → water outlet

2, process object

The process object of the assembled packing artificial current wetland of the present invention's design is mainly interior among a small circle sanitary sewage such as resident living sub-district and holiday village.The sanitary sewage of residential quarter and holiday village has characteristics such as change of water quality is big, water yield instability.

Tourism and spending a holiday waits that the sewage from catering business discharging is concentrated, pollutant load is higher, compositions such as many oil-containings and washing composition, and general all edge zone outside the municipal drainage service area or newly developed area, sewage discharge has obvious seasonality or period, and the contained principal pollutant of this sewage are COD, BOD, NH ₃-N etc., the little and dispersion of the water yield, but be easy to cause the water body severe contamination after entering water body, cause eutrophication.And the waste water disposal facility in the holiday resort is higher to environmental requirement, must avoid the particularly generation of peculiar smell of secondary pollution in the design, considers that from ecology and environmental harmony aspect structures adopt buried as far as possible, and Chi Ding covers greening.From the angle of view vision, view is covered up around utilizing as far as possible, makes color and landscape environment is consistent on every side.Artificial swamp is used for sub-district and holiday village sanitary sewage disposal, and treatment facility is combined together well with naturally, and can remove pollutent efficiently.

The mobile piecing assembly artificial wet land system that the present invention adopts can be adjusted according to the unit number of different water yield adjustment assembly units, has avoided the contradiction between design and the actual treatment amount.Portable can the adjustment according to the needs of different location such as has and effluent quality is good simple and efficient at characteristics.

3, influent quality

Because the concentration of contained pollutent is inconsistent in different holiday villages, the sanitary sewage of residential quarter, therefore experiment is handled influent quality with reference to general sanitary sewage water quality.The basic water quality situation (unit is mg/L) as shown in table 1 of general sanitary sewage.

The general sanitary sewage water quality of table 1

Leading indicator	??COD Cr	??BOD 5	??SS	?NH 3-N	??TP
						General sewage	??250～300	??100～150	??150～200	?30(TKN＝40)	??4～5

4, effluent quality

In order to prevent the pollution of the environment, artificial current wetland treat effluent water quality is according to " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard execution.Main effluent quality is as shown in table 2.

The table 2 water outlet basic controlling the highest permission emission concentration of project (annual average) unit: mg/L

5, the selection of wetland unit filler and water inlet, water-out manners

The type of filler and ratio are to influence one of important factor that artificial swamp disposes of sewage.Filler comprises physical filtering, ion-exchange, obligate and non-obligate absorption, sequestering action, precipitation reaction etc. to the process of holding back of pollutent.Filler is the important component part of artificial swamp, because soil permeability is poor, stops up easily, thereby forms short stream or cross flow, so the artificial swamp by filler is replaced by sandstone or mixed fillers gradually with soil merely.Adopt mixed fillers as the artificial swamp filler, caused sewage short circuit or the long-term district of filler the phenomenon of slough to occur, make that also all contaminations in the sewage obtains removal effect preferably thereby both avoided single filler life-time service may cause stopping up.In recent years, the porous medium that some permeabilities are good, specific surface area is big, have an adsorptive power also is filled in the artificial wet land system, has improved pollutent, the particularly removal effect of nitrogen phosphorus greatly.

Matrix (is the filler of each structural sheet in the wetland unit, generally constitute by soil, fine sand, coarse sand, gravel, galleting or lime-ash etc., complete by certain thickness, form bed body for plant-growth and microorganic adhesion) select for use and need usually in the process to consider following factor: (1) has good adsorption performance and ion-exchange performance, matrix mainly is to realize by some physics and chemistry (absorption, absorption, ion-exchange, complex reaction etc.) effect in the removal process of phosphorus, thereby selects the clearance important influence of suitable matrix to phosphorus.(2) particle diameter of matrix is unsuitable excessive or too small, and the hydraulic conductivity of matrix is less, results in blockage easily, forms overland flow; Particle diameter is too big, and the area that microorganism can adhere in the unit volume is less; The matrix particle size range of selecting for use at present is at 0～30mm, and usual range is 4～16mm.(3) help biomembranous formation and renewal, help improving the removal efficient of organism and nitrogen.(4) inexpensive, matrix accounts for the ratio maximum of wetland construction cost, can reach 50%～60%.

The root growth degree of depth of determining to depend on plant, processing efficiency and the reoxygenation efficient of hypothallus thickness.In order to guarantee enough oxygen is arranged in the wetland bed body for the aerobic bacteria utilization, the hypothallus thickness of wetland (being the thickness sum of each structural sheet in the wetland unit) generally is controlled between 0.6～0.8m, the hypothallus thickness of vertical-flow wetland can be thicker relatively, generally between 0.7～0.8m.The projected depth of constructed wetland bed body generally is that the degree of depth by waterplant root system natural expansion designs, and is generally 0.6～0.7m.Be advisable with 0.2～0.6m as cattail, the wetland bed degree of depth of Medulla Junci.

Vertical-flow wetland often adopts the perforated tube water inlet.The outlet system of wetland can adopt modes such as ditch row, pipe row, well array, should consider factors such as the layout of characteristics, wet land system of receiving water body and field condition during design.For effectively. control wetland water level, vertical current constructed wetland water exhaust system generally are to lay the perforation header in hypothallus, and turning gland and by-pass valve control are set, and at the necessary position of system control valve and blow-off valve are set simultaneously.

Current wetland of the present invention mainly is made up of five parts: wetland is followed successively by from top to the bottom: the plantation layer, water distribution layer, packing layer, filter layer, layer catchments.The thickness of plantation layer is 15～25cm, and main component is that (d＜2mm), its part by weight is 3: 1～4: 1 for paddy soils and fine sand.The thickness of water distribution layer is 10～15cm, and main component is a coarse sand, and particle diameter is 10～15mm.The thickness of packing layer is 20～30cm, and main component is homemade biologic packing material, and its particle diameter is at 3～5mm.The thickness of filter layer is 20～30cm, and main component is for thin paddy soils of 5mm mesh screen and the fine sand (part by weight is 3: 2～2: 1) of particle diameter 0.25～0.35mm.Catchment the layer thickness be 10～15cm, main component is a coarse sand, particle diameter is 10～15mm.The material of water distributor and header is U-PVC, and caliber is De32.The water distribution branch pipe bottom replaces even perforate, and the perforate direction is oblique following 30 °; The perforate of header arm is the even perforate of level.At filter layer and catchment and lay layer of non-woven fabric between the layer, main effect be for the soil depression that prevents filter layer to stop up header.The top superelevation of peripheral container is set to 15cm.For preventing that wet land system from causing groundwater pollution because of seepage, require when engineering construction, should keep former soil layer as far as possible, and on former soil layer, impervious barrier is set.Impervious barrier be provided with several different methods, be the high-density polyethylene resin, tar felt sealing place mat etc. of 0.5～1mm as adopting thickness, prevent the damage of a body filler wedge angle to film, can on plastics film, lay one deck fine sand in advance during construction.The high-density polyethylene resin antiseepage is adopted in this experiment.

6, the making material of wetland unit

Make the material of the peripheral container of wetland unit and preferably select glass reinforced plastic for use.Glass reinforced plastic has following characteristics:

(1) high-strength light

The relative density of glass reinforced plastic is at 1.5～2.0g/cm ³Between, have only 1/4～1/5 of carbon steel, but its tensile strength is approaching with carbon steel, even surpasses carbon steel, and specific tenacity can be compared with high-grade alloy steel.

(2) corrosion resistance and good

Glass reinforced plastic is good anticorrosive material, and acid, alkali, salt and multiple oils and the solvent of atmosphere, water and general concentration all had resistivity preferably.

(3) good electrical property

Glass reinforced plastic is good insulating material, can be used for making isolator.

(4) thermal characteristics is good

The thermal conductivity of glass reinforced plastic is low, is 1.25～1.67kJ/ (mhK) under the room temperature, has only 1/100～1/1000 of metal, is good thermal insulation material.

(5) designability is good

Glass reinforced plastic can be designed various constructed products as required neatly, satisfies service requirements, can make product that good globality is arranged.

Simultaneously, as making material, can observe the water level dynamic change in the wetland unit with glass reinforced plastic.

7, the selection of plant

The plant difference, the microbe population difference, this mainly be plant rhizosphere effect in action.Root secretion is of a great variety, and quantity is different, and nascent meta-bolitess such as sugar, organic acid, amino acid are not only arranged, and also has secondary meta-bolites and some nameless meta-bolitess such as ketone phenol and amine.Act on surrounding environment and form rhizosphere (referring generally to the microbending soil of the not enough 1mm of root-pedosphere face), produce rhizosphere effect to the scope of several mm.Root secretion directly influences kind and the distributed number of rhizospheric microorganism, different plants or at the plant of different soils plantation or the kind and the different amts of same plant different developmental phases root secretion, thus affect rhizospheric microorganism selectively.Rhizospheric microorganism is to live in concentrated communities at rhizosphere soil, with root rhizosphere secreta is a group microorganism of main nutrition, root secretion provides a large amount of nutrition and energy substances for soil microorganisms, not only kind and quantity are far above non-rhizosphere plant for rhizospheric microorganism, and its metabolic activity is also than non-rhizospheric microorganism height.The existence of plant significantly increases the quantity of microorganism in the artificial wet land system such as nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium, phosphorus bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium.

7.1 the selection of planting patterns

Wetland plant is the important factor that influences the wet land treating system effect, so its plantation/transplanting and maintenance also are the vital tasks in the plant construction.Plantation/the transplanting of wetland plant mainly comprises the transplanting of naked sprigging, seminal propagation, harvesting plant and potted plant transplanting etc.

(1) naked sprigging

The wetland plant seedling can be from field acquisition, also can artificial culture.No matter be herbaceous plant or xylophyta, can transplant and breed with the seedling form.Cultivate the wetland plant seedling, need carry out in the nursery, behind the some months, seedling is long to 20～50cm height, can transplant.Seedling is shifted out, remove original soil, tie up bunchy, take measures to keep seedling humidity, carry out temporarily stored, transport on-the-spot plantation at last to.Naked seedling cultivation method is simple, digs a shallow hole with instrument in preset location, and seedling is inserted, and the space of remainder is tamped to get final product again.Naked sprigging surviving rate generally can reach more than 80% than seed viability height.Therefore, utilize this method to carry out plant culturing, can in the short time, build wetland plant dense, single variety, accelerate the startup and the operation of system.As the breeding of Canna generalis Bailey, adopt offshoot, 3～April the bulk root is divided into about 3cm fritter with 2～3 buds, and is coated with plant ash or SULPHUR POWDER with anticorrosion, can plant routinely in the cut place, as seen spend then, also can after the medium seedling in nursery grows, transplant again.

(2) transplanting of seminal propagation, harvesting plant

Given suitable breeding medium, humidity, sunlight and temperature condition, wetland plant can directly be bred by seed.Plan to build when having natural wetland near the wetland, can make up new constructed wetland plant group by the plant of harvesting.When having the upper zone water level, can carry out the transplanting of wetland plant as wetland plants such as reed, cattails.It is favourable sometimes to utilize the harvesting plant to transplant, and fraud is also arranged sometimes.In most cases, when the wetland plant that will gather in the crops from other wetlands was transplanted in the newly-built wetland, the plant of other kinds can be introduced simultaneously along with root system and subsidiary soil.

(3) potted plant transplanting

Seedling planted in container cultivate, this method relatively is adapted at making up woody wetland plant in the wetland, because its primary growth speed is slower than herbaceous plant.If woody wetland plant and naked sprigging are arrived newly-built wetland, its growth may be covered by the draft wetland plant fully.Potted plant transplanting is transplanted than seed or naked seedling cultivation has bigger primary growth advantage, but preliminary expenses is higher.Therefore potted plant being implanted in economically of extensive wetland do not preponderated, because of its growth, transportation and plantation expense all very high.

7.2 the selection of implantation time

The Best Times of plantation wetland plant is spring or early summer in the artificial marsh sewage treatment system, and wetland plant generally begins growth at this season.This sunshine duration period is gradually long, and from the minimum that influences of assorted living plant and disease and pest, most of plants can the adaptability growth.And, beginning season of growth plantation at wetland plant, the existing competent time is grown to maturation plant, can reach effective fraction of coverage before slowing down in cold season arrival and plant growth rate again.

7.3 the selection of planting density

The planting density of wetland plant mainly requires decision by floristics, sewage disposal usefulness, wetland type, view, for waterplant, the former seems even more important, water plant planting is mainly that sheet is planted, piece is planted and group planting, sheet is planted or piece is planted and generally all needed full kind, will all cover ground (water surface) during final acceptance of construction.

7.4 the selection of wetland plant

The selection principle of constructed wetland plant:

1. detergent power is strong

Waterplant is to the BOD in the sewage ₅, COD, TN, TP mainly be by apposition growth root district surface and near removal of microorganisms, so should select the relatively advanced waterplant of root system.

2. has resistance

1) diseases and insect pests resistance

Plant in the sewage ecological treatment system easily grows disease and pest, and diseases and insect pests resistance is directly connected to growth and the existence of plant self, also directly influences its decontamination effect improving in treatment system.

2) to the adaptive faculty of surrounding environment

Because the root system of plant in the artificial swamp wants long period of soaking in water and the pollutent that exposure concentration is higher and variation is bigger, therefore selected waterplant all will have good adaptive faculty to weather condition, edaphic condition and the animals and plants environment on every side of locality except durability against pollution is eager to excel.Generally should select the plant that exists in the natural wetland in locality or this area for use.

3) manageability

Management simply, conveniently is one of principal feature of artificial swamp ecological sewage treatment engineering.Detergent power is strong, resistance is similar if can filter out, and the less plant of increment will reduce in the management especially to the many troubles in the plant materials aftertreatment.

4) comprehensive utilization value height

If handled sewage does not contain poisonous, objectionable constituent, its comprehensive utilization can be considered from the following aspects: 1. make feed, generally select the waterplant of content＞20% (dry weight) of crude protein.2. make fertilizer, it is higher to consider that plant materials contains effective fertilizer composition, easily decomposes.3. produce biogas, should consider to ferment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of aerogenesis plant, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of generally selecting plant materials for use is 25～30.

5) beautify view

Because generally all near outskirts of a town, area is bigger simultaneously for the treatment system of town sewage, also be to consider so beautify view.

Alternative plant:

1. Medulla Junci

Perennial herb, rhizome is horizontal walks close living fibrous root.Stem clusters, high 40～120cm, diameter 1.5～4mm.Cataphyllary leaf sheath shape, sorrel or faint yellow reaches 15cm, and blade is degenerated and is the thorn aristiform.The inflorescence adnation, sympodium is spent more, intensive or evacuation; Phyllary is like the extension of stem, and is upright, long 5～20cm; Spend long 2～2.5mm, tapel 6, the strip lanceolar, the edge is membranous; Stamen 3 is 6 seldom, is about to be 2/3 of perianth.Capsule square circle shape, Room 3, the blunt or nick in top is about isometric or vertical slightly with perianth.The seed brown.5～June of florescence, really 6～July of phase.Remove BOD, N, the P effect is better.

2. cattail

Be perennial perennial root marsh herbaceous plant, plant is high 1.4～2 meters, have up to more than 3 meters.Root stock white, long and grow wild, many fibrous roots, old root tawny are given birth at the place by joint portion.Stem is cylindrical, and is upright, the hard and middle reality of matter.The leaf flat belt-like reaches more than 1 meter, and is wide 2～3 centimetres, smooth nothing hair.Base portion is long sheath and embraces stem.Flower unisexuality, spadix top are given birth to cylindric ceraceous candle.Male inflorescence is born in top, and long 10～30 centimetres, female inflorescence is born in the bottom, and is isometric or slightly long with male preface, in the middle of both continuously every, closely linked.Be beige.Spend little, no perianth, hairiness.Male flower has 3 pieces on stamen, the pollen yellow, and per 4 are gathered into piece, and female flower does not have bractlet, and ovary is linear, and handle is arranged, and style is single.Infructescence is cylindric, brown, and nut is tiny, the most white hairs of tool.Include tiny seed, ellipse.6～July of florescence, really 7～August of phase.Available sowing and division propagation are generally used division propagation.The cattail plant is phosphorus, nitrogen, CODCr, BOD5, the total suspended matter pollutents such as (TSS) of purifying city sanitary wastewater and some trade effluents effectively.

3. calamus

Aquatic herbaceous plant for many years.Fragrance is arranged, and root stock is horizontal to be walked, thick shape, and flat slightly, diameter 0.5～2cm has most adventive root (fibrous root).Phyllopodium gives birth to, and blade sword shape is linear, long 50～120cm, or longer, the wide 1～3cm in middle part, leaf base becomes the sheath shape, stem is embraced in doubling, point gradually below the middle part, in help veinclearing to show, all swell both sides, every side has 3～5 parallel venations; Leaf base has membranous leaf sheath, after come off.The scape base bears, flat prism, long 20～50cm, the long 20～40cm of lobate spathe.Spadix uprightly or is obliquely grown, and is cylindrical, yellow-green colour, long 4～9mm, diameter 6～12cm; The flower both sexes, intensive growth, 6 pieces of tapels, bar shaped, long 2.5mm, wide 1mm; 6 pieces on stamen is longer than perianth slightly, and filigree is flat, and flower pesticide is faint yellow; The ovary elongated cylindrical, long 3mm, diameter 1.2mm, the nose-circle taper, style is short, the ovule majority.The berry redness, Long Circle has 1～4 in seed.6～September of florescence, really 8～October of phase.To removing N effect is preferably arranged.

4. Canna generalis Bailey

Perennial napiform root herbage flower.Plant height can reach 100～150 centimetres, the rhizome hypertrophy; Terrestrial stem meat, not branch.Cauline leaf tool white powder, the leaf alternate, roomy, long ellipticity lanceolar.Oblong.Raceme is extracted out from the stem top, and the flower footpath can reach 20 centimetres, and petal is directly stretched, four pieces of lobe stamens of tool.Pattern has more than 50 kinds such as milky white, cadmium yellow, orange, orange, pink, bright red, purplish red, secondary color spot.Northern June at florescence～October (north); South is annual.Can purify water, have certain ornamental value again.

5. reed

Reed is the waterside plant of often seeing, and the easy and cold awns of reed is obscured, and difference is that the stem of reed is a hollow, and cold awns is not, in addition, cold awns is found everywhere, and reed is to select water and give birth to.Xia Qiu is bloomed, panicle, and give birth on the top, evacuates long 10～40 centimetres, sagging slightly, small ear contains 4～7 flowers, and monoecism, inflorescence are about 15～25 centimeters, long 1.4 centimeters of small ear, be white green or brown, the inflorescence small ear of below be male, and all the other equal male and female are suited, and the florescence is 8～December.The fruit of reed is a caryopsis, lanceolar, and the top has the place to deposit style.COD had remove efficient preferably.

Select Medulla Junci and Canna generalis Bailey two kind of plant according to above principle.Two kind of plant are plantation alternately, a plantation of two plots of promptly adjacent wetlands Canna generalis Bailey, and a plantation Medulla Junci forms in picturesque disorder man-made tourist site.The planting density of Medulla Junci is 40 strains/m ², the planting density of Canna generalis Bailey is 20 strains/m ²Adopt the seedling bare root transplanting, plant is from Guizhou Botanical Garden, and transplant time is the April.

7.5 the startup of wetland

The startup of artificial swamp is exactly to turn out suitable association of plants and animals in treatment system.The length of start time is relevant with wetland type, influent quality and season.At initial operating stage, except the factors such as adaptability of weather, plant, the bed body water level of hydraulic load and artificial swamp is the principal element that influences plant survival rate and growth thereof.Plant the initial stage at constructed wetland plant, hydraulic load is big slightly and regulate water level and reach artificial swamp and keep slight water logging, and plant-growth is very fast, and surviving rate is higher.Otherwise than the drowned flow artificial wet land of low-water level,, cause top gravel temperature filler temperature to raise, can jeopardize the existence of plant because summer temperature raises.The temperature height, the evaporation and transpiration amount is big, also can cause water level to reduce, and influences plant life.Therefore the wetland water level to be adjusted in wetland most important in starting.

For subsurface constructed wetland, during plant-growth, keep the water level of wetland of crucial importance.Constructed wetland plant reach than high-survival rate, growth stable after, also need growth channeling conduct to the constructed wetland plant root system.Common practices is to reduce constructed wetland bed body water level, under the hydrotaxis effect of roots of plants, has stimulated root system of plant to grow downwards, to satisfy the requirement of growth to water.

The a large amount of weeds particularly growth of the living weeds of shallow root drought can reduce the artificial swamp purification efficiency.Because weeds vitality is strong, may become the advantage species in the wetland initial start stage, influences the maturation of muskeg.Therefore, by regulating water level and make a surface waterflooding reduce weeds or manually pulling out and control, do not encourage use of insecticide in wetland in initial planting.

8. water intake mode

The traditional water distribution manner of artificial swamp has permanent sprinkler irrigation, movable sprinkler irrigation, basins irrigation and irrigates through furrow.In most of the cases, water distribution manner depends on local landform, soil, plant and weather condition.For the dissolved oxygen that makes artificial swamp current uniform distribution and increase wetland, the researchist has developed many novel water distribution manners.The ladder water inlet can avoid handling the anterior obstruction of bed, makes the plant growing way even, helps the nitrated denitrogenation at rear portion; Return-flow type can carry out certain dilution to water inlet, increases the dissolved oxygen in the water and reduces the stink that may occur in the water outlet, promotes the nitrification and denitrification denitrogenation in the bed of packings; Composite type then is provided with effluent recycling on the one hand, on the other hand also with the middle part of inlet distribution to bed of packings, to reduce the load of bed of packings front end.Recently, the scientific research personnel also works out a kind of radiant flux artificial swamp of novelty, and current flow to the gravel bed radially by the center of wetland, carry out the collection of water at the periphery of wetland, and this radiation streaming water distribution can improve the hydraulic conductivity of gravel matrix.

According to the water (flow) direction difference, traditional artificial swamp is divided into two kinds of parallel-flow and downstreams.Existing considerable studies show that, the biography oxygen of parallel-flow is limited in one's ability.At the bottom of the normal mode of water inlet in batches that adopts of downstream, sewage were flow to bed by surface longitudinal, after a collection of sewage passed through, a bed body was in undersaturated condition, and oxygen to the bed body, therefore, has higher aerobic treatment ability than the parallel-flow system by atmospheric diffusion.In recent years, except that parallel-flow and downstream, people have begun tide current is studied, and in this type systematic, sewage is discharged from after being full of a body gradually from the bottom to top again, and the process of draining also is the process of air reaeration.Airborne oxygen transmits into people's bed body through surface diffusion and root system of plant, and bed body top is in little oxygen environment, and when intaking, pollutent can carry out aerobic degradation again.This intermittent flow artificial swamp can be regarded as the microbial reaction system of a complexity, and the microflora that is attached to root system of plant and gravel surface carries out aerobic or anaerobic metabolism, thereby removes the pollutent in the water.

Artificial swamp can satisfy the demand of wetland plant to moisture, the operation scheme of alternation of wetting and drying more helps the growth of wetland plant, the increase of ground biomass, the increase of fibrous root and root approximate number amount, improve the oxygen therapy amount of plant, improve in the medium redox state to promote the growth of organic degraded and nitrobacteria.Operation scheme adopts the alternation of wetting and drying operation, adopts the intermittent water inflow mode.Intake the 4～6h of at every turn intaking, about 4～6h at interval every day 2～3 times.Intermittent water inflow can make full use of wetland surface and volume so that the water distribution during low hydraulic load is even.

9. equalizing tank, preliminary precipitation treating pond

The volume settings of equalizing tank is 1m ³, useful volume is 0.75m ³Hydraulic detention time 24h.The equalizing tank size is that the length of side is the cubes of 1m.Material is a glass reinforced plastic.

For preventing to stop up, pretreating zone need be set, by the preliminary precipitation effect settleable matter is removed.Based on maximum throughput, the HRT of preliminary precipitation treating pond is made as 36h.Preliminary precipitation treating pond volume is 1.25m ³, useful volume is 1.125m ³The size of preliminary precipitation treating pond: length * wide * height=1m * 1m * 1.25m.The bottom gradient is that 2%, one end is provided with the mud receiving tank, is of a size of length * wide * height=0.25m * 1m * 0.3m.Shore pipe is established in the bottom, the DN50 steel pipe, and valve is set.Simultaneously, the preliminary precipitation treating pond is provided with a dusting cover in the water inlet position, mainly is in order to suspension or floating solid matter in water or the waste water under obstruction or the removal flow state.The specification of dusting cover is the mesh screen of aperture 1.6mm, and the material of mesh screen is a stainless steel.

Because the organic composition in the sanitary sewage is easy to degraded, and suspended particle content is bigger, before the current wetland processing unit pretreating zone is set, remove the part suspended particle by natural subsidence, reduce the probability that the generation of subsequent disposal unit is stopped up.

The bed body specification of current wetland processing unit has certain influence to the processing efficiency of sewage.Generally speaking, long-width ratio is to BOD ₅, TSS and ammonia removal influential, be 1: 1 so get long-width ratio.The current wetland area is bigger, should subregion, like this can the uniformly distributing flow, and be beneficial to management of plant and the harm that protective plant is avoided the disease worm.By length the current wetland processing unit is divided into three parts again.Promptly Zui Xiao processing lattice is of a size of 0.5m * 0.5m, and the degree of depth is 0.91m.For the ease of draining, the bottom gradient is taken as 1%～5%.

10. handle determining of load

In the drowned flow artificial wet land, the water surface generally is lower than top layer a 5～10cm, and system is in state of saturation.By consulting related data: the artificial general hydraulic load of current wetland is 0.15～0.45m ³/ (m ²D).Because the difference setting of the filler in the wetland unit, its decontamination effect improving is also different.Therefore, the contriver determines the best hydraulic load of assembled packing artificial wetland by following experiment.

Earlier wet land system is divided into 6 parts, number consecutively.By the water intaking valve dominant discharge.1～No. 6 unitary hydraulic load is respectively: (unit: m ³/ (m ²D))

Table 3 test unit is handled load and numbering

??1	??2	??3	??4	??5	??6
						??0.15	??0.20	??0.25	??0.30	??0.35	??0.40

With effluent quality factor as a comparison, determine best hydraulic load.Through the operation in a week, survey water inlet, water outlet COD every day, the removal effect of observing the COD of each several part.Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are the water outlet COD changing conditions of six parts shown in the table 3 in 7 days.

What Fig. 5 showed is under different water yield conditions, and the variation of the COD value of water outlet is got over hour when the water yield as can be known, and water outlet COD can be more little, i.e. water outlet effect is good more.Fig. 6 explanation is along with the increase of hydraulic load and the prolongation of time, and the removal effect of COD can decrease.

As can be seen from Figure 7, the average COD removal of system is between 70～90%.According to relatively, determine that best hydraulic load is 0.25m ³/ (m ²D), this moment, effluent quality was good and the COD clearance is higher, can make full use of artificial swamp.

11. operating performance

After the trial run of assembled packing artificial wet land system input, water inlet, water outlet water sample were surveyed once every 2 days.Measuring method all carries out according to standard determination method.

COD measures and adopts dichromate titration, BOD to measure employing active sludge aeration edman degradation Edman, NH ₃-N measures and adopts the nessler reagent colorimetry.

(1) May, the wetland operating performance was as shown in table 4: (mg/L of unit)

The water inlet of table 4 May, effluent quality data logging

	Water inlet COD	Water outlet COD	Water inlet NH 3-N	??NH 3-N	Water inlet BOD 5	??BOD 5
							??5.1	??296	??46	??26.7	??7.5	??96.5	??19
??5.4	??318	??52	??25.3	??6.2	??101.8	??17.5
							??5.7	??256	??48	??29.5	??8.2	??120.2	??21
??5.10	??291	??38	??32.5	??5.6	??106.7	??16
							??5.13	??306	??53	??31.7	??5.1	??86.5	??10.5
??5.16	??285	??35	??26.4	??5.6	??100.9	??16.5
							??5.19	??268	??36	??23.5	??6.7	??96.5	??20.5
??5.22	??298	??26	??29.5	??7	??112.6	??16.7
							??5.27	??263	??29	??25.4	??4.7	??120.8	??13.8
??5.30	??345	??52	??19.8	??5.1	??110.6	??17.2

As shown in Table 4, the scope of May water inlet COD is between 256～345mg/L, average influent concentration is 292.6mg/L, COD concentration is between 26～53mg/L in the water outlet, on average going out water concentration is 41.5mg/L, and effluent quality can both satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.May water inlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 19.8～32.5mg/L, water inlet NH ₃-N mean concns is 27mg/L, water outlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 4.7～8.2mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 6.17mg/L, and effluent quality can both satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.May water inlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 86.5～120.8mg/L, water inlet BOD ₅Mean concns is 105.3mg/L, water outlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 10.5～21mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 16.9mg/L, and water outlet BOD is arranged twice ₅Exceed one-level B regulation, its reason may be that system's fluctuation of service causes owing to initial operating stage.By Fig. 8-10 as can be known, May artificial swamp influent quality fluctuation range is bigger, and the effluent quality fluctuation range is very little.In summary, the May effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard substantially.

As shown in Figure 11, the clearance of May COD changes between 81.25%～91.28%, and it is less to fluctuate, average removal rate 85.8%, and the removal effect of COD is good.As shown in Figure 12, May NH ₃The clearance of-N changes greatly, and fluctuation range is between 71.49%～83.91%, and average removal rate is 76.86%, NH ₃The removal effect of-N is better.As shown in Figure 13, BOD ₅The clearance variation range be 78.76%～88.58%, average removal rate is 83.9%, removal effect is good.The fluctuation of clearance mainly is because the impact load that the influent quality variation causes causes.The clearance of all contaminations is along with the prolongation of working time all shows the trend of increase, and major cause is that the fixed microorganism has adapted to the interior environment of artificial wet land system on the filler, has formed good removal mechanisms at work, and water inlet is had removal effect preferably.

(2) June, the wetland operating performance was as shown in table 5: (mg/L of unit)

The water inlet of table 5 June, effluent quality data logging

	Water inlet COD	Water outlet COD	Water inlet NH 3-N	??NH 3-N	Water inlet BOD 5	??BOD 5
							??6.2	??263	??35	??25.4	??5.3	??112.6	??17.5
??6.5	??298	??50	??29.5	??7.5	??106.7	??19.2
							??6.8	??325	??52	??30.4	??7.8	??100.8	??18.2
??6.11	??306	??59	??31.7	??5.4	??87.2	??15.2
							??6.14	??285	??34	??26.4	??6.3	??92.5	??18.3
??6.17	??294	??41	??26.7	??7.5	??99.4	??17.5
							??6.20	??286	??42	??28.6	??6.9	??103.8	??19.2
??6.23	??310	??51	??31.6	??7.8	??110.7	??18.6
							??6.28	??279	??35	??28.4	??6.4	??106.5	??17.3

As shown in Table 5, the scope of June water inlet COD is between 263～325mg/L, average influent concentration is 294mg/L, effluent COD concentration is between 34～59mg/L, on average going out water concentration is 44.3mg/L, and effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.June water inlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 25.4～31.7mg/L, water inlet NH ₃-N mean concns is 28.74mg/L, water outlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 5.3～7.8mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 6.77mg/L, and effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard equally.June water inlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 87.2～112.6mg/L, water inlet BOD ₅Mean concns is 102.25mg/L, water outlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 15.2～19.2mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 17.9mg/L.By Figure 14～16 as can be known, June artificial swamp influent quality fluctuation range is less, and the effluent quality fluctuation range is also very little.In summary, the June effluent quality can both satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.

As shown in Figure 17, the clearance of June COD changes between 80.7%～88.07%, and it is less to fluctuate, and average removal rate 85% proves that the removal effect of COD is good.As shown in Figure 18, June NH ₃The clearance of-N changes less, and fluctuation range is between 71.9%～82.96%, and average removal rate is 76.41%, NH ₃The removal effect of-N is good.As shown in Figure 19, BOD ₅The clearance variation range be 80.2%～85.46%, average removal rate is 82.45%, removal effect is good.The fluctuation of clearance mainly is because the temperature Change that Changes in weather causes causes.By Figure 17-19 as can be known, the clearance of June all contaminations is along with the prolongation of working time presents stable trend substantially, and it is less to fluctuate.Major cause is that every removal effect has also all formed good running because the operational system of artificial current wetland is ripe, and therefore the removal of every pollutent also tends towards stability.

(3) July, the wetland operating performance was as shown in table 6: (mg/L of unit)

The water inlet of table 6 July, effluent quality data logging

As shown in Table 6, the scope of July water inlet COD is between 279～325mg/L, average influent concentration is 301.4mg/L, effluent COD concentration is between 31～55mg/L, on average going out water concentration is 45.7mg/L, and effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.July water inlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 26～31.6mg/L, water inlet NH ₃-N mean concns is 28.76mg/L, water outlet NH ₃-N fluctuation of concentration scope is 6.1～8.5mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 7.2mg/L, and effluent quality once surpasses one-level B standard, and other effluent qualities all can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.This is owing to the influent quality fluctuation causes, and the same day, weather had moderate rain simultaneously, had influenced effluent quality.July water inlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 95.2～113.1mg/L, water inlet BOD ₅Mean concns is 103.8mg/L, water outlet BOD ₅The fluctuation of concentration scope is 15.6～20.8mg/L, and on average going out water concentration is 18.7mg/L, and effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard substantially.By Figure 20～22 as can be known, July artificial swamp influent quality fluctuation range is very little, and the effluent quality fluctuation range is also very little.In summary, the July effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.

As shown in Figure 23, the clearance of July COD changes between 82.62%～87.21%, and it is less to fluctuate, and average removal rate 84.9% shows that the removal effect of COD is good.As shown in Figure 24, July NH ₃The clearance of-N changes greatly, and fluctuation range is between 70.9%～78.52%, and average removal rate is 74.9%, NH ₃The removal effect of-N is good, and water outlet can qualified discharge.As shown in Figure 25, BOD ₅The clearance variation range be 80.46%～84.68%, average removal rate is 82.57%, removal effect is good.The fluctuation of clearance mainly causes owing to influent quality changes.By Figure 23-25 as can be known, the clearance of July all contaminations is along with the variation of time is basicly stable, and the water-content that goes out of every pollutent all is lower than " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) value of one-level B standard code.

Conclusion:

By trimestral steady running, the treatment effect of assembled packing artificial current wetland is good as can be known, and effluent quality can satisfy " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB18918-2002) one-level B standard.From May of initial operation to the stable July, system is also stable day by day to the degradation effect of every pollutent, removes efficient and also can maintain very high level.From average effect as can be seen, As time goes on, the data of every index of system's water outlet present the trend of increase, and the processing power that artificial wet land system is described is along with the prolongation of time can decrease, and filler and the matrix changed in the wetland are necessary in good time.

Compared with prior art, assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit provided by the present invention and comprise that this unitary sewage treatment wetland system not only can effectively prevent the obstruction of wet land system can also be according to the filler component of influent quality different adjustment wetland unit; And its maintenance is very convenient, can in time change blocking portion and do not influence other wetland units when take place stopping up, and has guaranteed the continuous operation of wet land system; Simultaneously, the unit that takes place to stop up can be used to sewage disposal again again by changing inner stuffing, has avoided waste.In addition, adopt wet land system of the present invention to carry out the respond well of sewage disposal, stable to the degradation effect of every pollutent, it is higher to remove efficient, and effluent quality is good, can satisfy the town sewage emission standard.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit;

Fig. 2 is the floor plan synoptic diagram of sewage treatment wetland system;

Fig. 3 is the longitudinal sectional drawing of preliminary precipitation treating pond (8);

Fig. 4 is a sewage treatment process sketch of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a COD value change curve of handling wetland unit water outlet in the load confirmed test;

Fig. 6 is a COD removal effect variation diagram of handling wetland unit water outlet in the load confirmed test;

Fig. 7 is a COD clearance variation diagram of handling wetland unit water outlet in the load confirmed test;

Fig. 8 is the COD variation diagram of May water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test;

Fig. 9 is the NH of May water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N variation diagram;

Figure 10 is the BOD of May water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₅Variation diagram;

Figure 11 is the COD clearance variation diagram of May water outlet in the operating performance test;

Figure 12 is the NH of May water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N clearance variation diagram;

Figure 13 is the BOD of May water outlet in the operating performance test ₅The clearance variation diagram;

Figure 14 is the COD variation diagram of June water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test;

Figure 15 is the NH of June water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N variation diagram;

Figure 16 is the BOD of June water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₅Variation diagram;

Figure 17 is the COD clearance variation diagram of June water outlet in the operating performance test;

Figure 18 is the NH of June water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N clearance variation diagram;

Figure 19 is the BOD of June water outlet in the operating performance test ₅The clearance variation diagram;

Figure 20 is the COD variation diagram of July water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test;

Figure 21 is the NH of July water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N variation diagram;

Figure 22 is the BOD of July water inlet, water outlet in the operating performance test ₅Variation diagram;

Figure 23 is the COD clearance variation diagram of July water outlet in the operating performance test;

Figure 24 is the NH of July water outlet in the operating performance test ₃-N clearance variation diagram;

Figure 25 is the BOD of July water outlet in the operating performance test ₅The clearance variation diagram.

Embodiment:

Embodiments of the invention 1: the structure of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit (as shown in Figure 1): comprise open-topped peripheral container 6 and five structural sheets that are placed in one, be followed successively by the substrate composed plantation layer 1 of infiltration, water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4 in the peripheral container 6 from top to bottom, catchment layers 5.Water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4 and layer 5 the matrix of catchmenting are layed on the plastic pallet of pore diameter less than the matrix particle diameter, the matrix of plantation layer 1 be laid immediately on water distribution layer 2 above.Peripheral container 6 usefulness glass reinforced plastic are made, and its top exceeds plantation layer 115cm.The thickness of plantation layer 1 is 15cm, and matrix is wherein mixed according to 4: 1 weight ratio with fine sand by the paddy soils of particle diameter＜2mm and formed; The thickness of water distribution layer 2 is 10cm, and matrix wherein is that the coarse sand of 15mm is formed by particle diameter; The thickness of packing layer 3 is 20cm, and matrix wherein is made up of the biologic packing material (making at 1150 ℃ of sintering temperature 25min with dewatered sludge, flyash and the clay part by weight according to 5: 4: 1) of particle diameter 5mm; The thickness of filter layer 4 is 20cm, and matrix wherein is made up of according to 3: 2 weight ratio mixing the fine sand of the paddy soils of crossing the 5mm screen cloth and particle diameter 0.30mm; Layer 5 the thickness that catchments is 10cm, and matrix wherein is that the coarse sand of 15mm is formed by particle diameter.

Be provided with water distribution branch pipe in the water distribution layer 2, the water distribution branch pipe bottom replaces even perforate, and the perforate direction is oblique following 30 °.The layer that catchments is laid with the perforation arm that catchments, the even perforate of level in 5; And be provided with turning gland and control valve, blow-off valve.For header is stopped up in the soil depression that prevents filter layer, be provided with layer of non-woven fabric between layers 5 with catchmenting at filter layer 4.

The bed body long-width ratio of this wetland unit is 1: 1; For improving sewage treating efficiency, according to the wetland area wetland treating part is divided into some unit, each unitary 0.5m * 0.5m * 0.91m (length * wide * height) that is of a size of.For the ease of draining, the bottom of wetland unit is provided with 3% the gradient.

For preventing that wet land system from causing groundwater pollution because of seepage, wetland unit preferably is built on the former soil layer, and between wetland unit and former soil layer impervious barrier is set.It is the high-density polyethylene resin of 0.5～1mm that impervious barrier adopts thickness.

Embodiments of the invention 2: the structure of assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit (as shown in Figure 1): comprise open-topped peripheral container 6 and five structural sheets that are placed in one, be followed successively by the substrate composed plantation layer 1 of infiltration, water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4 in the peripheral container 6 from top to bottom, catchment layers 5.Water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4 and layer 5 the matrix of catchmenting are layed on the plastic pallet of pore diameter less than the matrix particle diameter, the matrix of plantation layer 1 be laid immediately on water distribution layer 2 above.The plastic plate of peripheral container 6 usefulness thickness 6mm is made, and its top exceeds plantation layer 120cm.The thickness of plantation layer 1 is 20cm, and matrix is wherein mixed according to 3: 1 weight ratio with fine sand by the paddy soils of particle diameter＜2mm and formed; The thickness of water distribution layer 2 is 15cm, and matrix wherein is that the coarse sand of 10mm is formed by particle diameter; The thickness of packing layer 3 is 25cm, and matrix wherein is made up of the biologic packing material of particle diameter 3mm; The thickness of filter layer 4 is 25cm, and matrix wherein is made up of according to 2: 1 weight ratio mixing the fine sand of the paddy soils of crossing the 5mm screen cloth and particle diameter 0.25mm; Layer 5 the thickness that catchments is 15cm, and matrix wherein is that the coarse sand of 10mm is formed by particle diameter.

Be provided with water distribution branch pipe in the water distribution layer 2, the water distribution branch pipe bottom replaces even perforate, and the perforate direction is oblique following 40 °.The layer that catchments is laid with the perforation arm that catchments, the even perforate of level in 5.For header is stopped up in the soil depression that prevents filter layer, be provided with layer of non-woven fabric between layers 5 with catchmenting at filter layer 4.

The bed body long-width ratio of this wetland unit is 1: 1; For the ease of draining, the bottom of wetland unit is provided with 1% the gradient.

For preventing that wet land system from causing groundwater pollution because of seepage, wetland unit preferably is built on the former soil layer, and between wetland unit and former soil layer impervious barrier is set.It is the tar felt sealing place mat of 0.5～1mm that impervious barrier adopts thickness.

Embodiments of the invention 3: a kind of sewage treatment wetland system (see figure 2), comprise equalizing tank 7, preliminary precipitation treating pond 8, peristaltic pump 9 and several wetland units 11, equalizing tank 7 connects bilge discharge pipe, link to each other successively through piping between equalizing tank 7, preliminary precipitation treating pond 8, peristaltic pump 9, water intaking valve 10, the wetland unit 11, header 12 joins with the water outlet of wetland unit 11.Described wetland unit 11 is embodiment 1 a described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit.

Equalizing tank 7 (making of glass reinforced plastic) is of a size of 1m * 1m * 1m, and useful volume is 0.75m ³Its water inlet place is provided with middle grid, and the grizzly bar of middle grid is spaced apart 20mm, and middle grid is of a size of 0.5m * 0.5m.In order to reduce the probability that obstruction takes place in the subsequent disposal unit, the leading portion of preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 is provided with dusting cover, and the aperture of dusting cover is 1.6mm.Fix with clip between adjacent two wetland units 11, only need during replacing clip is unclamped, get final product by the lifting installation, to the not influence of processing of other parts, the normal operation of wet land system during having guaranteed to safeguard.

Preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 (referring to Fig. 3) is of a size of length * wide * height=1m * 1m * 1.25m, and useful volume is 1.125m ³, the bottom gradient is 2%; The bottom, slope is provided with mud receiving tank 13, is of a size of length * wide * height=0.25m * 1m * 0.3m; Trench bottom is provided with shore pipe 14 (DN50 steel pipe) and valve 15.

Embodiments of the invention 4: a kind of sewage treatment wetland system (see figure 2), comprise equalizing tank 7, preliminary precipitation treating pond 8, peristaltic pump 9 and several wetland units 11, equalizing tank 7 connects bilge discharge pipe, link to each other successively through piping between equalizing tank 7, preliminary precipitation treating pond 8, peristaltic pump 9, water intaking valve 10, the wetland unit 11, header 12 joins with the water outlet of wetland unit 11.Described wetland unit 11 is embodiment 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units.

Water inlet place of equalizing tank 7 is provided with middle grid; The grizzly bar of middle grid is spaced apart 30mm.The leading portion of preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 is provided with dusting cover; The aperture of dusting cover is 1.6mm.Fix with clip between adjacent two wetland units 11.The bottom gradient of preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 (referring to Fig. 3) is 1%, and sloping bottom is provided with mud receiving tank 13, and trench bottom is provided with shore pipe 14 and valve 15.

Embodiments of the invention 5: adopt the sewage treatment process (flow process such as Fig. 4) of embodiment 3 described sewage treatment wetland systems to be: sewage at first enters in the equalizing tank 7, and hydraulic detention time (HRT) is 24h; The preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 of flowing through then, the residence time (HRT) is 36h; Sewage is removed floating solids and part suspended particle by obstruction, natural subsidence in equalizing tank 7 and preliminary precipitation treating pond 8; Again through peristaltic pump 9 pressurizations, and process water intaking valve 10 enters wetland unit 11, flow through successively plantation layer 1, water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4, layer 5 catchments, plantation layer 1 provides dissolved oxygen for the microorganism in the sewage and holds back wherein macrobead suspended substance, absorption insoluble pollutent, elements such as absorbed nitrogen phosphorus, water distribution layer 2 is uniformly distributed in sewage in the treatment zone, remove wherein organism through packing layer 3, further hold back or degradation of organic substances through filter layer 4 then, water outlet after the processing is collected through the layer 5 that catchments, and is discharged by header 11 at last.

Wetland unit 11 adopts alternation of wetting and drying operation, intermittent water inflow mode; Intake the 4h of at every turn intaking, 4h at interval every day 3 times.The hydraulic load of wetland unit 11 is 0.25m ³/ (m ²D).

Embodiments of the invention 6: adopt the sewage treatment process (flow process such as Fig. 4) of embodiment 4 described sewage treatment wetland systems to be: sewage at first enters in the equalizing tank 7, and hydraulic detention time (HRT) is 20h; The preliminary precipitation treating pond 8 of flowing through then, the residence time (HRT) is 30h; Sewage is removed floating solids and part suspended particle by obstruction, natural subsidence in equalizing tank 7 and preliminary precipitation treating pond 8; Again through peristaltic pump 9 pressurizations, and process water intaking valve 10 enters wetland unit 11, flow through successively plantation layer 1, water distribution layer 2, packing layer 3, filter layer 4, layer 5 catchments, plantation layer 1 provides dissolved oxygen for the microorganism in the sewage and holds back wherein macrobead suspended substance, absorption insoluble pollutent, elements such as absorbed nitrogen phosphorus, water distribution layer 2 is uniformly distributed in sewage in the treatment zone, remove wherein organism through packing layer 3, further hold back or degradation of organic substances through filter layer 4 then, water outlet after the processing is collected through the layer 5 that catchments, and is discharged by header 11 at last.

Wetland unit 11 adopts alternation of wetting and drying operation, intermittent water inflow mode; Intake the 6h of at every turn intaking, 6h at interval every day 2 times.The hydraulic load of wetland unit 11 is 0.35m ³/ (m ²D).

Claims (21)

1. assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit, comprise open-topped peripheral container (6) and five structural sheets that are placed in one, it is characterized in that: be followed successively by the substrate composed plantation layer of infiltration (1), water distribution layer (2), packing layer (3), filter layer (4), catchment layer (5) in the peripheral container (6) from top to bottom.

2. according to the described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the matrix of water distribution layer (2), packing layer (3), filter layer (4) and the layer (5) that catchments is layed on the plastic pallet of pore diameter less than the matrix particle diameter, the matrix of plantation layer (1) be laid immediately on water distribution layer (2) above.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: the matrix of plantation layer (1) is mixed according to 3: 1～4: 1 weight ratio with fine sand by the paddy soils of particle diameter＜2mm and is formed; The matrix of water distribution layer (2), the layer (5) that catchments is the coarse sand composition of 10～15mm by particle diameter; The matrix of packing layer (3) is made up of the biologic packing material of particle diameter 3～5mm; The matrix of filter layer (4) is made up of according to 3: 2～2: 1 weight ratio mixing the fine sand of the paddy soils of crossing the 5mm screen cloth and particle diameter 0.25～0.35mm.

4. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: the top of peripheral container (6) exceeds plantation layer (1) 10～30cm; The thickness of plantation layer (1) is 15～25cm; The thickness of water distribution layer (2), the layer (5) that catchments is 10～15cm; The thickness of packing layer (3), filter layer (4) is 20～30cm.

5. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: water distribution layer is provided with water distribution branch pipe in (2), and the water distribution branch pipe bottom replaces even perforate, and the perforate direction is oblique following; The layer that catchments is laid with the perforation arm that catchments, the even perforate of level in (5).

6. according to the described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit of claim 5, it is characterized in that: also be provided with turning gland and control valve, blow-off valve in the layer (5) that catchments; The filter layer (4) and the layer that catchments are provided with layer of non-woven fabric between (5).

7. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: the bed body long-width ratio of wetland unit is 1: 1; And its bottom is provided with 1%～5% the gradient.

8. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: wetland unit is built on the former soil layer, and is provided with impervious barrier between wetland unit and former soil layer.

9. according to the described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit of claim 8, it is characterized in that: it is high-density polyethylene resin or the tar felt sealing place mat of 0.5～1mm that described impervious barrier adopts thickness.

10. according to claim 1 or 2 described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland units, it is characterized in that: peripheral container (6) is made of glass reinforced plastic.

11. as each described assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit application in Sewage treatment systems among the claim 1-10.

12. sewage treatment wetland system, comprise equalizing tank (7), preliminary precipitation treating pond (8), peristaltic pump (9) and at least one wetland unit (11), it is characterized in that: equalizing tank (7) connects bilge discharge pipe, link to each other successively through piping between equalizing tank (7), preliminary precipitation treating pond (8), peristaltic pump (9), water intaking valve (10), the wetland unit (11), header (12) joins with the water outlet of wetland unit (11); Described wetland unit (11) is an assembled packing artificial vertical subsurface flow wetland unit: comprise open-topped peripheral container (6) and five structural sheets that are placed in one, be followed successively by the substrate composed plantation layer of infiltration (1), water distribution layer (2), packing layer (3), filter layer (4), catchment layer (5) in the peripheral container (6) from top to bottom.

13. according to the described sewage treatment wetland system of claim 12, it is characterized in that: water inlet place of equalizing tank (7) is provided with middle grid; The leading portion of preliminary precipitation treating pond (8) is provided with dusting cover; Fix with clip between adjacent two wetland units (11).

14. according to the described sewage treatment wetland system of claim 13, it is characterized in that: the grizzly bar of middle grid is spaced apart 10～40mm; The aperture of dusting cover is 1.6mm.

15. according to claim 12 or 13 described sewage treatment wetland systems, it is characterized in that: the bottom gradient of preliminary precipitation treating pond (8) is 1%～2%, sloping bottom is provided with mud receiving tank (13), and trench bottom is provided with shore pipe (14) and valve (15).

16. sewage treatment process with each described sewage treatment wetland system among the claim 12-15, it is characterized in that: sewage at first enters in the equalizing tank (7), the preliminary precipitation treating pond (8) of flowing through then, pressurize through peristaltic pump (9) again, and enter wetland unit (11) through water intaking valve (10), purify the back and discharges by header (12).

17. according to the described sewage treatment process of claim 16, it is characterized in that: sewage is removed floating solids and part suspended particle by obstruction, natural subsidence in equalizing tank (7) and preliminary precipitation treating pond (8); After entering wetland unit (11), flow through successively plantation layer (1), water distribution layer (2), packing layer (3), a filter layer (4), layer (5) catchments, plantation layer (1) provides dissolved oxygen for the microorganism in the sewage and removes wherein elements such as macrobead suspended substance, insoluble pollutent and nitrogen phosphorus, water distribution layer (2) is uniformly distributed in sewage in the treatment zone, remove wherein organism through packing layer (3), further hold back or degradation of organic substances through filter layer (4) then, the water outlet after the processing is collected through the layer (5) that catchments.

18. according to claim 16 or 17 described sewage treatment process, it is characterized in that: wetland unit (11) adopts alternation of wetting and drying operation, intermittent water inflow mode.

19. according to the described sewage treatment process of claim 18, it is characterized in that: wetland unit (11) is intake 2～3 times every day, the 4～6h of at every turn intaking, 4～6h at interval.

20. according to claim 16 or 17 described sewage treatment process, it is characterized in that: the hydraulic load of wetland unit (11) is 0.15～0.45m ³/ (m ²D), best hydraulic load is 0.25m ³/ (m ²D).

21. according to claim 16 or 17 described sewage treatment process, it is characterized in that: the hydraulic detention time in the equalizing tank (7) is 4～36h; The residence time of sewage in preliminary precipitation treating pond (8) is 24～36h.

Images