Steel-concrete frame structure, wall structure and passive room
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the building field especially relates to a steel-concrete frame structure, wall structure and passive room.
Background
Under the background of global warming and energy shortage, energy-saving buildings with high energy efficiency and low emission as the core play a crucial role in realizing energy safety and sustainable development of the country. The Passive House is 'Passive House', which is called 'Passive House' for short.
The passive house is a novel building which applies the natural principle of sunlight, wind power, air temperature and humidity, adopts a building peripheral structure with high heat insulation, high sound insulation and strong sealing performance and renewable energy, and realizes the improvement and creation of comfortable living environment through the building method of planning, design and environmental configuration. In brief, it is an energy-saving building constructed based on a passive design. The passive house is called as an ultra-low energy consumption building in China, and is a green building which does not need coal and gas for heating in winter and does not need air conditioning for refrigeration in summer and keeps comfortable and energy-saving all the year round.
The popularization and the development of the passive house have very important significance. The building energy consumption accounts for more than one third of the total energy consumption of China, the energy-saving rate of the passive house can reach more than 90%, and the building is the most advanced energy-saving building in the world at present.
The passive house is an integrated product of building energy-saving concept and various technical products, and the solar energy, the geothermal energy and other renewable energy sources are fully utilized to ensure that the primary energy consumed by heating in winter or air conditioning in summer for one year does not exceed 15 kilowatts per square meter. The low energy consumption standard is realized by building external walls with high heat and sound insulation and strong sealing performance and renewable energy sources. The traditional cast-in-place concrete and brick outer wall structure is difficult to achieve the effects of high heat preservation, heat insulation and sealing like a vacuum cup, and particularly, the heat preservation layers of the foundation, the roof and the outer wall cannot be continuous, so that a heat bridge is caused. The thickness of the heat-insulating layer of the outer wall and the roof of the passive house reaches 150mm to 300mm according to the requirements of local climatic conditions, and the design without a heat bridge is required, so that the design and construction difficulty is very high, and the cost is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a steel-concrete frame structure, wall structure and passive room to the above-mentioned not enough that prior art exists.
In an embodiment of the utility model, a steel-concrete frame structure is provided, including H shaped steel, be provided with the constructional steel between the upper and lower flange of H shaped steel, it has the concrete to fill between the upper and lower flange of H shaped steel, constructional steel and concrete are even as a whole.
Optionally, the structural steel bars include a plurality of transverse steel bars and longitudinal steel bars, the longitudinal steel bars include first longitudinal steel bars and second longitudinal steel bars, two ends of the first longitudinal steel bars are respectively bent and then fixed to the two adjacent transverse steel bars, one end of the second longitudinal steel bars is connected with the upper flange of the H-shaped steel, and the other end of the second longitudinal steel bars is connected with the lower flange of the H-shaped steel.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a steel-concrete frame structure compares with prior art, has following technological effect:
prefabricatibility and assembly: the components can be prefabricated in a factory and installed on site, the assembling form of the components is consistent with that of a pure steel structure, the structural part can be completely assembled by combining the truss reinforced floor bearing plate concrete composite floor slab, the installation efficiency is high, and the construction period is short.
Combined action (constraint action): because the respective structural advantages of the section steel and the concrete are combined, the filled concrete improves the local stability of the open section steel, and the overall stability of the pure steel structure is improved by increasing the bending resistance and torsional rigidity of the whole section; steel overwrap restraint and other fittings inhibit the early cracking of concrete cracks to some extent.
Surface protection (fire protection, corrosion protection): the internal filling concrete can reduce the fire resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the H-shaped steel part and keep the same performance requirement (economy).
And (3) lightening: the lightweight of certain degree, relative pure steel and pure concrete structure respectively, can reduce member cross sectional dimension, the surrounding revetment of also being convenient for is including wrapping up the beam column, reduces the wall salient.
Easy decoration: the filling of the interior of the steel beam by the decoration of the interior and the exterior of the building provides possibility for the utilization of the partially filled composite beam.
User acceptance: the column and the beam containing the concrete have high acceptance of users.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a wall structure is provided, which comprises at least two pieces of corrugated steel mesh, thermal insulation and sound insulation layer and tie members horizontally spaced apart from each other, wherein the thermal insulation and sound insulation layer is disposed between two adjacent corrugated steel mesh, the tie members are fixedly connected to each other, and the steel-concrete assembled frame structure is embedded between two adjacent corrugated steel mesh.
Optionally, one end of the pulling piece is fixed on the outer side wall of one of the corrugated steel meshes, and the other end of the pulling piece penetrates through the corrugated steel meshes and the heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer to be fixed on the outer side wall of the other corrugated steel mesh.
Optionally, the embodiment of the utility model provides a scheme still includes first fossil fragments, the length of first fossil fragments with the height-alike of wave form steel mesh, first fossil fragments are fixed in through the iron wire on the inside wall of wave form steel mesh.
Optionally, the top and the bottom of the wave-shaped steel mesh are respectively provided with a second keel, and the wave-shaped steel mesh is bound with the second keel through iron wires.
Optionally, the outer side wall of the corrugated steel mesh is sprayed with cement mortar.
Optionally, the heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is a rock wool heat-insulating layer, and the thickness of the heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer is 150mm-300 mm.
Optionally, the wave-shaped steel mesh is a corrugated steel mesh sheet formed by pressing galvanized steel sheets, the width of the wave-shaped steel mesh is 500mm-600mm, and the corrugation height of the wave-shaped steel mesh is 30mm-50 mm.
The utility model provides a wall structure who contains steel-concrete frame structure compares with prior art, has following technological effect:
the wall body is thin, and the room rate is high: the traditional passive house outer wall heat preservation is done in the wall body outside, is 200mm thick heat preservation equally, and the wall body gross thickness reaches 450mm, and cavity centre form sandwich wall thickness is only 360mm, only 80% of traditional wall thickness.
High strength and long service life: the corrugated continuous wall is naturally formed by perfectly combining the metal steel mesh and the high-grade mortar, and has good integrity and firmness. Different from the traditional method that the heat-insulating layer is arranged on one side of the wall body, the heat-insulating layer is clamped in the middle of the wall body to form a sandwich wall, and the heat-insulating layer is hardly influenced by the external environment and can meet the requirements of hundred-year buildings. The single point hangs 100 kilograms, and the shock resistance is 30 kilograms.
The dead weight is light, and the cost is saved: the volume weight of each square meter is 160 kilograms, and the volume weight is only one fourth of the volume weight of the traditional wall body, so that the structural load is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing cost is saved.
The heat insulation material has good tightness and continuity: the special light property enables the ground and roof heat-insulating layers and the heat-insulating layer of the sandwich wall to be connected into a closed whole, which cannot be achieved by the traditional wall body.
Super safety, the anti-seismic performance is good: the built-in fine steel mesh distribution structure has excellent integrity and no falling off, and can reach the highest earthquake resistance level.
The fireproof performance is good: most of traditional passive room heat insulation materials adopt graphite polystyrene boards, are B1-grade heat insulation materials, and do not meet the fireproof standard of high-rise buildings at present. The rock wool heat-insulating material used by the sandwich wall is A grade, and the fire resistance test of the sandwich wall is over 3 hours.
The sound insulation effect is good: the sound insulation detection of the rock wool heat insulation layer with the thickness of 8 cm reaches 59 decibels, and the requirement of the indoor environment passive house with the thickness of less than 20 decibels can be completely met.
The pipeline configuration is convenient: the wave-shaped groove specially made for the steel mesh wall facilitates the pre-embedding of water and electricity pipelines before mortar spraying, and no groove is needed.
The modeling is free: different from the traditional wall material, the wall material has the advantages of plasticity and variable modeling, fully satisfies the flexible design of designers, and can be easily realized no matter the special-shaped wall body structures such as arc-shaped and S-shaped structures.
The construction speed is fast: the traditional passive building outer wall is divided into two working procedures, after the wall is constructed and painted, the heat-insulating layer is pasted on the outer side, and the process is quite complex. The hollow internal mold sandwich wall is formed in one step, and half of the construction period is saved.
The storage, transportation and hoisting are convenient: the traditional wall material needs a large amount of manpower and material resources in horizontal transportation, vertical transportation, yard management and the like. The wave-shaped steel mesh is used for replacing the traditional wall material, one common truck can transport tens of thousands of square meters, and the problems of vertical transportation and yard management are solved.
Green, energy-saving and environment-friendly: the traditional wall materials are mostly sintered products, and are high in energy consumption and not environment-friendly. The wave-shaped steel mesh is used for replacing the traditional wall material, so that no dust and no construction waste are generated on the construction site, and the method is green and environment-friendly.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a passive house is further provided, which includes the wall structure mentioned in the previous embodiment. Compared with the traditional passive house, the passive house saves 70-80% of energy consumption, and the use for 50 years is equivalent to saving the construction cost of a building.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a steel-concrete frame structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hollow internal mold wall according to a second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a disassembled structure of the hollow internal mold wall in the second embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a second embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; the connection can be mechanical connection or electric welding connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example one
This embodiment provides a steel-concrete frame structure, as shown in fig. 1, including H shaped steel 1, be provided with the constructional steel bar between the upper and lower flange of H shaped steel 1, the constructional steel bar includes a plurality of transverse reinforcement 3 and longitudinal reinforcement 4, longitudinal reinforcement 4 includes first longitudinal reinforcement 41 and the longitudinal reinforcement 42 of second, the both ends of first longitudinal reinforcement 41 are bent the after-fixing respectively on two adjacent transverse reinforcement 3, the one end of the longitudinal reinforcement 42 of second with the upper flange of H shaped steel 1 links to each other, the other end of the longitudinal reinforcement 42 of second with the lower flange of H shaped steel 1 links to each other. Concrete 2 is filled between the upper flange and the lower flange of the H-shaped steel 1, so that the H-shaped steel 1, the structural steel bars and the concrete 2 are connected into an integral structure. Through the structural design, the rigidity and the strength of the frame structure are effectively increased, the section size of the member can be reduced, the assembly convenience of the existing steel structure is realized, the characteristic of small stress deformation of the concrete structure is realized, the section size of the member can be reduced compared with pure steel and pure concrete structures, the beam column is wrapped by the peripheral retaining wall, and the convex angle of the wall surface is reduced. The manufacturing and processing of a factory are facilitated, and a template is not needed for concrete pouring. The components can be prefabricated in a factory and installed on site, the assembling form of the components is consistent with that of a pure steel structure, the structural part can be completely assembled by combining the truss reinforced floor bearing plate concrete composite floor slab, the installation efficiency is high, and the construction period is short. Because the respective structural advantages of the section steel and the concrete are combined, the filled concrete improves the local stability of the open section steel, and the overall stability of the pure steel structure is improved by increasing the bending resistance and torsional rigidity of the whole section; steel overwrap restraint and other fittings inhibit the early cracking of concrete cracks to some extent. The internal filling concrete can reduce the fire resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of the H-shaped steel part and keep the same economic performance.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a wall structure, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, including the steel-concrete assembled frame structure provided in the first embodiment, at least two corrugated steel nets 5 horizontally spaced apart from each other, a heat insulating and sound insulating layer 6, and a tie 7, where the heat insulating and sound insulating layer 6 is disposed between two adjacent corrugated steel nets 5, the two adjacent corrugated steel nets 5 are fixedly connected by the tie 7, and the steel-concrete assembled frame structure may be embedded between two adjacent corrugated steel nets 5. The traditional passive house outer wall heat preservation layer is made on the outer side of the wall body, the heat preservation layer is 200mm thick, the total thickness of the wall body reaches 450mm, the thickness of the hollow internal mold wall is only 360mm, and only 80% of the thickness of the traditional wall is formed. The corrugated continuous wall is naturally formed by perfectly combining the metal steel mesh and the high-grade mortar, and has good integrity and firmness. The self-weight is light, the cost is saved, the heat insulation material has good tightness and continuity, a fine steel mesh distribution structure is arranged in the heat insulation material, the integrity is excellent, the heat insulation material does not fall off, and the highest earthquake resistance grade can be achieved.
In an alternative of this embodiment, one end of the pulling-connecting member 7 is fixed to the outer sidewall of one of the corrugated steel nets 5, and the other end of the pulling-connecting member 7 is fixed to the outer sidewall of the other corrugated steel net 5 through the corrugated steel net 5 and the thermal insulation and soundproof layer 6.
In the alternative of this embodiment, still include first fossil fragments 8, the length of first fossil fragments 8 with the height of wave form steel mesh 5 is the same, first fossil fragments 8 are fixed in through the iron wire on the inside wall of wave form steel mesh 5, can effectively increase the roughness and the rigidity after wave form steel mesh 5 installs through above structural design.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the top and the bottom of the wave-shaped steel net 5 can be respectively provided with the second keel 9, and the wave-shaped steel net 5 and the second keel 9 can be bound by iron wires.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the outer sidewall of the corrugated steel mesh 5 is coated with cement mortar. The unique wave-shaped groove on the wave-shaped steel mesh 5 facilitates the pre-embedding of water and electricity pipelines before mortar spraying, and the pipelines are very convenient to configure without slotting.
In the optional aspect of this embodiment, the heat insulation and sound insulation layer 6 is a rock wool heat insulation layer, and the thickness of the rock wool heat insulation layer may be selected to be 150-300 mm. The rock wool heat-insulating material is A grade, and the fire resistance test of the sandwich wall exceeds 3 hours. The rock wool heat preservation layer only needs 8 centimeters thick sound insulation detection to reach 59 decibels, and can completely reach the requirement of being lower than 20 decibels for the indoor environment passive room.
In an alternative of this embodiment, the wave-shaped steel net 5 is a corrugated steel plate mesh formed by pressing galvanized steel plates, the width of the wave-shaped steel net 5 can be selected to be 500-600mm, and the corrugation height of the wave-shaped steel net 5 can be selected to be 30-50 mm.
The construction method of the wall structure of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, a first keel 8 (50 type light steel keel) with the length consistent with the height of the corrugated steel plate net 5 is firmly bound on the inner side of the corrugated steel plate net 5 by binding wires, then a steel bar is welded on an outer wall column to serve as a tie bar, and a second keel 9 (optional angle iron edge keel with holes) is fixed at the top and the bottom of the corrugated steel plate net 5; fixing the corrugated steel plate nets 5 on the second keels 9 and the tie bars at the top and the bottom by using binding wires, wherein the corrugated steel plate nets 5 positioned on the same side can be connected by using the binding wires if a plurality of corrugated steel plate nets 5 are stacked; the heat-insulating and sound-insulating layer 6 in the middle can be paved in a staggered joint mode, the gaps are sealed through special adhesive tapes to guarantee air tightness, then the corrugated steel plate nets 5 on the other side are paved, the method is the same as the above, finally, the corrugated steel plate nets 5 on the two sides are tied through the tie pieces 7 according to a certain distance, cement mortar is sprayed on the outer side walls of the corrugated steel plate nets 5 on the two sides after the corrugated steel plate nets are assembled into a wall, the wall is painted and leveled into a sandwich wall body, and a plurality of the wall bodies are continuously constructed and connected to form an integral high-heat-insulating and high.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a passive house, which comprises the wall structure of the second embodiment. The passive house roof and the ground heat-insulating material can be paved by adopting high-density graphite polyphenyl plate staggered joints, so that the waterproof and damp-proof effects are achieved, the passive house roof and the ground heat-insulating material are connected with the heat-insulating layer of the outer wall into a whole, the continuity and the tightness of the heat-insulating layer outside the building are ensured, and the high-heat-insulating and high-sealing characteristics of the passive house building are met. The roof of the passive house can be provided with a solar water heating system to meet the requirement of domestic water; the solar photovoltaic panel is laid to provide electric energy to meet the power consumption of household appliances such as lighting and the like; an air inlet coil pipe of a fresh air system is laid below 1.5 meters of the ground, the fresh air is subjected to constant temperature treatment by using geothermal energy, and the internal space of the building is ventilated by using a fresh air and heat recovery system, so that the requirements of the technical indexes of a passive house, such as constant temperature (20-26 degrees), constant humidity (35-65 percent), indoor carbon dioxide concentration of less than 1000ppn and the like, are met. Compared with the traditional passive house, the passive house saves 70-80% of energy consumption, and the use for 50 years is equivalent to saving the construction cost of a building.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.