CN211126061U - Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment - Google Patents
Millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN211126061U CN211126061U CN201922290778.1U CN201922290778U CN211126061U CN 211126061 U CN211126061 U CN 211126061U CN 201922290778 U CN201922290778 U CN 201922290778U CN 211126061 U CN211126061 U CN 211126061U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna and wireless communication equipment, the antenna includes first medium base plate and substrate integrated waveguide, be equipped with the radiating element on the first medium base plate, the lower floor of first medium base plate is as metal floor, and the central point on metal floor puts and opens there is the gap; the substrate integrated waveguide is vertically arranged, the upper end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the gap and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate, and the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed inlet. The utility model discloses a T shape structure has formed 3D's spatial structure, has compact structure, the section is low, advantage with low costs, and the feed unit only comprises the integrated waveguide of substrate, can be more easily with the mainboard integration together, has the high impedance bandwidth simultaneously, in-band axial ratio bandwidth, high gain, the directional diagram is stable, characteristics such as circular polarization directionality is good can use in wireless communication equipment such as millimeter wave 5G mobile communication.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna, especially a millimeter wave end fire circular polarized antenna and wireless communication equipment belong to wireless communication technical field.
Background
Millimeter waves refer to electromagnetic waves with the wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm (the frequency is 30GHz to 300GHz), and communication transmission by utilizing the millimeter waves has many advantages, wherein the most prominent advantage is that the frequency spectrum bandwidth is extremely wide, even if the problem of absorption of the atmosphere is considered, the bandwidth can be 5 times of the sum of the bandwidths of microwaves and the following wave bands, and the extremely wide bandwidth effectively relieves the problem of crowding of the frequency bands of the microwaves and the following wave bands. Meanwhile, as the wavelength of the millimeter wave is shorter, the possibility of realizing a small-sized antenna is brought, and the personal mobile communication device or the wearable device can be further driven to develop miniaturization. Meanwhile, the millimeter waves also have strong penetration capacity to sand dust and smoke, so that information can be transmitted more stably; the millimeter wave is greatly attenuated in water vapor and rainfall, so that the millimeter wave has better confidentiality in point-to-point communication application, and the beam of the millimeter wave is also narrower, thereby further preventing the possibility of intercepting transmitted information and improving the communication confidentiality. The patch antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, easiness in processing, stable directional diagram and the like, and is an important field of antenna research, but the traditional patch antenna has narrow impedance bandwidth (about 5 percent) and limits the application of the traditional patch antenna. The circularly polarized antenna has many advantages, it can effectively reduce the interference of cloud and rain, and the equipment equipped with the circularly polarized antenna can still normally receive information even if the posture of the equipment is severely jittered or rolled, and the circularly polarized antenna can also avoid the Faraday rotation effect. Under the condition reported in China at present, only a few millimeter wave circularly polarized antennas working in the frequency band range of 40GHz-50GHz are available, and most of the antennas have low bandwidth or complex structures.
According to investigation and understanding, the prior art that has been disclosed is as follows:
in 2018 Chen Hua chaff et al put forward in the utility model patent of "a millimeter wave broadband circular polarization microstrip antenna" that the national intellectual property office of the people's republic of China "published, print microstrip feeder, impedance converter, radiation paster on the single-deck dielectric substrate to be equipped with special-shaped ring gap on metal floor, the millimeter wave circular polarization antenna that constitutes, this antenna has very compact structure, and the section is low. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna reaches 11.63% at the center frequency of 27.398GHz, but the axial ratio bandwidth in the impedance bandwidth is only 2.027GHz, and the maximum gain is 5.36 dBi.
In 2018, in an article entitled "Printed RGW circular polarized differential Feeding Antenna Array for 5G Communications" published by IEEE transport on Antenna AND pro pagation "by mohammed Mamdouh m.ali et al in 2019, a Circularly polarized Antenna Array using differential Feeding was proposed, AND a differential Feeding power divider used for the antennas in the Array achieves a stable 180 ° phase difference in a band by aperture coupling. While the antenna consists of a rectangular aperture with a circular polarizer surrounded by a differentially fed open-ended patch ring. The whole antenna is composed of three layers of dielectric substrates with the total thickness of 1.127mm, the low profile and the compact structure of the antenna are realized, the impedance bandwidth ratio reaches 15.6% when 30GHz is taken as the center frequency, but the axial ratio bandwidth in the band is only about 3 GHz. The antenna is composed of a radiation patch layer, a power divider layer and a matching layer, and the power divider layer and the matching layer of the feed part are formed, so that the structure is complex.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving above-mentioned prior art's weak point, a millimeter wave end fire circular polarization antenna is provided, this antenna all is compared by the 2D planar structure that the individual layer medium base plate constitutes with most antennas, its T shape structure has formed 3D's spatial structure, compact structure has, the section is low, advantage with low costs, and the feed unit only comprises the integrated waveguide of substrate, can be more easily with the mainboard integration together, high impedance bandwidth has simultaneously, in-band axial ratio bandwidth, high gain, the directional diagram is stable, characteristics such as circular polarization directionality is good, can use in wireless communication equipment such as millimeter wave 5G mobile communication.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a wireless communication device.
The purpose of the utility model can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a radiation unit is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate is used as a metal floor, and a gap is formed in the center of the metal floor; the substrate integrated waveguide is vertically arranged, the upper end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the gap and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate, and the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed inlet.
Further, the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation patches and a plurality of metal probes, wherein the radiation patches correspond to the metal probes one by one;
the radiation patches are arranged on the upper layer of the first medium substrate, the metal probes are arranged in the first medium substrate, each metal probe is located below the corresponding radiation patch, the upper end of each metal probe is connected with the corresponding radiation patch, and the lower end of each metal probe is connected with the metal floor.
Furthermore, the number of the radiation patches and the number of the metal probes are four;
the two radiation patches form a first radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a first metal probe group;
the other two radiation patches form a second radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a second metal probe group;
the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group are distributed on two sides of a central axis of the upper layer of the medium substrate, and the first metal probe group and the second metal probe group are distributed on two sides of the gap.
Furthermore, the shape and the size of the radiation patch are the same, and the height and the diameter of the metal probe are the same.
Further, the radiation patch is a diamond-shaped radiation patch.
Furthermore, the gap is a strip-shaped rectangular gap.
Furthermore, the substrate integrated waveguide comprises a second dielectric substrate and two rows of metal columns, the two rows of metal columns are symmetrically arranged in the second dielectric substrate, the upper end of the second dielectric substrate is connected with the gap, and the lower end of the second dielectric substrate is used as a feed inlet.
Further, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is consistent with the width of the gap.
Furthermore, the distance between the two rows of metal columns is consistent with the length of the gap.
The utility model discloses a further purpose can reach through taking following technical scheme:
a wireless communication device comprises the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna.
The utility model discloses for prior art have following beneficial effect:
1. the utility model discloses the feed unit of antenna only comprises the integrated waveguide of substrate, has obtained very big simplification, combines together with radiating element's dielectric substrate simultaneously and forms T shape structure, all is the 2D planar structure who comprises individual layer dielectric substrate with most antennas and compares, the utility model discloses the T shape structure of antenna has formed 3D's spatial structure, and this makes the utility model discloses the antenna can be in the same place with the mainboard integration more easily, compares with the patch antenna of this kind of open feed mode of most traditional microstrip feed, the utility model discloses the transmission signal of antenna is kept apart with the external world by the integrated waveguide of substrate, has just so brought into play the advantage that the integrated waveguide interference killing feature of substrate is strong, can effectively reduce when the antenna integration is on the mainboard, and transmission signal receives other electromagnetic signal's on the mainboard interference, provides antenna signal transmission stability.
2. The utility model discloses the radiating element of antenna only needs to adopt simple paster structure, can realize the in-band (dB (| S11|) < -10dB) axial ratio bandwidth of broad, has covered 44.41GHz-49.66GHz, possess 5.25 GHz' S bandwidth. The gain of the antenna is also higher than that of many antennas of the same type, the lowest gain in the band (dB (| S11|) < -10dB and AR <3dB) is 7.79dBi, and the highest gain is 7.83 dBi.
3. The utility model discloses the impedance bandwidth of antenna has compared very big improvement with most antennas of the same type, is under 45GHz at central frequency, -10dB impedance bandwidth is 22.22%, has covered 40GHz-50GHz, and the impedance bandwidth satisfies the application in the 40GHz-50GHz frequency channel completely, has realized wide impedance bandwidth.
4. The utility model discloses the antenna is millimeter wave end fire circular polarized antenna, has stable directional diagram to and better circular polarization directivity, the axial ratio beam bandwidth under 45GHz and 47GHz is-34.11 respectively to 34.37, and-39.84 is to 40.10, and the axial ratio beam bandwidth than most circular polarized antenna is narrow, has realized the good characteristics of end fire antenna directivity.
5. The utility model discloses a can use standard Printed Circuit Board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB for short) technology to process manufacturing, its low cost, section are low, compact structure, end penetrate the performance good, adopt T shape structure, easily with the mainboard integration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded structural view of the first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view structural diagram of the first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of an upper layer of the first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of a lower layer of the first dielectric substrate in the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a | S11| simulation result curve diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an axial ratio simulation result curve diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the gain simulation result of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an XOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention at 45 GHz.
Fig. 11 is a YOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 45 GHz.
Fig. 12 is an XOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention at 47 GHz.
Fig. 13 is a YOZ plane radiation pattern of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention at 47 GHz.
Fig. 14 is an axial ratio contour diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention on the radiation surface at 45 GHz.
Fig. 15 is an axial ratio contour diagram of the millimeter wave end-fire circular polarized antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention on the radiation surface at 47 GHz.
Fig. 16 is a structural diagram of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna comprises a substrate body, a radiating patch, a metal probe, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a metal column, a gap, a feed inlet, a radiating patch, a metal column, a feed inlet, a feed outlet, a feed inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave end-fire circular polarization antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate 1 and a substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a first metal layer 2 is disposed on an upper surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, the first metal layer 2 is an upper layer of the first dielectric substrate 1, a second metal layer 3 is disposed on a lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 1, and the second metal layer 3 is a lower layer of the first dielectric substrate 1; the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed unit and comprises a second dielectric substrate 4 and two rows of metal columns 5, the second dielectric substrate 4 is vertically arranged, a third metal layer 6 and a fourth metal layer 7 are respectively arranged on two sides of the second dielectric substrate 4, the two rows of metal columns 5 are symmetrically arranged in the second dielectric substrate 4, and two ends of the two rows of metal columns 5 are respectively connected with the third metal layer 6 and the fourth metal layer 7; the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 0.787mm, and the heights and diameters of all the metal pillars 5 in the two rows of metal pillars 5 are the same.
Further, the second metal layer 3 serves as a metal floor, a gap 8 is etched in the center of the metal floor, the gap 8 is preferably a strip-shaped rectangular gap, the upper end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is connected with the gap 8 and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate 1, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 4 is consistent with the width of the gap 8, the distance between the two rows of metal columns 5 is consistent with the length of the gap 8, and when the upper end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is closely attached to the first dielectric substrate 1, the gap 8 is located between the two rows of metal columns 5; the lower end of the second dielectric substrate 4 is used as a feeding inlet 9, the feeding effect is realized sequentially through the feeding inlet 9, the two rows of metal columns 5 and the gap 8, the feeding unit is only formed by the substrate integrated waveguide, great simplification is achieved, and meanwhile, the feeding unit and the first dielectric substrate 1 are combined to form a T-shaped structure, so that the antenna can be integrated with a mainboard more easily.
Furthermore, four radiation patches 10 are printed on the first metal layer 2, four metal probes 11 are arranged in the first dielectric substrate 1, the four radiation patches 10 and the four metal probes 11 form a radiation unit, the metal probes 11 are used for transmitting energy to the radiation patches 10, the radiation patches 10 radiate the energy, the radiation patches 10 correspond to the metal probes 11 one by one, the four radiation patches 10 are arranged on the first metal layer 2, the four metal probes 11 are arranged in the first dielectric substrate 1, and each metal probe 11 is located at a proper position below the corresponding radiation patch 10; the upper end of each metal probe is connected with the corresponding radiation patch, and the lower end of each metal probe 11 is connected with the metal floor; the four radiation patches 10 are the same in shape and size, each radiation patch 10 is preferably a rhombic radiation patch formed by cutting corners of a rectangular patch, and the four metal probes 11 are the same in height and diameter.
Furthermore, four radiation patches 10 are obliquely arranged on the first metal layer 2, wherein two radiation patches 10 form a first radiation patch group, and two corresponding metal probes 11 form a first metal probe group; the other two radiation patches form a second radiation patch group, the two corresponding metal probes 11 form a second metal probe group, the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group are distributed on two sides of the central axis of the first metal layer 2, and the first metal probe group and the second metal probe group are distributed on two sides of the gap 8.
After the size parameters of each part of the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna are adjusted, verification simulation is performed on the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna through calculation and electromagnetic field simulation.
As shown in FIG. 7, a curve of the simulation result of the | S11| parameter of the antenna in the frequency range of 40GHz-50GHz is shown, and it can be seen that in the frequency range of 40GHz-50GHz, the values of dB (| S11|) are all less than-10 dB, the impedance bandwidth is 10GHz, and the impedance bandwidth ratio is 22.22% with 45GHz as the center frequency.
As shown in fig. 8, a simulation result curve of the antenna axial ratio is given, and it can be seen that, in a frequency range of 44.41GHz to 49.66GHz, the axial ratio is less than 3dB, the requirement of forming circular polarization is met, the axial ratio bandwidth is 5.25GHz, and the value of dB (| S11|) in the axial ratio bandwidth is less than-10 dB.
As shown in fig. 9, which shows the curves of the gain simulation results of the antenna, it can be seen that the gain is greater than 7.38dBi in the frequency range of 40GHz-50 GHz. The minimum gain in the 5.25GHz bandwidth of dB (| S11|) < -10dB and AR <3dB is 7.79dBi, the maximum gain is 7.83dBi, and the in-band gain is stable.
Simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has a wider circularly polarized bandwidth, higher gain, stable in-band gain and good performance, and can meet the requirements of millimeter wave circularly polarized communication.
The XOZ plane radiation pattern of the HFSS model simulated by the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of the present embodiment at 45GHz is shown in fig. 10, the YOZ plane radiation pattern at 45GHz is shown in fig. 11, the XOZ plane radiation pattern at 47GHz is shown in fig. 12, and the YOZ plane radiation pattern at 47GHz is shown in fig. 13; simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has a stable directional diagram.
As shown in fig. 14, an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface at 45GHz is given, and the radiation ranges indicated by the black areas in the diagram all meet the requirement of circular polarization, and it can be seen that the axial ratio beam bandwidth is-34.11 ° to 34.37 °; as shown in fig. 15, an axial ratio contour diagram on the radiation surface at the frequency of 47GHz is given, and the radiation ranges indicated by the black areas in the diagram all meet the requirement of circular polarization, and it can be seen that the axial ratio beam bandwidth is-39.84 ° to 40.10 °; simulation results show that the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna has the characteristics of narrower axial ratio wave beam bandwidth than most circularly polarized antennas and good directivity of the end-fire antenna.
As shown in fig. 16, the present embodiment further provides a wireless communication device, which may be a mobile device such as a mobile phone, and includes the above-mentioned millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna, the antenna is integrated on a main board of the device and placed on a side surface of the device, the T-shaped structure of the antenna utilizes a substrate integrated waveguide, so that the antenna can be more easily integrated in the main board, and meanwhile, the idle space at the side of the device can be effectively utilized to place a plurality of 5G antennas, and in combination with the end-fire circularly polarized performance thereof, 5G signals can be better radiated into the space, and signal attenuation caused by shielding of the antenna by holding of a hand and the like is reduced.
In the above embodiment, the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 4 are both made of Rogers RT/duroid5880(tm) material; the metal material used for the first metal layer 2, the second metal layer 3, the metal pillar 5 and the metal probe 11 may be any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum, or an alloy of any one of aluminum, iron, tin, copper, silver, gold and platinum.
To sum up, the utility model discloses the feed unit of antenna only comprises the integrated waveguide of substrate, has obtained very big simplification, combines together with radiating element's dielectric substrate simultaneously and forms T shape structure, compares with the 2D planar structure that most antennas all comprise individual layer dielectric substrate, the utility model discloses the T shape structure of antenna has formed 3D's spatial structure, and this makes the utility model discloses the antenna can be in the same place with the mainboard integration more easily, compares with the patch antenna of this kind of open feed mode of most traditional microstrip feed, the utility model discloses the transmission signal of antenna is kept apart with the external world by the integrated waveguide of substrate, has just so played the advantage that the integrated waveguide interference killing feature of substrate is strong, can effectively reduce when the antenna integration is on the mainboard, and transmission signal receives other electromagnetic signal's on the mainboard interference, provides antenna signal transmission stability.
The above, only be the embodiment of the utility model discloses a patent preferred, nevertheless the utility model discloses a protection scope is not limited to this, and any technical personnel who is familiar with this technical field are in the utility model discloses a within range, according to the utility model discloses a technical scheme and utility model design equivalence substitution or change all belong to the protection scope of the utility model patent.
Claims (10)
1. A millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna is characterized in that: the radiation unit is arranged on the first dielectric substrate, the lower layer of the first dielectric substrate is used as a metal floor, and a gap is formed in the center of the metal floor; the substrate integrated waveguide is vertically arranged, the upper end of the substrate integrated waveguide is connected with the gap and forms a T-shaped structure together with the first dielectric substrate, and the lower end of the substrate integrated waveguide is used as a feed inlet.
2. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radiation unit comprises a plurality of radiation patches and a plurality of metal probes, and the radiation patches correspond to the metal probes one by one;
the radiation patches are arranged on the upper layer of the first medium substrate, the metal probes are arranged in the first medium substrate, each metal probe is located below the corresponding radiation patch, the upper end of each metal probe is connected with the corresponding radiation patch, and the lower end of each metal probe is connected with the metal floor.
3. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein: the number of the radiation patches and the number of the metal probes are four;
the two radiation patches form a first radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a first metal probe group;
the other two radiation patches form a second radiation patch group, and the corresponding two metal probes form a second metal probe group;
the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group are distributed on two sides of a central axis of the upper layer of the medium substrate, and the first metal probe group and the second metal probe group are distributed on two sides of the gap.
4. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein: the shape and the size of the radiation patch are the same, and the height and the diameter of the metal probe are the same.
5. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein: the radiation patch is a diamond radiation patch.
6. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the gap is a strip-shaped rectangular gap.
7. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein: the substrate integrated waveguide comprises a second dielectric substrate and two rows of metal columns, the two rows of metal columns are symmetrically arranged in the second dielectric substrate, the upper end of the second dielectric substrate is connected with the gap, and the lower end of the second dielectric substrate is used as a feed inlet.
8. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the second medium substrate is consistent with the width of the gap.
9. The millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of claim 7, wherein: the distance between the two rows of metal columns is consistent with the length of the gap.
10. A wireless communication device, characterized by: comprising the millimeter wave end-fire circularly polarized antenna of any of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN113571892A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 海信集团控股股份有限公司 | Antenna device, vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar and automobile |
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| CN113571892A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 海信集团控股股份有限公司 | Antenna device, vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar and automobile |
| CN113571892B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-04-02 | 海信集团控股股份有限公司 | Antenna device, vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar and automobile |
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