CN211042877U

CN211042877U - A little plastic sieving mechanism for solid sample

Info

Publication number: CN211042877U
Application number: CN201921543972.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾小芸
Original assignee: Wuhu Qingyi Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhu Qingyi Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-09-17
Filing date: 2019-09-17
Publication date: 2020-07-17
Anticipated expiration: 2029-09-17

Abstract

The utility model relates to an environmental monitoring and solid useless processing field, concretely relates to a little plastics sieving mechanism for solid sample, including broken subassembly, flotation cup, screening cup and circulation subassembly, the flotation cup sets up and is equipped with stirring subassembly and aeration subassembly in screening cup inside and the flotation cup, the circulation subassembly includes wriggling subassembly and backward flow subassembly, the utility model discloses an equipment is cheap easily to buy, and the device is built with low costs and operability is good, the practicality is strong, provides reliable sample pretreatment for pollution and removal research of little plastics in the solid sample, and adopts integrated device, and the integrated level is high, can effectively avoid the loss in the sample multiple transfer process, and the human factor only exists in the stage that the sample was added, reduces the influence of human factor to little plastics screening to minimum; therefore, the reproducibility is good, and the recovery rate of the micro-plastic is high.

Description

A little plastic sieving mechanism for solid sample

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an environmental monitoring and useless field of handling admittedly, concretely relates to a little plastic sieving mechanism for solid sample.

Background

In recent years, plastic products have been widely used in industry, agriculture, and daily life. According to the statistics of Brown et al, the global annual plastic consumption is not less than 2.4 hundred million tons. Since most plastic products are stable long-chain high-molecular polymers, the degradation process of plastic wastes in the natural environment is very slow due to the chemical structure and properties of the plastic products. Thompson and other researches find that plastic waste entering natural environment can be gradually aged and crushed to form plastic fragments with the diameter smaller than 1cm or even smaller under the actions of illumination (such as photodegradation, embrittlement and the like), wave impact or microbial decomposition and the like, and the plastic waste can be decomposed into finer plastic fragments or particles under the comprehensive action of long-term complex environmental factors. However, Zurcher et al found that the physical fragmentation and chemical degradation of plastics diminished with decreasing size of the plastics, resulting in a continuous accumulation of plastic fragments in water sediments or soils, which can even exist in the environment for hundreds of years to thousands of years. In 2009, Arthur et al defined plastic chips with a diameter of less than 5mm as micro-plastics, which are increasingly gaining importance as a new class of persistent environmental pollutants. In 6 months 2014, the environmental planning agency (UNEP) of united nations issued both UNEP beverage Book2014 (Smith,2014) and valuable plastics 2014 (Raynaud,2014) to report and indicate that the economic losses of marine ecosystems caused by large amounts of Plastic wastes in the oceans are as high as $ 130 billion per Year. The research progress on micro-plastics in sea surface floating and seabed sediments is reported in journal of Nature in 12 months in 2014 continuously, and people are called to pay attention to micro-plastic pollution and harm thereof in marine environment (Marris, 2014; Perkins, 2014).

For the water body sample collected by the trawl, the method of density flotation and manual selection (using a magnifying glass or an optical microscope for assisting selection when necessary) is generally adopted to separate the micro plastic from other substances such as inorganic particles, colloid and the like. However, the presence of a large amount of solid media makes the separation of microplastics in samples with high solid content, such as soil, water sediments and dewatered sludge, a great problem. The method of soaking flotation matched with manual selection which is the same as a water sample has the problems of complex procedure, time and labor consumption and low efficiency. Therefore, many researchers have simplified the separation process of the micro-plastic in the sediment sample by designing or constructing some simple devices. Claessens and the like design an elutriation pipe device which consists of a sieve, a column, an aeration stone and a bottom water supply system, wherein the separation of the micro plastic is realized by upward flow generated by gas and liquid, the device is simple in design and convenient to operate, but the recovery rate of the micro plastic in certain specific forms is only 50.2%. Nuelle et al have set up a simple and easy flotation separation device in the laboratory for the micro plastic rate of recovery can reach 90%, still have the loaded down with trivial details step, the manual intervention is many, consuming time power scheduling problem. On the basis of a simple floatation device of Nuelle, a set of novel continuous flow-air flotation separation device is designed and improved, so that the separation process is simplified, manual intervention is reduced, and a stable recovery rate cannot be obtained.

How to separate and identify the micro-plastics from solid samples such as soil, water body sediments, dehydrated sludge and the like is an important basis for carrying out research on micro-plastic pollution and removal research. Therefore, it is urgent to establish a device which is efficient, convenient, and has a high and stable recovery rate.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a little plastic sieving mechanism for solid sample.

To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:

the utility model provides a little plastic sieving mechanism for solid sample, includes broken subassembly, broken subassembly still includes flotation cup, screening cup and circulation subassembly with broken solid sample to homogenization sample, the flotation cup sets up and is equipped with stirring subassembly and aeration subassembly in screening cup inside and the flotation cup, and the stirring subassembly is with stirring flotation cup inner solution, and aeration subassembly is located the inboard bottom of flotation cup and transmits gas to the flotation cup in, be equipped with screening subassembly and screening subassembly in the screening cup and be located the flotation cup under in order to screen little plastic, the circulation subassembly includes wriggling subassembly and backflow subassembly, backflow subassembly one end sets up in screening cup inboard bottom and with screening cup intercommunication, the other end insert the flotation cup and with the inside intercommunication of flotation cup, wriggling subassembly sets up and communicates in order to transmit liquid in screening cup side and one end and backflow subassembly middle part.

Preferably, the aeration subassembly includes air pump and aeration dish, the air pump is fixed to be set up the side at the screening cup, and the aeration dish is fixed to be set up in the flotation cup near the region of flotation cup inboard bottom, air pump and aeration dish communicate through communicating pipe, be equipped with a plurality of bleeder vent on the aeration dish.

Preferably, the stirring subassembly includes motor, puddler and a plurality of stirring rake, the motor is fixed to be set up directly over the flotation cup, and the puddler is fixed to be set up on the output of motor and rotatable setting inside the flotation cup, and the even and fixed setting of a plurality of stirring rake is in the bottom of puddler and is located inside the flotation cup.

Preferably, the screening subassembly includes the shale shaker, the adjustable setting of shale shaker is in order to screen little plastics in the inside of screening cup, and the shale shaker surface is equipped with the stainless steel filter screen, and stainless steel filter screen filters aperture and is not more than 25 microns.

Preferably, the backflow component comprises a backflow pump and a backflow pipe, one end of the backflow pipe is inserted into the bottom of the inner side of the screening cup and communicated with the screening cup, the other end of the backflow pipe is inserted into the flotation cup, the backflow pump is arranged on the backflow pipe and communicated with the backflow pipe to pressurize and backflow the flotation liquid, a waste liquid outflow pipe communicated with the backflow pipe is further arranged on one section of the backflow pipe, which is located between the backflow pump and the screening cup, and a waste liquid valve is arranged at the position of the waste liquid outflow pipe.

Preferably, the peristaltic assembly comprises a peristaltic pump and a liquid conveying pipe, the liquid conveying pipe is arranged on the return pipe, is positioned between the flotation cup and the reflux pump and is communicated with the return pipe, and the peristaltic pump is arranged on the liquid conveying pipe to convey liquid under pressure.

Preferably, the circumferential wall at the top of the flotation cup is provided with a sawtooth-shaped overflow weir.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the device adopted by the utility model is cheap and easy to purchase, the device construction cost is low, the operability is good, the practicability is strong, and reliable sample pretreatment is provided for the pollution and removal research of micro-plastics in solid samples;

2. the method of the utility model selects saturated sodium chloride solution as flotation solution, the cost of the reagent is low, the reagent is easy to be purchased and no secondary pollution is caused; the filter membrane adopts a stainless steel filter screen, can effectively retain micro plastic particles, and can be repeatedly used for many times;

3. the utility model adopts an integrated device, the integration level is high, the loss of the sample in the process of transferring for many times can be effectively avoided, the human factors only exist in the stage of adding the sample, and the influence of the human factors on the micro plastic screening is reduced to the minimum; therefore, the reproducibility is good, and the recovery rate of the micro-plastic is high;

4. the utility model soaks the solid sample in the flotation solution to form a flow state uniform turbid solution, adopts a semi-continuous processing flow, can greatly shorten the sample processing time, and improves the sample processing efficiency;

5. the utility model is provided with a waste liquid reflux system, saves the flotation liquid and can ensure the stable recovery rate; the sample demand is small, and the abundance value of the micro-plastic in the solid state per unit dry weight can be calculated by counting the micro-plastic screened from a small amount of homogenized solid samples.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the screening process of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the screening device of the present invention;

in the figure: the device comprises a flotation cup 1, a screening cup 2, an air pump 3, an aeration disc 4, a stirring rod 5, a stirring paddle 6, a vibrating screen 7, a reflux pump 8, a reflux pipe 9, a waste liquid valve 10, a peristaltic pump 11, a liquid conveying pipe 12 and an overflow weir 13.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; for a better understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not indicated or implied that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are used only for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms will be understood by those skilled in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" or the like, if appearing to indicate a connection relationship between the components, is to be understood broadly, for example, as being either a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other components or may be in an interactive relationship with one another. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples includes a crushing assembly, the crushing assembly is used for crushing the solid sample into a homogenized sample, and also comprises a flotation cup 1, a screening cup 2 and a circulating assembly, the flotation cup 1 is arranged in the screening cup 2, a stirring component and an aeration component are arranged in the flotation cup 1, the stirring component is used for stirring the solution in the flotation cup 1, the aeration component is positioned at the bottom of the inner side of the flotation cup 1 and transmits gas into the flotation cup 1, a screening component is arranged in the screening cup 2 and is positioned right below the flotation cup 1 to screen micro-plastics, circulation subassembly includes peristaltic assembly and backflow subassembly, backflow subassembly one end sets up in 2 inboard bottoms of screening cups and with screening cup 2 intercommunication, the other end insert flotation cup 1 and with the inside intercommunication of flotation cup 1, the peristaltic assembly sets up and communicates in order to transmit liquid in screening cup 2 sides and one end and backflow subassembly middle part.

The working principle is as follows: firstly, a solid sample is crushed into a homogenized sample through a crushing component, the homogenized sample is poured into a flotation cup 1, a flotation liquid is added into the flotation cup 1 through a peristaltic component, a stirring component can stir liquid in the flotation cup 1 so as to shake the flotation liquid and the homogenized sample evenly, then air is introduced from the bottom through an aeration component, bubbles push solid suspended matters upwards from the bottom of the flotation cup 1, micro plastics can be taken out when the flotation liquid overflows outwards, the overflowing flotation liquid containing the micro plastics is screened out through the screening component, the filtered flotation liquid enters a screening cup 2 and then flows back into the flotation cup 1 through a backflow component, and flotation operation is carried out for multiple times until the flotation liquid is clear.

The aeration subassembly includes air pump 3 and aeration dish 4, the fixed side that sets up at screening cup 2 of air pump 3, aeration dish 4 is fixed to be set up in flotation cup 1 near the region of flotation cup 1 inboard bottom, air pump 3 and aeration dish 4 are through communicating pipe intercommunication, be equipped with a plurality of bleeder vent on the aeration dish 4, start air pump 3, air pump 3 breathes in and with gas transmission to aeration dish 4 on, because of be equipped with a plurality of bleeder vent on the aeration dish 4, consequently can emit a plurality of bubble from flotation cup 1 bottom to the come-up to the little plastics come-up of drive suspension.

The stirring subassembly includes motor, puddler 5 and a plurality of stirring rake 6, the motor is fixed to be set up directly over flotation cup 1, and puddler 5 is fixed to be set up on the output of motor and rotatable setting inside flotation cup 1, and the even and fixed setting of a plurality of stirring rake is in the bottom of puddler 5 and is located flotation cup 1 inside, starter motor, and the motor output end rotates and will drive puddler 5 and rotate, and then drives the liquid of a plurality of stirring rake 6 and rotate together and stir the stirring to flotation cup 1 in.

Screening subassembly includes shale shaker 7, the setting with adjustable shale shaker 7 is in order to screen little plastics in the inside of

screening cup

2, and 7 surfaces of shale shaker are equipped with the stainless steel filter screen, and stainless steel filter screen filtration aperture is not more than 25 microns, and shale shaker 7 is used for the screening to spill over the little plastics in the flotation solution, and the flotation solution can flow into screening cup 2 through the stainless steel mesh, and the filtration pore diameter is not more than 25 microns and is convenient for screen out little plastics.

Reflux unit includes backwash pump 8 and back flow 9, 9 one ends of back flow are pegged graft and are set up in the inboard bottom of screening cup 2 and with screening cup 2 intercommunication, and the other end inserts in flotation cup 1, and backwash pump 8 sets up on back flow 9 and communicates with back flow 9 with pressurization backward flow flotation liquid, one section that lies in between backwash pump 8 and the screening cup 2 on the back flow 9 still is equipped with the waste liquid outlet pipe in back flow 9 intercommunication, and waste liquid outlet pipe department is equipped with waste liquid valve 10, starts backwash pump 8, and backwash pump 8 makes the liquid in back flow 9 negative pressure adsorption screening cup 2 and spreads into flotation cup 1 once more, carries out the flotation operation once more.

The peristaltic assembly includes peristaltic pump 11 and transfer line 12, transfer line 12 sets up and lies in between flotation cup 1 and reflux pump 8 on back flow pipe 9 and communicate with back flow pipe 9, peristaltic pump 11 sets up and infuses with the pressurization on transfer line 12, starts peristaltic pump 11, and peristaltic pump 11 transmits the flotation solution to back flow pipe 9 in and then transmits into flotation cup 1 through transfer line 12.

The circumferential wall of the top of the flotation cup 1 is provided with a sawtooth-shaped overflow weir 13, and the sawtooth-shaped overflow weir 13 is convenient for micro plastic particles to flow out of the flotation cup 1.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, changes, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, these modifications are within the scope of the present invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, certain terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are used merely for convenience of description.

Claims

1. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples comprising a disruption component to disrupt solid samples to homogenized samples, characterized by: still include flotation cup (1), screening cup (2) and circulation subassembly, flotation cup (1) sets up and is equipped with stirring subassembly and aeration subassembly in screening cup (2) inside and flotation cup (1), and the stirring subassembly is with stirring flotation cup (1) interior solution, and the aeration subassembly is located flotation cup (1) inboard bottom to the interior transmission gas of flotation cup (1), be equipped with screening subassembly and screening subassembly in screening cup (2) and be located flotation cup (1) under in order to filter little plastics, the circulation subassembly includes peristaltic subassembly and backflow subassembly, backflow subassembly one end sets up in screening cup (2) inboard bottom and with screening cup (2) intercommunication, the other end insert flotation cup (1) and with flotation cup (1) inside intercommunication, the peristaltic subassembly setting is in screening cup (2) side and one end and backflow subassembly middle part intercommunication in order to transmit liquid.

2. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 1, wherein: the aeration subassembly includes air pump (3) and aeration dish (4), air pump (3) are fixed to be set up in the side of screening cup (2), and aeration dish (4) are fixed to be set up in flotation cup (1) near the region of flotation cup (1) inboard bottom, air pump (3) and aeration dish (4) are through communicating pipe intercommunication, be equipped with a plurality of bleeder vent on aeration dish (4).

3. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring subassembly includes motor, puddler (5) and a plurality of stirring rake (6), the motor is fixed to be set up directly over flotation cup (1), and puddler (5) are fixed to be set up on the output of motor and rotatable setting inside flotation cup (1), and even and fixed setting of a plurality of stirring rake (6) is inside in the bottom of puddler (5) and being located flotation cup (1).

4. A microplastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: screening subassembly includes shale shaker (7), setting with adjustable shale shaker (7) is in order to screen little plastics in the inside of screening cup (2), and shale shaker (7) surface is equipped with the stainless steel filter screen, and stainless steel filter screen filter aperture is not more than 25 microns.

5. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 4, wherein: the backflow component comprises a backflow pump (8) and a backflow pipe (9), one end of the backflow pipe (9) is inserted into the bottom of the inner side of the screening cup (2) and communicated with the screening cup (2), the other end of the backflow pipe is inserted into the flotation cup (1), the backflow pump (8) is arranged on the backflow pipe (9) and communicated with the backflow pipe (9) to pressurize and backflow flotation liquid, one section of the backflow pipe (9) between the backflow pump (8) and the screening cup (2) is also provided with a waste liquid outflow pipe communicated with the backflow pipe (9), and a waste liquid valve (10) is arranged at the position of the waste liquid outflow pipe.

6. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 5, wherein: the peristaltic assembly comprises a peristaltic pump (11) and a liquid conveying pipe (12), the liquid conveying pipe (12) is arranged on the return pipe (9) and is positioned between the flotation cup (1) and the return pump (8) and communicated with the return pipe (9), and the peristaltic pump (11) is arranged on the liquid conveying pipe (12) to convey liquid in a pressurizing mode.

7. A micro plastic screening apparatus for solid samples according to claim 1, wherein: and a sawtooth-shaped overflow weir (13) is arranged on the circumferential wall at the top of the flotation cup (1).