CN211005179U - System for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
System for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN211005179U CN211005179U CN201921396742.5U CN201921396742U CN211005179U CN 211005179 U CN211005179 U CN 211005179U CN 201921396742 U CN201921396742 U CN 201921396742U CN 211005179 U CN211005179 U CN 211005179U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a system for preparing compound microbial fertilizer of charcoal base, this system includes: the pretreatment device is provided with an agriculture and forestry biomass inlet and a biomass block outlet; the carbonization furnace is provided with a biomass block inlet, a biochar outlet and a high-temperature oil gas outlet; the oil-gas separation device is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and an oil-water mixture outlet; the oil-water separation device is provided with an oil-water mixture inlet, a biological oil outlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet; a purification device having a wood vinegar stock solution inlet and a wood vinegar solution outlet; the cooling and crushing device is provided with a biochar inlet and a cooled biochar powder outlet; the mixing device is provided with a premix inlet, a cooling charcoal powder inlet, a pyroligneous liquor inlet and a mixed material outlet; the granulating device is provided with a mixed material inlet and a fertilizer granule outlet; drying device, cooling device, add fungus device and packing plant, it has compound microorganism dry powder entry, cooling fertilizer grain entry and the compound microbial manure export of charcoal base to add fungus device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the agricultural resourceization, concretely relates to system for preparing compound microbial fertilizer of charcoal base.
Background
Soil is a complex system composed of three phases of solid, liquid and gas, wherein the solid phase of soil comprises minerals, organic matters and soil microorganisms. The soil has many kinds of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and the like, and the quantity of the microorganisms is large, and hundreds of millions to billions of microorganisms exist in one gram of soil. Most soil microorganisms are beneficial to the growth and development of crops, and have great influence on the formation and development of soil, the material circulation, the fertility evolution and the like. The soil microorganism can form a soil structure, decompose organic matters, decompose mineral substances and fix nitrogen, the soil microorganism living around the root system of the plant can regulate the growth of the plant, and the resistant microorganism can prevent, control and reduce the harm of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil to crops. For a long time, with the long-term application of chemical fertilizers, the problems of low organic matter content of soil, soil hardening, barrenness, acidification, unbalanced soil nutrition proportion, rapid reduction of beneficial microorganisms, agricultural non-point source pollution and the like are caused.
Therefore, the existing compound fertilizer needs to be further explored.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The present invention aims at solving at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. Therefore, an object of the utility model is to provide a system for preparing compound microbial fertilizer of charcoal base, adopt this system can prepare the compound microbial fertilizer of charcoal base that can improve soil organic matter and the beneficial microbial community of soil simultaneously to can show improvement agricultural product output.
In one aspect of the present invention, the utility model provides a system for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer. According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, the system includes:
a pretreatment device having an agriculture and forestry biomass inlet and a biomass cake outlet;
the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace is provided with a biomass block inlet, a biochar outlet and a high-temperature oil gas outlet, wherein the biomass block inlet is connected with the biomass block outlet;
the oil-gas separation device is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and an oil-water mixture outlet, the high-temperature oil-gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil-gas outlet, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace;
the oil-water separation device is provided with an oil-water mixture inlet, a biological oil outlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the oil-water mixture inlet is connected with the oil-water mixture outlet;
the purification device is provided with a wood vinegar stock solution inlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the wood vinegar stock solution inlet is connected with the wood vinegar stock solution outlet;
the cooling and crushing device is provided with a biochar inlet and a cooled biochar powder outlet, and the biochar inlet is connected with the biochar outlet;
the mixing device is provided with a premix inlet, a cooled charcoal powder inlet, a pyroligneous liquor inlet and a mixed material outlet, wherein the cooled charcoal powder inlet is connected with the cooled charcoal powder outlet, and the pyroligneous liquor inlet is connected with the pyroligneous liquor outlet;
the granulating device is provided with a mixed material inlet and a fertilizer granule outlet, and the mixed material inlet is connected with the mixed material outlet;
the drying device is provided with a fertilizer granule inlet and a dried fertilizer granule outlet, and the fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the fertilizer granule outlet;
the cooling device is provided with a dry fertilizer granule inlet and a cooled fertilizer granule outlet, and the dry fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the dry fertilizer granule outlet;
the bacteria adding device is provided with a compound microorganism dry powder inlet, a cooled fertilizer granule inlet and a carbon-based compound microorganism fertilizer outlet, and the cooled fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the cooled fertilizer granule outlet;
and the packaging device is connected with the carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer outlet.
According to the system of preparation carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer of the embodiment of the utility model, carry out pyrolysis treatment through supplying agriculture and forestry living beings to heat accumulation formula radiant tube rotary bed carbomorphism stove, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and oil-water separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains mixes the granulation with the biological charcoal that obtains among the pyrolysis process and the premix that contains inorganic nutrient, humic acid and binder is mixed with compound microorganism dry powder after drying and cooling, wherein biological charcoal not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient effect, and slowly release and have the positive effect to remedying soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, biological charcoal in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as raw materials simultaneously and obtains, not only has realized the utilization of agriculture and forestry living beings as resources, and the raw materials cost of compound microbial fertilizer has been showing and reduced, the pyroligneous liquor contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, and is applied to soil, so that the effect of killing insects and bacteria can be achieved, the premix can effectively adjust the imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, and therefore, the charcoal generated by pyrolysis is mixed with the premix, the compound microorganism dry powder and the pyroligneous liquor to produce the carbon-based compound microorganism fertilizer, so that the straw returning of the agriculture and forestry biomass to the field is realized, the organic matter of the soil is increased, the adsorption performance of the charcoal is utilized to realize the slow release of the nutrients of the chemical fertilizer, the beneficial microorganism flora of the soil is supplemented, and the soil fertility is cultivated while the crop yield is improved. Meanwhile, according to field experiments, the method comprises the following steps: the compound microbial fertilizer is applied independently or mixed with the compound fertilizer, so that the organic matter content in soil can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be increased, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is reduced by 5-10%, the yield of crops, fruits and vegetables is increased by 5-20%, and yellow leaf diseases and small leaf diseases of fruit trees and gummosis of large cherries can be effectively prevented.
In addition, according to the utility model discloses the system of preparation charcoal base compound microbial fertilizer of above-mentioned embodiment can also have following additional technical characterstic:
optionally, the system further comprises: the biological oil direct-fired boiler is provided with a biological oil inlet and a steam outlet, and the biological oil inlet is connected with the biological oil outlet; the steam wheel power generation device is connected with the steam outlet. Therefore, the power generation cost is reduced while the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized.
Optionally, the system further comprises: the hot blast stove is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the drying device. Therefore, the production cost is reduced while the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used for explaining the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In one aspect of the present invention, the utility model provides a system for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the system includes: the system comprises a pretreatment device 100, a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace 200, an oil-gas separation device 300, an oil-water separation device 400, a purification device 500, a cooling and crushing device 600, a mixing device 700, a granulation device 800, a drying device 900, a cooling device 1000, a bacterium adding device 1100 and a packaging device 1200.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, preprocessing device 100 has agriculture and forestry living beings entry 101 and biomass piece export 102, and is suitable for carrying out the preliminary treatment with agriculture and forestry living beings, obtains the biomass piece. Specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass in the application refers to wastes generated in the production and processing processes of agriculture and forestry, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice hulls, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, in the step, the pretreatment process can be a step in the prior art, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, namely the pretreatment device can comprise devices, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, which are sequentially connected, specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass is firstly crushed to about 1cm, and then the briquetting is in a 10cm cubic shape.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, heat accumulation formula radiant tube revolving bed retort 200 has biomass piece entry 201, biological charcoal export 202 and high temperature oil gas export 203, and biomass piece entry 201 links to each other with biomass piece export 102, and is suitable for the biomass piece that obtains above-mentioned to carry out pyrolysis treatment, obtains biological charcoal and high temperature oil gas. Specifically, the heat accumulating type radiant tube provides a heat source for pyrolysis for heat supply in the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed carbonization furnace in a heat radiation mode, the temperature is 500-600 ℃ in the pyrolysis treatment process, preferably 550 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 35-55 min, the high-temperature oil gas outlet 203 is formed in the top of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed carbonization furnace 200, and a double-spiral discharging machine (not shown) is arranged at the biochar outlet 202.
Specifically, under the condition of oxygen deficiency or low oxygen, the stable and highly aromatic substance generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of the agricultural and forestry biomass is biochar which mainly comprises elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like, wherein the carbon content is up to more than 65 percent, the biochar is mainly composed of closely-stacked and highly-twisted aromatic ring sheets, the pore structure is developed, and the biochar has a larger specific surface area; the surface of the biochar is rich in functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and the like, and the biochar has good adsorption performance; in addition, the biochar is rich in organic matters and medium and trace elements. Meanwhile, the biochar has very wide preparation raw materials, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice husks, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, is low in cost, is beneficial to realizing resource utilization of wastes, and can also produce a large amount of energy products such as bio-oil and combustible gas as byproducts in the production process of the biochar. Research shows that the biochar can improve the content of organic matters and mineral nutrients in soil after being applied to the soil, effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, passivate harmful pollutants in the soil, preserve water and fertilizer and have certain slow release effect, improve the utilization rate of soil nutrients, improve the supply of the available nutrients in the soil, improve the nutrient absorption capacity of crops, and further achieve the effects of losing weight, improving efficiency and continuously preserving the soil. In addition, the biochar can provide good environment and nutrition for the propagation and growth of microorganisms, improve the population structure of the microorganisms and improve the activity of soil microorganisms.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, oil-gas separation device 300 has high temperature oil gas entry 301, pyrolysis gas export 302 and oil-water mixture export 303, high temperature oil gas entry 301 links to each other with high temperature oil gas export 203, and pyrolysis gas export 302 links to each other with the heat accumulation formula radiant tube on the heat accumulation formula radiant tube rotary bed retort 200, and be suitable for to carry out oil-gas separation to the above-mentioned high temperature oil gas that obtains and handle, the separation obtains pyrolysis gas and oil-water mixture, and supply with the partly heat accumulation formula radiant tube that produces on the heat accumulation formula radiant tube rotary bed retort (40 ~ 50% of pyrolysis gas total amount) as fuel and use. Specifically, cooling water and high-temperature oil gas are in reverse contact for heat exchange, separation of pyrolysis gas is achieved, and an oil-water mixture is obtained.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, oil water separator 400 has oil water mixture entry 401, biological oil export 402 and wood vinegar stoste export 403, and oil water mixture entry 401 links to each other with oil water mixture export 303, and is suitable for the oil water mixture who obtains above-mentioned to carry out oil water separation, and the separation obtains biological oil and wood vinegar stoste. Specifically, the oil-water separation device can be a standing device, namely, an oil-water mixture is subjected to standing treatment, and the separation of the bio-oil and the wood vinegar stock solution can be realized according to different densities of components in the oil-water mixture.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, purifier 500 has wood vinegar stoste entry 501 and wood vinegar export 502, and wood vinegar stoste entry 501 links to each other with wood vinegar stoste export 403, and is suitable for and carries out purification treatment with the wood vinegar stoste that the aforesaid obtained, obtains wood vinegar. Specifically, the wood vinegar stock solution prepared by pyrolyzing biomass contains tar. The purification device can be a distillation device, for example, a normal pressure distillation method is adopted, low boiling point component acids and water in the wood vinegar stock solution are distilled out in the distillation process, then high boiling point components such as phenols and the like are distilled out, tar colored harmful substances with relatively large molecular weight and complex structure in the vinegar solution are removed through repeated distillation of the distilled fraction, and the solution with the residual color changed from reddish brown to light yellow is the wood vinegar solution obtained after purification. The wood vinegar is a mixture mainly containing acid, and contains multiple substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and their derivatives, and has effects of killing parasite, sterilizing, disinfecting soil, and promoting plant growth.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, cooling reducing mechanism 600 has biochar inlet 601 and the export 602 of cooling charcoal powder, and biochar inlet 601 links to each other with charcoal export 202, and is suitable for the biochar that obtains in the above-mentioned heat accumulation formula radiant tube revolving bed carbomorphism furnace to cool off shredding, obtains cooling charcoal powder. Specifically, the biochar is cooled, crushed and sieved to obtain 80-100 mesh biochar powder, and specific conditions for cooling and crushing the biochar are not particularly limited as long as 80-100 mesh biochar powder can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the mixing device 700 has a cooling charcoal powder inlet 701, a pyroligneous liquor inlet 702, a premix inlet 703 and a mixed material outlet 704, the cooling charcoal powder inlet 701 is connected with the cooling charcoal powder outlet 602, the pyroligneous liquor inlet 702 is connected with the pyroligneous liquor outlet 502, and is suitable for mixing the premix and the cooling charcoal and pyroligneous liquor obtained as above to obtain a mixed material. Specifically, the premix comprises inorganic nutrients, humic acid and a binder, wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and medium trace elements, the humic acid refers to completely fermented agricultural organic wastes (straws, sawdust, bagasse and the like), and the most active humic acid also contains a certain amount of amino acids and various other physiologically active components; the binder is one or two of bentonite, starch and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. It should be noted that the cooling charcoal powder inlet 701, the pyroligneous liquor inlet 702, and the premix feed inlet 703 of the mixing device 700 may be the same port or different ports, and those skilled in the art can select them according to actual needs.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling charcoal powder, wood vinegar liquid, inorganic nutrients, humic acid and binder are (2-3): (0.2-0.5): (0.5-2.5): (2.5-4.5): (0.7-0.9) mixing. The inventor finds that the excessive addition of the biochar affects the forming effect of the fertilizer, the too small addition of the biochar affects the fertilizer effect, and the excessive addition of the biochar affects the forming effect of the fertilizer; the pH value of the fertilizer can be influenced by adding excessive or too little pyroligneous; the inorganic nutrients meet the standard of N + P of the compound microbial fertilizer2O5+K2O is between 8 and 25 percent, too little addition can not meet the standard of the minimum content of 8 percent of NPK of the fertilizer, and too much addition can correspondingly reduce the content of organic matters and can not meet the minimum standard of 20 percent of the content of the organic matters; humic acid is a main source of organic matters of the fertilizer, meets the standard of the compound microbial fertilizer which is not less than 20 percent, is added too little to meet the standard of the minimum content of 20 percent, and can correspondingly reduce the content of the NPK when too much is added, so that the standard of the minimum content of 8 percent of the NPK can not be met; the binder is a fertilizer forming additive, and the addition amount in the content range can beThe molding requirement is met, the molding requirement cannot be met due to too little addition, and the addition of too much organic matter and NPK can be correspondingly reduced, so that the fertilizer application effect is influenced. Therefore, the forming effect of the compound microbial fertilizer can be improved while the compound microbial fertilizer is improved by adopting the mixing proportion.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, prilling granulator 800 has mixture entry 801 and fertilizer grain export 802, and mixture entry 801 links to each other with mixture export 704, and is suitable for the mixture that obtains above-mentioned and carries out the granulation, obtains the fertilizer grain. Specifically, the diameter of the obtained fertilizer particles is controlled to be about 4 millimeters.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, drying device 900 has fertilizer grain entry 901 and dry fertilizer grain export 902, and fertilizer grain entry 901 links to each other with fertilizer grain export 802, and is suitable for the fertilizer grain that obtains to the aforesaid and carries out drying process, obtains dry fertilizer grain. According to the utility model discloses a specific embodiment, drying temperature is 150 ~ 300 degrees centigrade, preferred 200 degrees centigrade, and drying time is 10 ~ 20 min. Specifically, the water content of the obtained dry fertilizer particles is 12-18% (mass percentage).
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, cooling device 1000 has dry fertilizer grain entry 1001 and cooling fertilizer grain export 1002, and dry fertilizer grain entry 1001 links to each other with dry fertilizer grain export 902, and is suitable for the dry fertilizer grain that obtains with the aforesaid and cools off, obtains the cooling fertilizer grain. Specifically, the cooling process adopts normal-temperature air cooling for 10-30 minutes.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, add fungus device 1100 and have compound microorganism dry powder entry 1101, cooling fertilizer grain entry 1102 and the compound microbial manure export 1103 of charcoal base, cooling fertilizer grain entry 1102 links to each other with cooling fertilizer grain export 1002, and is suitable for the cooling fertilizer grain that obtains compound microorganism dry powder and the aforesaid and mixes, obtains the compound microbial manure of charcoal base. The inventor finds that the biochar not only can increase the content of soil organic matters and play a role in slowly releasing nutrients, but also has positive effects on repairing soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, meanwhile, the biochar in the application is prepared by taking agriculture and forestry biomass as a raw material, so that the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the raw material cost of the composite microbial fertilizer is remarkably reduced, the pyroligneous liquor contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof and is applied to soil to play a role in killing insects and bacteria, the premix can effectively adjust the imbalance of the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the soil, so that the biochar produced by pyrolysis is mixed with the premix, the composite microbial dry powder and the pyroligneous liquor to produce the carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer, the straw returning of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the soil organic matters are increased, the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, meanwhile, beneficial microbial floras in soil are supplemented, and the soil fertility is cultivated while the crop yield is improved. Specifically, the microorganism dry powder is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and in the process, the microorganism dry powder is adsorbed on the surface of the fertilizer particles.
According to a specific embodiment of the utility model, the microorganism dry powder is 100 according to the mass ratio with the cooling fertilizer grain: 1-1000: 1, mixing. The inventor finds that the effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer obtained under the mixing proportion is 0.2-2 hundred million/g, the standard of the compound microbial fertilizer is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g, the requirement of soil on microorganisms is met, the fertilizer cost is effectively reduced, the microbial dry powder is added too little and cannot meet the standard of 0.2 hundred million/g of the minimum standard of the fertilizer, the fertilizer cost is increased too much, and the application cost of the fertilizer per mu is directly increased.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, packing plant 1200 links to each other with the compound microbial fertilizer export 1103 of charcoal base, and is suitable for packing the compound microbial fertilizer of charcoal base that obtains to the aforesaid. Specifically, the obtained carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer is weighed and subpackaged, wherein each 40 kg or 50 kg of the fertilizer is packaged in one bag, and then the bag is sealed by a sealing machine.
According to the system of preparation carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer of the embodiment of the utility model, carry out pyrolysis treatment through supplying agriculture and forestry living beings to heat accumulation formula radiant tube rotary bed carbomorphism stove, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and oil-water separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains mixes the granulation with the biological charcoal that obtains among the pyrolysis process and the premix that contains inorganic nutrient, humic acid and binder is mixed with compound microorganism dry powder after drying and cooling, wherein biological charcoal not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient effect, and slowly release and have the positive effect to remedying soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, biological charcoal in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as raw materials simultaneously and obtains, not only has realized the utilization of agriculture and forestry living beings as resources, and the raw materials cost of compound microbial fertilizer has been showing and reduced, the pyroligneous liquor contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, and is applied to soil, so that the effect of killing insects and bacteria can be achieved, the premix can effectively adjust the imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, and therefore, the charcoal generated by pyrolysis is mixed with the premix, the compound microorganism dry powder and the pyroligneous liquor to produce the carbon-based compound microorganism fertilizer, so that the straw returning of the agriculture and forestry biomass to the field is realized, the organic matter of the soil is increased, the adsorption performance of the charcoal is utilized to realize the slow release of the nutrients of the chemical fertilizer, the beneficial microorganism flora of the soil is supplemented, and the soil fertility is cultivated while the crop yield is improved. Meanwhile, according to field experiments, the method comprises the following steps: the compound microbial fertilizer is applied independently or mixed with the compound fertilizer, so that the organic matter content in soil can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be increased, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is reduced by 5-10%, the yield of crops, fruits and vegetables is increased by 5-20%, and yellow leaf diseases and small leaf diseases of fruit trees and gummosis of large cherries can be effectively prevented.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the system further includes: a bio-oil direct-fired boiler 1300 and a steam turbine power plant 1400.
According to the utility model discloses an embodiment, biological oil direct-fired boiler 1300 has biological oil entry 1301 and steam outlet 1302, and biological oil entry 1301 links to each other with biological oil export 402, and is suitable for the biological oil who obtains above-mentioned to burn and produce steam.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the steam turbine power generation device 1400 is connected to the steam outlet 1302, and is adapted to supply the steam obtained as described above to the steam turbine power generation device to generate electric energy.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, the system further includes: the hot blast stove 1500 is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet 1501 and a high-temperature flue gas outlet 1502, the pyrolysis gas inlet 1501 is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet 302, the high-temperature flue gas outlet 1502 is connected with the drying device 900, and the hot blast stove is suitable for supplying another part of the obtained pyrolysis gas into the hot blast stove for combustion to generate high-temperature flue gas, and supplying the high-temperature flue gas into the drying device for use as a drying medium. Therefore, the production cost of the compound microbial fertilizer is reduced while the resource utilization of agriculture and forestry biomass is realized.
For convenience of understanding, the method for preparing the carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer by using the system is described in detail below. According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, the method includes:
s100: supplying the agriculture and forestry biomass into a pretreatment device for pretreatment
In the step, the agriculture and forestry biomass is supplied to a pretreatment device for pretreatment, and a biomass block is obtained. Specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass in the application refers to wastes generated in the production and processing processes of agriculture and forestry, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice hulls, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, in the step, the pretreatment process can be a step in the prior art, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, namely the pretreatment device can comprise devices, such as crushing, briquetting and the like, which are sequentially connected, specifically, the agriculture and forestry biomass is firstly crushed to about 1cm, and then the briquetting is in a 10cm cubic shape.
S200: the biomass blocks are supplied to a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace for pyrolysis treatment
In the step, the obtained biomass blocks are supplied to a heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace for pyrolysis treatment, and biochar and high-temperature oil gas are obtained. Specifically, the heat accumulating type radiant tube provides a heat source for pyrolysis for heat supply in the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed carbonization furnace in a heat radiation mode, the temperature is 500-600 ℃ in the pyrolysis treatment process, preferably 550 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 35-55 min, the high-temperature oil gas outlet 203 is formed in the top of the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotating bed carbonization furnace 200, and a double-spiral discharging machine (not shown) is arranged at the biochar outlet 202.
Specifically, under the condition of oxygen deficiency or low oxygen, the stable and highly aromatic substance generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of the agricultural and forestry biomass is biochar which mainly comprises elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like, wherein the carbon content is up to more than 65 percent, the biochar is mainly composed of closely-stacked and highly-twisted aromatic ring sheets, the pore structure is developed, and the biochar has a larger specific surface area; the surface of the biochar is rich in functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and the like, and the biochar has good adsorption performance; in addition, the biochar is rich in organic matters and medium and trace elements. Meanwhile, the biochar has very wide preparation raw materials, such as crop straws, dead branches, rice husks, peanut shells, wood processing leftovers and the like, is low in cost, is beneficial to realizing resource utilization of wastes, and can also produce a large amount of energy products such as bio-oil and combustible gas as byproducts in the production process of the biochar. Research shows that the biochar can improve the content of organic matters and mineral nutrients in soil after being applied to the soil, effectively improve the physicochemical property of the soil, passivate harmful pollutants in the soil, preserve water and fertilizer and have certain slow release effect, improve the utilization rate of soil nutrients, improve the supply of the available nutrients in the soil, improve the nutrient absorption capacity of crops, and further achieve the effects of losing weight, improving efficiency and continuously preserving the soil. In addition, the biochar can provide good environment and nutrition for the propagation and growth of microorganisms, improve the population structure of the microorganisms and improve the activity of soil microorganisms.
S300: supplying high-temperature oil gas to an oil-gas separation device for oil-gas separation treatment
In the step, the obtained high-temperature oil gas is supplied to an oil-gas separation device for oil-gas separation treatment to obtain a pyrolysis gas and oil-water mixture, and a part (40-50% of the total amount of the pyrolysis gas) of the generated pyrolysis gas is supplied to a heat accumulating type radiation pipe on a heat accumulating type radiation pipe rotary bed carbonization furnace to be used as a fuel. Specifically, cooling water and high-temperature oil gas are in reverse contact for heat exchange, separation of pyrolysis gas is achieved, and an oil-water mixture is obtained.
S400: feeding the oil-water mixture into an oil-water separator for separation
In the step, the obtained oil-water mixture is supplied to an oil-water separation device for separation treatment, so that bio-oil and wood vinegar stock solution are obtained. Specifically, the oil-water separation device can be a standing device, namely, an oil-water mixture is subjected to standing treatment, and the separation of the bio-oil and the wood vinegar stock solution can be realized according to different densities of components in the oil-water mixture.
S500: supplying wood vinegar stock solution to a purification device for purification treatment
In this step, the wood vinegar stock solution obtained above is supplied to a purification apparatus to be purified, thereby obtaining wood vinegar solution. Specifically, the wood vinegar stock solution prepared by pyrolyzing biomass contains tar. The purification device can be a distillation device, for example, a normal pressure distillation method is adopted, low boiling point component acids and water in the wood vinegar stock solution are distilled out in the distillation process, then high boiling point components such as phenols and the like are distilled out, tar colored harmful substances with relatively large molecular weight and complex structure in the vinegar solution are removed through repeated distillation of the distilled fraction, and the solution with the residual color changed from reddish brown to light yellow is the wood vinegar solution obtained after purification. The wood vinegar is a mixture mainly containing acid, and contains multiple substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and their derivatives, and has effects of killing parasite, sterilizing, disinfecting soil, and promoting plant growth.
S600: supplying the biochar into a cooling and crushing device for treatment
In this step, the charcoal obtained in step S200 is supplied to a cooling and pulverizing apparatus and processed to obtain cooled charcoal powder. Specifically, the biochar is cooled, crushed and sieved to obtain 80-100 mesh biochar powder, and specific conditions for cooling and crushing the biochar are not particularly limited as long as 80-100 mesh biochar powder can be obtained.
S700: feeding the cooled charcoal powder, wood vinegar and premix into a mixing device for mixing
In this step, the cooled charcoal powder, the pyroligneous solution, and the premix obtained above are supplied to a mixing device and mixed to obtain a mixed material. Specifically, the premix comprises inorganic nutrients, humic acid and a binder, wherein the inorganic nutrients comprise nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and medium trace elements, the humic acid refers to completely fermented agricultural organic wastes (straws, sawdust, bagasse and the like), and the most active humic acid also contains a certain amount of amino acids and various other physiologically active components; the binder is one or two of bentonite, starch and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling charcoal powder, wood vinegar liquid, inorganic nutrients, humic acid and binder are (2-3): (0.2-0.5): (0.5-2.5): (2.5-4.5): (0.7-0.9) mixing. The inventor finds that the excessive addition of the biochar affects the forming effect of the fertilizer, the too small addition of the biochar affects the fertilizer effect, and the excessive addition of the biochar affects the forming effect of the fertilizer; the pH value of the fertilizer can be influenced by adding excessive or too little pyroligneous; the inorganic nutrients meet the standard of N + P of the compound microbial fertilizer2O5+K2O is between 8 and 25 percent, too little addition can not meet the standard of the minimum content of 8 percent of NPK of the fertilizer, and too much addition can correspondingly reduce the content of organic matters and can not meet the minimum standard of 20 percent of the content of the organic matters; humic acid is a main source of organic matters of the fertilizer, meets the standard of the compound microbial fertilizer which is not less than 20 percent, is added too little to meet the standard of the minimum content of 20 percent, and can correspondingly reduce the content of the NPK when too much is added, so that the standard of the minimum content of 8 percent of the NPK can not be met; the binder is an additive for fertilizer molding, the addition amount of the content range can meet the molding requirement, the molding requirement cannot be met due to too little addition, and the addition of too much organic matters and NPK can be correspondingly reduced, so that the fertilizer application effect is influenced. Therefore, the forming effect of the compound microbial fertilizer can be improved while the compound microbial fertilizer is improved by adopting the mixing proportion.
S800: feeding the mixed material into a granulating device for granulation
In this step, the above-obtained mixed material is supplied to a granulating apparatus to be granulated, thereby obtaining fertilizer granules. Specifically, the diameter of the obtained fertilizer particles is controlled to be about 4 millimeters.
S900: feeding the fertilizer granules into a drying device for drying
In this step, the fertilizer granules obtained above are supplied to a drying device and dried to obtain dried fertilizer granules. According to the utility model discloses a specific embodiment, drying temperature is 150 ~ 300 degrees centigrade, preferred 200 degrees centigrade, and drying time is 10 ~ 20 min. Specifically, the water content of the obtained dry fertilizer particles is 12-18% (mass percentage).
S1000: feeding the dried fertilizer granules into a cooling device for cooling
In this step, the dried fertilizer granules obtained above are supplied to a cooling device and cooled to obtain cooled fertilizer granules. Specifically, the cooling process adopts normal-temperature air cooling for 10-30 minutes.
S1100: feeding the cooled fertilizer granules and the microbial dry powder into a bacterium adding device for mixing
In the step, the obtained cooling fertilizer granules and the microorganism dry powder are supplied to a bacterium adding device to be mixed, and the carbon-based composite microorganism fertilizer is obtained. The inventor finds that the biochar not only can increase the content of soil organic matters and play a role in slowly releasing nutrients, but also has positive effects on repairing soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, meanwhile, the biochar in the application is prepared by taking agriculture and forestry biomass as a raw material, so that the resource utilization of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the raw material cost of the composite microbial fertilizer is remarkably reduced, the pyroligneous liquor contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof and is applied to soil to play a role in killing insects and bacteria, the premix can effectively adjust the imbalance of the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the soil, so that the biochar produced by pyrolysis is mixed with the premix, the composite microbial dry powder and the pyroligneous liquor to produce the carbon-based composite microbial fertilizer, the straw returning of the agriculture and forestry biomass is realized, the soil organic matters are increased, the slow release of chemical fertilizer nutrients is realized by utilizing the adsorption performance of the biochar, meanwhile, beneficial microbial floras in soil are supplemented, and the soil fertility is cultivated while the crop yield is improved. Specifically, the microorganism dry powder is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and in the process, the microorganism dry powder is adsorbed on the surface of the fertilizer particles.
According to a specific embodiment of the utility model, the microorganism dry powder is 100 according to the mass ratio with the cooling fertilizer grain: 1-1000: 1, mixing. The inventor finds that the effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer obtained under the mixing proportion is 0.2-2 hundred million/g, the standard of the compound microbial fertilizer is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g, the requirement of soil on microorganisms is met, the fertilizer cost is effectively reduced, the microbial dry powder is added too little and cannot meet the standard of 0.2 hundred million/g of the minimum standard of the fertilizer, the fertilizer cost is increased too much, and the application cost of the fertilizer per mu is directly increased. .
S1200: the carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer is supplied to a packaging device for packaging
In the step, the obtained carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer is packaged. Specifically, the obtained carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer is weighed and subpackaged, wherein each 40 kg or 50 kg of the fertilizer is packaged in one bag, and then the bag is sealed by a sealing machine.
According to the system of preparation carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer of the embodiment of the utility model, carry out pyrolysis treatment through supplying agriculture and forestry living beings to heat accumulation formula radiant tube rotary bed carbomorphism stove, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains after oil-gas separation and oil-water separation of high temperature oil gas that obtains continues purification treatment, the wood vinegar stoste that obtains mixes the granulation with the biological charcoal that obtains among the pyrolysis process and the premix that contains inorganic nutrient, humic acid and binder is mixed with compound microorganism dry powder after drying and cooling, wherein biological charcoal not only can increase soil organic matter content, play the nutrient effect, and slowly release and have the positive effect to remedying soil heavy metal pollution and solving soil hardening, biological charcoal in this application uses agriculture and forestry living beings to prepare as raw materials simultaneously and obtains, not only has realized the utilization of agriculture and forestry living beings as resources, and the raw materials cost of compound microbial fertilizer has been showing and reduced, the pyroligneous liquor contains a mixture of various substances such as alcohol, phenol, ketone and derivatives thereof, and is applied to soil, so that the effect of killing insects and bacteria can be achieved, the premix can effectively adjust the imbalance of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, and therefore, the charcoal generated by pyrolysis is mixed with the premix, the compound microorganism dry powder and the pyroligneous liquor to produce the carbon-based compound microorganism fertilizer, so that the straw returning of the agriculture and forestry biomass to the field is realized, the organic matter of the soil is increased, the adsorption performance of the charcoal is utilized to realize the slow release of the nutrients of the chemical fertilizer, the beneficial microorganism flora of the soil is supplemented, and the soil fertility is cultivated while the crop yield is improved. Meanwhile, according to field experiments, the method comprises the following steps: the compound microbial fertilizer is applied independently or mixed with the compound fertilizer, so that the organic matter content in soil can be improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil can be increased, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is reduced by 5-10%, the yield of crops, fruits and vegetables is increased by 5-20%, and yellow leaf diseases and small leaf diseases of fruit trees and gummosis of large cherries can be effectively prevented.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the method further includes:
s1300: the bio-oil obtained in the step S400 is supplied to a bio-oil direct-combustion boiler for combustion
In this step, the bio-oil obtained in step S400 is supplied to a bio-oil direct-fired boiler and burned to generate steam.
S1400: supplying steam to a steam turbine power generator to generate electricity
In this step, the steam obtained as described above is supplied to a steam turbine power generation device to generate electric power.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 6, the method further includes:
s1500: supplying another part of the pyrolysis gas obtained in the step S300 to a hot blast furnace for combustion, and supplying high-temperature flue gas to the step S900
In this step, another part of the obtained pyrolysis gas is supplied to a hot blast furnace to be combusted, thereby generating high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is supplied to a drying device to be used as a drying medium. Therefore, the production cost of the compound microbial fertilizer is reduced while the resource utilization of agriculture and forestry biomass is realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A system for preparing carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components:
a pretreatment device having an agriculture and forestry biomass inlet and a biomass cake outlet;
the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace is provided with a biomass block inlet, a biochar outlet and a high-temperature oil gas outlet, wherein the biomass block inlet is connected with the biomass block outlet;
the oil-gas separation device is provided with a high-temperature oil-gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and an oil-water mixture outlet, the high-temperature oil-gas inlet is connected with the high-temperature oil-gas outlet, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the heat accumulating type radiant tube rotary bed carbonization furnace;
the oil-water separation device is provided with an oil-water mixture inlet, a biological oil outlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the oil-water mixture inlet is connected with the oil-water mixture outlet;
the purification device is provided with a wood vinegar stock solution inlet and a wood vinegar stock solution outlet, and the wood vinegar stock solution inlet is connected with the wood vinegar stock solution outlet;
the cooling and crushing device is provided with a biochar inlet and a cooled biochar powder outlet, and the biochar inlet is connected with the biochar outlet;
the mixing device is provided with a premix inlet, a cooled charcoal powder inlet, a pyroligneous liquor inlet and a mixed material outlet, wherein the cooled charcoal powder inlet is connected with the cooled charcoal powder outlet, and the pyroligneous liquor inlet is connected with the pyroligneous liquor outlet;
the granulating device is provided with a mixed material inlet and a fertilizer granule outlet, and the mixed material inlet is connected with the mixed material outlet;
the drying device is provided with a fertilizer granule inlet and a dried fertilizer granule outlet, and the fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the fertilizer granule outlet;
the cooling device is provided with a dry fertilizer granule inlet and a cooled fertilizer granule outlet, and the dry fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the dry fertilizer granule outlet;
the bacteria adding device is provided with a compound microorganism dry powder inlet, a cooled fertilizer granule inlet and a carbon-based compound microorganism fertilizer outlet, and the cooled fertilizer granule inlet is connected with the cooled fertilizer granule outlet;
and the packaging device is connected with the carbon-based compound microbial fertilizer outlet.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
the biological oil direct-fired boiler is provided with a biological oil inlet and a steam outlet, and the biological oil inlet is connected with the biological oil outlet;
the steam wheel power generation device is connected with the steam outlet.
3. The system of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
the hot blast stove is provided with a pyrolysis gas inlet and a high-temperature flue gas outlet, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet, and the high-temperature flue gas outlet is connected with the drying device.
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