CN210938105U - Precise horizontal machining center - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a precise horizontal machining center, which comprises an X-axis base, a W-axis base, a stand column, a main shaft and a workpiece platform, wherein a saddle is arranged in the stand column, a ram which slides forwards and backwards is assembled in the saddle in a sliding manner, the main shaft is arranged in the ram, the periphery of the saddle is assembled on a guide slide rail in a sliding manner, an anti-falling protection mechanism for preventing the saddle from falling is arranged between the stand column and the saddle, and the workpiece platform is assembled above the W-axis base; a connection adjusting mechanism for adjusting the parallelism and the alignment degree between the X-axis base and the W-axis base when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base. Through the arrangement of the connection adjusting mechanism, on-site hole matching is not needed, so that the structure space is saved, and the assembling time of on-site assembling personnel is saved. Through the arrangement of the anti-falling protection mechanism, when the machine is stopped or the machine breaks down or the saddle moves to a designated position, the saddle is ensured not to continuously fall downwards, the anti-falling protection mechanism reduces the stress link, and directly performs anti-falling protection on the protection unit, and is simple, convenient and efficient.

Description

Precise horizontal machining center

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a machining equipment technical field, concretely relates to accurate horizontal machining center.

Background

At present, most of machine bodies are connected and adjusted, and the horizontal direction and the left-right direction precision between the two machine bodies are positioned by adopting a mode of adjusting the horizontal direction of the machine bodies by adjusting anchor feet and a mode of adjusting the left-right direction by a jacking mechanism and matching with a mode of a positioning pin. If the adjusting and positioning mode is adopted, the accuracy of adjusting the horizontal direction and the left-right direction between the two machine beds can be realized, but the adjusting and positioning mode cannot be used as a positioning mechanism and only needs to be matched with pin holes to realize the purpose of recovering the accuracy after the machine beds are disassembled. And once the pin hole is matched, if the later precision does not meet the requirement, the pin hole needs to be re-matched. If the space is insufficient and narrow, the pin hole is not easy to be configured. And most of the existing horizontal machining centers have no anti-falling safety protection function, so that parts are easily damaged.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above problem, the utility model aims at providing a guarantee lathe bed installation accuracy, and have the accurate horizontal machining center of the safety protection function of preventing falling.

Realize the technical scheme of the utility model as follows

A precise horizontal machining center comprises an X-axis base, a W-axis base, an upright post, a main shaft and a workpiece platform, wherein a supporting slide rail is fixedly arranged in the left-right direction of the X-axis base, the lower end of the upright post is assembled on the supporting slide rail in a sliding manner, an upright post driving mechanism for driving the upright post to slide left and right on the slide rail is arranged on the X-axis base, the upright post is a door-shaped frame, a guide slide rail is fixedly arranged in the vertical direction of the upright post, a slide saddle is arranged in the upright post, an installation space is arranged in the slide saddle, a ram capable of sliding back and forth is assembled in the installation space, the main shaft is assembled in the ram and is assembled on the ram and drives the main shaft to rotate around the main shaft, the periphery of the slide saddle is assembled on the guide slide rail in a sliding manner, a lifting driving mechanism for driving the slide saddle to slide up and down, the workpiece platform is assembled above the W-axis base and is positioned on one side of the main shaft; a connection adjusting mechanism for adjusting the parallelism and the alignment degree between the X-axis base and the W-axis base when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the machine tool is installed, the connection adjusting mechanism ensures the levelness and the alignment degree between the W-axis base and the X-axis base, ensures the assembly precision of the W-axis base and the X-axis base and ensures the machining precision of a machining center; during transportation, the X-axis base and the W-axis base need to be dismantled, adjustment is not needed during splicing again, and the precision of the machine tool can be recovered by directly using an adjusting pad; if the precision is unqualified due to reasons other than the machine tool, the precision requirement can be met through adjustment. The adjusting mechanism can simultaneously realize the adjustment of the two machine beds in the horizontal and left-right directions, and realize the function of recovering the precision after dismantling the machine. The design structure is compact, on-site hole matching is not needed, and the structural space and the assembling time of on-site assembling personnel are saved. Through the arrangement of the anti-falling protection mechanism, when the machine is stopped or the machine breaks down or the saddle moves to a designated position, the saddle is ensured not to continuously fall downwards, the anti-falling protection mechanism reduces the stress link, and directly performs anti-falling protection on the protection unit, and is simple, convenient and efficient.

Furthermore, one side of the main shaft on the X-axis base is provided with an X-axis centering device which comprises a support and a positioning shaft, wherein the support comprises a bottom support fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis base through a connecting piece, the bottom support is arranged in the horizontal direction, and an outer inclined support which inclines to the outside is fixedly arranged on the bottom support, the upper end of the outer inclined support is provided with a horizontal assembling platform, the positioning shaft is vertically assembled on the assembling platform, and the side surface of the positioning shaft is a positioning coordinate testing point of the machining center.

Furthermore, the saddle comprises an upper saddle and a lower saddle, the upper saddle and the lower saddle are positioned and connected with each other through a pin and a bolt to form a whole, and the mounting space is formed in the upper saddle and the lower saddle; hollow holes are uniformly distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle; the ram is an integral casting, and reinforcing ribs are arranged on the wall of an inner cavity of the ram.

Further, be provided with the assembly notch respectively in the both sides of X axle base, arranged connection guiding mechanism in every assembly notch respectively, connection guiding mechanism include the adjusting block and with adjusting block screw-thread fit's control adjusting bolt, horizontal adjusting bolt, the adjusting block is arranged in the assembly notch to lock the adjusting block at W axle base tip through locking screw, control adjusting bolt horizontal direction and pass the adjusting block, control adjusting bolt's front end top and at one side inner wall of assembly notch, the adjusting block is passed to the vertical direction of horizontal adjusting bolt, horizontal adjusting bolt's nut end top is at the intraoral roof of assembly notch.

Further, a tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base and comprises a tool magazine support, the lower end of the tool magazine support is fixed on the W-axis base, a chain-type tool magazine is arranged above the tool magazine support, a tool detection device for detecting tools in the chain-type tool magazine is arranged at the upper end of the tool magazine support, and the tool detection device comprises a detection support, a bearing plate, a servo motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a linear guide rail, a clamping block, a bearing support, a spring piece and a proximity switch; the detection support is horizontally assembled above the tool magazine support, the bearing plate is fixedly assembled on one side of the detection support, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are assembled on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft respectively, the servo motor is assembled on the other side of the bearing plate, an output shaft of the servo motor is in transmission connection with the driving wheel, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are in transmission connection through a transmission belt, the linear guide rail is fixedly assembled on one side of the bearing plate, the arrangement direction of the linear guide rail is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt, the bearing support is assembled on the linear guide rail in a sliding mode, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, the other end of the clamping block is fixedly connected with the bearing support, the proximity switch is assembled on the bearing support, one end of the spring piece is assembled on.

Further, the anti-falling protection mechanism comprises an anti-falling device, a guide rod, a gland, a flange, a connecting shaft and a fixed block, wherein the fixed block is fixedly connected to the saddle, the lower end of the connecting shaft is a gear part, a limit space for inserting the gear part at the lower end of the connecting shaft is arranged in the fixed block, the gear part is arranged in the limit space from the side surface of the fixed block, after the gear part is inserted into the limit space, the limit space limits the vertical movement of the gear part, the upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with the lower end of the guide rod, the connecting shaft and the guide rod are coaxial, the guide rod is arranged in the vertical direction, the flange is fixedly assembled at the top of the upright column, the anti-falling device is fixedly arranged in the flange, the gland is connected onto the flange, the upper end of the guide rod passes through the anti-falling device and is, the internal upper portion of annular is the toper chamber, the passageway of stepping down that the lower part passed for supplying the guide bar in the annular, set up the guiding hole of the guide bar of stepping down on the holding plate, be provided with the wedge clamping jaw in the toper chamber, be provided with the spring between the upper end of wedge clamping jaw and the holding plate, the below of wedge clamping jaw is provided with the piston shaft, the medium chamber has been arranged to piston shaft below, let in the medium intracavity with the piston shaft jack-up and take the upwards compression spring motion of wedge clamping jaw, wedge clamping jaw inner wall and guide bar outer wall separation, after removing the medium pressure of medium intracavity, the spring promotes wedge clamping jaw downstream, wedge clamping jaw inner wall and guide bar outer wall contact form the clamp force.

Furthermore, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder assembled on the upright post, the driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the upright post to be connected with the sliding saddle, and a pneumatic balance system for providing balanced air pressure for the lifting cylinder, wherein the pneumatic balance system comprises a two-position five-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure increasing valve, a pressure switch, a one-way valve, a ball valve, a silencer and a pressure container; the pressure container is transversely arranged above the upright post through a pressure container bracket, an exhaust pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, an air return pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and a pressure pipe for injecting pressure gas into the pressure container; the pressure container is also connected with a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the structure of FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the X-axis base and the column of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the anti-falling mechanism of the present invention assembled on the upright post;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the fall arrest mechanism of FIG. 5 taken along the line;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the fall protection mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing block in the anti-falling mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the fall arrest device in the fall arrest mechanism;

fig. 11 is an assembly diagram of the present invention between the X-axis base and the W-axis base;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view at B of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the saddle and ram assembly;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of the upper saddle;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the ram;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a middle tool detecting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 16;

fig. 19 is a schematic view of a pneumatic balancing system according to the present invention;

in the drawing, 1 is an X-axis base, 2 is a W-axis base, 3 is an upright column, 4 is a main shaft, 5 is a workpiece platform, 6 is a supporting slide rail, 7 is a supporting slide block, 8 is a connecting block, 9 is a cushion block, 10 is an upright column driving mechanism, 11 is a guiding slide rail, 12 is a slide saddle, 13 is a slide pillow, 14 is a guide rail, 15 is a guide block, 16 is a lifting driving mechanism, 17 is a falling prevention protection mechanism, 18 is a falling prevention device, 19 is a guide rod, 20 is a gland, 21 is a flange, 22 is a coupling shaft, 23 is a fixed block, 24 is a stopper part, 25 is a limit space, 26 is a cushion block, 27 is a fixed plate, 28 is an insertion blind hole, 29 is a bending limit part, 30 is an annular body, 31 is a retaining plate, 32 is a conical cavity, 33 is an abdicating channel, 34 is a guide hole, 35 is a wedge-shaped clamping jaw, 36 is a spring, 37 is a piston shaft, 38 is a medium cavity, 39 is an inlet, 41 is a check valve, 42 is an assembly notch, 43 is an adjusting block, 44 is a left-right adjusting bolt, 45 is a horizontal adjusting bolt, 46 is an adjusting pad, 47 is a support, 48 is a positioning shaft, 49 is an assembly platform, 50 is an upper saddle, 51 is a lower saddle, 52 is a hollowed hole, 53 is a reinforcing edge, 54 is a reinforcing rib, 55 is a rib reinforcing section, 56 is an adjusting gasket, 57 is a tool magazine support, 58 is a chain tool magazine, 59 is a tool detection device, 60 is a detection support, 61 is a bearing plate, 62 is a servo motor, 63 is a driving wheel, 64 is a driven wheel, 65 is a linear guide rail, 66 is a clamping block, 67 is a bearing support, 68 is a spring plate, 69 is a proximity switch, 70 is a transmission belt, 71 is a spacer, 72 is a driven wheel adjusting plate, 73 is a deep groove ball bearing, 74 is an elastic retainer ring, 75 is a driven shaft, 76 is a lifting cylinder, 77 is a five-way valve, 78, a pressure reducing valve, 75, The pressure increasing valve 79, the pressure switch 80, the one-way valve 81, the ball valve 82, the silencer 83, the pressure vessels 84 and 85 are pressure gauges, and the pressure vessel 86 is a safety valve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are combined below to clearly and completely describe the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the described embodiments of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-19, a precision horizontal machining center comprises an X-axis base 1, a W-axis base 2, an upright column 3, a main shaft 4, a workpiece platform 5, an X-axis base, and a W-axis base, which are horizontally arranged; fixed two support slide rails 6 that are parallel to each other that are provided with of direction about X axle base, two support guide rail levels are placed, stand lower extreme fixed mounting has support slider 7, support slider card forms the horizontal slip on supporting the slide rail, be equipped with two support sliders on supporting the slide rail, four angle departments below the stand are fixed with the connecting block 8 of L type respectively, the connecting block is arranged down, above support slider, the connecting block below is equipped with cushion 9, thickness adjustment through the cushion, in order to guarantee that the stand is whole to be in the horizontality.

The X-axis base is provided with an upright post driving mechanism 10 for driving the upright post to slide left and right on the slide rail, the upright post driving mechanism is driven by a motor matched with a screw rod, namely, a driving block with driven threads is fixed below the upright post, the screw rod is in threaded fit with the driving block, the motor can rotate forward and backward through the transmission of the screw rod to drive the driving block and the upright post to reciprocate in the left and right guide strokes for supporting the slide rail.

The whole of stand is door type frame, make sufficient assembly space and lift space have in the stand, vertical direction fixedly connected with direction slide rail 11 on the door frame both sides of stand, be the assembly space in the stand, be provided with saddle 12 in the stand, be installation space in the saddle, slide and be equipped with the ram 13 of sliding action around sliding in the installation space, two guide rails 14 are all installed from top to bottom to the ram, four guide rails are the level and arrange, guide block 15 is installed to four angles whereabouts in the saddle, the guide block passes through the draw-in groove card on the guide rail, the guide block seesaw in the stroke of guide rail, thereby the ram can seesaw in the saddle, the drive of ram can adopt the cooperation of motor and lead screw to drive, also can adopt actuating mechanism commonly used such as electronic jar to order about.

The main shaft 4 is assembled in the ram and is assembled on the ram to drive the main shaft to rotate around the main shaft motor, the periphery of the saddle is assembled on the guide slide rail in a sliding manner, namely a slide block is assembled on the saddle and clamped on the guide slide rail, and the slide block can only move up and down on the guide slide rail; and a lifting driving mechanism 16 for driving the saddle to slide up and down along the guide rail is arranged above the upright post, the driving end of the lifting driving mechanism is connected with the saddle, and the lifting driving mechanism drives the saddle, a ram arranged in the saddle and a main shaft to move up and down.

Referring to fig. 5-10, in order to ensure that the saddle does not continuously fall down when the machine is stopped or the machine is out of order or the saddle moves to a designated position, a fall prevention protection mechanism 17 for preventing the saddle from falling is arranged between the upright post and the saddle, the fall prevention protection mechanism comprises a fall prevention device 18, a guide rod 19, a gland 20, a flange 21, a coupling shaft 22 and a fixing block 23, the fixing block is fixedly connected to the saddle, the lower end of the coupling shaft is provided with a blocking part 24, the fixing block is internally provided with a limiting space 25 for inserting the blocking part at the lower end of the coupling shaft, the blocking part is arranged in the limiting space from the side surface of the fixing block, after the blocking part is inserted in the limiting space, the limiting space limits the movement of the blocking part in the up-down direction, the fixing block is convenient to install, the lower end of the coupling shaft is not contacted with the saddle, so as to cause abrasion, the shape and the size in the limiting space are adaptive to a gear part at the lower end of the connecting shaft, and after the gear part is inserted into the limiting space, the limiting part can not move at least in the vertical direction; the fixing plate 27 is fixedly connected with the upper portion of the fixing block through screws, the fixing plate is provided with a U-shaped open slot, and a U-shaped slot opening of the fixing plate is opposite to a slot opening, into which the limiting portion is inserted, of the side face of the fixing block, so that the connecting shaft can be more firmly limited in a limiting space. In the demonstration of this application, spacing space is the type of falling T, and spacing portion is the type of T, and one side in spacing space is for supplying spacing portion male end of opening to in order to assemble.

The upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with the lower end of the guide rod, the upper end face of the connecting shaft is provided with an inserting blind hole 28 into which the lower end of the guide rod is inserted, the upper edge of the inserting blind hole is inwards formed into a bending limiting part 29, the bending limiting part is tightly clamped on the outer wall of the lower end of the guide rod, for the firmness of connection, the lower end of the guide rod can be provided with a blocking groove into which the bending limiting part is inserted, and a screw can also be inserted from the external horizontal direction so as to lock the upper end of the connecting shaft and the lower end of the guide rod.

The connecting shaft and the guide rod are coaxial, the consistency of force up-and-down transmission is ensured, the guide rod is arranged in the vertical direction, the flange 21 is fixedly assembled at the top of the upright column through screws, the anti-falling device 18 is fixedly arranged in the flange, the flange is connected with the gland 20, the anti-falling device is integrally arranged in the flange, the edge of the upper opening of the flange is provided with a gear step, the edge of the upper end of the anti-falling device is provided with a corresponding step so as to install the anti-falling device in the flange in a suspension manner, the anti-falling device is pressed through the inner ring of the lower surface of the gland 21, and the outer ring of the gland is fixedly connected with the flange so as to fixedly; the upper end of the guide rod passes through the anti-falling device and is positioned above the gland, the anti-falling device comprises an annular body 30, a retaining plate 31 is fixedly arranged above the annular body by a screw, the upper part in the annular body is a conical cavity 32, the lower part in the annular body is an abdicating channel 33 for the guide rod to pass through, a guide hole 34 of the abdicating guide rod is arranged on the retaining plate, the center of the guide hole and the center of the abdicating channel are positioned on the axis of the guide rod, the outer wall of the guide rod, the inner wall of the guide hole and the inner wall of the abdicating channel only reserve a movable gap, the gap is not easy to be too large, so that external impurities are prevented from entering the anti-falling device from the gap, two or more wedge-shaped clamping jaws 35 are arranged in the conical cavity, the wedge-shaped clamping jaws are uniformly distributed around the guide rod, a spring 36 is arranged between the upper end of each wedge-shaped clamping jaw and the corresponding holding plate, and the spring is compressed by the upper end of each clamping jaw and the lower end face of the corresponding holding plate; a piston shaft 37 is arranged below each wedge-shaped clamping jaw, a medium cavity 38 is arranged below the piston shaft, the piston end of the piston shaft is positioned in the medium cavity, and the shaft end of the piston shaft extends upwards to the lower end of the wedge-shaped clamping jaw to be fixedly connected with the wedge-shaped clamping jaw; and after the medium pressure in the medium cavity is removed, the spring pushes the wedge-shaped clamping jaw to move downwards, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamping jaw is contacted with the outer wall of the guide rod to form clamping force. In specific implementation, in order to ensure the synchronism of the wedge-shaped clamping jaws, the medium cavity is an annular cavity and is provided with only one medium inlet and outlet 39 which is communicated with a three-position two-way valve 40 and a one-way valve 41, so that the stability and invariability of the pressure entering the medium cavity are ensured, the medium entering the medium cavity jacks up the piston shaft or withdraws the pressure on the piston shaft at the same time, the synchronism of actions among the wedge-shaped clamping jaws is ensured, and the timeliness and effectiveness of the anti-falling device for holding or releasing the guide rod are also ensured. If a common brake function structure of a servo motor is adopted to replace the anti-falling protection mechanism, firstly, the specifications of the motor and the lead screw must meet the weight of a protection unit (a saddle and a ram unit), and the cost is increased in design; secondly, if a motor band-type brake is used, a motor shaft is firstly locked, a screw rod is then locked through a coupler, and then the saddle ram unit is fixed, so that the problem that potential safety hazards are prone to occurring and the precision of the screw rod is reduced due to the fact that the stress mode is overlong. The anti-falling protection mechanism reduces the stress link, directly performs anti-falling protection on the protection unit, and is simple, convenient and efficient.

Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the workpiece platform is used for assembling a workpiece to be machined, and the workpiece platform 5 is assembled above the W-axis base and is positioned on one side of the spindle; the lower part of the workpiece platform and the W-axis base are assembled in a sliding rail mode, the workpiece platform can move as required, and in the using process, after the workpiece platform moves in place, a common sliding rail locking structure is adopted for locking. The X-axis base and the W-axis base are arranged in a split mode, inconvenience in the transportation process can be reduced, and in the later assembling process, in order to guarantee assembling accuracy between the X-axis base and the W-axis base, namely, a connection adjusting mechanism for adjusting parallelism and alignment degree between the X-axis base and the W-axis base is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled. The method specifically comprises the following steps: be provided with assembly notch 42 respectively in the both sides of X axle base, connection guiding mechanism has been arranged respectively in every assembly notch, connection guiding mechanism includes adjusting block 43, and with adjusting block screw-thread fit's control adjusting bolt 44, horizontal adjusting bolt 45, the adjusting block is arranged in the assembly notch, and lock the adjusting block in W axle base tip through locking screw, control adjusting bolt horizontal direction and pass the adjusting block, control adjusting bolt's front end top one side inner wall at the assembly notch, the adjusting block is passed to the vertical direction of horizontal adjusting bolt, horizontal adjusting bolt's nut end top is at the intraoral roof of assembly notch. When assembling, firstly adjusting the horizontal precision of the X-axis base; the horizontal adjusting bolt is pre-installed in the adjusting block; then butting the W-axis base with the X-axis base; installing the adjusting block into the W-axis base and fixing the adjusting block by using a locking screw; the left and right adjusting bolts are arranged in the adjusting blocks; the horizontal direction of the W-axis base and the X-axis base is adjusted by adjusting the horizontal adjusting bolt, so that the precision required by the design is achieved; the left and right directions of the W-axis base and the X-axis base are adjusted by adjusting the left and right adjusting bolts, so that the precision required by the design is achieved; then according to the allowance between the adjusted adjusting block and the lathe bed, the adjusting pads 46 are ground (one in the horizontal direction, one in the left and right directions and one in the left side) and inserted into the adjusting pads and fixed by screws; when the machine tool is transported, the X-axis base and the W-axis base need to be dismantled, the machine tool can be directly recovered by the adjusting pad without adjusting according to the steps when splicing again; if the precision is unqualified due to reasons other than the machine tool, the precision requirement can be met by re-grinding the adjusting pad or replacing the adjusting pad. The adjusting mechanism can simultaneously realize the adjustment of the two machine beds in the horizontal and left-right directions, and the function of recovering the precision after disassembling the machine is realized by matching and grinding the adjusting gasket. The design structure is compact, on-site hole matching is not needed, and the structural space and the assembling time of on-site assembling personnel are saved.

Referring to fig. 4, most of machine tool factories use drill bits and steel rulers to measure axial original points at present, and some factories use a mode of measuring positioning holes to position coordinate original points, so that the measurement is inaccurate, and the consistency cannot be ensured by finding the original points again. For this reason, this application is in one side of main shaft on X axle base and has assembled X axle centering device, it includes support 47, location axle 48, the support includes the bottom support of through screwed connection spare fixed connection in X axle base one side, the bottom support is arranged for the horizontal direction, and the fixed outer oblique support that sets up the outside slope on the bottom support, the upper end of outer oblique support has horizontally assembly platform 49, the vertical assembly of location axle is on assembly platform, the side of location axle is machining center's location coordinate test point. During testing, the workpiece probe is arranged in the main shaft, and the side surfaces in the X direction of the position axis are respectively measured, so that the origin of coordinates can be obtained.

Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the saddle comprises an upper saddle 50 and a lower saddle 51 which are separately arranged, the upper saddle and the lower saddle are positioned and connected into a whole through a pin and a bolt (the upper saddle is provided with a positioning pin, the lower saddle is provided with a corresponding positioning hole for inserting the positioning pin to form positioning, and the upper saddle and the lower saddle are fixedly connected into a whole through the bolt), open square spaces are respectively formed at the lower part in the upper saddle and the upper part in the upper saddle, after the upper saddle and the lower saddle are installed together, the square spaces between the upper saddle and the lower saddle form the installation space for installing the ram and the sliding piece, and the structure is favorable for casting and processing of a saddle casting, in particular processing a linear guide rail sliding block installation surface for movement in the installation space; hollow holes 52 are distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle respectively to reduce the weight of the saddle; the reinforcing ribs 53 integrally cast in the saddle are distributed on two sides and the top wall in the saddle, and the reinforcing ribs are staggered to ensure the overall strength of the saddle after the weight is reduced.

Referring to fig. 15, the ram is an integral casting to ensure the integrity of the ram, a space for installing the main shaft is provided in the ram, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 54 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the ram on the inner cavity wall of the ram, the reinforcing ribs surround the inner periphery of the ram, raised rib part reinforcing sections 55 are arranged at the lower corners between adjacent reinforcing ribs, and the height of the rib part reinforcing sections does not exceed the height of the reinforcing ribs, so that the strength of the ram is ensured and the weight of the ram is reduced. The ram part is of an integral casting structure, and under the condition that the rigidity of normal use of the equipment is met, reinforcing ribs are reasonably arranged in the cavity, so that the aims of reducing weight of the casting and saving cost are fulfilled. The stroke of the ram is 800mm, and in order to reduce the micro-deformation of the ram caused by the action of gravity, the lower side of the ram is provided with two guide rails (six sliders), the upper side of the ram is provided with two guide rails (two sliders), and eight sliders are respectively provided with an adjusting gasket 56. The thickness of six lower gaskets (two in one group, three in total) has slight deviation. The thickness of the two gaskets on the upper side is matched and ground according to actual conditions, so that no gap is ensured.

Referring to fig. 16-18, a tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base, the tool magazine system comprises a tool magazine support 57, the lower end of the tool magazine support is fixed on the W-axis base, a chain tool magazine 58 is arranged above the tool magazine support, the chain tool magazine is provided with a plurality of tools, the tools are circularly transferred, and the specific structure of the tool magazine system can be realized by adopting the existing tool magazine technology; when the machining center is used, the cutter can be damaged and broken, and particularly, once the cutter is drilled and tapped, the workpiece can be damaged after the cutter is continuously used once the cutter is broken and damaged. At present, the tool damage detection mode is mainly a detection device special for manual detection and purchase, the manual detection mode is long in time, the working efficiency is influenced, and extra workload is increased. The upper end of the tool magazine bracket of the application is provided with a tool detection device 59 for detecting tools in the chain tool magazine so as to solve the above problems, and the tool detection device comprises a detection bracket 60, a bearing plate 61, a servo motor 62, a driving wheel 63, a driven wheel 64, a linear guide rail 65, a clamping block 66, a bearing bracket 67, a spring leaf 68 and a proximity switch 69; the detection support is horizontally assembled above the tool magazine support, the bearing plate is fixedly assembled on one side of the detection support, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are respectively assembled on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft, the servo motor is assembled on the other side of the bearing plate, an output shaft of the servo motor is in transmission connection with the driving wheel, the driving wheel is in transmission connection with the driven wheel through a transmission belt 70, the linear guide rail is fixedly assembled on one side of the bearing plate, the arrangement direction of the linear guide rail is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt, the bearing support is assembled on the linear guide rail in a sliding manner, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, the other end of the clamping block is fixedly connected with the bearing support, the proximity switch is assembled on the bearing support, one end of the spring piece is assembled on the bearing support through a spacer 71(, and is located on the trigger end side of the proximity switch. In the installation process, the detection support is installed on the tool magazine support; then fixing the bearing plate on the detection bracket; the servo motor is arranged on the bearing plate, and the driving wheel is inserted into the motor shaft and is fastened and locked; a driven wheel adjusting plate 72 is installed (a waist-shaped hole is formed in the adjusting plate, a screw is inserted into the waist-shaped hole for locking, so that the installation position of the adjusting plate is adjusted), the distance between the driven wheel and the driving wheel is adjusted, so that the driving belt has certain tension, and the driven shaft is installed on the adjusting plate; the deep groove ball bearing 73 is arranged in the driven wheel and is clamped by an elastic retainer ring 74; then the driven wheel is arranged in the driven shaft 75 and is fixed by a flat washer and an M6 screw; installing a linear rail, and installing a detection bracket on a linear rail sliding block; the secondary transmission belt is arranged on the driving wheel and the driven wheel and is fixed on the detection bracket by the clamping block; mounting the spacer bush and the spring piece on the detection bracket; and finally, mounting the proximity switch on the detection bracket. The action process is as follows: the servo motor drives the detection support to move towards the cutter, the detection support deforms through the compression spring piece, the proximity switch receives signals and feeds the signals back to the control unit, and the information is compared with original cutter length data to judge whether the cutter is damaged or not.

The lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder 76 assembled above the stand column, and a motor and a rolling screw driving mechanism matched with the lifting cylinder to drive the saddle to move up and down in the lump, wherein the motor and the rolling screw adopt common structures, such as: the motor is arranged above the upright post, the sliding saddle is provided with a driving block which is in threaded transmission with the rolling screw rod, the rolling screw rod is driven to rotate by the motor, and the specific details are not described in more detail; wherein, the driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the column to be connected with the saddle, and a pneumatic balance system for providing balance air pressure for the lifting cylinder, as shown in fig. 19, the pneumatic balance system comprises a two-position five-way valve 77, a pressure reducing valve 78, a pressure increasing valve 79, a pressure switch 80, a one-way valve 81, a ball valve 82, a silencer 83 and a pressure container 84; the pressure container is transversely arranged above the upright post through a pressure container bracket, an exhaust pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, an air return pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and a pressure pipe for injecting pressure gas into the pressure container; the pressure vessel is also connected with a pressure gauge 85 and a safety valve 86. The function of each component is as follows: the cylinder balances the gas supply through the pressure container to keep balance; a safety valve: when the pressure of the pressure container exceeds 10Bar, the safety valve is opened to release gas, so that the protection effect is achieved; the booster cylinder acts: when the pressure of the pressure container is insufficient, a pressurization function is provided; the pressure switch acts as follows: when the pipeline pressure exceeds a certain value, the pressure cylinder stops working; the pressure reducing valve acts: adjusting the pressure of the gas path; the ball valve functions as follows: releasing the gas in the pressure container during maintenance; the function of the one-way valve is as follows: the non-return function is realized; the two-position five-way valve acts: the on-off function of the pipeline. If only the rolling screw is adopted for driving, the load of the screw and a motor can be increased, the service life is reduced, and the precision of the machine tool can be influenced; the oil cylinder, the balance valve and the rolling screw structure are adopted, and the unstable phenomenon can be caused due to the wide range of the system pressure range. The design structure mainly comprises a motion balance cylinder and a gas pressure container, and a rolling screw rod is combined to balance the up-and-down motion of a saddle, so that the gas volume is small, the pressure change range is small, and the motion tends to a balance state more easily; meanwhile, the load of the lead screw and the motor is reduced, the service life is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

Claims (7)

1. A precise horizontal machining center comprises an X-axis base, a W-axis base, an upright post, a main shaft and a workpiece platform, and is characterized in that a supporting slide rail is fixedly arranged in the left-right direction of the X-axis base, the lower end of the upright post is assembled on the supporting slide rail in a sliding manner, an upright post driving mechanism for driving the upright post to slide left and right on the slide rail is arranged on the X-axis base, the upright post is a door-shaped frame, a guide slide rail is fixedly arranged in the vertical direction of the upright post, a saddle is arranged in the upright post, an installation space is arranged in the saddle, a ram capable of sliding back and forth is assembled in the installation space in a sliding manner, the main shaft is assembled in the ram, and a main shaft motor which is,

the periphery of the saddle is assembled on the guide slide rail in a sliding way, a lifting driving mechanism for driving the saddle to slide along the guide rail in the vertical direction is arranged above the upright post, a falling-preventing protection mechanism for preventing the saddle from falling is arranged between the upright post and the saddle,

the workpiece platform is assembled above the W-axis base and is positioned on one side of the main shaft;

a connection adjusting mechanism for adjusting the parallelism and the alignment degree between the X-axis base and the W-axis base when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base.

2. The precise horizontal machining center of claim 1, wherein the X-axis base is provided with an X-axis centering device at one side of the main shaft, the X-axis centering device comprises a support and a positioning shaft, the support comprises a bottom support fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis base through a connecting piece, the bottom support is arranged in a horizontal direction, and an outer inclined support fixedly arranged on the bottom support and inclined towards the outside, the upper end of the outer inclined support is provided with a horizontal assembling platform, the positioning shaft is vertically assembled on the assembling platform, and the side surface of the positioning shaft is a positioning coordinate test point of the machining center.

3. The precision horizontal machining center of claim 1, wherein the saddle comprises an upper saddle and a lower saddle, the upper saddle and the lower saddle are integrally positioned and connected through a pin and a bolt, and the mounting space is formed in the upper saddle and below the upper saddle; hollow holes are uniformly distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle; the ram is an integral casting, and reinforcing ribs are arranged on the wall of an inner cavity of the ram.

4. The precise horizontal machining center according to claim 1, wherein assembly notches are respectively formed in two sides of the X-axis base, a connection adjusting mechanism is respectively arranged in each assembly notch, the connection adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting block, a left adjusting bolt, a right adjusting bolt and a horizontal adjusting bolt, the left adjusting bolt, the right adjusting bolt and the horizontal adjusting bolt are in threaded fit with the adjusting block, the adjusting block is arranged in the assembly notches and locked at the end part of the W-axis base through locking screws, the left adjusting bolt and the right adjusting bolt horizontally penetrate through the adjusting block, the front ends of the left adjusting bolt and the right adjusting bolt abut against the inner wall of one side of each assembly notch, the horizontal adjusting bolt vertically penetrates through the adjusting block, and the nut end of the horizontal adjusting bolt abuts against the top wall in each assembly.

5. The precise horizontal machining center according to claim 1, wherein a tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base and comprises a tool magazine support, the lower end of the tool magazine support is fixed on the W-axis base, a chain-type tool magazine is arranged above the tool magazine support, a tool detection device for detecting tools in the chain-type tool magazine is arranged at the upper end of the tool magazine support, and the tool detection device comprises a detection support, a bearing plate, a servo motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a linear guide rail, a clamping block, a bearing support, a spring plate and a proximity switch;

the detection support is horizontally assembled above the tool magazine support, the bearing plate is fixedly assembled on one side of the detection support, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are assembled on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft respectively, the servo motor is assembled on the other side of the bearing plate, an output shaft of the servo motor is in transmission connection with the driving wheel, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are in transmission connection through a transmission belt, the linear guide rail is fixedly assembled on one side of the bearing plate, the arrangement direction of the linear guide rail is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt, the bearing support is assembled on the linear guide rail in a sliding mode, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, the other end of the clamping block is fixedly connected with the bearing support, the proximity switch is assembled on the bearing support, one end of the spring piece is assembled on.

6. The precision horizontal machining center of claim 1, wherein the anti-falling protection mechanism comprises an anti-falling device, a guide rod, a gland, a flange, a coupling shaft and a fixed block,

the fixed block is fixedly connected on the sliding saddle, the lower end of the connecting shaft is a gear part, a limit space for inserting the gear part at the lower end of the connecting shaft is arranged in the fixed block, the gear part is arranged in the limit space from the side surface of the fixed block, after the gear part is inserted into the limit space, the limit space limits the action of the gear part in the vertical direction, the upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with the lower end of the guide rod, the connecting shaft and the guide rod are coaxial, the guide rod is arranged in the vertical direction, the flange is fixedly assembled at the top of the upright post, the anti-falling device is fixedly arranged in the flange, the flange is connected with a gland, the upper end of the guide rod passes through,

the anti-falling device comprises a ring body, a retaining plate is fixedly arranged above the ring body, the upper part in the ring body is a conical cavity, a yielding channel for the guide rod to pass through is arranged at the lower part in the ring body, a guide hole for the yielding guide rod is formed in the retaining plate, a wedge-shaped clamping jaw is arranged in the conical cavity, a spring is arranged between the upper end of the wedge-shaped clamping jaw and the retaining plate, a piston shaft is arranged below the wedge-shaped clamping jaw, a medium cavity is arranged below the piston shaft, a medium is introduced into the medium cavity to jack up the piston shaft upwards and drive the wedge-shaped clamping jaw to compress the spring to move upwards, the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamping jaw is separated from the outer wall of the guide rod, after the medium pressure in the medium cavity is removed, the.

7. The precision horizontal machining center of claim 1, wherein the lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting cylinder assembled on the upright column, a driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the upright column to be connected with the sliding saddle, and a pneumatic balance system for providing balanced air pressure for the lifting cylinder, wherein the pneumatic balance system comprises a two-position five-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure increasing valve, a pressure switch, a one-way valve, a ball valve, a silencer and a pressure container;

the pressure container is transversely arranged above the upright post through a pressure container bracket, an exhaust pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, an air return pipe of the pressure container is communicated with the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and a pressure pipe for injecting pressure gas into the pressure container; the pressure container is also connected with a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

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