CN210820158U - Preparation assembly line for dry-method sintering permeable ceramic bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a preparation assembly line for dry sintering permeable ceramic bricks, which comprises a forming unit, a drying kiln, a firing unit and a sorting and packaging unit, wherein the green bricks prepared by the forming unit are transmitted by a roller transmission device, sequentially pass through the drying kiln and the firing unit, and are packaged and put in storage by the sorting and packaging unit; the firing unit comprises a firing kiln, and a green returning area, a quenching area and a cooling area which are arranged in a subsequent cascade mode. The utility model overcomes the defect that the traditional tunnel kiln mode can not realize continuous production, only 6-8 hours are needed from the completion of green bricks to the simultaneous discharge of finished products, and the production period is greatly saved for dozens of hours compared with the traditional tunnel kiln; meanwhile, each green brick in the production line is subjected to uniform procedures of baking, firing, quenching and the like, the reaction conditions of the green bricks are kept consistent, the problems of inconsistent color difference, inconsistent quality and the like of a batch of finished products caused by uneven reduction flame and heated reaction due to large area of a kiln body in tunnel kiln baking are avoided, and the product quality is ensured.

Description

Preparation assembly line for dry-method sintering permeable ceramic bricks

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the building material field relates to a preparation assembly line of sintering pottery brick that permeates water.

Background

The urban water permeable brick is widely accepted as one of main materials for sponge urban construction, the traditional water permeable brick has the functions of water permeability, water retention, decoration and the like, the porosity is as high as 30 percent, the traditional water permeable brick has a higher micropore water permeability effect, and the annual rainwater retention of a road surface is as high as 45 percent. In rain climates, rain water can quickly enter the ground through permeable bricks to replenish increasingly scarce groundwater capital. In a sunny climate, the moisture accumulated in the bricks balances the surface temperature through transpiration. Compared with other pavements, the permeable brick pavement has higher temperature and relative humidity in winter, has the function of reducing greenhouse effect, and then has higher environmental protection function.

The ceramic water permeable brick is a high-quality water permeable building material formed by screening and selecting ceramic raw materials, reasonably organizing grain composition, adding a bonding agent, molding, drying and sintering at high temperature. At present, the water permeable ceramic bricks for cities need to resist pressure, skid, cold and weather besides good water permeability, and have requirements on the color of the bricks according to the design of the cities. The Chinese patent with the application number of 201610126755.5, namely 'an ecological water permeable ceramic tile and a production method thereof', introduces an ecological water permeable ceramic tile and a production method thereof, and the ecological water permeable ceramic tile is prepared by adding a proper amount of red or cyan pigment into a mixed material, placing the mixture into a kiln after compression molding, drying the mixture for 1 to 2 hours at the temperature of 100 to 120 ℃, then calcining the mixture for 3 to 5 hours at the high temperature of 1180 to 1200 ℃, and taking the mixture out after the temperature of the kiln is reduced to the room temperature. The technology has the problems that the color of the permeable brick needs to be regulated and controlled by adding chemical pigments into a blank, the process is complex, the cost is high, the environment is not protected, and the performance of the brick can be influenced by adding the pigments. In addition, in the tunnel kiln preparation mode, the kiln body is large in size, products are stacked on a kiln car, internal baking flame is easy to generate to be uneven, chemical reactions of the green bricks at different kiln body positions are inconsistent, and the color and quality of the products are finally affected.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a dry process continuous preparation system of pottery brick that permeates water of sintering, process such as stoving, burning, turn blue or green are accomplished on same assembly line, have improved production efficiency, have ensured the uniformity of product, have conveniently realized the preparation of cyan and red different products simultaneously on an assembly line, have extensive adaptability.

The technical scheme of the utility model as follows:

a preparation assembly line for dry-method sintering of water-permeable ceramic bricks comprises a dry-method powder-making forming unit, a drying kiln, a firing unit and a sorting and packaging unit, wherein green bricks prepared by the dry-method powder-making forming unit are transmitted by a roller transmission device, sequentially pass through the drying kiln and the firing unit, and are packaged and put in storage by the sorting and packaging unit;

the burning unit comprises a burning kiln, a green returning area, a quenching area and a cooling area which are arranged in a subsequent cascade mode, wherein an upper row of burning guns and a lower row of burning guns are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the movable green brick respectively at intervals in the burning kiln and the green returning area, each burning gun comprises a combustion-supporting port and a gas port which are controlled by an electromagnetic valve and are provided with independent valves, and the input proportion of combustion-supporting air and natural gas is changed according to different color products;

a water tank is arranged in the quenching zone, a circle of the periphery of the quenching zone is provided with an external quenching pipeline which is completely communicated with the quenching pipeline in the quenching zone, and the internal quenching pipeline is uniformly provided with a plurality of exhaust holes on the pipe wall facing to the direction of the green bricks; a quenching fan is arranged outside the quenching area and is communicated with an external quenching pipeline through an air pipe valve; the lower part of the water tank is communicated with a cold water pipeline, the upper part of the water tank is communicated with an externally arranged diffusion pipeline through a steam pipeline, and the steam pipeline is communicated with an external quenching pipeline through a water pipe valve.

In the preparation assembly line for the dry sintering water-permeable ceramic bricks, the upper part of the firing unit is provided with a plurality of heat extraction fans, the outlets of the heat extraction fans are communicated to the heat extraction pipelines at the upper part and the lower part of the drying kiln through pipelines, the outlets of the heat extraction pipelines are branched into a plurality of air blowing openings, and the upper ends of the air blowing openings are provided with gate valves.

In the preparation assembly line for the dry-method sintered permeable ceramic bricks, the upper part of the drying kiln is provided with a smoke exhaust fan controlled by frequency conversion.

In the preparation production line for the dry-method sintered water-permeable ceramic bricks, the air blowing openings are of long strip-shaped structures and are arranged right opposite to the positions of the green bricks.

In the preparation production line for the dry-method sintered permeable ceramic bricks, the firing kiln forms a plurality of temperature control sections through the fire-blocking wall arranged at the lower part and the movable baffle plate arranged at the upper part.

In the preparation production line for the dry-method sintered permeable ceramic bricks, the upper part of the kiln wall of the firing kiln corresponding to the fire-blocking wall is provided with the support frame, and the movable baffle is fixed on the support frame in a height adjusting mode.

In the production line for sintering the water-permeable ceramic bricks by the dry method, the roller transmission device comprises a plurality of groups of synchronous transmission units arranged on the kiln body, and each group of synchronous transmission units comprises a speed reduction motor, a chain transmission device, a driving rotating shaft and a plurality of rollers arranged side by side;

the driven end of each roller rod is supported on the outer ring of a supporting bearing arranged on the bearing row seat; the driving end of the roller rod is provided with a bayonet and is fixedly connected to a roller rod seat through a snap spring, and the roller rod seat and the driven staggered transmission wheel are coaxially arranged;

a plurality of driving staggered transmission wheels and a large chain wheel are arranged on the driving rotating shaft at intervals, the gear motor drives the small chain wheel, the large chain wheel is driven by the chain to drive the driving staggered transmission wheels and the driven staggered transmission wheels to rotate, and then the plurality of roller rods are driven to synchronously rotate.

In the production line for sintering the water-permeable ceramic bricks by the dry method, the driving staggered transmission wheels are helical gears, bevel gears or worm gears; the driven staggered transmission wheel is a helical gear, a bevel gear or a worm.

The utility model discloses the beneficial technological effect who has as follows:

1. the utility model realizes the flow line production of the permeable bricks, overcomes the defect that the traditional permeable bricks can not be continuously produced by adopting a tunnel kiln mode, only needs 6-8 hours from the completion of green bricks to the simultaneous discharge of finished products from the kiln, and greatly saves the production period for dozens of hours compared with the traditional tunnel kiln; meanwhile, each green brick in the production line is subjected to uniform procedures of baking, firing, quenching and the like, the reaction conditions of the green bricks are kept consistent, the problems of inconsistent color difference, inconsistent quality and the like of a batch of finished products caused by uneven reduction flame and heated reaction due to large area of a kiln body in the tunnel kiln baking reduction are avoided, and the product quality is ensured.

2. The utility model discloses a production line advantage lies in that the production of blue brick and red brick is accomplished in same production line, and adjusts through technology, can fire red, the grey colour, the coffee colour, the product of various natural colours such as yellow, and whole process does not have the interpolation of industrial chemicals and colouring material, and uses the natural gas as the fuel for the natural just production process environmental protection of product color and luster. In the preparation of the water permeable bricks, the production control of the water permeable bricks with different colors is realized on one production line by adopting different reduction atmosphere control and quenching color locking schemes in a green turning area and a quenching area. Through the research on the combustion mechanism of natural gas, carbon monoxide is generated under the condition of insufficient combustion of fuel gas, reduction reactions of different degrees are carried out on iron oxide compounds in green bricks, so that the color and luster of products are changed, two sets of quenching cooling systems of water cooling and air cooling are arranged in a quenching area, and through reasonable pipeline design and valve control, the requirements of different quenching speeds of the grey bricks in an anaerobic environment and the red bricks in an aerobic environment are met by one set of system.

3. The utility model discloses a drying kiln adopts waste heat recovery and automatic control principle, has realized that the adobe is from 8% water content to 1.5% stoving. During use, the waste heat of the cooling section and the firing kiln is transmitted to different areas of the drying kiln through the fan and the pipeline, the flow of the pipeline is controlled by the gate valve arranged on the pipe orifice of each heat pumping pipeline, and the requirement of a drying temperature curve of the drying kiln of dozens of meters is met by combining the variable frequency regulation effect of the smoke exhaust fan, so that the moisture of materials reaches the firing design requirement, the product quality is ensured, and the purposes of energy conservation, environmental protection and cost reduction are achieved.

4. The utility model discloses burning kiln adopts burning gun array heating to realize the vitrification reaction of adobe on the production line, through the size of solenoid valve automatic control natural gas and combustion-supporting wind, has realized the even heating of the inside adobe of whole kiln district, has ensured the uniformity of product on the assembly line; meanwhile, a plurality of local temperature control areas formed by the movable baffle plates and the fire-blocking walls are added in the sintering section, the temperature of the temperature control areas is adjusted by adjusting the heights of the movable baffle plates, and the air volume adjustment of the air extractor is combined, so that the temperature of the whole sintering kiln conforms to the sintering curve of the sintering kiln along with the length variation, and the product quality is finally ensured.

5. The utility model discloses an one end of transmission roller stick is passed through the jump ring and is fixed on roller stick seat, and the other end supports on the outer lane of bearing, and the effect through the dimensional tolerance matching of roller stick seat internal diameter and roller stick external diameter and jump ring has realized reliable transmission and higher position precision, is convenient for take out the roller stick from the one end of roller stick during the maintenance simultaneously and examines the maintenance and install the location again.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the dry process production line of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the drying kiln of the present invention along the conveying direction;

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the drying kiln perpendicular to the conveying direction;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the working principle of the upper gate valve of the heat pumping pipeline of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the gate valve of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the firing kiln/striking-back zone of the present invention along the conveying direction;

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the firing kiln/striking zone perpendicular to the conveying direction of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the working principle of the movable baffle of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the burning gun of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of the quench zone of the present invention taken along the direction of conveyance;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the quench zone of the present invention taken perpendicular to the direction of transport;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the cooling zone structure of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the green brick driving device of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the direction A in FIG. 13;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of the direction B in fig. 13.

The reference signs are: 1-raw material; 2-milling; 3-staling; 4-pressing and forming; 5-dry powder-making molding unit; 6-linkage transport line; 7-smoke exhaust fan; 8-combustion-supporting fan; 9-a heat extraction fan; 10-a roller bar transmission device; 11-a quench fan; 13-a gas pipeline; 14-natural gas; 20-drying kiln; 21-heat extraction pipeline; 22-an air blowing port; 23-a gate valve; 24-kiln walls; 25-graduation; 26-a shutter; 30-a firing kiln; 31-a gas pipeline; 32-combustion-supporting air pipes; 33-burning a gun; 34-a firestop wall; 35-a movable baffle; 36-straight holes; 37-a support frame; 38-strut; 39-a locking lever; 40-a green returning area; 41-combustion supporting port; 42-gas port; 43-fire outlet port; 44-control line; 45-electromagnetic valve; 50-a quench zone; 51-a water tank; 52-cold water pipe; 53-internal quench line; 54-air pipe valve; 55-water pipe valve; 56-a diffusing pipeline; 57-a steam line; 58-external quench line; 59-vent hole; 60-cooling area; 61-cold water discharge pipes; 62-a cold water tank; 70-a packing area; 80-a firing unit; 101-furnace body area; 102-a reduction motor; 103-small chain wheel; 104-a chain; 105-a large sprocket; 106-active staggered driving wheels; 107-active rotating shaft; 108-a support; 109-bearing row seats; 110-green bricks; 111-driven staggered transmission wheels; 112-driven rotating shaft; 113-a bearing seat; 114-roller bar seat; 115-roll bar; 116-a support bearing; 117-clamp spring; 118-bayonet; 119-a limit bearing; 120-inner ring; 121-outer circle.

Detailed Description

The utility model relates to a build a shale sintering nature pottery brick that permeates water of sponge city a large amount of uses, in order to overcome the not enough of the even, production cycle length of the quality of existing in traditional tunnel cave production technology, the utility model discloses the first set of brick production water line that permeates water has been researched and developed domestically, has adapted to the off-the-shelf requirement of different colours. In the whole production line design, different firing temperature curves need to be designed according to the requirements of raw materials and products, so that the vitrification reaction can be realized only by reasonably distributing the temperature value of each section and the kiln atmosphere by combining the moving speed and the path of a green brick, and the product quality is ensured. In addition, in the color control, the traditional firing method can not realize that cyan brick and red brick are accomplished in the same production line, basically all rely on adding the chemical industry colouring material to realize the product of different colours, and the utility model discloses need realize the reduction and the lock color reaction of cyan brick and red brick in a production line, so brought great technical difficulty.

The utility model discloses a dry process powder process technology chooses for use high quality shale material, forms the product through crushing the granule that forms about 8% water content through hydroforming, stoving, firing back. For the production of the grey brick, adjusting a burning gun into reducing flame in a green returning area, enabling a product to pass through a burning kiln, then forming the grey brick through the reducing flame in the green returning area, then entering a quenching area, locking the color by adopting steam water cooling, and then taking the grey brick out of the kiln through a cooling area; if the product is produced in colors except for the grayish blue such as red, coffee, yellow and the like, the burning gun is adjusted to be oxidized and burnt into high-temperature region parameters in the green turning region, the product directly enters a quenching region after passing through the burning kiln and the high-temperature region, and the quenching region is rapidly cooled by cold air to reduce the temperature and lock the color.

As shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses a preparation assembly line of ceramic brick permeates water of dry sintering, including dry process powder process shaping unit 5, drying kiln 20, fire unit 80 and letter sorting packing unit 70. The raw material 1 is made into a green brick 110 through powder making 2, staleness 3 and press forming 4.

The raw materials comprise shale, yellow dry soil, sandy soil and iron-containing materials, water is added after the shale, the yellow dry soil, the sandy soil and the iron-containing materials are premixed, the materials are subjected to multistage circulating crushing and screening, granules with the diameter of 0.05-0.3mm are formed through granulation and then enter an aging kettle to be aged for more than 48 hours, the water content of the material granules is about 8 percent, then the materials are pressed into green bricks 110 by pressing equipment, and the green bricks are conveyed to a drying kiln through an intermodal line. Under the transmission of the roller transmission device 10, the adobes 110 pass through the drying kiln 20 and the firing unit 80 in sequence to be made into ceramic bricks, and then are packed and put in storage by the sorting and packing unit 70. In order to make full use of the field, the linking lines 6 are provided in front of and behind the drying kiln 20 in order to perform direction change of the production line. Wherein the intermodal line is the well-known technique of roller stick transmission production line, the utility model discloses no longer describe.

The firing unit 80 comprises a firing kiln 30 and a green-turning zone 40, a quenching zone 50 and a cooling zone 60 which are arranged in a subsequent cascade manner, wherein the green-turning zone 40, the quenching zone 50 and the cooling zone 60 are all in a kiln body structure with side surfaces sealed, and the firing kiln is a key link for realizing raw material vitrification. The traditional permeable brick adopts a tunnel kiln preparation mode, because the kiln body is large in volume, the internal baking flame is easy to generate uneven, and the color and the quality of the product are finally influenced, the utility model adopts a production line type production mode, only 6-8 hours are needed from the time when the green brick enters the kiln to the time when the finished product is discharged from the kiln, and the production period is greatly saved; meanwhile, each green brick in the production line adopts the procedures of uniform baking, firing, quenching and the like, the reaction conditions of the green bricks are kept consistent, and the product quality is ensured.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the purpose of the kiln 20 is to dry the green bricks from 8% to 1.5% to meet the requirement of firing. The roller drive 10 drives the green brick 110 through the middle of the kiln 20. The utility model discloses a drying kiln 20 adopts production line waste heat recovery and temperature automatic control principle, is provided with heat pumping pipeline 21 on drying kiln 20's upper portion and lower part to the branching becomes a plurality of and blows the length direction of mouthful 22 evenly distributed at drying kiln 20, and every mouth of pipe is rectangular shape structure, just to the position setting of adobe.

The heat extraction pipeline 21 is communicated with the cooling zone 60 and the heat extraction fan 9 respectively arranged above the sintering kiln 30, and the waste heat is used for drying the green bricks. In addition, a variable frequency controlled smoke exhaust fan 7 is arranged at the top of the drying kiln 20 to exhaust damp air and smoke.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, a gate valve 23 is disposed at the upper end of the air blowing port 22, the gate valve 23 includes a gate 26 disposed on the cross section of the heat pumping pipe 21, the gate 26 is provided with a scale 25, and the flow rate of the heat pumping pipe 21 is adjusted by opening and closing the gate 26, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting heat.

In actual use, the residual heat of the cooling section and the sintering kiln is transmitted to different areas of the drying kiln through the fan and the pipeline, the flow of the pipeline is controlled by the gate valve arranged on the pipe orifice of each heat pumping pipeline, and the residual heat is controlled by combining the variable frequency regulation effect of the smoke exhaust fan, so that the requirement of the sintering kiln on the drying temperature curve of dozens of meters of drying kilns is met, the requirement of the sintering kiln on the moisture of materials is finally met, and the product quality is ensured.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the firing kiln 30 of the present invention includes a kiln wall 24 in a closed manner, the roller transmission device 10 drives the adobe 110 to pass through the middle position of the firing kiln 30, the top of the kiln wall 24 is installed with a variable frequency heat extraction blower 9, and the waste heat is extracted to the drying kiln 20. Two rows of burning guns 33 are distributed at intervals on the upper part and the lower part of the roller rod transmission device 10, each row of burning guns 33 are positioned on the same horizontal line, flames generated by the burning guns 33 face inwards, and the burning guns in the same row are arranged in a staggered mode. The utility model discloses a burning gun array heating realizes the vitrification reaction of adobe on the production line to automatic control flame size and temperature have realized the even heating of the inside adobe of whole kiln district, have ensured the uniformity of product on the assembly line.

In order to satisfy the temperature curve of the sintering area, the sintering kiln 30 is divided into a plurality of temperature control sections, and a plurality of movable baffles 35 and fire-blocking walls 34 are added at specific positions of the common sintering kiln 30, so that the heat flow in the sections is blocked from diverging, and a local constant temperature area is formed. In fig. 8, a fire wall 34 is arranged at the lower part of the firing kiln 30, a support frame 37 is arranged at the upper part of the kiln wall 24 corresponding to the fire wall 34, a plurality of support rods 38 are fixed on the support frame 37, a series of straight holes 36 are arranged on the support rods 38, and a plurality of movable baffle plates 35 are fixed on the support rods 38. The locking rod 39 passes through the straight holes 36 at different positions and the through holes on the cross beam of the support frame 37, the support rod 38 is fixed on the support frame 37, the sealing of the local space of the kiln body is realized, the heat flow in the section is prevented from diffusing and flowing out, the function of adjusting the temperature of the local space can be realized by adjusting the height of the movable baffle 35, the firing curve requirement is finally met, and the product quality is ensured.

As shown in fig. 9, the burning torch 33 includes an electromagnetic valve 45, a control line 44, a fire outlet port 43, and a combustion-supporting port 41 and a gas port 42 controlled by the electromagnetic valve 45, the gas port 42 is connected to a natural gas pipeline through an independent valve, the combustion-supporting port 41 is communicated to the combustion-supporting fan 8 through a valve and a pipeline, and a control unit of the production line controls the electromagnetic valve 45 through the control line, so as to control the sizes of the natural gas 14 and the combustion-supporting air, and enable the burning torch to generate flames with different temperatures for a adobe pottery reaction.

The firing kiln 30 controls the electromagnetic valve 45 of the firing gun 33 to generate flames with different temperatures, and controls the temperature of the firing kiln and the kiln atmosphere by adjusting the height of the movable baffle 35 and the air quantity of the heat extraction fan 9, thereby controlling parameters such as the color depth of a product, the compressive strength of a finished product, the water absorption rate and the like.

The green-turning process adopts natural gas as fuel to reduce red brick ferric oxide oxidized at high temperature into ferrous oxide in cyan color, locks the cyan color through water vapor evaporated by a lower water tank and simultaneously rapidly reduces the temperature. The green-turning zone 40 is arranged similarly to the firing kiln 30, the roller transmission device 10 drives the green bricks 110 to pass through the middle position of the green-turning zone 40, two rows of firing guns 33 are distributed at intervals on the upper part and the lower part of the roller transmission device 10, each row of firing guns 33 are positioned on the same horizontal line, flames generated by the firing guns 33 face inwards, and the firing guns in the same row are arranged in a staggered mode. The top of the kiln wall 24 is provided with a variable frequency heat extraction fan 9 which extracts the residual heat to the drying kiln 20. The ratio of natural gas to combustion-supporting air in the burning gun 33 is adjusted to make the reducing flame generated by the burning gun inject into the green-turning zone, so that the product generates cyan. When red products are produced, the burning guns of the green returning area and the burning guns of the burning kiln are adjusted to be consistent, and oxidizing flames are injected to produce high-temperature burning products.

In order for a single production line to meet the production of both cyan and red water permeable bricks, different schemes are required in the striking zone 40 and the quenching zone 50. According to the preparation principle of the ceramic brick, the green brick is the same as the common red brick in the earlier stage of firing, the ferric oxide generates ferrous oxide in the reducing atmosphere after the green brick is oxidized and sintered, and the ferrous oxide and the silicon dioxide generate a cyan ferrous silicate glass phase at high temperature, so that the surface of the brick body is cyan. Because ferrous oxide is extremely unstable and is easy to oxidize secondarily at the temperature of more than 300 ℃, the grey brick must be cooled to the temperature which can not be oxidized again under the condition of oxygen deficiency until the grey brick is taken out of the kiln.

For the production of red bricks, because the green bricks do not need reduction reaction, the burning gun 33 of the green-turning zone 40 adopts a scheme consistent with that of the burning kiln 30, namely the burning gun 33 works normally and generates high-temperature flame to continuously burn the green bricks 110 of the green-turning zone 40. For the production of grey bricks, the burning gun 33 is adjusted to be reducing flame in the green-turning zone 40, namely the electromagnetic valve 45 is controlled to close the combustion-supporting port 41 of the burning gun 33, so that the fire outlet port 43 of the burning gun only outputs natural gas. The main component of the natural gas is methane, carbon monoxide is generated by insufficient combustion in the green-turning area where the high-temperature green bricks are located, the carbon monoxide generates a reducing atmosphere, ferric oxide is generated in the reducing atmosphere after the green bricks are oxidized and sintered to generate ferrous oxide, the whole green-turning area 40 is kept in an anoxic state, and the green bricks are prevented from being secondarily oxidized. By controlling the flow ratio of the combustion port 41 and the gas port 42 of the burning gun 33, the reduction reaction degree is controlled, and other colored bricks with the colors between cyan and red can be produced.

According to the former green brick reduction principle, since the ferrous oxide on the green brick 110 in the green-turning zone 40 is extremely unstable and is easily oxidized again at a temperature above 300 ℃, corresponding measures need to be taken in the subsequent quenching zone.

In fig. 10 and 11, two sets of quenching and cooling devices are designed in the quenching zone, and air cooling and water cooling can be realized. In the figure, two water tanks 51 are provided in the upper and lower parts of the quenching zone 50, respectively, and generate steam by the action of the inside of the high-temperature furnace body. The periphery of the quenching zone 50 is provided with a fully communicated external quenching pipeline 58 which is communicated with an internal quenching pipeline 53 in the kiln body, and a plurality of exhaust holes 59 are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall of the internal quenching pipeline 53 facing to the direction of the green bricks. The diameter of the vent holes 59 is 5-15mm, preferably 10mm, and the hole-to-hole spacing is 10-20mm, preferably 15 mm.

A quenching fan 11 is arranged outside the quenching area 50, and the quenching fan 11 is communicated with an external quenching pipeline 58 through an air pipe valve 54; the lower part of the water tank 51 is communicated with a cold water pipeline 52, the upper part of the water tank 51 is communicated with an externally arranged diffusing pipeline 56 through a steam pipeline 57, and the steam pipeline 57 is communicated with an external quenching pipeline 58 through a water pipe valve 55.

When the green ash is produced into a product, oxygen insulation and quenching are needed for a short time, the air pipe valve 54 is closed to prevent external air from flowing in, the water pipe valve 55 is opened, water vapor generated in the water tank 51 enters the internal quenching pipeline 53 in the kiln through the steam pipeline 57 and the external quenching pipeline 58, and the green brick is quenched and cooled through the vent hole 59, so that the external air does not flow in, the quenching area is in an oxygen insulation and quenching state, and the color of the product after green turning is locked; practice proves that the adoption of steam anaerobic quenching is not only beneficial to the stability of ferrous oxide and the prevention of secondary oxidation, but also beneficial to the quality and color of the grey brick.

When red, yellow and other products are produced, the water pipe valve 55 is closed, the air pipe valve 54 is opened, and cold air generated by the quenching fan enters the internal quenching pipeline 53 in the kiln through the air pipe and the external quenching pipeline 58, and the green brick is quenched and cooled through the exhaust hole 59, so that the primary color products are cooled. Practice proves that the adoption of an external air cooling mode can ensure that red and yellow products are in an aerobic state in a quenching zone, so that the final color and luster are purer and brighter. At this time, the diffusing pipe 56 is opened to diffuse the steam in the water tank 51, and since the water tank 51 is in a high temperature environment, an appropriate amount of water in the water tank must be secured to prevent dry burning, the generated steam is discharged or recycled from the diffusing pipe 56. From the perspective of waste heat utilization, the cold water pipe 52 of the water tank 51 is communicated to the cold water discharge pipe 61 arranged in the cooling zone 60, and the waste heat is utilized to heat the inlet water of the water tank 51, so that the steam generation efficiency and the quenching efficiency are improved.

As shown in fig. 12, a hot air pumping unit 9 and a cold water tank 62 are disposed at the top of the cooling region 60, the hot air pumping unit 9 pumps heat to the drying kiln 30, a plurality of cold water discharging pipes 61 are disposed inside the cooling region 60 and communicated with the cold water tank 62, an outlet of the cold water discharging pipes 61 is communicated with a lower cold water pipe 52 of the water tank 51 in the quenching region, and when the cooling region is cooled, waste heat is fully utilized to the quenching region, thereby achieving the effects of environmental protection and energy saving.

As shown in fig. 13, the green brick transmission device comprises dozens of groups of synchronous transmission units arranged on the kiln body, the length of a production line needing green brick transmission is about 200m according to the production process of the water permeable bricks, and the whole production line needs dozens of groups of synchronous transmission units according to the calculation of controlling 3-5m of each group of synchronous transmission units.

In fig. 13, each group of synchronous transmission units comprises a speed reducing motor 102, a chain transmission device, a driving rotating shaft 107 and a plurality of roller rods 115 which are only arranged on the furnace body area 101 in a side-by-side mode, wherein the chain transmission device comprises a small chain wheel 103, a large chain wheel 105 and a chain 104 between the small chain wheel 103 and the large chain wheel 105.

Each roll bar 115 includes a driven end and a driving end in a power driving direction. The driven end of the roller bar 115 is supported on the outer ring 121 of the support bearing 116 arranged on the bearing row seat 109; the driving end of the roller bar 115 is provided with a bayonet 118 and is fixedly connected to the roller bar seat 114 through a snap spring 117. The clamp spring 117 is of a V-shaped structure, one end of the clamp spring is fixed on the roller rod seat 114, and the V-shaped part penetrates through a groove on the roller rod seat 114 and then is clamped at the bayonet 118 of the roller rod 115. The inner diameter of the roller rod seat 114 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the roller rod 115, and the roller rod seat has certain clearance fit tolerance and the positioning locking function of the snap spring, so that the positioning precision and the transmission reliability of the driving end are ensured.

About 20 driving staggered transmission wheels 106 and a large chain wheel 105 are arranged on the driving rotating shaft 107 at intervals, the speed reduction motor 102 drives the small chain wheel 103 to transmit, and drives the large chain wheel 105 to drive the driving staggered transmission wheels 106 and the driven staggered transmission wheels 111 to rotate, so as to drive the roller rod seats 114 and the corresponding roller rods 115 to synchronously rotate.

As shown in fig. 14, the transmission device is a cross-shaft transmission device, which is intended to ensure compactness of a structure while achieving a large reduction in speed, and to prevent interference between a power output device and a transmission mechanism space of a roller bar 115 by the arrangement of a cross shaft. The interleaved shaft gearing may be a helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear arrangement, the driving interleaved drive wheel 106 may be a helical gear, bevel gear or worm gear, and the driven interleaved drive wheel 111 may be a matching helical gear, bevel gear or worm.

The reduction motor 102 is composed of a motor and a reduction worm box, the output power is ensured, meanwhile, the reduction of a large multiple is realized, and when the staggered shaft transmission device adopts a worm and gear reduction mechanism, the reduction motor 102 can also adopt other types of motors.

The roller seat 114 and the driven staggered driving wheel 111 are coaxially arranged and are fixed on a driven rotating shaft 112, and the driven rotating shaft 112 is fixed on the supporting piece 108 through a bearing seat 113. The driven rotating shaft 112 is fixed on the inner ring of the bearing, the outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the bearing seat 113, and the roller rod seat 114 rotates under the driving of the driven staggered driving wheel 111 to drive the roller rod 115 to rotate synchronously.

As shown in fig. 15, the driven end of the roll bar 115 is supported on the bearing row mount 109, and the bearing row mount 109 is fixed to the kiln wall by means of screws. A plurality of supporting bearings 116 are fixed on the bearing row seat 109 side by side, the supporting bearings 116 are rolling bearings, the inner ring 120 is fixed on the bearing row seat 109 through screws, a distance matched with the outer diameter of the roller rod is kept, and the driven end of the roller rod 115 is supported on the outer ring 121 of the adjacent supporting bearing 116 to realize positioning and supporting.

The roller rods are of hollow ceramic structures, the diameter of the roller rods is 50mm, the thickness of the roller rods is 6mm, the distance between every two adjacent roller rods is 65mm, and the roller rods are matched with the size of the green bricks 110. When the roller bar 115 is used for a long time, a build-up is generated, and when the roller bar is maintained, the roller bar needs to be detached for maintenance and replacement. When the roller is replaced, the roller bar 115 can be manually inserted from one end of the bearing outer ring 121, and if necessary, the roller bar can be pulled out from the bayonet 118 of the driven end by means of a tool. During installation, reliable transmission and high position precision of the roller bar 115 are ensured under the action of the clamp spring. In order to prevent heat loss in the kiln body, high alumina wool is arranged between the gaps of the bearing row seat 109, the support bearing 116 and the roller bar 115 for sealing. The two ends of the hollow roller are also filled with high-alumina cotton to prevent heat loss.

The production steps of the permeable brick by adopting the system are as follows:

【1】 Raw material preparation and green brick forming

The raw materials are made into green bricks with water content of about 8% after powder making, staling and compression molding;

【2】 Drying by baking

The green bricks are transmitted to a drying kiln through a combined conveying line and a roller transmission device, the moisture of the green bricks is dried to 1.5-2.5% at the temperature of 200-600 ℃ by utilizing the waste heat of a firing unit, and the drying time is 3-4 hours;

【3】 Firing into

The green bricks are transmitted to a firing kiln through a combined conveying line and a roller transmission device, and the flow ratio of a combustion-supporting port 41 and a gas port 42 of a firing gun is adjusted, so that a fire outlet port 43 outputs combustion flame to fire the green bricks;

【4】 Turning green

The green brick is transmitted to a green returning area through a roller transmission device;

for the red brick blank, the flow ratio of the combustion-supporting port 41 and the gas port 42 of the burning gun is adjusted, so that the fire outlet port 43 outputs combustion flame, and the red brick is continuously subjected to oxidation burning;

for the green brick blank, closing a combustion-supporting port of the burning gun, enabling a fire outlet port 43 of the burning gun to be reducing flame only outputting natural gas, and turning green of the green brick;

【5】 Quenching

The green bricks are transmitted to a quenching zone through a roller transmission device;

for red green bricks, cold air generated by a quenching fan enters an internal quenching pipeline of a quenching area through an air pipe and an external quenching pipeline to cool products by air;

for the cyan adobe, the water vapor generated in the water tank enters an internal quenching pipeline of the quenching area after passing through a vapor pipeline and an external quenching pipeline, and the product is subjected to vapor cooling in an oxygen-free environment;

【6】 Temperature reduction

The green brick is transmitted to a cooling area through a roller transmission device, and the temperature of the green brick is cooled to normal temperature by adopting an air cooling mode.

The project builds a first set of roller kiln production line capable of automatically producing red bricks and green bricks in China, wherein the length of a drying kiln is about 100m, the temperature is up to 200 ℃ from 60 ℃ at the inlet to the outlet, and the heat supply mode utilizes the waste heat generated by a firing unit 80. The length of the firing kiln 30 is about 80 meters, including a preheating section of 40 meters, and the temperature is raised from 200 ℃ to 600 ℃; the length of the fired segment was about 40m, and the temperature was raised from 600 ℃ to 1100 ℃. The length of the green-turning area 40 is about 10m, the temperature for firing red bricks is 1100 ℃, and the temperature for firing green bricks is 900 ℃; the length of the quenching zone 50 is about 15m and the temperature is controlled below 500 ℃; the length of the cooling zone 60 is 50m, and finally the finished product is cooled to normal temperature. The time from the preparation of the green brick to the pressing and forming of the final product to the packaging of the final product is about 6 to 8 hours, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the quality is ensured, the requirements of different customers on the variety of the water permeable brick are met, and meanwhile, the production environment-friendly requirement is met by adopting natural gas as fuel and adopting a waste heat recovery technology.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation assembly line of ceramic brick that permeates water of dry sintering which characterized in that: the brick blank is prepared by the dry powder preparation molding unit (5), is transmitted by a roller transmission device (10), sequentially passes through the drying kiln (20) and the firing unit (80), and is packed and warehoused by the sorting and packing unit (70);

the firing unit (80) comprises a firing kiln (30), a green returning area (40), a quenching area (50) and a cooling area (60) which are sequentially arranged in a cascade mode to form a kiln body structure, wherein the firing kiln (30) and the green returning area (40) are respectively provided with an upper row of firing guns (33) and a lower row of firing guns (33) at intervals on the upper portion and the lower portion of a movable brick blank (110), each firing gun (33) comprises a combustion-supporting port (41) and a gas port (42) which are controlled by an electromagnetic valve (45) and are provided with independent valves, and the input proportion of combustion-supporting air and natural gas is changed according to different color products;

a water tank (51) is arranged in the quenching zone (50), an external quenching pipeline (58) which is completely communicated with the quenching pipeline (53) in the quenching zone (50) is arranged at the periphery of the quenching zone (50) in a circle and is communicated with the quenching pipeline (53) in the quenching zone (50), and a plurality of exhaust holes (59) are uniformly distributed on the pipe wall of the internal quenching pipeline (53) facing to the direction of the green bricks; a quenching fan (11) is arranged outside the quenching area (50) and is communicated with an external quenching pipeline (58) through an air pipe valve (54); the lower part of the water tank (51) is communicated with a cold water pipeline (52), the upper part of the water tank (51) is communicated with a diffusion pipeline (56) arranged outside through a steam pipeline (57), and the steam pipeline (57) is communicated with an external quenching pipeline (58) through a water pipe valve (55);

the upper part of the firing unit (80) is provided with a plurality of heat extraction fans (9), outlets of the heat extraction fans (9) are communicated to heat extraction pipelines (21) on the upper part and the lower part of the drying kiln (20) through pipelines, outlets of the heat extraction pipelines (21) are branched into a plurality of air blowing openings (22), and the upper ends of the air blowing openings (22) are provided with gate valves (23).

2. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the drying kiln (20) is provided with a smoke exhaust fan (7) controlled by frequency conversion.

3. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air blowing port (22) is of a long strip-shaped structure and is arranged right opposite to the position where the green brick is located.

4. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the firing kiln (30) is provided with a plurality of temperature control sections through a fire wall (34) arranged at the lower part and a movable baffle (35) arranged at the upper part.

5. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 4, characterized in that: the upper part of the kiln wall (24) of the firing kiln (30) corresponding to the fire-blocking wall (34) is provided with a support frame (37), and a movable baffle plate (35) is fixed on the support frame (37) in a height adjusting mode.

6. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the roller transmission device (10) comprises a plurality of groups of synchronous transmission units arranged on the kiln body, wherein each group of synchronous transmission units comprises a speed reducing motor (102), a chain transmission device, a driving rotating shaft (107) and a plurality of rollers (115) arranged side by side;

the driven end of each roller rod (115) is supported on an outer ring (121) of a support bearing (116) arranged on the bearing row seat (109); a driving end of the roller rod (115) is provided with a bayonet (118) and is fixedly connected to a roller rod seat (114) through a snap spring, and the roller rod seat (114) and the driven staggered driving wheel (111) are coaxially arranged;

a plurality of driving staggered transmission wheels (106) and a large chain wheel (105) are arranged on the driving rotating shaft (107) at intervals, the small chain wheel (103) is driven by the speed reducing motor (102), the large chain wheel (105) is driven by the chain (104) to drive the driving staggered transmission wheels (106) and the driven staggered transmission wheels (111) to rotate, and then a plurality of roller rods (115) are driven to synchronously rotate.

7. The production line of the dry-sintered water-permeable ceramic brick according to claim 6, characterized in that: the driving staggered transmission wheel (106) is a helical gear, a bevel gear or a worm gear; the driven staggered transmission wheel (111) is a helical gear, a bevel gear or a worm.

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