CN210570252U

CN210570252U - Multi-directional energy-gathering blasting device for one-step blasting molding and slag throwing of hard rock

Info

Publication number: CN210570252U
Application number: CN201921039697.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟明寿; 谢兴博; 郭涛; 范磊; 马华原; 赵杰
Original assignee: Army Engineering University of PLA
Current assignee: Army Engineering University of PLA
Priority date: 2019-07-05
Filing date: 2019-07-05
Publication date: 2020-05-19
Anticipated expiration: 2029-07-05

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multidirectional energy-gathering blasting device for one-time blasting molding and muck throwing of hard rock, which comprises a blasting component, an upper explosive column unit, an explosion isolating pipe, a lower explosive column unit and a throwing unit which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; after the initiation assembly is initiated, the upper explosive column unit is initiated, the lower explosive column unit is initiated after a period of time delay through the explosion-proof pipe, the rock is blasted in a delayed mode, and the throwing unit at the tail end is initiated to throw broken stones. The outer ring of the object of the explosive tube is cylindrical, a plurality of V-shaped bulges are uniformly distributed on the inner ring, and the vertex angles of the V-shaped bulges are opposite to the central line of the explosive column. The utility model discloses a create the secondary and face the method of vacant face, will be in the past a lot of reaming powder charge blasting operations, optimize to standard, modular combined powder charge, through to powder charge flame proof mechanism research, realize separating detonating for a long time of hard downthehole upper and lower powder charge, form twice detonating and throw once to better form the V-arrangement pit that satisfies the dimensional parameter requirement.

Description

Multi-directional energy-gathering blasting device for one-step blasting molding and slag throwing of hard rock

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the blasting, a multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device that is used for carrying out special V-arrangement pit one shot forming and rubble simultaneously throw clearance on the hard rock is related to.

Background

In the mining, building and military application fields, a special pit body with a V-shaped section is usually required to be dug on hard rock, as shown in fig. 1, the V-shaped pit is a V-shaped pit which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the mouth d of the pit body is smaller than the depth h, and has a certain inclination angle requirement, and the excavation is usually carried out in a blasting mode. Fig. 2 shows a conventional layered blasting method for forming V-shaped pits, which comprises drilling a plurality of cut holes including a central hole and an edge hole in the upper layer of rock, wherein the cut holes are arranged at the positions as shown in the schematic hole position diagram below fig. 2. And installing small equivalent explosive in each hole, removing slag after the first layer is exploded, repeating the steps, removing slag by blasting the second layer, and finally forming the pit body through multiple blasting operations. The method has the problems of large drilling quantity, long operation time, more explosive consumption and difficulty in meeting the requirement of rapid forming in military application occasions.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an explosion equipment of preparing out special V-arrangement pit at rock one shot forming faces empty blasting operation technique through the secondary, adopts little equivalent explosive once only to excavate out special V-arrangement pit in hard rock, realizes exploding the quick shaping and the rubble clearance in pit.

The utility model discloses a concrete technical scheme as follows:

the utility model provides a multidirectional ability blasting unit of hard rock one shot blasting shaping and throw sediment which characterized in that: the blasting device comprises a detonation component, an upper explosive column unit, a detonation isolation pipe, a lower explosive column unit and a throwing unit which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the blasting device is placed in a prefabricated hole in the rock, after the detonation component detonates, the upper explosive column unit is detonated to blast the upper part of the rock for the first time, the lower explosive column unit is detonated to blast the lower part of the rock for the second time after the detonation isolation pipe delays for a period of time, and finally the throwing unit is detonated to throw and clean the broken stones in the pit body.

The upper portion powder column unit and the lower part powder column unit in be provided with upper portion powder tube and lower part powder tube respectively, upper portion powder tube and lower part powder tube be metal such as lead-antimony alloy or steel and make, the outer lane of casing is cylindrical, a plurality of V-arrangement are protruding evenly arranged to the inner circle of casing, the bellied apex angle of V-arrangement is just to the central line of powder column.

In the multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and muck throwing of hard rock, the explosion-proof pipe comprises an upper connecting terminal and a lower connecting terminal which are movably connected through threads; the upper connecting terminal is of a flange structure, and an upper explosive tube of the upper explosive column unit is connected to the flange structure of the upper connecting terminal through threads; a first cushion pad is arranged between the upper medicine tube and the flange structure; the first cushion pad is of a hollow structure, and a second flexible detonating cord is arranged in a central through hole of the first cushion pad; the outer side of the first cushion pad is provided with an annular groove and a straight groove which is communicated with the annular groove and the central through hole, and a first flexible detonating cord is arranged in the annular groove and the straight groove; the first flexible detonating cord is in contact with the second flexible detonating cord;

the upper end of the lower connecting terminal is a sleeve, an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve are arranged outside the sleeve, a plurality of cascaded annular metal expansion pipes are arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve, the lower end of the lower connecting terminal is a flange, and the lower explosive pipe of the lower explosive column unit is connected to the flange through threads; a lower-layer explosive column is arranged in the lower explosive tube, a second cushion pad is arranged between the lower-layer explosive column and the flange in the lower explosive tube, the second cushion pad is of a hollow structure, and a partition plate delay detonator is arranged in the hollow part;

the throwing unit comprises a second metal expanding pipe and a bottom cover; a third cushion pad, a metal bulging block and a throwing medicament are sequentially arranged in the second metal bulging pipe from top to bottom, and the throwing medicament is blocked in the second metal bulging pipe by a bottom cover; the second metal expanding pipe is connected with the lower explosive pipe through threads, the third buffer cushion is arranged between the metal expanding block and the lower explosive column, the third buffer cushion and the metal expanding block are both of hollow structures, the middle of the third buffer cushion is provided with a third flexible detonating cord, and the third flexible detonating cord extends into the inside of the throwing agent.

In the multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-step blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, a notch is formed in an inner ring of an annular metal expansion pipe, straight grooves are formed in positions, corresponding to the notches, on an inner sleeve and a sleeve, a fourth flexible detonating cord is installed in the annular metal expansion pipe, is coiled in the pipe of the annular metal expansion pipe and the straight grooves and is in contact with the second flexible detonating cord; the pipe of the annular metal expansion pipe is filled with explosive.

In the multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-step blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, a first metal expanding pipe is arranged inside the tail end of the upper explosive pipe; the first metal bulging pipe is provided with an internal thread which is connected with an external thread on the upper connecting terminal flange structure.

In the multidirectional energy-gathering blasting device for one-step blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, the inner wall of the second metal expanding pipe is of a cone structure with a large upper diameter and a small lower diameter, and the cone angle is 5-15 degrees.

In the multidirectional energy-gathering blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, the blasting component comprises a blasting cap, a plug and a sealing cover, the blasting cap is fixed on the plug through a cap connector, and the sealing cover is arranged at the uppermost end of the blasting component.

In the multidirectional energy-gathering blasting device for one-step blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, the upper explosive column in the upper explosive column unit is blocked in the upper explosive tube by the plug of the detonating assembly.

In the multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-step blasting molding and slag throwing of hard rock, the upper explosive tube is made of PVC material; the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve are both made of silicon rubber.

In the multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-step blasting molding and mucking of hard rock, the throwing agent is ammonium nitrate explosive, and the upper explosive column and the lower explosive column are both TNT explosive.

The method for quickly forming and throwing, cleaning and blasting the V-shaped pits on the rock is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

【1】 Drilling a straight hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the explosive tube at the center of the designated area of the rock, and placing the assembled blasting device in the hole;

【2】 Igniting the primer to initiate the explosion of the upper explosive column, and blasting the rock for the first time by the explosive shock waves forming an energy gathering effect along the V-shaped bulge of the explosive tube;

blasting the rock for the first time;

【3】 The detonating primer initiates the upper explosive column to explode, and further initiates the second flexible detonating cord to explode;

【4】 After the second flexible detonating cord is detonated, the first flexible detonating cord is initiated to detonate, the first metal bulging pipe is bulged, and the first buffer cushion and the first metal bulging pipe have the comprehensive effect of buffering and blocking the primary explosion wave.

【5】 The second flexible detonating cord triggers the fourth flexible detonating cord and explosive filler in the cascaded annular metal expansion tubes to explode, and the first explosive wave is buffered and blocked again under the comprehensive action of the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve, the upper connecting terminal, the lower connecting terminal, the second cushion and the annular metal expansion tubes;

【6】 The second flexible detonating cord triggers a baffle delay detonator, after hundreds of milliseconds, the baffle delay detonator triggers the lower-layer explosive column to detonate, the explosive shock wave forms energy-gathering effect along the V-shaped bulge of the explosive tube, secondary blasting is carried out on the rock, and meanwhile, the third flexible detonating cord is triggered;

【7】 And the third flexible detonating cord initiates the blasting of the throwing agent to throw and clean the broken stone in the molded pit body.

The project has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the utility model discloses a to hard rock blasting mechanism research, simplify traditional rock drilling expand pot blasting operation for a drilling after, directly put into the hole shaping of blasting pot body in advance with modular blasting unit, reduced drilling quantity greatly, the filling time shortens by a wide margin simultaneously, the effect of reunion throw medicament utilizes explosive energy to throw the disintegrating slag, has reduced artifical scarfing cinder work load, has improved shaping efficiency, satisfies the needs of the quick shaping of the pot body in the military application. Meanwhile, the measures of upper and lower explosive charges and intermediate delay explosion suppression are adopted, the upper explosive charge is exploded to form a new empty face, conditions are created for the efficient throwing and pit forming of the lower small-dose explosive charge, the crushing range of the lower explosive charge is limited by the clamping action of the upper inverted cone-shaped explosion pit, the shape control of the explosion pit is realized, and finally the V-shaped pit meeting the size requirement is formed by one-time ignition.

2. The utility model discloses a powder column casing adopts and gathers can cover the structure, and it is protruding to be provided with a plurality of V-arrangements in casing inside, and the explosion energy will assemble along gathering can the cave, produces high-speed and gathers can the efflux and invade near the rock of big gun hole for produce a large amount of crackles before the pore wall is carried forward, and the gas that produces after that the explosion can strike the crackle in the short time, makes the crackle constantly outwards widen, more is favorable to rock crack formation and breakage, enlarges the shaping size.

3. The utility model discloses set up the explosion-proof pipe between upper portion powder column unit and lower part powder column unit for delay a period after the initiation of upper portion powder column unit and detonate lower part powder column unit again, realize the secondary blasting with the rock blasting. When the middle-upper explosive charge is carried out, the rock at the upper part can be thrown away, a free surface is created for the lower explosive charge, and the blasting effect of the lower explosive charge is improved; meanwhile, the upper charge creates a free face for the lower charge by the two-section charge structure, so that the minimum resistance line of two kinds of charge blasting is reduced, and the one-time rapid forming of the V-shaped pit is realized by less charges.

4. The utility model discloses in implementing, upper portion powder charge detonation will turn into the initiation energy of lower part powder charge to the lower part powder charge of detonating after long delay, energy control is one of the key problem of this project. The lower explosive can be directly detonated when the energy weakening is too small, and the lower explosive cannot be detonated when the energy weakening is too large, so that the detonation is refused. The utility model discloses a design flame proof tube structure, adopt hard isolated and soft wave, reduce methods such as impact energy step by step, separation upper portion powder charge is to the luring of lower part powder charge explode to smooth propagation has been realized. Firstly, adopting high polymer material polyurethane with clipping at the front end and the rear end of a connecting terminal for reducing the intensity of detonation waves; secondly, an annular groove structure with a built-in flexible detonating cord is added in the buffer pad at the front end to prevent the downward propagation of detonation energy; and finally, the middle part of the explosion-proof pipe is provided with two stages of annular metal expansion pipes with explosive fillers, the expansion pipes expand under the action of detonation waves to further plug blast holes, detonation products are prevented from moving downwards, propagation of the detonation waves is prevented, and the lower cartridge case is prevented from being impacted, damaged and sympathetic explosion after the explosive columns on the upper part explode through the comprehensive explosion-proof effect.

5. The utility model discloses an between blasting unit and the initiating component, all adopt threaded connection between connecting terminal and the last explosive tube, can realize on-the-spot rapid Assembly, simultaneously in order to guarantee product security, reliability, in product transportation, storage process, each powder charge dress explosive and the detonator that has initiation performance, adopt the physics isolation measure such as ignition tube, even the ignition tube, the unexpected ignition of detonator is detonating, guarantee can not initiating explosive, through the threaded connection mode before using, can link together each subassembly of blasting unit fast.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ideal V-shaped pit structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a blasting step of forming a V-shaped pit according to the prior art;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the rapid prototyping blasting apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the blasting device of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a detonating unit of the blasting device of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a throwing unit of the blasting device of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the explosion-proof tube structure of the blasting device of the present invention;

3 FIG. 3 8 3 is 3 a 3 sectional 3 view 3 taken 3 along 3 line 3 A 3- 3 A 3 of 3 FIG. 3 7 3 according 3 to 3 the 3 present 3 invention 3; 3

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 7 according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the baffle delay detonator of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a charge column with an energy-gathering cover in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The reference signs are: 1-bottom cover; 2-a second metal expanded pipe; 3-throwing the medicament; 4-a metal bulge block; 5-a third cushion pad; 6-lower layer of explosive column; 7-lower cartridge; 8-spacer delay detonator; 9-annular metal expansion pipe; 10-outer sleeve; 11 — upper connection terminal; 12-a first flexible detonating cord; 13 — a first cushion; 14-a second flexible detonating cord; 15-upper layer of explosive column; 16-upper cartridge; 17-priming the detonator; 18-plug; 19-detonator connection; 20-sealing cover; 21-a detonating assembly; 22-upper cartridge unit; 23-an explosion-proof tube; 24-lower cartridge unit; 25-a slinger unit; 31 — a second cushion; 33-a flange; 34-a sleeve; 35-inner sleeve; 36-lower connection terminal; 41-a first metal expanded pipe; 43-a third flexible detonating cord; 44-a fourth flexible detonating cord; 45-explosive charge; 51-a central through hole; 52-an annular groove; 53-straight groove; 54-a drug core; 55-outer skin; 61-a notch; 71-a housing; 72-explosive; 73-a V-shaped protrusion; 81-delay detonator; 82-connecting a fire transmission pipe; 83-baffle igniter; 91-detonator lead wire; 92, pre-making holes; 93-blasting means; 94-upper explosion pit; 95-blasting pit at the lower part; 96-rock.

Detailed Description

The utility model aims at once only blasting shaping obtains special dimensions's V-arrangement pit on hard rock, improve the fashioned efficiency of the hole body, and avoid the operation danger that the secondary is filled the explosive blasting construction and is brought, the scheme of adoption is the blasting unit who packs into two segmentation explosives on the rock after drilling, and control the time delay between upper portion explosive and the lower part explosive, let the upper portion powder charge create for the lower part powder charge and face the free face, the line of resisting at the minimum that has reduced two kinds of powder charges blasting, reach bigger throw effect with the powder charge still less, thereby realized the quick shaping of a blasting of the hole body.

As shown in fig. 3, the main technical route of the present invention is: at first adopt handheld rig to bore prefabricated hole 92 of vertical direction in rock 96, will after that the utility model discloses integrated upper and lower powder charge and time delay pass explode the blast device 93 of unit and put into prefabricated hole 92 according to the height that sets up and detonate promptly to through detonator lead wire 91 remote blasting, make the broken rock of first layer powder charge, throw the disintegrating slag that are close the earth's surface, form obconical upper portion at the earth's surface and explode hole 94, and created new face the free face for lower one deck powder charge. The next layer of charge after delayed initiation is blasted again at a certain distance below the upper blasting pit 94 to form a lower blasting pit 95, and the bottom rock of the pit is thrown to achieve one-time ignition and rapid blasting to form a V-shaped pit.

Because the delay blasting is carried out in the rock prefabricating blast hole, the detonation wave generated when the upper charge is exploded can directly induce and explode the lower charge when the detonation wave is spread downwards along with the hard hole wall and the lower charge is propped against the lower charge, and in addition, in order to achieve the best effect, the delay of hundreds of milliseconds after the upper charge is exploded is needed to initiate the lower charge, which becomes the technical problem faced by the invention.

The traditional explosion mode also has a scheme of explosion suppression in the middle of the explosion of an upper explosive column and a lower explosive column. For example, an explosion-proof material is arranged between two explosion devices for explosion suppression, the explosion-proof material only plays a role in blocking shock waves generally, and the explosion delay between an upper charging unit and a lower charging unit cannot be accurately controlled in explosion, so that the requirement that the upper charging unit provides a free face for the lower charging unit is met; in order to ensure the shape and the size of the V-shaped pit, the invention needs to drill a blast hole with a diameter slightly larger than that of the blasting device on the hard rock in advance, so that the whole two-stage blasting is carried out in a rock hole in a closed space, and the blasting shock wave of the upper layer can detonate the explosive below at the same time during the blasting, thereby not achieving the effect of delayed blasting. Only by overcoming the above problems can the rapid formation of V-shaped pits in hard rock be finally achieved.

As shown in fig. 4, the rock blasting device of the present invention comprises a priming component 21, an upper explosive column unit 22, an explosion-proof tube 23, a lower explosive column unit 24 and a throwing unit 25, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; after the initiation assembly 21 initiates, the upper powder column unit 22 is detonated to perform the first blasting on the upper rock layer, the lower powder column unit 24 is detonated to perform the second blasting on the lower rock layer after a period of delay through the detonation isolation tube 23, a special V-shaped pit meeting the size requirement is formed, and finally the detonation throwing unit 25 is detonated to throw and clean the broken stones in the pit.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the upper cartridge unit 22 comprises an upper cartridge 16 and an upper cartridge 15 arranged inside the upper cartridge 16, and the upper cartridge 15 is blocked inside the upper cartridge 16 by the plug 18 of the initiation assembly 21; the upper cartridge 16 is made of PVC material, primarily to reduce weight.

The initiation assembly 21 comprises an initiation detonator 17, a plug 18 and a sealing cover 20, wherein the initiation detonator 17 is used for initiating the upper explosive, is connected with a fuse and a midriff cap in series (not marked in the figure), and is stored separately at ordinary times for safety. The priming detonator 17 is fixed on a plug 18 through a detonator connector 19, and the plug 18 is made of plastic and plays a role in plugging an upper explosive column and fixing the detonator connector. The uppermost end of the priming assembly 21 is provided with a sealing cap 20. The sealing cap 20 has sealing, waterproof, dustproof and protective functions. The detonator joint 19 ensures that the detonator can be quickly inserted in place and cannot be pulled off, and the connection is convenient and quick.

Fig. 6 shows the structure of the throwing unit 25 and the lower powder column unit 24 of the blasting device of the utility model, and the lower powder column unit 24 comprises a lower powder tube 7 and an internally installed lower powder column 6. The lower explosive tube 7 is made of cold-drawn steel, and is used for preventing explosion and resisting impact on the lower explosive due to detonation during the process of upper explosive loading. The slinger unit 25 comprises a second metal expanding tube 2 and a bottom cover 1; the bottom cover is made of plastic and is used for plugging the medicament in the lower medicament tube 7 and playing a role in impact resistance.

A third buffer pad 5, a metal expansion block 4 and a throwing medicament 3 are sequentially arranged in the second metal expansion pipe 2 from top to bottom, and the throwing medicament 3 is blocked in the second metal expansion pipe 2 by the bottom cover 1; the second metal expanding pipe 2 is connected with the lower explosive pipe 7 through threads, a lower explosive column 6 is arranged in the lower explosive pipe 7, the third buffer cushion 5 is arranged between the metal expanding block 4 and the lower explosive column 6, the third buffer cushion 5 and the metal expanding block 4 are both of hollow structures, a third flexible detonating cord 43 is arranged in the middle, and the third flexible detonating cord 43 extends into the throwing agent 3.

Wherein the second metal expanding pipe 2 is a cone structure with the inner wall made of cold-drawn steel and large upper diameter and small lower diameter, and the preferred cone angle is 5-15 degrees. The metal expansion block 4 moves downwards under the action of explosive extrusion of the lower-layer explosive column 6, and the second metal expansion pipe 2 is expanded radially from inside to outside, so that the lower-part explosive pipe 7 is prevented from downwards rushing to the top, and the effect of diffusing the explosive wave around is achieved. The throwing agent 3 is ammonium nitrate explosive, the lower-layer explosive column is TNT explosive, the detonation wave speed of the ammonium nitrate explosive is lower than that of the TNT explosive during explosion, gas for throwing broken stone is easier to generate than TNT, and the function of the throwing agent is that when the second metal expansion pipe 2 is pre-cracked and expanded, the broken stone after explosion is thrown by the ammonium nitrate explosive, so that the broken stone in the pit is cleaned.

Fig. 7 to fig. 10 show the utility model discloses explosion suppression tube structure of explosion device, explosion suppression tube 23 include connecting terminal 11 and lower connecting terminal 36, and connecting terminal's effect lies in connecting upper portion powder column unit 22 and lower part powder column unit 24 to play and propagate effects such as exploding, shutoff and support.

In fig. 7 and 8, the upper connection terminal 11 is a flange structure, and the upper cartridge 16 of the upper cartridge unit 22 is connected to the flange structure of the upper connection terminal 11 by screw threads; preferably, a first metal expanding tube 41 is arranged inside the tail end of the upper medicine tube 16; the first metal expanding pipe 41 is provided with an internal thread to be coupled with an external thread of a flange structure of the upper connection terminal 11.

A first cushion 13 is provided between the upper cartridge 16 and the flange structure. The first cushion pad 13 is a hollow structure, and the second flexible detonating cord 14 passes through the central through hole 51 thereof; the outer side of the first cushion pad 13 is formed with an annular groove 52 and a straight groove 53 communicating the annular groove 52 with the central through hole 51, and the first flexible detonating cord 12 is installed inside the annular groove 52 and the straight groove 53. The middle portion of the first flexible explosion wire 12 is wound in the annular groove 52, and both ends are arranged in the straight grooves 53. In fig. 8, the detonating cord includes a core 54 and a sheath 55, and the core 54 and the sheath 55 of the first flexible detonating cord 12 are in reliable contact with the sheath of the second flexible detonating cord 14 to ensure reliable detonation. The second flexible detonating cord 14 mainly plays a role of detonation propagation, reliably detonates the first flexible detonating cord 12 and the following baffle delay detonator 8, and seals the first metal expanding tube 41 to prevent the first metal expanding tube from moving downwards after detonation. The first metal expanding pipe 41 is used for connecting the upper powder column unit 22 and the upper connecting terminal 11, and a buffer pad is arranged in the first metal expanding pipe, so that the downward transmission of the detonation energy of the upper powder column unit 22 can be effectively attenuated. The buffer pad is made of polyurethane, can attenuate impact and damage caused by detonation of the explosive at the upper part, protects the safety of the medicament at the lower layer and other related components, and prevents the metal connecting terminal from losing effects such as plugging and supporting due to impact damage.

As shown in fig. 7 and 9, the upper end of the lower connection terminal 36 is a sleeve 34, an inner sleeve 35 and an outer sleeve 10 are arranged outside the sleeve 34, the inner sleeve 35 and the outer sleeve 10 are both made of silicon rubber, and an annular metal expansion tube 9 is arranged between the inner sleeve 35 and the outer sleeve 10. The inner sleeve 35 is of a hollow structure, the second flexible detonating cord 14 penetrates through a central through hole of the inner sleeve, a notch 61 is formed in the inner ring of the annular metal expansion tube 9, a straight groove 53 is formed in the positions, corresponding to the notch 61, of the inner sleeve 35 and the sleeve 34, the fourth flexible detonating cord 44 is installed inside the annular metal expansion tube 9, the fourth flexible detonating cord 44 is wound inside the tube of the annular metal expansion tube 9 and the straight groove 53 and is in reliable contact with the second flexible detonating cord 14, and reliable detonation is guaranteed. In addition, the inside of the annular metal expansion pipe 9 is filled with explosive fillers 45, the explosive fillers 45 are made of explosive and can be detonated by a fourth flexible detonating cord 44, an acting force is generated on the annular metal expansion pipe 9 during explosion to enable the annular metal expansion pipe to expand radially, the annular metal expansion pipe 9 is embedded in an outer sleeve 10 made of silicon rubber, the outer diameter expansion of the sleeve is increased and closely attached to the rock hole wall to be blocked after explosion, and after the explosion of the internal explosive fillers 45, a blocking effect is achieved on the detonation wave transmitted after the explosion of the upper explosive column unit 22, so that the detonation energy of the upper explosive column is prevented from being transmitted downwards, and the lower explosive pipe is subjected to transitional impact, damage and sympathetic explosion or topping. The purpose of the explosive filler 45 is to overcome the defects that the conventional detonating cord has small explosive power and is not enough to ensure the effective expansion of the annular metal expansion pipe 9, ensure enough expansion force for explosion and play a role in blocking the damage caused by downward transmission of the upper explosive.

The lower end of the lower connecting terminal 36 is a flange 33, and the lower explosive tube 7 of the lower explosive column unit 24 is connected to the flange 33 through threads; a second cushion pad 31 is arranged between the lower-layer explosive column 6 and the flange 33, the second cushion pad 31 is of a hollow structure, and a partition plate delay detonator 8 is arranged in the hollow part; the clapboard delay detonator 8 can block the energy of the detonating cord on one hand, and can not influence the delay time and the detonation of the other end of the clapboard on the other hand, thereby playing the role of starting and stopping.

In fig. 10, the separator delay detonator 8 is composed of a delay detonator 81, a connecting transfer tube 82 and a separator igniter 83, and the separator igniter 83 is screwed on the internal thread of the central through hole of the lower connecting terminal 36 through the external thread of the head part and is butted against the second flexible detonating cord 14. The partition igniter is used for converting detonation into combustion to ignite the delay powder of the partition delay detonator 8 so as to realize delay detonation.

As shown in fig. 11, in order to further improve the detonation power, the utility model discloses an upper explosive column 15 and lower explosive column 6 change the ordinary cylindrical powder charge in fig. 1 into multidirectional shaped charge structure, and in fig. 11, the casing 71 of upper portion powder charge pipe 16 and lower part powder charge pipe 7 adopts metals such as lead-antimony alloy or steel to make, and explosive 72 is laid inside casing 71, and the outer lane of casing 71 is cylindrical, and the inner circle has evenly arranged a plurality of V-arrangement protrudingly 73, and quantity is 4-8. The cross section of the V-shaped protrusion 73 is of a symmetrical triangular structure, the vertex angle of the V-shaped protrusion is opposite to the center line of the explosive column, and the angle of the vertex angle is 30-60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees.

The explosion theory research shows that by adopting the blasting device with the multidirectional energy-gathering charge structure, the shock wave can form energy-gathering holes at the positions of the V-shaped convex points in the explosion, and the whole structure can form the multidirectional energy-gathering blasting device. After the device is detonated, the explosion energy can be gathered along the energy-gathering holes to generate high-speed energy-gathering jet flow to invade rocks near a blast hole, so that a large number of cracks are generated on the hole wall in advance, and gas generated by explosion can impact the cracks in a short time to continuously widen the cracks outwards, thereby being more beneficial to forming and breaking the cracks of the rocks and expanding the forming size. The energy gathering structure is suitable for soft rock and hard rock, and can greatly improve blasting efficiency and reduce dosage.

In implementation, the explosive impact of the upper explosive column 15 detonates the second flexible detonating cord 14, the second flexible detonating cord 14 detonates the explosives at the input ends of the first flexible detonating cord 12, the fourth flexible detonating cord 44 and the partition igniter 83, the delay detonator 81 is detonated by connecting with the fire transfer tube 82, and the lower explosive column 6 is detonated after the delay setting time. The partition plate delay detonator 8 adopts the conventional prior art, the delay time can be customized to ensure the time length precision, and the delay of the partition plate delay detonator 8 in the project is about 500 milliseconds.

The utility model discloses whole blasting unit's equipment and detonation mode as follows: before use, the initiation assembly 21 is installed on the upper explosive tube 16, the upper explosive tube 16 is screwed with the upper connecting terminal 11, the lower explosive tube 7 of the lower explosive column unit 24 is screwed with the lower connecting terminal 36, two ends of a blast hole are plugged, a detonator electric wire is taken out, the initiation electric wire is connected, the length of the electric wire is not less than 100 m, the electric wire is pulled to a safe position and connected with a special initiator, and initiation is carried out under the condition that no personnel or equipment exists in an initiation site.

The following describes the design scheme of the blasting device and the principle of one-step blasting forming of the V-shaped pits.

(I) V-shaped pit requirement

As shown in FIG. 1, the V-shaped pits are of inverted cone structures, the pit body depth is not less than 110 cm, the bottom width is 50 cm, and the caliber is not less than 65 cm. Basically, the blast furnace is a cone which is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom and can be called as a variation type blasting funnel; the blasting pit is required to be free of concave-convex and unstable rocks after blasting, and meanwhile, the rocks in the pit are convenient to clean manually.

(II) design of parameters

The parameters of the whole blasting device are as follows: the upper explosive charging pipe is made of PVC material, the size is 250mm multiplied by phi 70mm, the upper explosive charging amount is 1.01 kg, and the weight of the part is less than 1.5 kg; the explosion-proof tube is made of expansion materials, the size is less than 200mm multiplied by phi 70mm, and the weight is less than or equal to 1.2 kg; the lower part charging pipe is made of A3 steel with good ductility, the size is less than 300mm multiplied by 70mm, the lower part charging is 1.2kg, and the weight of the part is less than or equal to 2.0 kg. The explosion-proof delay time of the upper explosive tube and the lower explosive tube is not less than 500 ms.

One-step forming principle of V-shaped pits

The utility model discloses explosion principle of explosion device is as follows:

【1】 Firstly, drilling a prefabricated hole with the diameter slightly larger than that of the explosive tube on the rock by adopting a handheld drilling machine, and then placing the assembled blasting device in the hole;

【2】 The detonating primer 17 is ignited to initiate the upper explosive column 15 to explode, and the explosion shock wave forms an energy gathering effect along the V-shaped bulge 73 of the explosive tube to explode the rock for the first time;

【3】 The detonating primer 17 initiates the second flexible detonating cord 14 to detonate or initiates the second flexible detonating cord 14 to detonate after the upper explosive column 15 explodes;

【4】 After the second flexible detonating cord 14 is detonated, the first flexible detonating cord 12 is initiated to be detonated, the first metal expanding tube 41 expands, and the first buffer cushion 13 and the first metal expanding tube 41 have comprehensive effects to buffer and block the primary explosion wave;

【5】 The second flexible detonating cord 14 initiates the fourth flexible detonating cord 44 and explosive filler 45 in the cascaded annular metal expansion tube 9 to explode, and the first explosive wave is buffered and blocked again under the comprehensive action of the inner sleeve 35, the outer sleeve 10, the upper connecting terminal 11, the lower connecting terminal 36, the second buffer cushion 31 and the annular metal expansion tube 9;

【6】 The second flexible detonating cord 14 initiates a partition delay detonator 8, and after hundreds of milliseconds, the partition delay detonator 8 initiates the lower-layer explosive column 6 to detonate, and the explosive shock waves form an energy-gathering effect along the V-shaped bulge 73 of the explosive tube to carry out secondary blasting on the rock;

【7】 Meanwhile, the baffle delay detonator 8 initiates the third flexible detonating cord 43 to detonate or the lower-layer explosive column 6 initiates the third flexible detonating cord 43 to detonate;

【8】 The third flexible detonating cord 43 triggers the throwing unit 25 to throw and clean the broken stones in the formed pit body.

The utility model discloses can implement the V-arrangement pit one shot blasting shaping that the degree of depth is greater than 1.1 meters on hard rock, also can be used to the blasting shaping of other special pits on the rock.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a multidirectional ability blasting unit of hard rock one shot blasting shaping and throw sediment which characterized in that: the blasting device (93) comprises a blasting component (21), an upper explosive column unit (22), a blasting tube (23), a lower explosive column unit (24) and a throwing unit (25) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the blasting device (93) is placed in a prefabricated hole (92) in a rock (96), after the blasting component (21) is blasted, the upper explosive column unit (22) is blasted for the first time on the upper part of the rock (96), the lower explosive column unit (24) is blasted for the second time on the lower part of the rock (96) after the blasting tube (23) delays for a period of time, and finally the throwing unit (25) is detonated to throw and clean broken stones in a pit body;

upper portion powder column unit (22) and lower part powder column unit (24) in be provided with upper portion powder tube (16) and lower part powder tube (7) respectively, upper portion powder tube (16) and lower part powder tube (7) be lead-antimony alloy or steel and make, the outer lane of casing (71) is cylindrical, the inner circle of casing (71) has evenly arranged a plurality of protruding (73) of V-arrangement, the apex angle of the protruding (73) of V-arrangement is just to the central line of powder column.

2. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the explosion-proof tube (23) comprises an upper connecting terminal (11) and a lower connecting terminal (36) which are movably connected through threads; the upper connecting terminal (11) is of a flange structure, and an upper explosive tube (16) of the upper explosive column unit (22) is connected to the flange structure of the upper connecting terminal (11) through threads; a first buffer pad (13) is arranged between the upper medicine tube (16) and the flange structure; the first buffer cushion (13) is of a hollow structure, and a second flexible detonating cord (14) is arranged in a central through hole (51) of the first buffer cushion; the outer side of the first cushion pad (13) is provided with an annular groove (52) and a straight groove (53) communicated with the annular groove (52) and the central through hole (51), and a first flexible detonating cord (12) is arranged in the annular groove (52) and the straight groove (53); the first flexible detonating cord (12) is in contact with the second flexible detonating cord (14);

the upper end of the lower connecting terminal (36) is provided with a sleeve (34), the outside of the sleeve (34) is provided with an inner sleeve (35) and an outer sleeve (10), a plurality of cascaded annular metal expansion pipes (9) are arranged between the inner sleeve (35) and the outer sleeve (10), the lower end of the lower connecting terminal (36) is provided with a flange (33), and the lower explosive pipe (7) of the lower explosive column unit (24) is connected to the flange (33) through threads; a second cushion pad (31) is arranged between the lower-layer explosive column (6) and the flange (33) in the lower explosive tube (7), the second cushion pad (31) is of a hollow structure, and a partition plate delay detonator (8) is arranged in the hollow part;

the throwing unit (25) comprises a second metal expanding pipe (2) and a bottom cover (1); a third buffer pad (5), a metal expansion block (4) and a throwing medicament (3) are sequentially arranged in the second metal expansion pipe (2) from top to bottom, and the throwing medicament (3) is blocked in the second metal expansion pipe (2) by the bottom cover (1); the second metal expanding pipe (2) is connected with the lower medicine pipe (7) through threads, the third cushion pad (5) is arranged between the metal expanding block (4) and the lower medicine column (6), the third cushion pad (5) and the metal expanding block (4) are both of a hollow structure, a third flexible detonating cord (43) is installed in the middle of the third cushion pad, and the third flexible detonating cord (43) extends into the inside of the throwing medicine (3).

3. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: a notch (61) is formed in the inner ring of the annular metal expansion pipe (9), a straight groove (53) is formed in the positions, corresponding to the notch (61), of the inner sleeve (35) and the sleeve (34), a fourth flexible detonating cord (44) is installed inside the annular metal expansion pipe (9), and the fourth flexible detonating cord (44) is wound in the pipe of the annular metal expansion pipe (9) and the straight groove (53) and is in contact with the second flexible detonating cord (14); explosive is filled in the pipe of the annular metal expansion pipe (9).

4. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: a first metal expansion pipe (41) is arranged inside the tail end of the upper medicine pipe (16); the first metal expanding pipe (41) is processed with internal threads and is connected with external threads on a flange structure of the upper connecting terminal (11).

5. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inner wall of the second metal expanding pipe (2) is of a cone structure with a large upper diameter and a small lower diameter, and the cone angle is 5-15 degrees.

6. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detonation assembly (21) comprises a detonation detonator (17), a plug (18) and a sealing cover (20), the detonation detonator (17) is fixed on the plug (18) through a detonator joint (19), and the sealing cover (20) is arranged at the uppermost end of the detonation assembly (21).

7. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper explosive column (15) in the upper explosive column unit (22) is blocked in the upper explosive tube (16) by a plug (18) of the initiation assembly (21).

8. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the upper medicine tube (16) is made of PVC material; the inner sleeve (35) and the outer sleeve (10) are both made of silicon rubber.

9. The multidirectional energy-gathered blasting device for one-time blasting molding and mucking of hard rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the throwing medicament (3) is ammonium nitrate explosive, and the lower-layer explosive column (6) is TNT explosive.