CN210511641U - Energy-saving and emission-reducing device of coal-fired boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy-saving and emission-reducing device of a coal-fired boiler comprises a shell, an induced draft fan and a boiler flue connecting pipe, wherein the shell comprises a shell outer wall and a shell inner wall, a cooling interlayer is formed between the shell outer wall and the shell inner wall, the cooling interlayer is communicated with a water jacket of the coal-fired boiler, and a flue gas heat flow box, a flue gas damping layer, a combustion chamber, a fire bar and an ash falling chamber are arranged in the shell inner wall; according to the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler, the carbon black, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and other substances which are not burnt out or are not beneficial to combustion in the flue gas of the coal-fired boiler are forcedly and fully combusted and decomposed by high-temperature combustion of the coke at the temperature of over 800 ℃; the smoke damping layer divides the smoke heat flow box from the combustion chamber, so that the residence time of smoke in the combustion chamber is prolonged, and the beneficial effect of full combustion and decomposition of the smoke is achieved; the cooling interlayer is communicated with the water jacket of the coal-fired boiler, so that the heat value of the coal-fired boiler is increased, and the energy-saving beneficial effect of the coal-fired boiler is achieved.

Description

Energy-saving and emission-reducing device of coal-fired boiler

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of coal fired boiler technique and specifically relates to a with carbon black, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide etc. are unfavorable for the material of burning in the coal fired boiler and force energy saving and emission reduction device that abundant burning decomposed.

Background

Coal and biomass fuel can generate a large amount of heat energy in the combustion process, are the material basis on which people live, are also indispensable basic conditions for people's survival and life, and are accompanied with the growth of the material civilization of human history; in recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization, the amount of harmful substances discharged by people in production and life is increasing day by day, and among various harmful gases discharged, the discharge of a coal-fired boiler is the main pollution; the fuel of the coal-fired boiler is coal, is a typical ore fuel, generates a large amount of smoke during combustion, dust (including fly ash and carbon black), sulfur and nitrogen oxides contained in the smoke of the coal-fired boiler are substances polluting the atmosphere, and have nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, smoke dust, Hg, CO and the like, and the emission index of the smoke of the coal-fired boiler can reach several times to dozens of times of the specified index of environmental protection without purification; carbon black is a black powdery substance formed by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, the main component of the black powdery substance is elemental carbon, and the black powdery substance contains a small amount of oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur and the like, and the smoke dust is ultrafine particles and is easy to be inhaled into the lung. Causing respiratory diseases, lung inflammation and pneumoconiosis, in 2017, 10 and 27 months, and preliminarily sorting and referring to carcinogen lists published by international cancer research institutes of world health organization, wherein carbon black is in the class 2B carcinogen list;

at present, the method for removing carbon black discharged by a coal-fired boiler mostly adopts means of secondary combustion and water bath dust removal, and because the secondary combustion is not thorough, and the accuracy of the boiler worker is difficult to master, a large amount of carbon black is discharged into the air; in the water bath process of the boiler, a large amount of water vapor is generated due to waste heat, and carbon black is discharged into the air under the entrainment effect of the water vapor.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an energy-saving and emission-reducing device of a coal-fired boiler, which can not only force the substances which are not burnt out and are not beneficial to burning of the coal-fired boiler to be fully combusted and decomposed, thereby achieving the purposes of removing carbon black in flue gas, meeting the requirement of environmental protection and emission, but also increasing the heat value of the boiler, and further achieving the purpose of energy conservation of the coal-fired boiler;

the technical proposal adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problems is that the device comprises a shell, an induced draft fan and a boiler flue connecting pipe, wherein the shell comprises a shell outer wall and a shell inner wall, a cooling interlayer is formed between the shell outer wall and the shell inner wall, the cooling interlayer is communicated with a water jacket of the coal-fired boiler, a flue gas heat flow box, a flue gas damping layer, a combustion chamber, fire bars and an ash falling chamber are arranged in the shell inner wall 7, the flue gas damping layer is uniformly provided with smoke-through calandria pipes, the shell inner wall and the upper part of the flue gas damping layer form the flue gas heat flow box, the lower part of the flue gas damping layer and the fire bars form the combustion chamber, the lower part of the fire bars and the shell inner wall form the ash falling chamber, one side of the flue gas heat flow box is provided with a smoke exhaust port, one side of the combustion chamber is provided with a coke adding port, a slag removal port is arranged on one side of the ash falling chamber, a coke addition door is arranged on the coke addition port, a slag removal port door is arranged on the slag removal port, a flue gas inlet is arranged on the other side of the ash falling chamber, the flue gas inlet is connected with an induced draft fan, and the induced draft fan is connected with one end of a boiler flue connecting pipe;

the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is a cylinder, the volume of the energy-saving emission-reducing device is determined according to the size of the boiler, and one ton of the boiler is taken as an example: the cross-section diameter of the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is 50 cm, the height of a combustion chamber is 50 cm, the height of an ash falling chamber is 20 cm, the height of a heat flow box is 20 cm, and the height of added coke is 30 cm during production.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model its beneficial effect is: according to the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler, flue gas generated in the combustion process of the coal-fired boiler is introduced into the coke combustion chamber through the induced draft fan, and substances which are not burnt out or are not beneficial to combustion in the flue gas of the coal-fired boiler are forcedly and fully combusted and decomposed through the high-temperature combustion of coke at the temperature of more than 800 ℃, so that the substances such as carbon black, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the flue gas are removed, and the beneficial effect of meeting the requirement of environmental protection emission is obtained; the smoke damping layer divides the smoke heat flow box from the combustion chamber, so that hot smoke generated by the combustion chamber can enter the smoke heat flow box only through the smoke through exhaust pipes in the smoke damping layer, the smoke throughput is reduced, the residence time of the smoke in the combustion chamber is prolonged, and the beneficial effect of full combustion solution of the smoke is achieved; the cooling interlayer is communicated with the water jacket of the coal-fired boiler, a large amount of heat generated in the coke combustion process is transferred to the water jacket of the coal-fired boiler through the cooling interlayer, the heat value of the coal-fired boiler is increased, and the energy-saving beneficial effect of the coal-fired boiler is achieved.

Description of the drawings:

the utility model is further explained with the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 1 according to the present invention.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the utility model discloses a concrete implementation mode is: refer to fig. 1, including casing 1, draught fan 2, boiler flue connecting pipe 3, refer to fig. 1, fig. 2, casing 1 include shells outer wall 8 and shells inner wall 7, shells outer wall 8 and shells inner wall 7 between constitute cooling interlayer 10, cooling interlayer 10 and coal fired boiler water jacket intercommunication, shells inner wall 7 in be provided with flue gas thermal current case 9, flue gas damping layer 11, combustion chamber 13, fire bars 14 and ash falling chamber 17, flue gas damping layer 11 in the equipartition have logical cigarette calandria 12, shells inner wall 7 with flue gas damping layer 11 upper portion between constitute flue gas thermal current case 9, flue gas damping layer 11 lower part with fire bars 14 between constitute combustion chamber 13, fire bars 14 lower part with shells inner wall 7 between constitute ash falling chamber 17, one side of flue gas thermal current case 9 be provided with exhaust port 6, an adding coke port 18 is arranged on one side of the combustion chamber 13, a slag removal port 16 is arranged on one side of the ash falling chamber 17, an adding coke door 5 is arranged on the adding coke port 18, a slag removal port door 4 is arranged on the slag removal port 16, a flue gas inlet 15 is arranged on the other side of the ash falling chamber 17, the flue gas inlet 15 is connected with an induced draft fan 2, and the induced draft fan 2 is connected with one end of a boiler flue connecting pipe 3;

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is a cylinder, the volume of which is determined according to the size of the boiler, taking a one-ton boiler as an example: the diameter of the section of the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is 50 cm, the height of a combustion chamber 13 is 50 cm, the height of an ash falling chamber 17 is 20 cm, the height of a heat flow box 9 is 20 cm, and the height of coke added during production is 30 cm;

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the installation method of the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps: when the device is installed, the energy-saving emission-reducing device is arranged in a furnace wall cavity of a coal-fired boiler, the boiler flue connecting pipe 3 is connected with a flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the coke adding port 18, the slag removing port 16, the smoke exhaust port 6 and the smoke inlet 15 are communicated with the outside of the furnace wall of the coal-fired boiler;

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the use method of the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is as follows: coke is fed onto a fire bar 14 of a hearth from a coke adding port 18, the coke is ignited, when the combustion value of the coke reaches 800 ℃, an induced draft fan 2 is started, at the moment, harmful substances such as carbon black, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide which are not burnt out and generated by a coal-fired boiler pass through a boiler flue connecting pipe 3 and the induced draft fan 2, and after the harmful substances such as the carbon black, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the carbon monoxide are temporarily remained in a combustion chamber 13 and are dissipated through pyrolysis, clean flue gas enters a flue gas heat flow box 9 through a flue gas exhaust pipe 12 and is exhausted through a flue gas exhaust port 6;

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler can be communicated with a flue of the existing coal-fired boiler to complete the energy-saving emission-reducing transformation of the existing coal-fired boiler, and can also be directly used as a part of the coal-fired boiler when the coal-fired boiler is newly manufactured and installed in the coal-fired boiler, so that the newly manufactured coal-fired boiler can achieve the energy-saving emission-reducing novel coal-fired boiler; the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is not only suitable for the coal-fired boiler, but also suitable for a biomass fuel boiler.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a coal fired boiler's energy saving and emission reduction device, includes casing, draught fan, boiler flue connecting pipe, characterized by: the casing include casing outer wall and shells inner wall, casing outer wall and casing inner wall constitute the cooling intermediate layer between, cooling intermediate layer and coal fired boiler water jacket intercommunication, shells inner wall in be provided with flue gas thermal current case, flue gas damping layer, combustion chamber, fire bars and ash falling chamber, flue gas damping layer in the equipartition have logical cigarette calandria, shells inner wall with flue gas damping layer upper portion between constitute flue gas thermal current case, flue gas damping layer lower part with the fire bars between constitute the combustion chamber, fire bars lower part with the casing inner wall between constitute ash falling chamber, one side of flue gas thermal current case be provided with the gas port of discharging fume, one side of combustion chamber be provided with and add the coke mouth, one side of ash falling chamber be provided with the slag removal mouth, add the coke mouth on have the coke door, the slag removal mouth on have the slag removal mouth, the opposite side of ash falling bore have a flue gas inlet, flue gas inlet connect the draught fan, the draught fan connect the one end of boiler flue connecting pipe.

2. The energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is a cylinder, the diameter of the cross section of the energy-saving emission-reducing device of the coal-fired boiler is 50 cm, the height of a combustion chamber is 50 cm, the height of an ash falling chamber is 20 cm, the height of a heat flow box is 20 cm, and the height of coke added during production is 30 cm.

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