CN115200024A - Low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system and method - Google Patents

Low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115200024A
CN115200024A CN202210694531.XA CN202210694531A CN115200024A CN 115200024 A CN115200024 A CN 115200024A CN 202210694531 A CN202210694531 A CN 202210694531A CN 115200024 A CN115200024 A CN 115200024A
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oxygen
flue gas
enriched
air
pipeline
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朱传强
孙亭亭
茹晋波
谢兴旺
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Everbright Envirotech China Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Research Institute Nanjing Co Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Everbright Envirotech China Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Research Institute Nanjing Co Ltd
Everbright Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Shenzhen Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210694531.XA priority Critical patent/CN115200024A/en
Publication of CN115200024A publication Critical patent/CN115200024A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for returning flue gases to the combustion chamber or to the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched high-efficiency clean waste incineration system and method, which comprises pressure swing adsorption of O 2 Separator, smoke-steam heat exchanger, incinerator, exhaust-heat boiler, semi-dry reaction tower and bag-type dust remover, and the whole combustion processIs divided into three stages of 'anaerobic drying/pyrolysis', 'solid phase product air combustion' and 'gas phase product oxygen-enriched burnout', and the flue gas is separated and then used for O 2 Introducing secondary air to perform oxygen-enriched combustion and CO 2 Adding primary air to react and fully utilize. The invention ensures the stable operation of the pyrolysis stage and fully utilizes the moisture/CO 2 Reacts with carbon in the garbage to generate a large amount of reducing gas to fully realize CO 2 The formation of reducing atmosphere is promoted, and the generation amount of NOx in the combustion process is effectively reduced; o after pressure swing adsorption 2 The full use realizes the segmentation and arranges, has strengthened the mixture with burning the flue gas, guarantees gaseous phase abundant burning, and oxygen boosting high temperature melting has effectively solved the problem of burning furnace throat coking.

Description

Low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system and method, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection.
Background
NO x Photochemical smog can be formed, the health and life of human beings are threatened, the national requirements on the emission of smoke pollutants are stricter and stricter, the denitration process is also increasingly complex, the SCR process is adopted for denitration, the waste catalyst needs to be treated as hazardous waste, and the cost is increasingly high. At present, under the policy of double carbon, the power plant urgently needs to reduce the operation cost, reduce the power consumption of the plant and CO 2 And (4) discharging. It is therefore imperative to develop an efficient and clean process scheme that controls the formation of NOx and the amount of flue gas from the source.
The patent with publication number CN113464950A extracts the flue gas with the temperature of 220-350 ℃ from the side surface or the upper part of the waste heat boiler of the economizer section and returns the flue gas to the furnace for cyclic utilization, wherein the flue gas contains a large amount of substances such as dust heavy metal and the like, the flue gas is easy to corrode, and the flue gas of the primary air contains O 2 And three-section air distribution and air mixing are also neededThe first two sections of air distribution in the patent adopt oxygen-free gas heat carrier for drying and pyrolysis, thus ensuring higher reducing atmosphere 2 The reaction with carbon in the garbage can be further realized, the generation of more pyrolysis gas is promoted, and the NOx is reduced to the maximum extent.
The patent with publication number CN112781049A discloses a household garbage incinerator applying combined type efficient low NOx combustion and a combustion method, a plurality of primary air nozzles (11) and recirculation flue gas jet nozzles are mainly arranged in a hearth, a recirculation nozzle is arranged at the tail of the incinerator, and gas product mixing is promoted to reduce NOx 2 The flue gas greatly ensures that the whole incinerator is filled with reducing gas, and the secondary air adopts a method of arranging oxygen-enriched air, so that NOx and CO are reduced while the flue gas amount is reduced 2 The concentration is simultaneously reduced.
The patent with publication number CN112503535A extends the smoke at the tail of the draught fan to the throat of the incinerator, the recirculated smoke is introduced into the incinerator as secondary air, the over-fire air pipeline is positioned above the connection point of the recirculated smoke pipeline and the incinerator, the regulation of the primary air is not involved, and the secondary air is diluted, so that the CO is easily overproof. This patent is burning furnace outlet adoption oxygen boosting air, has not only reduced the flue gas volume of burning, can also guarantee that gaseous phase result fully burns out, and the high temperature that the oxygen boosting produced simultaneously can also restrain the coking problem of throat.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are that the traditional garbage incineration system has larger primary air proportion, so that NOx is generated higher, and the inherent characteristics of a grate furnace cause that the carbon content of ash exceeds the standard frequently and the burnout rate of garbage cannot meet the standard. CO in the generated flue gas 2 Nor is it utilized. The flue gas treatment cost is high, the economic benefit of the power plant is not high, and the low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient clean waste incineration system and method are provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched high-efficiency clean garbage incineration system comprises pressure swing adsorption O 2 The system comprises a separator, a flue gas fan, a flue gas steam heat exchanger, an incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag-type dust collector, an induced draft fan, a chimney, an oxygen-enriched fan, an oxygen-enriched pipeline and an oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline;
pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator, the flue gas fan, the flue gas steam heat exchanger, the incinerator, the waste heat boiler, the semi-dry reaction tower, the bag-type dust collector and the induced draft fan are sequentially connected by pipelines;
induced draft fan and pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separators are respectively connected to the chimney through pipelines;
pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator is connected to the incinerator through an oxygen-enriched pipeline, oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline one end is connected to the oxygen-enriched pipeline, the other end is connected in the incineration room of the waste heat boiler, and the oxygen-enriched air is pumped into the air from the incineration room and is mixed with pure oxygen to configure the oxygen-enriched air with certain concentration, and an oxygen-enriched fan is installed on the oxygen-enriched pipeline.
As a further preferable scheme, the incinerator comprises a furnace body, an oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline, a primary air pipeline and an oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline, wherein the furnace body comprises a feed inlet at the side part and a flue gas outlet at the upper part, the flue gas outlet is communicated with a waste heat boiler, the bottom of the furnace body is provided with an inclined plane, the inclined plane is provided with five units from top to bottom, the five units are respectively a first unit, a second unit, a third unit, a fourth unit and a fifth unit, each unit corresponds to one air pipe and is respectively a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section, each air pipe is provided with a fan, one end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline is connected with a flue gas steam heat exchanger, the other end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline is respectively communicated with the first section, the second section and the third section, the primary air pipeline is respectively communicated with the third section, the fourth section and the fifth section, one end of the oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline is connected to the oxygen-enriched air pipeline, and the other end of the oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline is communicated with the flue gas outlet.
As a further preferable scheme, the flue gas outlet is provided with an oxygen-enriched air inlet and an oxygen-enriched air outlet, the oxygen-enriched air supplementing and distributing pipeline is respectively communicated with the oxygen-enriched air inlet and the oxygen-enriched air outlet, and the air volume ratio of the oxygen-enriched air inlet to the oxygen-enriched air outlet is 3:7.
as a further preferred option, O in the oxygen-enriched conduit 2 The concentration is more than 95%.
As a further preferred option, the flue gas temperature entering the incinerator at the flue gas vapour heat exchanger is 250 ℃.
An incineration method of a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched high-efficiency clean waste incineration system comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the oxygen-enriched fan extracts a part of smoke in the chimney to enter the pressure swing adsorption O 2 A separator of O 2 Separating with oxygen-free flue gas, wherein the residual substances in the oxygen-free flue gas are mainly N 2 CO 2 And H 2 O；
Step two: after being sucked by a smoke fan, the oxygen-free smoke is heated to 250 ℃ from 120 ℃ by a smoke steam heat exchanger;
step three: the heated oxygen-free flue gas enters a first section and a second section of the incinerator to ensure that drying and partial pyrolysis are carried out under the oxygen-free condition;
step four: the third unit is introduced with air and a small amount of anaerobic flue gas according to the traditional garbage incineration mode, the over-air coefficient is controlled to be 0.3-0.5, the radiant heat is transferred to the second unit when the second unit is subjected to partial combustion and pyrolysis, and high-concentration CO is ensured to be generated in the pyrolysis process of the second unit 2 Reacting with C in the garbage, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
C+CO 2 ＝2CO
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2
further, not only the reducing gas itself but also CO are pyrolyzed 2 、H 2 O further generates a large amount of reducing gas;
step five: sufficient air is introduced into the fourth unit, the coefficient of the excess air is about 1.1, and a part of area of the fifth unit enters a stage of solid-phase product air combustion to be fully combusted, so that a large amount of NO is generated, and the NO reacts with reducing gas generated by the second unit and the third unit in an incineration hearth to reduce NOx and simultaneously react with CO to reduce NOx 2 A large amount of consumption;
step six: the gas containing part of unburned components is fully combusted at the upper part of the incinerator in oxygen-enriched combustion stage, and O is adsorbed by pressure swing 2 The oxygen separated by the separator is sucked by an oxygen enrichment fan and is divided into two paths to be sprayed to the upper part of the incinerator, the proportion of the upper path is 10-30 percent, and the proportion of the lower path is 90-70 percent; the opening degree of a valve of an oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline is properly opened according to indexes of pollutants in the flue gas, and a proper amount of air is supplemented from an incineration room, so that oxygen-enriched combustion is still ensured (the oxygen concentration is more than 30%); when fully burning the unburnt gas, the gas-phase combustion improves the temperature of the throat part, thereby inhibiting the coking phenomenon of the throat part of the garbage incinerator to a great extent and further ensuring the discharge to reach the standard of dioxin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can inhibit NO in the smoke from the source x To meet emission standards and reduce CO 2 The process route for discharging, improving the heat efficiency of the power plant boiler and reducing the smoke quantity has the following advantages.
(1) The introduction of anaerobic flue gas in the first section and the second section of the incinerator enhances the garbage drying process, ensures the stable proceeding of the pyrolysis stage, and makes full use of moisture and CO 2 A large amount of reducing gas is generated through reaction, so that the recycling of CO2 and the formation of reducing atmosphere are fully realized, and the generation amount of NOx in the combustion process is effectively reduced; the third section of flue gas and the mixed access of air in grate position department not only provide partial heat for the garbage pyrolysis, provide the guarantee for the stable burning of fourth unit, realize high-efficient clean burning, are favorable to simultaneously that the C content in the lime-ash reaches standard.
(2) O after pressure swing adsorption 2 Make full use of realizes the segmentation and arranges, has strengthened and has burned the mixture of flue gas, guarantees gaseous phase abundant burning, and oxygen boosting high temperature melting has effectively solved the problem of burning furnace throat coking, simultaneously greatly reduced whole burning system's flue gas volume, reduce the power consumption of draught fan, the formation concentration of pollutant has realized burning to rubbish low carbon energy-conserving high-efficient cleanness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a waste incineration low-carbon and low-nitrogen system of the invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a garbage incinerator air distribution system.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The traditional garbage incineration system has the defects that the primary air proportion is large, the generation of NOx is high due to an excess air system is between 1.6 and 1.8, the carbon content of ash and slag often exceeds the standard due to the inherent characteristics of a grate furnace, and the burnout rate of garbage cannot meet the standard. CO in the generated flue gas 2 Nor is it utilized. The flue gas treatment cost is high, the economic benefit of the power plant is not high, particularly after the double-carbon target is released, the national complement is not enjoyed any more after the biomass power plant runs for 82500 hours or 15 years, and the energy conservation and emission reduction of the waste incineration power plant are urgent.
In the conventional garbage incineration process, namely after garbage is put into a furnace, after primary air incineration and secondary air burnout, smoke enters a waste heat boiler through a first flue and a second flue, absorbs heat, enters a semi-dry reaction tower for deacidification treatment, and is emptied through a draught fan after dust is removed through a bag-type dust remover. The combustion process can generate high concentration of NOx and serious pollution.
The technological principle of the method is that firstly, the reaction atmosphere of different areas of the grate is controlled, and the garbage combustion process is divided into three stages of anaerobic drying/pyrolysis, solid-phase product air combustion and gas-phase product oxygen-enriched burnout. The invention provides a high-efficiency clean low-carbon low-nitrogen system for a waste incineration power plant, which has the following process principle: the garbage with high water content is firstly subjected to anaerobic drying/pyrolysis to generate semicoke with low water content or no water and reducing volatile matters (including water vapor, tar, pyrolysis gas and the like); the garbage semicoke has good inflammability, and after the garbage semicoke is mixed with flue gas generated by primary air combustion and pyrolysis volatile matters, NOx contained in the flue gas is converted into tar and H by the volatile matters 2 Reduction of reducing components such as CO to N 2 Thereby reducing the initial NO of the combustion process x The amount of production; and the unburned volatile matter is contacted with secondary oxygen-enriched air again to be completely combusted.
The invention relates to a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system, which comprises a pressure swing adsorption O 2 The system comprises a separator 10, a flue gas-steam heat exchanger 9, an incinerator 11, a waste heat boiler 12, a semi-dry reaction tower 13, a bag-type dust remover 14, a chimney 16, an oxygen-enriched pipeline 17 and an oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline 5;
as shown in FIG. 1, pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator 10, the flue gas fan 3, the flue gas steam heat exchanger 9, the incinerator 11, the waste heat boiler 12, the semi-dry reaction tower 13, the bag-type dust remover 14 and the induced draft fan 15 are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the flue gas steam heat exchanger 9 is connected with the incinerator 11 through an oxygen-free flue gas charging pipeline 6;
the draught fan 15 is connected to the chimney 16 through a pipeline and absorbs O through pressure swing 2 The separator 10 is connected to the flue gas intake 1 of the chimney 16 by means of a flue gas duct 2;
pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator 10 is connected to the upper part of the incinerator 11 through an oxygen-enriched pipeline 17, one end of an oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline 5 is connected to the oxygen-enriched pipeline 17, and an oxygen-enriched fan 4 is installed on the oxygen-enriched pipeline 17.
The incinerator 11 comprises a furnace body 18, an oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline 19, a primary air pipeline 20 and an oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline 21, wherein the furnace body 18 comprises a feed inlet 22 at the side part and a flue gas outlet 23 at the upper part, the flue gas outlet 23 is communicated with a flue to enter the waste heat boiler 12, the bottom of the furnace body 18 is provided with an inclined plane, the inclined plane is provided with five air pipes from top to bottom respectively, the five air pipes are respectively a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section, each air pipe is provided with a fan, one end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline 19 is connected with a flue gas steam heat exchanger 9, the other end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline is communicated to the first section, the second section and the third section respectively, the primary air pipeline 20 is communicated to the third section, the fourth section and the fifth section respectively, one end of the oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline 21 is connected to the oxygen-enriched pipeline 17, and the other end of the flue gas outlet 23 (the throat part of the incinerator).
Specifically, an oxygen-enriched air inlet 8 and an oxygen-enriched air outlet 7 are arranged at a flue gas outlet 23 (the throat part of the incinerator), an oxygen-enriched air supplementing and distributing pipeline 21 is respectively communicated with the oxygen-enriched air inlet 8, the oxygen-enriched air outlet 7, the oxygen-enriched air inlet 8 and the oxygen-enriched air outlet 7; wherein, install flue gas fan 3 on the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline 19 and be used for discharging the oxygen-free flue gas into burning furnace 11, and the supporting flue gas vapor heat exchanger 9 that has on the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline 19, the oxygen-free flue gas temperature generally is about 130 ℃, after 25 heat exchanges, the temperature can reach 220 ~ 250 ℃, guarantee that the oxygen-free flue gas gets into to burn burning furnace and can fully dry and the pyrolysis, supporting the air preheater 24 on the air pipe way 20, air preheater 24 mainly heats the air, guarantee in third, fourth and fifth section, can take place abundant combustion reaction to the solid phase product, guarantee that burning furnace operating mode is stable and rubbish burn-off rate is up to standard, supporting oxygen boosting fan 4 on the oxygen boosting air distribution pipeline 21.
Pressure swing adsorption of O 2 Separator 10 separates O into oxygen-rich conduit 17 2 The concentration is more than 95%.
The temperature of the flue gas entering the incinerator 11 after being heated by the flue gas steam heat exchanger 9 is 250 ℃.
Traditional primary air distribution system: the waste incineration system consists of a flue gas and steam heat exchanger, a primary air fan and a primary air distribution pipeline, wherein primary air is divided into five sections for distribution through the induced draft fans from (1) to (5) to provide oxygen for waste incineration. The first section of the incinerator is subjected to anaerobic drying, and the second section of the incinerator is subjected to partial anaerobic pyrolysis, so that the two-section excess air coefficient is basically 0, and the generation amount of pyrolysis gas is greatly increased. The third section adopts the mode of air and anaerobic flue gas mixing, can guarantee the temperature of whole pyrolysis section, provides a large amount of radiant heats for the second section rubbish again, guarantees that the pyrolysis process is complete, and the rubbish partially burns that catches fire simultaneously, has guaranteed that the semicoke after the pyrolysis gets into the fourth section after, can normally catch fire, gets into complete combustion, and the burn-off section of fifth section has further guaranteed the burn-off of carbon residue. As part of carbon and oxygen-free flue gas also react in the first three sections, the air quantity required in the fourth section and the fifth section is less than that required in the traditional combustion process, and the whole combustion process can be ensured. And a large amount of substances such as pyrolysis gas, tar and the like are generated by the oxygen-free flue gas, and after the flue gas combusted in the fourth section and the fifth section is mixed, a part of NOx is reduced, and then the NOx is completely combusted by the oxygen-enriched air supplementing system. The oxygen-enriched air supplementing system is divided into an upper path and a lower path, and the gas burnout and the smoke pollution are further ensured by adjusting the proportion of the air distribution of the two pathsThe material is further reduced. The air volume ratio of the upper path to the lower path is preferably 3:7, not only ensures full combustion, but also further promotes reducing gases (CO and NH) through disturbance of large air volume of a lower path i And CN, etc.) with NOx, reducing its production at the source. Through the high temperature that oxygen boosting meteorology burning produced, can melt the burnt piece in throat, can effectively solve the coking problem of waste incinerator throat, reduce the number of times of blowing out, prolong waste incineration's operating duration, improve economic benefits. Meanwhile, oxygen-enriched combustion is adopted, and the air quantity used by the whole body is much less than that used by the traditional combustion, so that the flue gas quantity is reduced by 15-30% compared with the traditional combustion, the frequency and the power consumption of a draught fan are reduced, the NOx generation quantity is reduced by 35-60%, and the CO generation quantity is reduced by 35-60% 2 The total emission amount is reduced by 10-15%, and low-carbon, energy-saving, high-efficiency and clean incineration of the garbage is realized.
The invention relates to an incineration method of a low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched high-efficiency clean waste incineration system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: by extracting a part of the flue gas in the chimney 16 to enter the pressure swing adsorption O 2 A separator 10 for separating O 2 And separating oxygen-free smoke;
step two: after being sucked by a smoke fan 3, the oxygen-free smoke passes through a smoke vapor heat exchanger 9 and is heated from 120 ℃ to 250 ℃;
step three: the heated oxygen-free flue gas enters a first section and a second section of the incinerator 11 to ensure drying and partial pyrolysis under the oxygen-free condition;
step four: the third unit is introduced with air and a small amount of anaerobic flue gas according to the traditional garbage incineration mode, the over-air coefficient is controlled to be 0.3-0.5, the radiant heat is transferred to the second unit when the second unit is subjected to partial combustion and pyrolysis, and high-concentration CO is ensured to be generated in the pyrolysis process of the second unit 2 Reacting with C in the garbage, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
C+CO 2 ＝2CO
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2
further, the reducing gas contained in the pyrolysis product itself is pyrolyzed, and CO is also passed 2 、H 2 O is further produced in large quantitiesA reducing gas;
step five: sufficient air is introduced into the fourth unit, the coefficient of the excess air is about 1.1, and a part of area of the fifth unit enters a stage of solid-phase product air combustion to be fully combusted, so that a large amount of NO is generated, and the NO reacts with reducing gas generated by the second unit and the third unit in an incineration hearth to reduce NOx and simultaneously react with CO to reduce NOx 2 A large amount of consumption;
step six: the gas having interacted contains partial unburned components, and is subjected to "oxygen-enriched combustion stage" at the upper part of the incinerator 11 for full combustion, and pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The oxygen separated by the separator 10 is sucked by the oxygen-enriched fan 4 and is divided into two paths to be sprayed to the upper part of the incinerator 11, the proportion of the upper path is 10-30%, and the proportion of the lower path is 90-70%; the valve opening of the oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline 5 is properly opened according to the indexes of pollutants in the flue gas, and a proper amount of air is supplemented from the incineration room, so that oxygen-enriched combustion is still ensured; when the unburned gas is fully combusted, the temperature of the throat part is improved due to gas-phase combustion, the phenomenon of coking of the throat part of the garbage incinerator is inhibited to a great extent, and meanwhile, the standard emission of dioxin is further ensured.
Example 1
The design idea is adopted to treat the 300t/d garbage incinerator with the smoke gas amount of 50000Nm 3 H, initial NOx emission value of 350mg/Nm 3 . After the process transformation of the patent is implemented, 10000Nm are extracted from the tail part of the induced draft fan 3 The volume of the flue gas per hour enters a pressure swing adsorption oxygen separator, the oxygen-free flue gas is introduced into the first unit and the second unit of the primary air, the air volume of the third unit is reduced by 60%, and the fourth section and the fifth section are unchanged. In the gas-phase oxygen-enriched combustion stage, the proportion of the lower path wind to the upper path wind is 7:3, and the oxygen concentration is 45 percent. The initial value of NOx is 140-190 mg/Nm 3 Average value of 160mg/Nm 3 And the denitration efficiency is up to 54 percent. Reduction of smoke volume to 42000Nm 3 And the power consumption of the induced draft fan is reduced by 16 percent, and the annual running cost is saved by 67 ten thousand yuan.
Example 2
By adopting the design idea, the smoke amount of a certain 600t/d garbage incinerator is 120000Nm & lt 3 & gt/h, and the initial NOx emission value is 320mg/Nm & lt 3 & gt. After the process of the patent is implemented, the tail part of the induced draft fan is extracted30000Nm & lt 3 & gt/h of flue gas is taken to enter a pressure swing adsorption oxygen separator, anaerobic flue gas is introduced into a first unit and a second unit of primary air, a small amount of anaerobic flue gas is introduced into a third unit, the air amount is reduced to 50% of the original air amount, and the four sections and the five sections are unchanged. In the gas-phase oxygen-enriched combustion stage, the proportion of the lower air and the upper air is 8:2, and the oxygen concentration is 40%. The initial value of NOx is 132-195 mg/Nm 3 Average value of 172mg/Nm 3 And the denitration efficiency is as high as 46.25%. The smoke amount is reduced to 105000Nm 3 And the power consumption of the induced draft fan is reduced by about 18 percent, the economic benefit is obvious, and the annual running cost is saved by 135 ten thousand yuan.
The invention adopts a process design mode of low nitrogen, low carbon and oxygen enrichment, the whole combustion process is divided into three stages of 'anaerobic drying/pyrolysis', 'solid phase product air combustion' and 'gas phase product oxygen enrichment burnout', the first, second and third stages are dried and pyrolyzed, volatilization analysis is carried out, only solid semicoke combustion is left in the fourth stage, and incomplete combustion is further carried out in the fifth stage; specifically, the flue gas is separated to O 2 Introducing secondary air to perform oxygen-enriched combustion and CO 2 Adding primary air to react and fully utilize, drying and pyrolyzing the garbage by using oxygen-free flue gas, putting the primary air into the fourth unit and the fifth unit for semicoke combustion, using the oxygen-enriched combustion mode of mixing pure oxygen and air as secondary air, layering and distributing proportion to generate a large amount of reducing gas, fully realizing the recycling of CO2 and the formation of reducing atmosphere, effectively reducing the generation amount of NOx in the combustion process, and adding oxygen-free flue gas into the waste to dry and pyrolyze the waste to obtain the waste 2 Make full use of realizes the segmentation and arranges, has strengthened and has burned the mixture of flue gas, guarantees gaseous phase abundant burning, and oxygen boosting high temperature melting has effectively solved the problem of burning furnace throat coking, simultaneously greatly reduced whole burning system's flue gas volume, reduce the power consumption of draught fan, the formation concentration of pollutant has realized burning to rubbish low carbon energy-conserving high-efficient cleanness.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient clean msw incineration system of low nitrogen oxygen boosting which characterized in that: involving pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The system comprises a separator (10), a flue gas fan (3), a flue gas steam heat exchanger (9), an incinerator (11), a waste heat boiler (12), a semi-dry reaction tower (13), a bag-type dust collector (14), an induced draft fan (15), a chimney (16), an oxygen-enriched fan (4), an oxygen-enriched pipeline (17) and an oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline (5);
the pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator (10), the flue gas fan (3), the flue gas steam heat exchanger (9), the incinerator (11), the waste heat boiler (12), the semi-dry reaction tower (13), the bag-type dust collector (14) and the induced draft fan (15) are sequentially connected through pipelines;
the induced draft fan (15) and the pressure swing adsorption O 2 The separators (10) are respectively connected to a chimney (16) through pipelines;
the pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The separator (10) is connected to the incinerator (11) through an oxygen-enriched pipeline (17), one end of the oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline (5) is connected to the oxygen-enriched pipeline (17), the other end of the oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline is connected to the incineration room of the waste heat boiler (12), and the oxygen-enriched fan (4) is installed on the oxygen-enriched pipeline.
2. The low-nitrogen, oxygen-enriched, high-efficiency and clean waste incineration system of claim 1, wherein: the incinerator (11) comprises a furnace body (18), an oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline (19), a primary air pipeline (20) and an oxygen-enriched air supplementing air distribution pipeline (21), wherein the furnace body (18) comprises a feed inlet (22) on the side portion and a flue gas outlet (23) on the upper portion, the flue gas outlet (23) is communicated with a waste heat boiler (12), the bottom of the furnace body (18) is provided with an inclined plane, the inclined plane is provided with five units from top to bottom, the five units are respectively a first unit, a second unit, a third unit, a fourth unit and a fifth unit, each unit corresponds to one air pipe and is respectively a first section, a second section, a third section, a fourth section and a fifth section, each air pipe is provided with one fan, one end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline (19) is connected with a flue gas vapor heat exchanger (9), the other end of the oxygen-free flue gas air distribution pipeline is communicated with the first section, the second section and the third section, the primary air pipeline (20) is communicated with the third section, the fourth section and the fifth section, the oxygen-enriched air supplementing pipeline (21) one end of the oxygen-enriched air distribution pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet (23).
3. The low-nitrogen oxygen-rich high-efficiency clean waste incineration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: flue gas outlet (23) department has oxygen boosting wind inlet (8) and oxygen boosting wind inlet (7) that descends, oxygen boosting wind distribution pipeline (21) communicates oxygen boosting wind inlet (8) and oxygen boosting wind inlet (7) that descend respectively, and the amount of wind ratio 3 of oxygen boosting wind inlet (8) and oxygen boosting wind inlet (7) that descends: 7.
4. the low-nitrogen oxygen-rich high-efficiency clean waste incineration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: o in the oxygen-rich pipeline (17) 2 The concentration is more than 95%.
5. The low-nitrogen oxygen-rich high-efficiency clean waste incineration system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the temperature of the flue gas entering the incinerator (11) through the flue gas vapor heat exchanger (9) is 250 ℃.
6. The incineration method of the low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched high-efficiency clean waste incineration system according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a part of the flue gas in the chimney (16) is extracted by the oxygen-enriched fan (4) and enters the pressure swing adsorption O 2 A separator (10) for separating O 2 Separating with oxygen-free flue gas, wherein the residual substances in the oxygen-free flue gas are mainly N 2 CO 2 And H 2 O；
Step two: after being sucked by a flue gas fan (3), the oxygen-free flue gas passes through a flue gas steam heat exchanger (9) and is heated from 120 ℃ to 250 ℃;
step three: the heated oxygen-free flue gas enters a first section and a second section of the incinerator (11) to ensure that drying and partial pyrolysis are carried out under the oxygen-free condition;
step four: the third unit being conventional refuse incinerationThe mode is that air is introduced and a small amount of oxygen-free flue gas is also introduced, the air passing coefficient is controlled to be 0.3-0.5, the radiant heat is transferred to the second unit when partial combustion and pyrolysis are carried out, and high-concentration CO is ensured to be generated in the pyrolysis process of the second unit 2 Reacting with C in the garbage, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
C+CO 2 ＝2CO
C+H 2 O＝CO+H 2
further, not only the reducing gas itself but also CO are pyrolyzed 2 、H 2 O further generates a large amount of reducing gas;
step five: sufficient air is introduced into the fourth unit, the coefficient of the excess air is about 1.1, and a part of area of the fifth unit enters a stage of solid-phase product air combustion to be fully combusted, so that a large amount of NO is generated, and the NO reacts with reducing gas generated by the second unit and the third unit in an incineration hearth to reduce NOx and simultaneously react with CO to reduce NOx 2 A large amount of consumption;
step six: the gas having interacted contains partial unburned components, and is subjected to "oxygen-enriched combustion stage" at the upper part of the incinerator (11) for full combustion, and pressure swing adsorption of O 2 The oxygen separated by the separator (10) is sucked by an oxygen-enriched fan (4) and is divided into two paths to be sprayed to the upper part of the incinerator (11), the proportion of the upper path is 10-30 percent, and the proportion of the lower path is 90-70 percent; the valve opening of the oxygen-enriched air inlet pipeline (5) is properly opened according to the indexes of pollutants in the flue gas, and a proper amount of air is supplemented from the incineration chamber, so that oxygen-enriched combustion is still ensured; when the unburned gas is fully combusted, the temperature of the throat part is improved due to gas-phase combustion, the phenomenon of coking of the throat part of the garbage incinerator is inhibited to a great extent, and meanwhile, the standard emission of dioxin is further ensured.
CN202210694531.XA 2022-06-18 2022-06-18 Low-nitrogen oxygen-enriched efficient and clean waste incineration system and method Pending CN115200024A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117231987A (en) * 2023-11-14 2023-12-15 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Deep low-nitrogen combustion air distribution system suitable for garbage incinerator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117231987A (en) * 2023-11-14 2023-12-15 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Deep low-nitrogen combustion air distribution system suitable for garbage incinerator
CN117231987B (en) * 2023-11-14 2024-03-26 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Deep low-nitrogen combustion air distribution system suitable for garbage incinerator

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