CN210463758U - 一种用于深冷空分联产lng的装置 - Google Patents

一种用于深冷空分联产lng的装置 Download PDF

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CN210463758U
CN210463758U CN201920907376.9U CN201920907376U CN210463758U CN 210463758 U CN210463758 U CN 210463758U CN 201920907376 U CN201920907376 U CN 201920907376U CN 210463758 U CN210463758 U CN 210463758U
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heat exchange
natural gas
liquid nitrogen
exchange element
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张留瑜
薛永攀
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Hefei Wanhao Energy Equipment Co ltd
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及天然气生产技术领域，公开了一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，包括天然气流路系统，以及依次连通的空分流路系统、液氮流路系统和氮气分流管路组件，所述空分流路系统用于为液氮流路系统提供液氮，所述天然气流路系统上设有天然气热交换组件，所述液氮流路系统上设有用于为天然气热交换组件提供冷能的液氮热交换组件，使用空分装置生产的液氮作为天然气液化工序的冷源，克服了现有技术中流程复杂，压缩机选型困难的缺点，使用过后的氮气可以作为工厂自用气体，也可以将氮气充瓶售卖或通过管道传输至用户处，提高了整体效益。

Description

一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置
技术领域
本实用新型涉及液化天然气生产技术领域，具体涉及一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置。
背景技术
深冷空分装置：是指以空气为原料，通过压缩循环、深度冷冻的方法将空气液化后，再利用氧、氮、氩组分的沸点不同将它们分离的装置，深冷空分装置可以生产出较高纯度的气态或液态氧、氮、氩等产品。
LNG是指液化天然气，液化天然气的生产核心就是制冷及液化单元，现有技术中液化天然气有三种工艺：分别是膨胀制冷工艺、阶式制冷工艺以及混合冷剂制冷工艺。
膨胀制冷工艺是通过透平膨胀机实施等熵膨胀实现降温的目的。由于不同的制冷剂，膨胀制冷循环工艺有氮气膨胀制冷、氮-甲烷膨胀制冷和天然气膨胀制冷之分，膨胀制冷工艺主要是根据原料天然气的自身压力进行膨胀做功为液化天然气提供所需冷量。
阶式制冷工艺通常是由甲烷、乙烯与丙烷作为制冷剂形成的单独制冷系统，进行串联得到的循环，经过净化之后的天然气在制冷循环冷却器当中进行冷却、冷凝、液化操作，在经过节流降压之后得到常压低温的液态天然气。
混合冷剂制冷工艺是由阶式制冷工艺发展而来的，使用多种组分形成混合制冷剂代替阶式制冷当中的纯组分，制冷剂的组成由原料气的压力与组成决定的，根据多组分混合物存在重组分先冷凝以及轻组分后冷凝特点，进行冷凝、分离、节流与蒸发获得不一样温度的冷量。
阶式制冷工艺需设置多个压缩机组，但流程复杂，维护工作量大；膨胀制冷工艺，涉及压缩、膨胀过程，能耗较高，混合冷剂制冷工艺的制冷压缩机需专门的开发，且需要增设冷机回收系统以减小冷剂消耗和加快装置起动。
现有技术中三种主流工艺均只生产液态天然气一种产品，整体效益较差。
实用新型内容
为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型提供一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，使用空分装置生产的液氮作为天然气液化工序的冷源，克服了现有技术中流程复杂，压缩机选型困难的缺点，使用过后的氮气可以作为工厂自用气体，也可以将氮气充瓶售卖或通过管道传输至用户处，提高了整体效益。
为解决上述技术问题，本实用新型采用如下技术方案：
一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，包括天然气流路系统，以及依次连通的空分流路系统、液氮流路系统和氮气分流管路组件，所述空分流路系统用于为液氮流路系统提供液氮，所述天然气流路系统上设有天然气热交换组件，所述液氮流路系统上设有用于为天然气热交换组件提供冷能的液氮热交换组件。
进一步地，所述天然气热交换组件包括依次连通的前天然气热交换元件以及液化天然气热交换元件，所述液氮热交换组件包括依次连通的前液氮热交换元件以及低温氮气热交换元件，所述前液氮热交换元件用于为液化天然气热交换元件提供冷能，所述低温氮气热交换元件用于为前天然气热交换元件提供冷能。
进一步地，所述前天然气热交换元件和液化天然气热交换元件之间连通有重烃分离装置，所述重烃分离装置用于从天然气中分离出重烃杂质。
进一步地，所述重烃分离装置连通有重烃输送管道，所述重烃输送管道上设有重烃热交换元件，所述重烃热交换元件用于为前天然气热交换元件提供冷能。
进一步地，所述液氮流路系统包括设置于前液氮热交换元件之前且依次连通的液氮贮槽以及液氮泵。
进一步地，所述空分流路系统包括依次连通的氮气返流管道、空分装置以及液氮输送管道，所述液氮输送管道与液氮流路系统连通，所述氮气返流管道与氮气分流管路组件连通。
进一步地，所述氮气分流管路组件包括维护管路、高压氮气管路以及常压氮气管路，所述高压氮气管路上设有增压机。
进一步地，所述前天然气热交换元件、液化天然气热交换元件、前液氮热交换元件以及低温氮气热交换元件为绕管式换热器或盘管式换热器。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型的有益技术效果是：
1. 通过液氮冷却的方式对天然气进行液化处理，解决了天然气液化设备中工艺复杂、能耗高、液化设备选型困难的问题。
2. 采用绕管式换热器以及盘管式散热器，提高了装置的抗冻堵能力。
3. 使用液氮贮槽和空分装置双液氮供给系统，降低了液氮供给异常导致整个天然气液化装置停机的风险，提高了天然气液化装置的安全性和稳定性。
4. 生产的液氮不仅能为天然气液化装置提供冷能，用过之后的氮气可以作为工厂自用气体，还可以将氮气充瓶售卖或通过管道传输至用户处，提高了整体效益，解决了小型液化装置因为规模较小造成的低收益问题。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型的一种优选实施方式作详细的说明。
如图1所示，一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，包括天然气流路系统，以及依次连通的空分流路系统、液氮流路系统和氮气分流管路组件，所述空分流路系统用于为液氮流路系统提供液氮，所述天然气流路系统上设有天然气热交换组件，所述液氮流路系统上设有用于为天然气热交换组件提供冷能的液氮热交换组件，液氮流路系统中的液氮在流经液氮热交换组件后膨胀气化，并通过氮气分流管路组件将多余氮气输送至其他位置，生产的液氮不仅能为天然气液化装置提供冷能，用过之后的氮气可以作为设备维护气体，还可以将氮气充瓶售卖或通过管道传输至用户处，提高了装置的效益，解决了小型液化装置因为规模较小造成的低收益问题。
如图1所示，所述天然气热交换组件包括依次连通的前天然气热交换元件34以及液化天然气热交换元件32，所述液氮热交换组件包括依次连通的前液氮热交换元件23以及低温氮气热交换元件24，所述前液氮热交换元件23用于为液化天然气热交换元件32提供冷能，所述低温氮气热交换元件24用于为前天然气热交换元件34提供冷能，液氮进入前液氮热交换元件并与液化天然气热交换元件进行热交换，液氮在前液氮热交换元件中会被加热到-65℃，此时液氮气化为低温氮气并进入低温氮气热交换元件，并与前天然气热交换元件产生热交换，低温氮气温度提升并成为常温氮气，从液氮流路系统流出。
如图1所示，所述前天然气热交换元件34和液化天然气热交换元件32之间连通有重烃分离装置33，所述重烃分离装置用于从天然气中分离出重烃杂质，天然气在液化前须对原料气进行净化处理，即脱除硫化氢、二氧化碳、水、汞、重烃等杂质，以其防损害装置和在降温过程中堵塞换热器、管道或阀门，原料天然气经初步净化处理后还含有重烃杂质，原料天然气进入天然气流路系统后，首先进入前天然气热交换元件34，原料天然气被低温氮气热交换元件24冷却至-55℃并进入重烃分离装置33，所述重烃分离装置将从原料天然气中分离出液相重烃和气相脱烃天然气，脱烃天然气进入液化天然气热交换元件32后被前液氮热交换元件23冷却至-162℃，成为液化天然气，上述液化天然气节流后进入LNG贮槽31外送。
如图1所示，所述重烃分离装置33连通有重烃输送管道35，所述重烃输送管道上设有重烃热交换元件36，所述重烃热交换元件用于为前天然气热交换元件34提供冷能，重烃分离装置分离出的液相重烃通过重烃输送管道35进入重烃热交换元件，液相重烃自身温度较低，重烃热交换元件与前天然气热交换元件发生热交换，液相重烃被加热为液化石油气产品，可以将上述液化石油气产品回收，提升了设备的整体效益，重烃输送管道上设置的重烃热交换元件可以充分利用液相重烃自身温度较低的特点，重烃热交换元件可以为前天然气热交换元件提供冷能，充分利用了现有资源，提高了装置的整体效益。
如图1所示，所述液氮流路系统包括设置于前液氮热交换元件之前且依次连通的液氮贮槽21以及液氮泵22，所述液氮泵用于为液氮加压，提高液氮的降温效果，所述液氮流路系统通过空分流路系统以及液氮贮槽两种液氮源供给，当空分流路系统发生设备故障或管道堵塞时，可以开启液氮贮槽，使用液氮贮槽和空分流路系统双液氮供给系统，降低了液氮供给异常导致整个天然气液化装置停机的风险，提高了天然气液化装置的安全性和稳定性。
如图1所示，所述空分流路系统包括依次连通的氮气返流管道12、空分装置11以及液氮输送管道13，所述液氮输送管道与液氮流路系统连通，所述氮气返流管道与氮气分流管路组件连通，从液氮流路系统流出的氮气在供给其他管路后仍有富余的情况下，会通过氮气返流管道进入空分装置，氮气在空分装置内会被重新压缩为液氮，充分利用了现有设备，避免资源浪费，提高了设备整体效益。
如图1所示，所述氮气分流管路组件包括维护管路43、高压氮气管路41以及常压氮气管路42，所述高压氮气管路上设有增压机，所述氮气分流管路组件包括维护管路、高压氮气管路以及常压氮气管路，所述高压氮气管路上设有用于为氮气加压的增压机，氮气流出液氮流路系统后分三路：一路进入维护管路，维护管路中的氮气作为前处理单元、净化单元、液化单元的密封气、全厂的保安氮气和异常状态下的仪表用气使用；一路进入常压氮气管路，常压氮气管路中的氮气外输至用户处供其使用，第三路进入高压氮气管路，高压氮气管路中的氮气经过增压机加压至充瓶压力后进行充瓶，并作为瓶装氮气外售。
如图1所示，所述前天然气热交换元件34、液化天然气热交换元件32、前液氮热交换元件23以及低温氮气热交换元件24为绕管式换热器或盘管式换热器，绕管式换热器和盘管式散热器的热交换面积大，提高了装置的抗冻堵能力。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本实用新型不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本实用新型的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本实用新型。因此无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本实用新型的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本实用新型内，不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为了清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于，包括天然气流路系统，以及依次连通的空分流路系统、液氮流路系统和氮气分流管路组件，所述空分流路系统用于为液氮流路系统提供液氮，所述天然气流路系统上设有天然气热交换组件，所述液氮流路系统上设有用于为天然气热交换组件提供冷能的液氮热交换组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述天然气热交换组件包括依次连通的前天然气热交换元件（34）以及液化天然气热交换元件（32），所述液氮热交换组件包括依次连通的前液氮热交换元件（23）以及低温氮气热交换元件（24），所述前液氮热交换元件（23）用于为液化天然气热交换元件（32）提供冷能，所述低温氮气热交换元件（24）用于为前天然气热交换元件（34）提供冷能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述前天然气热交换元件（34）和液化天然气热交换元件（32）之间连通有重烃分离装置（33），所述重烃分离装置用于从天然气中分离出重烃杂质。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述重烃分离装置连通有重烃输送管道（35），所述重烃输送管道上设有重烃热交换元件（36），所述重烃热交换元件用于为前天然气热交换元件（34）提供冷能。
5.根据权利要求2所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述液氮流路系统包括设置于前液氮热交换元件之前且依次连通的液氮贮槽（21）以及液氮泵（22）。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述空分流路系统包括依次连通的氮气返流管道（12）、空分装置（11）以及液氮输送管道（13），所述液氮输送管道与液氮流路系统连通，所述氮气返流管道与氮气分流管路组件连通。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述氮气分流管路组件包括维护管路（43）、高压氮气管路（41）以及常压氮气管路（42），所述高压氮气管路上设有增压机。
8.根据权利要求2所述的用于深冷空分联产LNG的装置，其特征在于：所述前天然气热交换元件（34）、液化天然气热交换元件（32）、前液氮热交换元件（23）以及低温氮气热交换元件（24）为绕管式换热器或盘管式换热器。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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