CN210377913U - Fresh air training system - Google Patents
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- CN210377913U CN210377913U CN201821871397.1U CN201821871397U CN210377913U CN 210377913 U CN210377913 U CN 210377913U CN 201821871397 U CN201821871397 U CN 201821871397U CN 210377913 U CN210377913 U CN 210377913U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a fresh air practical training system, which comprises a fresh air system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a fresh air system, wherein the fresh air system provides fresh air meeting the demand indoors, and the fresh air system provides electric energy for the fresh air system; and the photo-thermal system provides heat energy for the fresh air system. Solar energy is used to replace traditional energy sources. Under the extreme condition, the electric energy required by the system is provided by the photovoltaic power generation system, the heat energy required by the system is provided by the photo-thermal system, and the system can realize the functions of experimental practical training teaching and research development without external energy. In extreme cases, the system may be powered using a backup power supply. The system can also use the simulated light source to complete experimental training teaching and research and development work.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a teaching equipment makes technical field, especially relates to a real standard system of new trend.
Background
China puts forward and builds a modern energy system, deeply promotes the energy revolution, puts the force on promoting the energy production and utilization mode to change, optimizes the energy supply structure and improves the energy utilization efficiency. China simultaneously puts forward and promotes the synergetic development of Jingjin Ji. As is known, the Jingjin Ji area faces a serious environmental pollution problem, and the haze topic becomes a hot topic concerned by people. Therefore, the reduction of indoor pollution emission and the improvement of the quality of the indoor air are main ways for solving the haze problem and are eager expectations of the people.
Therefore, the development of energy professions in applied technology type colleges and universities is crucial to solve the above problems. In the present stage, mainly traditional experimental equipment and computer virtual simulation are taken as the main points, so that the development of energy major and the talent culture are seriously influenced. Therefore, the development of an experimental training system which is oriented to energy major, integrates an energy-saving technology and a new energy technology, and can realize different course requirements is particularly important for application technology type education.
In the existing energy experiment training equipment: the photovoltaic power generation experiment training equipment has a certain number, and is mainly used for measuring a volt-ampere characteristic curve, inverter characteristics, grid connection performance, power generation characteristics and the like of a photovoltaic system; the photothermal experiment training equipment is few, and the existing experiment training equipment in the market is almost used for testing a hot water system, testing a flat plate type heat collector, researching heat conversion experiments and the like; the experimental training equipment of the fresh air system is mainly an air system generally and is used for testing the air quantity, the air supply temperature and humidity of a building air conditioning system, calculating energy saving amount and the like. And right the utility model provides a real standard system of new trend is not the real standard system of relevant experiment.
The photovoltaic power generation system, the photo-thermal system and the independent fresh air system are important methods for energy conservation and emission reduction. And then combine the real standard system of novel experiment that forms together is the real standard equipment of comprehensive type experiment that the real standard course of energy type specialty experiment is urgently needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome prior art's is not enough, provides a real standard system of new trend, more is applicable to the real teaching and research and development of the real standard of daily experiment of energy class specialty student, can be used to the real standard system of the independent new trend experiment of reality under the circumstances that does not have any external power supply. The utility model provides a real standard system of experiment can satisfy the real teaching of instructing of the multiple type experiment of energy class specialty.
The utility model adopts the technical proposal that: the fresh air training system comprises a fresh air system and a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the fresh air system provides fresh air meeting the demand indoors, and the photovoltaic power generation system provides electric energy for the fresh air system; the photo-thermal system provides heat energy for the fresh air system;
the fresh air system comprises a simulated indoor space (18), outdoor fresh air is cooled and dehumidified by a direct expansion type air conditioning unit (16) and a refrigerating system thereof, then is heated by a reheater (17) which provides heat by a photo-thermal system, and then is mixed with return air which is processed by a fan coil unit (21), and finally the processed fresh air (12) is sent into the simulated indoor space (18);
the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a current sensor and a voltage sensor which are used for monitoring current and voltage, whether the system normally operates is judged through monitoring data, and data acquisition of the current and the voltage is realized; the multifunctional electric meter a (7) is used for calculating energy supply of photovoltaic power generation, carrying out data communication with the controller (9), and completing energy collection and conversion through the multifunctional electric meter a (7); the controller (9) controls the opening of the electronic expansion valve (13) and the frequency of the compressor (15) to meet the requirements of indoor temperature and humidity;
the photo-thermal system comprises a solar heat collector (22), the solar heat collector (22) converts solar energy into heat energy, the heat energy is used for heating water in a water tank (29), a heat collection water pump (27) provides circulating power, and the collected heat energy is stored in the water tank (29); hot water circulation is carried out through a hot water supply pump (32), so that the fresh air system provides reheating heat; the controller (9) collects indoor temperature and humidity signals and controls the opening of an electric regulating valve (34) on the heat supply loop according to temperature and humidity set values; a liquid level meter (30) is installed in the water tank (29), and the controller (9) determines whether water is required to be supplemented or not according to a liquid level signal.
The heat source of the solar heat collector (22) is the solar energy to replace the actual light source or the simulated light source (1).
And (3) adopting binary accurate control, namely: two sets of control systems are used in a matching way: one set of control system realizes the coarse control of the system by controlling the frequency of an electronic expansion valve (13) and a compressor (15) of the independent fresh air system, and further performs the preliminary control and adjustment; the other set of control system can adjust the heat supplied to the reheater (17) by controlling the opening degree of an electric control valve (34) of the photo-thermal system so as to realize the fine control of the system; the two systems are simultaneously controlled by the controller, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled within an accurate range.
The controller (9) is an active disturbance rejection controller, and an expansion module is reserved in the controller (9), so that a foundation is provided for subsequent expansion experiments and research and development.
The electric energy of the controller (9) is provided by a photovoltaic power generation system, and long-term self-powered off-grid reliable operation is realized in areas with sufficient solar energy
Has the advantages that: the utility model discloses combine together photovoltaic power generation system, light and heat system and independent new trend system and form comprehensive real standard system, the concrete performance is as follows:
1. solar energy is used to replace traditional energy sources. Under the extreme condition, the electric energy required by the system is provided by the photovoltaic power generation system, the heat energy required by the system is provided by the photo-thermal system, and the system can realize the functions of experimental practical training teaching and research development without external energy. In extreme cases, the system may be powered using a backup power supply. The system can also use the simulated light source to complete experimental training teaching and research and development work.
2. The utility model discloses a ADRC realizes the accurate control of the binary of system, relates to the system control method simultaneously, with indoor atmospheric control in higher precision range, has satisfied the demand of indoor higher thermal comfort degree, and controller experiment test and actual control system's installation, operation and debugging can be accomplished to this system.
3. The utility model discloses the system has the modularization, can dismantle characteristics such as. The device can be used for installation, debugging, operation, maintenance, test, calculation and numerical simulation of a photovoltaic power generation system, a photo-thermal system and an independent fresh air system. Students can design water systems, wind systems, electrical systems and control systems independently and complete connections.
4. The utility model discloses the system has control function and data acquisition function, and the student can independently design control system and also can use other control principle to control the system.
5. The utility model discloses the system uses engineering device, embodies actual photovoltaic system, light and heat system and independent new trend system completely, can be used for the demonstration and the teaching process of system, photovoltaic system, light and heat system and independent new trend system in the student's whole acquaintance actual engineering of being convenient for.
6. The utility model discloses the system can also be applied to the real teaching of instructing of experiment and research development of energy class specialty, is one set of real system of instructing of experiment that collects experiment test, real standard operation, scientific research development in an organic whole, and the real standard example of experiment that can realize is as follows:
1) a solar array energy conversion experiment;
2) performing a solar off-grid power generation system experiment;
3) a solar storage battery storage experiment;
4) an off-grid inverter research experiment;
5) carrying out a load characteristic experiment on the solar power generation system;
6) monitoring, running and designing experiments;
7) testing the quality of the electric energy;
8) experiments on the principle of solar heat collection energy conversion;
9) testing the characteristics of the solar heat collector;
10) experiment of influence of environment on photothermal conversion;
11) fresh air system experiment and test;
12) performing a system performance index experiment;
13) developing and testing a controller;
14) the electric control system is used for installation, operation and debugging experiment training;
15) training a programming experiment of the controller;
16) scientific research and development.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the precise control of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the accurate control block diagram of the present invention: (a) accurately controlling indoor temperature and humidity; (b) level control in water tank
Reference numerals: 1-actual light source or simulated light source, 2-solar array, 3-direct current stabilized power supply, 4-storage battery, 5-inverter, 6-charger, 7-multifunctional electric meter a, 8-standby power supply, 9-controller, 10-multifunctional electric meter b, 11-multifunctional electric meter c, 12-fresh air, 13-electronic expansion valve, 14-condenser, 15-compressor, 16-direct expansion air conditioning unit, 17-reheater, 18-simulated indoor space, 19-indoor temperature and humidity sensor, 20-air pipe, 21-fan coil unit, 22-solar heat collector, 23-temperature sensor a, 24-temperature sensor b, 25-air exhaust pipe, 26-water supply electromagnetic valve, 27-heat collecting water pump, 28-blow-down valve, 29-water tank, 30-liquid level meter, 31-electric heater, 32-heat supply water pump, 33-flow meter a, 34-electric regulating valve, 35-temperature sensor c, 36-temperature sensor d, 37-flow meter b, 38-mixing box.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses real standard system of new trend is by real standard system of photovoltaic power generation experiment, and real standard system of light and heat experiment, independent real standard system of new trend experiment constitute. The electric energy is provided by the photovoltaic power generation system, and the heat energy is provided by the photo-thermal system. The system can realize zero energy consumption under the condition of eliminating extreme conditions. The device of the fresh air practical training system comprises an actual light source or a simulated light source 1, a solar array 2, a direct current stabilized power supply 3, a storage battery 4, an inverter 5, a charger 6, a controller 9, a solar heat collector 22, a water tank 29, a heat collection water pump 27, a hot water supply pump 32 exhaust pipe 25, temperature sensors a23, b24, c35 and c36, flow meters a33 and b37, a liquid level meter 30, an indoor temperature and humidity sensor 19, multifunctional electric meters a7, b10 and c11, an electric control valve 34, a blow-off valve 28, a water supply electromagnetic valve 26, a direct expansion type air conditioning unit 16, a compressor 15, a condenser 14, an electronic expansion valve 13, a fan coil unit 21, a simulated indoor space 18, an air pipe 20 and the.
The solar array 2 converts solar energy (an actual light source or a simulated light source 1) into electric energy, a direct current breaker K1 and a direct current contactor KM1 are connected to a line between the solar array 2 and the direct current stabilized power supply 3, and a direct current voltage sensor V1 is connected in parallel; a direct current sensor A1, a direct current sensor A2, a direct current breaker K2 and a direct current contactor KM2 are connected in series with a line between the direct current stabilized power supply 3 and the inverter 5; the input end of the storage battery 4 is connected with a direct-current voltage sensor V2 in parallel, and the storage battery 4 provides 48V and 24V voltage for the system; the standby power supply 8 is connected with the storage battery 4 through an alternating current breaker K4, an alternating current contactor KM4 and a charger 6; an alternating current sensor A3 and an alternating voltage sensor V3 are connected to a line between the inverter 5 and the multifunctional electric meter a 7; an alternating current breaker K3 and an alternating current contactor KM3 are connected to a line between the multifunctional electric meter a7 and the controller 9; the standby power supply 8 is connected with the controller 9 through an alternating current breaker K5 and an alternating current contactor KM 5; after passing through the controller 9, the controller is connected with the required electric equipment and can realize the control function. The inverter 5 converts direct current into alternating current and then supplies power to the whole fresh air practical training system. For battery 4 charges when 2 electricity generation of solar array, photovoltaic system and battery 4 can be for the system provide the direct current and be used for system control and data transmission.
For preventing to produce the extreme condition that photovoltaic power generation system can't provide the electric energy, photovoltaic power generation system sets up stand-by power supply 8 and can directly do system power supply, also can charge for battery 4 through charger 6, guarantee battery 4's life, still can provide the direct current for the system and be used for control and data transmission.
The whole photovoltaic power generation system is provided with a plurality of circuit breakers, contactors and fuses, and can realize automatic control, manual control, remote control, modularized experiment training teaching, analysis and the like. The current sensor and the voltage sensor are used for monitoring current and voltage, whether the system normally operates is judged through monitoring data, and experimental practical training teaching such as data acquisition of current and voltage can be achieved. The multifunctional electric meter a7 is used for calculating energy supply of photovoltaic power generation and carrying out data communication with the controller 9, and experimental training links such as energy collection and conversion can be completed through the multifunctional electric meter a 7.
Under the condition of removing the extreme, photovoltaic power generation system does the system provides the electric energy. The actual light source or the simulated light source converts solar energy into light energy via the solar array 2. Subsequently, the unstable voltage is converted into a direct current by a direct current stabilized power supply 3 and connected to an inverter 5. The inverter 5 outputs 220V alternating current which is monitored by a multifunctional electric meter a7 to provide AC220V power for the system. The storage battery 4 is connected in parallel at the outlet of the direct-current stabilized power supply 3 and is connected with the direct-current power supply in parallel for supplying power, and the photovoltaic power generation system can charge the storage battery 4. The battery 4 and solar array may provide 48VDC and 24VDC power to the control system. In an extreme case, 220V commercial power can be used as a backup power supply 8 to convert alternating current into direct current through the charger 6 to directly charge the storage battery 4 or directly supply power to the system. Under the experimental training condition, the photovoltaic power generation system can be realized by using the simulated light source to replace solar energy. KM1～KM2 is a DC contactor, and is used for the controller 9 to control the on-off of the power supply loop, and the corresponding K1～K2 is a dc circuit breaker for manually breaking the supply circuit. KM3～KM5 is an AC contactor, used for the controller 9 to control the on-off of the power supply loop, and corresponding K3～K5 is an ac circuit breaker for manually breaking the power supply circuit. Fuses are installed at the inlet and the outlet of the inverter 5 for short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and overload protection. V1 and V2 are dc voltage sensors that detect the output voltage of the solar panel and the input voltage of the battery 4, respectively, and V3 is an ac voltage sensor that detects the output voltage of the inverter 5. A1 and a2 are dc current sensors that detect the output current of the dc stabilized power supply 3 and the input current of the inverter 5, respectively, and A3 is an ac current sensor that detects the output current of the inverter. The on/off of the photovoltaic power generation system is controlled by using the contactor and the circuit breaker, data is collected by using the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the multifunctional electric meter a7 to further calculate the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation system, and finally the measured and calculated data are collected by the controller 9, while mutual communication can be realized. Therefore, experimental practical training teaching such as installation, operation and debugging of the photovoltaic power generation system can be completed, and the photovoltaic power generation systemThe method comprises the following steps of current, voltage and electric quantity acquisition experiments, system electric energy calculation, electric energy quality analysis and other experiments.
A heat collection water inlet pipe and a heat collection water return pipe of the solar heat collector 22 are respectively communicated with the water tank 29, an exhaust pipe 25 and a temperature sensor a23 are arranged on the heat collection water inlet pipe, and a temperature sensor b24, a flow meter 33 and a heat collection water pump 27 are arranged on the heat collection water return pipe; the other side of the water tank 29 is connected with a heat supply water inlet pipe and a heat supply water return pipe, the heat supply water inlet pipe and the heat supply water return pipe are respectively connected with two ends of the reheater 17, the heat supply water inlet pipe is provided with a heat supply water pump 32, an electric regulating valve 34, a flow meter b37 and a temperature sensor c35, and the heat supply water return pipe is provided with a temperature sensor d 36.
The solar collector 22 converts solar energy (actual light source or simulated light source 1) into thermal energy. The heat energy is used for heating water in the water tank 29, the heat collection water pump 27 provides circulating power, and the collected heat energy is stored in the water tank 29.
The other loop of the water tank 29 is used for hot water circulation through a hot water supply pump 32, so that reheating heat is provided for the fresh air practical training system. The controller 9 collects indoor temperature and humidity signals and controls the opening of the electric regulating valve 34 on the heat supply loop according to temperature and humidity set values.
The heat collecting loop and the heat supply loop are respectively provided with temperature sensors a23, b24, c35 and c36 and flow meters a33 and b37, and are used for collecting and monitoring temperature, flow and energy data. A liquid level meter 30 is installed in the water tank 29, and the controller 9 determines whether water needs to be supplemented or not according to a liquid level signal.
All temperature sensors and flowmeters are communicated with the controller 9, and the photo-thermal experiment training link can be completed. In addition, the start and stop of the water pump can be controlled by two control methods, namely manual control and automatic control, and the experimental training link of the start and stop of the water pump can be completed.
Remove under the extreme condition, the light and heat system does the system provides heat energy. The actual light source or the simulated light source converts the solar energy into thermal energy via the solar collector 22. The heat collecting water pump 27 provides circulating power for the heat collecting loop. The heat collecting loop is also provided with an exhaust pipe 25, a flowmeter a33, a temperature sensor a23 and a temperature sensor b24, the exhaust pipe 25 is used for exhausting and decompressing, the flowmeter a33, the temperature sensor a23 and the temperature sensor b24 collect the flow of heat collecting water flow and the temperature of inlet and outlet water of the heat collector through the controller 9, and then heat collecting heat is calculated and obtained, so that the heat collecting loop of the photo-thermal system is realized. The heat of the system is stored in the water tank 29 through the heat collecting loop, and the heat in the water tank 29 is continuously transferred through the hot water supply pump 32. An electric regulating valve 34, a flow meter b37, a temperature sensor c35 and a temperature sensor d36 are also arranged on the heating loop. The electric regulating valve 34 receives the instruction of the controller 9 to control the opening degree, so that the temperature and humidity are accurately controlled. The flow meter b37, the temperature sensor c35 and the temperature sensor d36 collect the flow rate and the temperature of inlet and outlet water of hot supply water through the controller 9, and further calculate and obtain the heat quantity supplied to the reheater 17 of the independent fresh air system. The controller 9 thus collects the measured and calculated data and can communicate with each other. Also mounted in the water tank 29 are a level gauge 30, a water supply solenoid valve 26, a blow-down valve 28 and an electric heater 31. The controller 9 collects the liquid level data of the water tank 29 in real time, and automatically opens the water supply electromagnetic valve 26 for water supplement when the liquid level is too low. The blow-down valve 28 is a manual valve that requires periodic opening to drain the tank 29 of dirt and deposits. In an extreme case, the 220V commercial power can be used as the backup power supply 8 to supply power to the electric heater 31, and further provide heat energy for the photo-thermal system. Under the experimental training condition, the simulation light source can be used for replacing solar energy to realize the heat supply of the photo-thermal system. Therefore, experiment training teaching such as photo-thermal system installation, operation and debugging can be completed, and experiments such as photo-thermal system performance test, heat calculation, heat collector performance analysis and the like can be completed.
Independent new trend system mainly is indoor the new trend that satisfies the demand of providing to reach the requirement of indoor hot comfort level, realize the real teaching of instructing of experiment of new trend system. The outdoor fresh air 12 is cooled and dehumidified by the direct expansion type air conditioning unit 16 and the refrigeration system thereof, and is heated by the reheater 17 which provides heat by the photothermal system before being mixed with the return air in order to ensure the indoor temperature and humidity accuracy, and then is mixed with the return air processed by the fan coil unit 21, and finally the processed fresh air 12 is sent into the room.
The fresh outdoor air 12 passes through the air duct 20 and is directly connected with the air ductThe expansion type air conditioning unit 16 is connected with a refrigerating system thereof, and a dry bulb thermometer t is arranged on the air pipe 205Wet bulb thermometer tw5And an anemometer Ma5(ii) a The direct expansion type air conditioning unit 16 is connected with the reheater 17 through an air pipe 20, and a dry bulb thermometer t is installed on the air pipe 206Wet bulb thermometer tw6And an anemometer Ma6(ii) a The indoor return air is connected with a fan coil unit 21 through an air pipe 20; the fan coil unit is connected with the mixing box 38 through the air pipe 20; the reheater 17 is connected with the mixing box 38 through an air pipe 20, and a dry bulb thermometer t is arranged on the air pipe 207Wet bulb thermometer tw7And an anemometer Ma7(ii) a Mixing the treated fresh air 12 with the treated return air; the mixing box 38 is connected to the simulated indoor space 18 by the air duct 20.
The electric energy of the system is provided by a photovoltaic power generation system, and the heat energy of the system is provided by a photo-thermal system. The controller 9 can control the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 13 and the frequency of the compressor 15 in the system to meet the requirement of indoor temperature and humidity. The dry bulb thermometer and the wet bulb thermometer are used for measuring the temperature and the relative humidity value of each test point, and the anemometer is used for measuring the air volume of the independent fresh air system. Therefore, experimental practical training teaching such as experimental practical training of the fresh air system, experimental testing of the fresh air system, performance testing of the central air conditioning system and the like can be completed.
The independent fresh air system consists of a direct expansion type air conditioning unit 16, a compressor 15, a condenser 14, an electronic expansion valve 13, a fan coil unit 21, a simulated indoor space 18, an air pipe 20 and the like. Under the extreme condition of removing, all equipment of independent new trend system are supplied power by photovoltaic power generation system, are provided heat by the light and heat system. In the extreme, it is supplied by 220V mains. Independent new trend system mainly is indoor the new trend that satisfies the demand of providing to reach the requirement of indoor hot comfort level, realize the real teaching of instructing of experiment of new trend system. The outdoor fresh air 12 is cooled and dehumidified by a direct expansion type air conditioning unit 16 and a refrigerating system thereof, and is heated by a reheater 17 which provides heat by a photothermal system before being mixed with return air, and then is mixed with the return air processed by a fan coil in order to ensure the indoor temperature and humidity accuracy, and finally the processed fresh air 12 is sent into the room. In the independent new trend system, set up 4 experimental points. Respectively as follows: 0,2,3,6 points. And a group of dry bulb thermometers, wet bulb thermometers and anemometers are arranged at each test point and used for collecting and monitoring the temperature, the relative humidity and the air volume of each test point. In order to ensure the control accuracy of the system, the controller 9 will collect and compare the test point data in real time, and then be used for the simulation of the system, the heat balance calculation, and the like. The controller 9 can control the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 13 and the frequency of the compressor 15 in the system, so as to realize accurate control to meet the requirements of indoor temperature and humidity. Therefore, experimental training teaching such as experimental training of the fresh air system, experimental testing of the fresh air system, performance testing of the central air conditioning system, analog simulation experiments of the central air conditioning system, heat balance calculation and the like can be completed.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrical control system of the present invention includes an ADRC and a power supply system. The utility model discloses an electrical control system can obtain the electric energy supply, and then can provide the electric energy for entire system. The power includes AC220V, DC48V, and DC 24V.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to be right the utility model discloses the system carries out intelligent accurate control, the utility model discloses an intelligent accurate control is realized to auto-disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) to monitor, data transmission, calculation and analysis etc. to whole system. The ADRC is a novel controller independent of a system model, and the structure of the ADRC comprises three parts: a Nonlinear Tracking Differentiator (TD), an Extended State Observer (ESO), and a Nonlinear State Error Feedback control law (NSEF), and its core part is an Extended controller. The Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (LADRC) also includes three parts, respectively: linear Tracking Differentiator (TD), Linear Extended State Observer (LESO), and Linear State Error Feedback control law (Linear State Error Feedback LSEF). The tracking differentiator is used for arranging the transition process, and the expansion state controller is used for estimating the system state, the model and the external disturbance, namely, the expansion controller is used for extracting the information required for realizing state feedback and model and external disturbance compensation. The "model" and "external disturbance" of the system are in equal positions and can be given "compensation" by estimating the real-time acting amount by the "expansion controller". The expansion controller is a structure for realizing feedback linearization on a nonlinear uncertain object by feeding back the nonlinear uncertain object with unknown external disturbance into an integral series type by using a nonlinear state. Moreover, this feedback linearization of ADRC relies on dynamic estimation by a state observer rather than on an accurate mathematical model of the object. Of course, the "state error feedback" here is not necessarily limited to a "linear" form, and a more suitable "non-linear configuration" should be adopted. This results in a "nonlinear state error feedback" -NSEF control law. The utility model discloses use second order ADRC as the example, design control system based on ADRC. The temperature control precision can be enabled to be +/-0.3 ℃, and the humidity control precision can be +/-0.5%. Meanwhile, the controller 9 can read the experimental data of all the test points, and the experimental training teaching and the experimental test can be conveniently completed. The controller 9 is provided with an expansion module, which can provide a foundation for subsequent expansion experiments and research and development. The utility model discloses the electric energy of system is provided by photovoltaic power generation system, in the sufficient area of solar charging, the system can realize long-term self-power from the reliable operation of net.
As shown in fig. 2, the utility model relates to a control method of a fresh air practical training system. The utility model discloses a control method is accurate control of binary, promptly: the two sets of control systems are matched for use, so that accurate control is realized.
One of them one set of control system can realize the coarse control to the system through the electronic expansion valve 13 of the independent new trend system of control and the frequency of compressor 15, and then right the utility model discloses the system carries out preliminary control and regulation. Another set of control system can adjust the heat of supply with reheater 17 through the aperture of the electrical control valve 34 of control light and heat system in order to realize the accurate control to the system, it is right to accomplish the utility model discloses the accurate control and the regulation of system. The two systems are simultaneously controlled by the ADRC controller, so that the temperature and the humidity can be controlled within an accurate range, and the indoor thermal comfort degree is improved.
The utility model discloses the controller 9 of system is Auto Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC), can monitor and accurate control entire system. The temperature control precision is +/-0.3 ℃, and the humidity control precision is +/-0.5%. The controller 9 can read the experimental data of all the test points and can perform data calculation and analysis, thereby conveniently completing experimental training teaching and experimental testing. The controller 9 is provided with an expansion module, which can provide a foundation for subsequent expansion experiments and research and development. The electric energy of controller 9 is provided by photovoltaic power generation system, in the sufficient area of solar charging, the utility model discloses the system can realize long-term self-power and leave the reliable operation of net.
The control method of the fresh air practical training system is described in detail as follows:
step 1), initializing all parameters and equipment when the system starts, operating a fresh air practical training system, setting indoor temperature, and reading the indoor temperature by a controller 9.
Step 2), the controller 9 judges whether the indoor temperature is higher than the indoor set temperature, if so, the step 3 is performed, and if not, the step 4) is performed.
Step 3), increasing the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 13 and adjusting the frequency of the compressor 15, further judging whether the indoor temperature is in the accurate control range, and if so, performing step 8); and if the accuracy control range is not met, performing step 7).
Step 4), the controller 9 judges whether the indoor temperature is lower than the indoor set temperature, if so, the step 5 is carried out, and if not, the step 6) is carried out.
Step 5), reducing the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 13 and adjusting the frequency of the compressor 15, further judging whether the indoor temperature is in the accurate control range, and if so, performing step 8); and if the accuracy control range is not met, performing step 7).
Step 6), the controller 9 judges whether the indoor temperature is in the accurate control range, and if the indoor temperature is in the accurate control range, the step 8) is carried out; and if the accuracy control range is not reached, performing the step 7.
And 7, changing the opening degree of the electric regulating valve 34 of the photo-thermal system and keeping the room temperature within a set range, and further performing step 8.
And 8, operating the fresh air practical training system under the accurate control condition. The controller 9 continues the system monitoring and judges whether the system continues to operate, if so, returns to the step 1), and if not, stops the system operation and ends.
In addition, the temperature change and adjustment process in the control flow chart, for example: the operation of the fresh air training system, the reduction of the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 13, the adjustment of the frequency of the compressor 15, the change of the opening degree of the electric regulating valve 34 of the photo-thermal system and the like require the setting of time delay in the program, and the next step is carried out when the indoor temperature tends to be stable. The humidity control method is similar to the temperature control method and will not be described in detail herein. Therefore, experimental practical teaching such as automatic control principle experiment, ADRC test, electric control system installation, operation and debugging, controller programming and the like can be completed.
The utility model relates to a calculation method of real standard system of new trend, the system keeps heat balance all the time, and its formula of calculating is as follows:
QFAU(j)+QFAS(j)+QDX(j)+QSH(j)＝0 (1)
wherein:
QFAU(j) is the cooling capacity, kW, provided by the fan coil at the moment j;
QFAS(j) is the cooling capacity, kW, required by fresh air at the moment j;
QDX(j) is the cooling capacity, kW, provided by the direct expansion air conditioning unit 16 at time j;
QSH(j) is the reheating heat, kW, provided by the photo-thermal system at the moment j;
j is time, minutes.
The cold volume that fan coil provided, the cold volume that direct expansion formula air conditioning unit 16 provided all provide the electric energy, the accessible by photovoltaic power generation system the utility model discloses control system gathers and calculates out. The reheat heat accessible that light and heat system provided the control system gather and calculate and draw. Therefore, the cooling capacity required by the fresh air can be calculated through the heat balance calculation formula, and the air supply temperature, the humidity and the enthalpy of the fresh air can be calculated at the same time. Therefore, the cold energy of the fresh air system is provided by the solar energy system. Therefore, the utility model discloses the system is the cold volume of whole new trend systems promptly for the energy saving of traditional system.
In order to realize right the utility model discloses the system carries out effective control and accurate control, must satisfy following formula of calculating all the time among the system operation process:
tR>t2(j) (2)
twR>tw2(j) (3)
wherein:
tRsetting the temperature of a dry bulb in an indoor space at DEG C;
twRsetting the temperature of a wet bulb in an indoor space at DEG C;
tw2(j) is the wet bulb temperature at 2 o' clock, deg.C;
t2(j) is the dry bulb temperature at point 2 at time j, deg.C.
The utility model discloses the controller 9 of system will gather data, comparative data in real time, and then can calculate and analyze through the above-mentioned formula of calculating. Through the utility model discloses a calculation method can accomplish experimental tests such as data acquisition, data analysis, scientific calculation and real standard operation.
The utility model discloses a system can also be applied to the real teaching of instructing of experiment and research development of energy class specialty, is one set of real system of instructing of experiment that collects experiment test, real standard operation, scientific research development in an organic whole. The experimental training types which can be met comprise: the method comprises the following steps of photovoltaic power generation system experiment training, photo-thermal system experiment training and independent fresh air system experiment training. For example: the method comprises the following steps of solar array energy conversion experiment, solar off-grid power generation system experiment, solar storage battery storage experiment, off-grid inverter research experiment, solar power generation system load characteristic experiment, monitoring operation design experiment, electric energy quality detection experiment, solar heat collection energy conversion principle experiment, solar heat collector characteristic test experiment, environment influence experiment on photo-thermal conversion, fresh air system experiment and test, system performance index experiment, development and test of a controller, electrical control system installation, operation, debugging experiment, practical training controller programming experiment practical training experiment and scientific research and development.
Claims (5)
1. Real standard system of new trend, including the new trend system, for indoor new trend that provides the demand that satisfies, its characterized in that still includes the photovoltaic
The power generation system provides electric energy for the fresh air system; the photo-thermal system provides heat energy for the fresh air system;
the fresh air system comprises a simulated indoor space (18), outdoor fresh air is cooled and dehumidified by a direct expansion type air conditioning unit (16) and a refrigerating system thereof, then is heated by a reheater (17) which provides heat by a photo-thermal system, and then is mixed with return air which is processed by a fan coil unit (21), and finally the processed fresh air (12) is sent into the simulated indoor space (18);
the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a current sensor and a voltage sensor which are used for monitoring current and voltage, whether the system normally operates is judged through monitoring data, and data acquisition of the current and the voltage is realized; the multifunctional electric meter a (7) is used for calculating energy supply of photovoltaic power generation, carrying out data communication with the controller (9), and completing energy collection and conversion through the multifunctional electric meter a (7); the controller (9) controls the opening of the electronic expansion valve (13) and the frequency of the compressor (15) to meet the requirements of indoor temperature and humidity;
the photo-thermal system comprises a solar heat collector (22), the solar heat collector (22) converts solar energy into heat energy, the heat energy is used for heating water in a water tank (29), a heat collection water pump (27) provides circulating power, and the collected heat energy is stored in the water tank (29); hot water circulation is carried out through a hot water supply pump (32), so that the fresh air system provides reheating heat; the controller (9) collects indoor temperature and humidity signals and controls the opening of an electric regulating valve (34) on the heat supply loop according to temperature and humidity set values; a liquid level meter (30) is installed in the water tank (29), and the controller (9) determines whether water is required to be supplemented or not according to a liquid level signal.
2. Fresh air practical training system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat source of the solar heat collector (22) is solar energy instead of an actual light source or a simulated light source (1).
3. The fresh air practical training system according to claim 1, characterized in that a binary precise control is adopted, namely:
two sets of control systems are used in a matching way: one set of control system realizes the coarse control of the system by controlling the frequency of an electronic expansion valve (13) and a compressor (15) of the independent fresh air system, and further performs the preliminary control and adjustment; the other set of control system can adjust the heat supplied to the reheater (17) by controlling the opening degree of an electric control valve (34) of the photo-thermal system so as to realize the fine control of the system; the two systems are simultaneously controlled by the controller, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled within an accurate range.
4. The fresh air practical training system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the controller (9) is an active disturbance rejection controller, and an expansion module is reserved in the controller (9) to provide a foundation for subsequent expansion experiments and research and development.
5. The fresh air practical training system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein electric energy of the controller (9) is provided by a photovoltaic power generation system, and long-term self-powered off-grid reliable operation is realized in a solar-charged area.
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