CN109545022A - The dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology and its control and calculation method - Google Patents
The dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology and its control and calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109545022A CN109545022A CN201811349624.9A CN201811349624A CN109545022A CN 109545022 A CN109545022 A CN 109545022A CN 201811349624 A CN201811349624 A CN 201811349624A CN 109545022 A CN109545022 A CN 109545022A
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Abstract
本发明公开一种能源替代技术的独立新风实训系统，包括新风系统，为室内提供满足需求的新风，还包括光伏发电系统，为新风系统提供电能；以及光热系统，为新风系统提供热能。还公开了该系统的控制方法和计算方法。本发明使用太阳能取代传统能源。除极端情况下，本系统所需电能由光伏发电系统提供，所需热能由光热系统提供，系统不需外部能源即可实现实验实训教学及研究开发的功能。在极端情况下，可以使用备用电源对系统进行供电。本系统也可以使用模拟光源来完成实验实训教学及研究开发工作。设计了ADRC来实现系统的双元精准控制，同时涉及系统控制方法，将室内温湿度控制在较高的精度范围内，满足了室内较高的热舒适度的需求。
The invention discloses an independent fresh air training system of energy substitution technology, which includes a fresh air system to provide indoor fresh air meeting demand, a photovoltaic power generation system to provide electrical energy for the fresh air system, and a photothermal system to provide thermal energy to the fresh air system. The control method and calculation method of the system are also disclosed. The present invention uses solar energy to replace traditional energy sources. Except in extreme cases, the electrical energy required by the system is provided by the photovoltaic power generation system, and the required thermal energy is provided by the solar thermal system. The system can realize the functions of experimental training, teaching and research and development without external energy. In extreme cases, the system can be powered from a backup power source. The system can also use the simulated light source to complete the experimental training teaching and research and development work. ADRC is designed to realize the dual-element precise control of the system, and also involves a system control method to control the indoor temperature and humidity within a high precision range to meet the needs of high indoor thermal comfort.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to teaching equipment manufacturing technology fields, real more particularly to a kind of dedicated fresh air of energy substitution technology
Exercising system and its control method and calculation method.
Background technique
China proposes construction modern energy system, deeply promotes energy revolution, puts forth effort that production of energy Land use systems is pushed to become
Leather optimizes energy resource supply structure, improves efficiency of energy utilization.China proposes to push Jing-jin-ji region cooperative development simultaneously.It is well known that
Beijing-tianjin-hebei Region is faced with more serious problem of environmental pollution, this topic of haze has become the hot spot of people's care
Topic.Thus air quality is to solve the problems, such as main path and the people group of haze in mitigating indoor pollution discharge and improving
Many fervent expectations.
Therefore, the development of application technology type universities and colleges of undergraduate course energy profession is most important for solving the above problems.And it is all kinds of
Universities and colleges' either professorship's rank or undergraduate stage, energy class Specialty Experiment practice-training teaching device category is less, at this stage mainly with
Based on traditional experimental facilities and computer virtual simulation, development and its talent of energy class profession have thus been seriously affected
Culture.Therefore exploitation is towards energy class profession, integrates power-saving technology, new energy technology, is able to achieve different course demands
Experiment training system it is particularly important for application-oriented technology education.
In existing energy class experimental real-training equipment: photovoltaic power generation experimental real-training equipment has certain quantity, main
It is the VA characteristic curve for measuring photovoltaic system, inverter characteristics, grid-connected performance, power generation characteristics etc.；Photo-thermal experimental real-training equipment
Less, the existing experimental real-training equipment in market is almost used for the test of hot-water heating system, the test of flat plate collector, and heat turns
Change experimental study etc.；Fresh air system experimental real-training equipment is mainly generally wind system, for the air quantity of test architecture air-conditioning system,
Air-supply temperature and humidity, and calculate amount of energy saving etc..And it is for the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology proposed by the present invention
There is no relevant experiment training system.
Either photovoltaic generating system, opto-thermal system or the dedicated outdoor air system important method that is all energy-saving and emission-reduction.Into
And it is comprehensive urgently needed for energy class Specialty Experiment Practice Curriculum for integrating them the novel experimental experience system to be formed
Experimental real-training equipment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency in the prior art, provides a kind of dedicated fresh air real training system of energy substitution technology
System and its control method and calculation method are more suitable for energy class Major daily experimental real-training teaching and research and development, are not having
It can be used for practical dedicated fresh air experiment training system in the case where having any external power supply.Experiment training system proposed by the present invention
A plurality of types of experimental real-training teaching of energy class profession can be met.
First technical solution proposed by the present invention is the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology, including fresh air system
System provides the fresh air of meet demand for interior, further includes photovoltaic generating system, provide electric energy for fresh air system；And photo-thermal system
System, provides thermal energy for fresh air system；
The fresh air system includes the simulation interior space (18), outdoor fresh air by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set (16) and
Its refrigeration system cooled down and dehumidified after by by opto-thermal system provide heat reheater (17) heated, then with warp
The return air for crossing fan coil unit (21) processing is mixed, and finally by treated, fresh air (12) is sent into the simulation interior space
(18)；
The photovoltaic generating system includes the current sensor and voltage sensor of the monitoring for electric current, voltage, is passed through
Monitoring data decision-making system whether normal operation, while realizing the data acquisition of electric current and voltage；Multifunction electric meter a (7) is used for
It calculates the energy supply of photovoltaic power generation and carries out data communication with controller (9), complete energy by multifunction electric meter a (7) and adopt
Collection and conversion；Controller (9) controls the aperture of electronic expansion valve (13) and the frequency of compressor (15), indoor warm and humid to meet
The demand of degree；
The opto-thermal system includes solar thermal collector (22), and solar thermal collector (22) converts solar energy into thermal energy,
Thermal energy provides circulation power for the water in heating water tank (29), by collection heat-exchanger pump (27), by the thermal energy storage of acquisition in water tank
(29) in；Hot water circuit is carried out by heat supply water pump (32), so that fresh air system provides reheating heat；Controller (9) collection room
Interior temperature-humidity signal controls the aperture of the electric control valve (34) in heat supplying loop according to humiture setting value；In water tank (29)
It is equipped with liquidometer (30), controller (9) decides whether moisturizing by liquid level signal.
The heat source of the solar thermal collector (22) substitutes actual light source or analog light source (1) by solar energy.
Be precisely controlled using double base, it may be assumed that two sets of control systems are used cooperatively: wherein a set of control system is independent by control
The electronic expansion valve (13) of fresh air system and the frequency of compressor (15) tentatively control to realize the thick control to system
With adjusting；Other set control system can be supplied by controlling the aperture of the electric control valve (34) of opto-thermal system to adjust
The heat of reheater (17) is to realize the essence control to system；Two systems are controlled by controller simultaneously, by temperature with it is wet
It spends in the accurate range of control.
The controller (9) is automatic disturbance rejection controller, and there are expansion modules for the controller (9), real for subsequent extension
It tests and provides basis with research and development.
The electric energy of the controller (9) is provided by photovoltaic generating system, in the area of solar energy abundance, realize it is long-term from
Power supply off-network reliability service.
Second technical solution of the invention is the control method of the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology, including
Following steps:
Step 1): system starts, and all parameters and equipment initialize, and runs the dedicated fresh air real training system of energy substitution technology
System, is arranged room temperature, and controller (9) reads room temperature；
Step 2): controller (9) judges whether room temperature is higher than indoor set temperature, if being higher than indoor set temperature
Step 3) is then carried out, carries out step 4) if lower than indoor set temperature；
Step 3): increase the aperture of electronic expansion valve (13) and adjust compressor (15) frequency, and then judge Indoor Temperature
Whether degree is being precisely controlled in range, and step 8) is carried out if within the scope of precision controlling；If not in precision controlling range
Inside then carry out step 7)；
Step 4): controller (9) judges whether room temperature is lower than indoor set temperature, if lower than indoor set temperature
Step 5) is then carried out, carries out step 6) if not less than indoor set temperature；
Step 5): reduce the aperture of electronic expansion valve (13) and adjust compressor (15) frequency, and then judge Indoor Temperature
Whether degree is being precisely controlled in range, and step 8) is carried out if within the scope of precision controlling；If not in precision controlling range
Inside then carry out step 7)；
Step 6), controller (9) judge whether room temperature is being precisely controlled in range, if within the scope of precision controlling
Then carry out step 8)；Step 7) is carried out if not within the scope of precision controlling；
Step 7), change opto-thermal system electric control valve (34) aperture and make room temperature keep within the set range, into
And carry out step 8)；
Step 8), energy substitution technology dedicated fresh air experience system run on and be precisely controlled under the conditions of；Controller (9) after
Continuous system monitoring simultaneously judges whether system continues to run, the return step 1 if continuing to run), stop if not continuing to run
Locking system runs and terminates.
Third technical solution of the invention is the calculating of the dedicated fresh air experience system heat balance of energy substitution technology
Method, Heat balance calculation formula are as follows:
QFAU(j)+QFAS(j)+QDX(j)+QSH(j)=0 (1)
Wherein:
QFAU(j) be j moment fan coil provide cooling capacity, kW；
QFASIt (j) is cooling capacity required for j moment fresh air, kW；
QDXIt (j) is cooling capacity provided by j moment direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16, kW；
QSHIt (j) is reheating heat provided by j moment opto-thermal system, kW；
J is time, minute；
Cooling capacity provided by fan coil, cooling capacity provided by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set are all by photovoltaic generating system
Electric energy is provided, is acquired and is calculated by control system；
Reheating heat provided by opto-thermal system is acquired and is calculated by control system；
Cooling capacity needed for calculating fresh air by above-mentioned Heat balance calculation formula as a result, while calculating the air-supply of fresh air
Temperature, humidity and enthalpy；
Following calculating formula must be met always in system operation:
tR>t2(j) (2)
twR>tw2(j) (3)
Wherein:
tRIt is interior space setting dry-bulb temperature, DEG C；
twRIt is interior space setting wet-bulb temperature, DEG C；
tw2It (j) is 2 wet-bulb temperature of j moment, DEG C；
t2It (j) is 2 dry-bulb temperatures of j moment, DEG C.
Controller of the present invention by real-time data collection, compare data, and then counted by the Heat balance calculation formula
Calculate the experiment test and training operation completed including data acquisition, data analysis, scientific algorithm with analysis.
The utility model has the advantages that system of the invention combines photovoltaic generating system, opto-thermal system and dedicated outdoor air system to be formed
Comprehensive experience system, specific manifestation are as follows:
1, replace traditional energy using solar energy.Except in extreme situation, electric energy needed for this system is mentioned by photovoltaic generating system
For required thermal energy is provided by opto-thermal system, and system, which is not required to extra power, can be realized the function of experimental real-training teaching and research and development
Energy.In extreme circumstances, backup power source can be used to be powered system.Analog light source can be used also to complete in this system
Experimental real-training teaching and research and development.
2, the present invention devises ADRC to realize that the double base of system is precisely controlled, while being related to system control method, by room
Interior Temperature and Humidity Control meets the demand of indoor higher hot comfort in higher accuracy rating, and this system can be completed
Installation, operation and the debugging of controller experiment test and actual control system.
3, the present invention relates to system-computed methods, can be completed solely with cooling capacity needed for accurate calculation system and heat
The numerical simulation of vertical fresh air system and calculating etc..
4, present system has the characteristics that modularization, detachable.It can be used for photovoltaic generating system, opto-thermal system and independence
Installation, debugging, operation, maintenance, test, calculating and the numerical simulation of fresh air system.Student can autonomous Design water system, wind system
It system, electrical system and control system and completes to connect.
5, present system have control function and data acquisition function, student can autonomous Design control system can also make
System is controlled with other control principles.
6, present system uses Engineering-type device, embodies practical photovoltaic system, opto-thermal system and dedicated fresh air system completely
System, can be used for demonstration and the teaching process of system, photovoltaic system, opto-thermal system in Practical Project is integrally known well convenient for student
And dedicated outdoor air system.
7, present system can also be applied to the experimental real-training teaching and research and development of energy class profession, be that a set of collection is real
In the experiment training system of one, the experimental real-training that may be implemented is exemplified below for test examination, training operation, scientific research and development:
1) solar array energy transition experiment；
2) solar energy off-network electricity generation system is tested；
3) solar storage battery storage experiment；
4) off-network inverter research experiment；
5) solar power system load characteristic is tested；
6) monitoring operating energy loss experiment；
7) Power Quality Detection is tested；
8) solar energy heating energy conversion principle is tested；
9) solar thermal collector characteristic test is tested；
10) influence experiment of the environment to photothermal conversion；
11) fresh air system experiment and test；
12) system performance index is tested；
13) exploitation and test of controller；
14) electric control system installation, operation, pilot scale study real training；
15) controller programming experimental real-training；
16) scientific research and experimental development.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is precisely controlled flow chart for of the invention.
Fig. 3 is precisely controlled block diagram for of the invention: (a) indoor temperature and humidity is precisely controlled；(b) Liquid level in water tank
Appended drawing reference: 1- actual light source or analog light source, 2- solar array, 3- D.C. regulated power supply, 4- battery, 5-
Inverter, 6- charger, 7- multifunction electric meter a, 8- backup power source, 9- controller, the multi-functional electricity of 10- multifunction electric meter b, 11-
Table c, 12- fresh air, 13- electronic expansion valve, 14- condenser, 15- compressor, 16- direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set, 17- reheating
Device, 18- simulate the interior space, 19- indoor temperature and humidity sensor, 20- air hose, 21- fan coil unit, 22- solar energy heating
Device, 23- temperature sensor a, 24- temperature sensor b, 25- exhaust pipe, 26- water supply electromagnetic valve, 27- collection heat-exchanger pump, 28- blowdown
Valve, 29- water tank, 30- liquidometer, 31- electric heater, 32- heat supply water pump, 33- flowmeter a, 34- electric control valve, 35- temperature
Sensor c, 36- temperature sensor d, 37- flowmeter b, 38- mixing tank.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and the preferred embodiment specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology of the present invention is by photovoltaic power generation experiment training system,
Photo-thermal experiment training system, dedicated fresh air experiment training system composition.Electric energy is all provided by photovoltaic generating system, and thermal energy is whole
It is provided by opto-thermal system.Extreme case is removed, this system can realize zero energy consumption.The dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology
Equipment include actual light source or analog light source 1, solar array 2, D.C. regulated power supply 3, battery 4, inverter 5, charging
Device 6, controller 9, solar thermal collector 22, water tank 29, collection heat-exchanger pump 27,32 exhaust pipe 25 of heat supply water pump, temperature sensor
A23, b24, c35 and c36, flowmeter a33 and b37, liquidometer 30, indoor temperature and humidity sensor 19, multifunction electric meter a7, b10
With c11, electric control valve 34, blowdown valve 28, water supply electromagnetic valve 26, direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16, compressor 15, condenser
14, electronic expansion valve 13, fan coil unit 21, the simulation interior space 18, air hose 20 etc..
Solar energy (actual light source or analog light source 1) is converted into electric energy, solar array 2 and direct current by solar array 2
Dc circuit breaker K1 and D.C. contactor KM1 are connected on route between regulated power supply 3, and a DC voltage in parallel passes
Sensor V1；Route between D.C. regulated power supply 3 and inverter 5 is in series with DC current sensor A1, DC current sensor
A2, dc circuit breaker K2 and D.C. contactor KM2；The input terminal parallel connection direct voltage sensor V2 of battery 4, battery 4 are
System provides 48V and 24V voltage；Backup power source 8 is by AC circuit breaker K4 and A.C. contactor KM4, charger 6 and electric power storage
Pond 4 connects；AC current sensor A3, alternating voltage sensing are connected on route between inverter 5 and multifunction electric meter a7
Device V3；AC circuit breaker K3, A.C. contactor KM3 are connected on route between multifunction electric meter a7 and controller 9；Standby electricity
Source 8 is connect by AC circuit breaker K5 and A.C. contactor KM5 with controller 9；After controller 9 with required electrical equipment phase
Connection, and control function may be implemented.Inverter 5 by be after converting direct-current power into alternating-current power entire energy substitution technology independence
The power supply of fresh air experience system.It charges while solar array 2 generates electricity for battery 4, photovoltaic system and battery 4 can be this
The invention system provides direct current for system control and data transmission.
To prevent that photovoltaic generating system can not provide the extreme case of electric energy, backup power source is arranged in photovoltaic generating system
8 can directly be system power supply of the present invention, can also be the charging of battery 4 by charger 6, guarantee battery 4
Service life, can also be provided for system direct current for control and data transmit.
Entire photovoltaic generating system, which is equipped with multiple breakers, contactor, fuse, can realize automatic control, manually control
System, long-range control, pattern experiment practice-training teaching and analysis etc..Current sensor and voltage sensor are used for the prison of Current Voltage
It surveys, whether normal operation by monitoring data decision-making system, while the experiments such as data acquisition that electric current and voltage may be implemented are real
Training teaching.Multifunction electric meter a7 is used to calculate the energy supply of photovoltaic power generation and carries out data communication with controller 9, can be by more
Function meter a7 completes the experimental real-trainings link such as energy acquisition and conversion.
It removes under extreme case, photovoltaic generating system provides electric energy for system of the present invention.Actual light source or simulation
Light source converts the solar into luminous energy by solar array 2.Then, constant voltage is converted by D.C. regulated power supply 3
At direct current and connect inverter 5.Inverter 5 is exported after 220V alternating current is monitored by multifunction electric meter a7 and is provided for system
AC220V power supply.Battery 4 is connected in parallel on 3 exit of D.C. regulated power supply, and with DC power supply parallel operation, photovoltaic generating system can
To charge to battery 4.Battery 4 and solar battery array can provide 48VDC and 24VDC electricity for control system
Source.Under extreme case, 220V alternating current can be used as backup power source 8 by charger 6, and converting alternating current to direct current is directly
The charging of battery 4 is directly system power supply.In experimental real-training, analog light source can be used, the sun is replaced to be able to achieve
Photovoltaic generating system.KM1~KM2 is D.C. contactor, and the on-off of current supply circuit, corresponding K1 are controlled for controller 9~K2 is
Dc circuit breaker, for disconnecting current supply circuit manually.KM3~KM5 is A.C. contactor, for powering back where the control of controller 9
The on-off on road, corresponding K3~K5 is AC circuit breaker, for disconnecting current supply circuit manually.In 5 inlet of inverter and exit
Fuse is installed and carries out short-circuit protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection and overload protection.V1 and V2 is direct current voltage sensor,
Solar panel output voltage and 4 input voltage of battery are detected respectively, and V3 is AC voltage sensor, for detecting inversion
The output voltage of device 5.A1 and A2 is DC current sensor, detects the output electric current and inverter 5 of D.C. regulated power supply 3 respectively
Input current, A3 are AC current sensors, for detecting the output electric current of inverter.Come by using contactor and breaker
The on-off for controlling photovoltaic generating system, acquires data by using current sensor, voltage sensor and multifunction electric meter a7
And then the generated energy of photovoltaic generating system is calculated, data that are measured and calculating finally are acquired by controller 9, while can be with
Realize mutual communication.It imparts knowledge to students it is possible thereby to complete photovoltaic generating system installation, operation and the experimental real-trainings such as debugging, photovoltaic
Electric current, voltage, electric quantity acquisition experiment and the system power of electricity generation system calculate and the experiments such as power quality analysis.
The thermal-arrest water inlet pipe and thermal-arrest return pipe of solar thermal collector 22 are connected to water tank 29 respectively, are set on thermal-arrest water inlet pipe
There are exhaust pipe 25 and temperature sensor a23, temperature sensor b24, flowmeter 33 and collection hot water are installed on thermal-arrest return pipe
Pump 27；29 other side of water tank is connected with heat supply water inlet pipe and heat supply return pipe, and heat supply water inlet pipe and heat supply return pipe are respectively and again
The both ends of hot device 17 connect, and are equipped with heat supply water pump 32, electric control valve 34, flowmeter b37, temperature sensing on heat supply water inlet pipe
Device c35, mounting temperature sensor d36 on heat supply return pipe.
Solar energy (actual light source or analog light source 1) is converted into thermal energy by solar thermal collector 22.Thermal energy is for heating water
Water in case 29 provides circulation power by collection heat-exchanger pump 27, by the thermal energy storage of acquisition in water tank 29.
Another circuit of water tank 29 is to carry out hot water circuit by heat supply water pump 32, thus for the only of energy substitution technology
Vertical fresh air experience system provides reheating heat.Temperature-humidity signal in 9 collection room of controller, according to humiture setting value, control is supplied
The aperture of electric control valve 34 in hot loop.
Collection hot loop and heat supplying loop are respectively provided with temperature sensor a23, b24, c35 and c36 and flowmeter a33 and b37,
Acquisition and monitoring for temperature, flow and energy datum.Liquidometer 30 is installed, controller 9 is believed by liquid level in water tank 29
Number decide whether moisturizing.
All temperature sensors, flowmeter are all communicated with controller 9, and completion photo-thermal experimental real-training link can be used.This
Outside, the start and stop that water pump can be controlled by manually and automatically two kinds of control methods, can complete the experimental real-training ring of water pump start and stop
Section.
It removes under extreme case, opto-thermal system provides thermal energy for system of the present invention.Actual light source or analog light source
Thermal energy is converted the solar by solar thermal collector 22.Collect heat-exchanger pump 27 and the circulation power of collection hot loop is provided.Thermal-arrest returns
Road is also equipped with exhaust pipe 25, flowmeter a33, temperature sensor a23 and temperature sensor b24, and exhaust pipe 25 is for being vented
Pressure release, the flow sum aggregate that flowmeter a33, temperature sensor a23 and temperature sensor b24 pass through the acquisition collection hot water stream of controller 9
The inlet and outlet temperature of hot device, and then thermal-arrest heat is calculated and obtains, realize the collection hot loop of opto-thermal system.The heat of system passes through
Collection hot loop is stored in water tank 29, and the heat in water tank 29 continues to transmit by heat supply water pump 32.It is also installed in heat supplying loop
There are electric control valve 34, flowmeter b37, temperature sensor c35 and temperature sensor d36.Electric control valve 34 receives controller 9
Instruction carries out aperture control, realizes that temperature and humidity is precisely controlled.Flowmeter b37, temperature sensor c35 and temperature sensor d36 are logical
The flow and inlet and outlet temperature of 9 acquiring heat supply hot water of controller are crossed, and then calculates and obtains the reheating of supply dedicated outdoor air system
The heat of device 17.Controller 9 acquires data that are measured and calculating as a result, and mutual communication may be implemented.
Liquidometer 30, water supply electromagnetic valve 26, blowdown valve 28 and electric heater 31 are also equipped in water tank 29.Controller 9 can acquire in real time
29 liquid level data of water tank can automatically turn on water supply electromagnetic valve 26 when liquid level is too low and carry out moisturizing.Blowdown valve 28 is manually-operated gate,
It needs periodically to open and excludes 29 dirt of water tank and deposition.Under extreme case, it is electric heating that 220V alternating current, which can be used as backup power source 8,
Device 31 provides power supply, and then provides thermal energy for opto-thermal system.In experimental real-training, analog light source can be used and replace the sun
It is able to achieve opto-thermal system heat supply.It is possible thereby to complete the teaching of the experimental real-trainings such as opto-thermal system installation, operation and debugging and photo-thermal
System performance testing, heat Calculation, the experiment such as thermal performance of collectors analysis.
Dedicated outdoor air system is mainly the fresh air of indoor offer meet demand, real to reach the requirement of indoor thermal comfort
The experimental real-training teaching of existing fresh air system.Outdoor fresh air 12 is carried out cold by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16 and its refrigeration system
But pass through before being mixed with return air in order to guarantee indoor temperature and humidity precision with dehumidifying and provide heat again by opto-thermal system
Hot device 17 is heated, and is then mixed with the return air handled by fan coil unit 21, finally will treated fresh air
12 are sent into interior.
Outdoor fresh air 12 is attached by air hose 20 and direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16 and its refrigeration system, the air hose
Dry bulb thermometer t is installed on 205, wet-bulb thermometer tw5With airspeedometer Ma5；Direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16 passes through air hose 20
It is connect with reheater 17, dry bulb thermometer t is installed on the air hose 206, wet-bulb thermometer tw6With airspeedometer Ma6；Indoor return air is logical
Air hose 20 is crossed to connect with fan coil unit 21；Fan coil unit is connect by air hose 20 with mixing tank 38；Reheater 17 is logical
It crosses air hose 20 to connect with mixing tank 38, dry bulb thermometer t is installed on air hose 207, wet-bulb thermometer tw7With airspeedometer Ma7；It realizes
Will treated fresh air 12 return air mixes with treated；Mixing tank 38 is connect by air hose 20 with the simulation interior space 18.
The electric energy of the system is provided by photovoltaic generating system, and the thermal energy of the system is provided by opto-thermal system.Controller 9 can be with
The frequency of the aperture of electronic expansion valve 13 and compressor 15 in the system is controlled, to meet the needs of indoor temperature and humidity.Dry bulb
Thermometer and wet-bulb thermometer are used to measure the temperature and rh value of each test point, and airspeedometer is for measuring dedicated fresh air
The air quantity of system.It is possible thereby to complete the experimental real-training of fresh air system, the experiment test of fresh air system, central air conditioner system performance
The teaching of the experimental real-trainings such as test.
Dedicated outdoor air system by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16, compressor 15, condenser 14, electronic expansion valve 13,
The compositions such as fan coil unit 21, the simulation interior space 18, air hose 20.It removes under extreme case, dedicated outdoor air system owns
Equipment is powered by photovoltaic generating system, provides heat by opto-thermal system.Under extreme case, by 220V commercial power supply.Dedicated fresh air
System is mainly that the fresh air of indoor offer meet demand realizes the experiment of fresh air system to reach the requirement of indoor thermal comfort
Practice-training teaching.Outdoor fresh air 12 is cooled down and is dehumidified by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16 and its refrigeration system, in order to protect
Indoor temperature and humidity precision is demonstrate,proved, is heated before being mixed with return air by the reheater 17 for providing heat by opto-thermal system,
Then it is mixed with the return air by fan coil processing, finally by treated, fresh air 12 is sent into interior.Dedicated fresh air system
In system, it is provided with 4 experimental points.It is respectively as follows: at 0,2,3,6 point.Each test point arranges one group of dry bulb thermometer, wet-bulb thermometer
And airspeedometer, for acquiring and monitoring the temperature, relative humidity and air quantity of each test point.In order to ensure the control essence of system
Degree, controller 9 will acquire and contrast test point data, and then analogue simulation and Heat balance calculation etc. for system in real time.
Controller 9 can control the frequency of the aperture of electronic expansion valve 13 and compressor 15 in the system, be come with realizing to be precisely controlled
Meets the needs of indoor temperature and humidity.It is possible thereby to complete the experimental real-training of fresh air system, the experiment test of fresh air system, central hollow
The experimental real-trainings teaching such as adjusting system performance test, the analog simulation experiment of central air conditioner system and Heat balance calculation.
As shown in Figure 1, the electric control system of present system includes ADRC and power supply system.Electrical control of the invention
System can obtain electric energy supply, and then can provide electric energy for whole system.The electric energy include AC220V, DC48V and
DC24V。
As shown in figure 3, being precisely controlled to carry out intelligence to present system, the present invention uses automatic disturbance rejection controller
(ADRC) it realizes that intelligence is precisely controlled, and whole system is monitored, data transmission, is calculated with analysis etc..ADRC is
A kind of new controller not depending on system model, structure are made of three parts: Nonlinear Tracking Differentiator (Tracking
Differentiation, TD), extended state observer (Extended State Observer, ESO), nonlinear state miss
Poor Feedback Control Laws (Nonlinear State Error Feedback, NSEF), its core is sprawl and control device.Line
Property automatic disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) also include three parts, be respectively: linearity tracking differentiator (Tracking
Differentiation, TD), linear extended state observer (Linear Extended State Observer, LESO) and
Linear state error feedback control restrains (Linear State Error Feedback LSEF).Wherein, the work of Nonlinear Tracking Differentiator
With being transition process arranging, expansion state controller is then used to estimating system state, model and disturbs outside, that is to say, that utilizes and " expands
Open controller " it is extracted as information needed for realizing " state feedback ", " model disturbs compensation with outer "." model " and " disturbing outside " of system
In par, real-time effect amount can be estimated with " sprawl and control device " and provided with " compensation ".Sprawl and control device is
It is one kind to non-linear there is the unknown outer nonlinear uncertain object disturbed to turn to " integral tandem type " with Based on Nonlinear State Feedback
The structure of uncertainty plant realization feedback linearization.And this feedback linearization of ADRC is the dynamic by state observer
Estimation, rather than rely on the accurate mathematical model of object.Certainly, " state error feedback " here need not be confined to " linear "
It in form, should be using more suitable " nonlinear configurations ".This creates the terminal " nonlinear state error feedback "-NSEF controls
Rule.The present invention designs the control system based on ADRC by taking second order ADRC as an example.Can make temperature control precision is ± 0.3
DEG C, humid control precision is ± 0.5%.The controller 9 can read the experimental data of all test points simultaneously, facilitate completion real
Test practice-training teaching and experiment test.There are expansion modules for controller 9, can provide basis for subsequent way of extensive experimentation and research and development.
The electric energy of present system is provided by photovoltaic generating system, and in the area of solar energy abundance, system of the present invention be may be implemented
Long-term self-powered off-network reliability service.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention relates to the control methods of the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology.Of the invention
Control method is precisely controlled for double base, it may be assumed that two sets of control systems are used cooperatively, and realization is precisely controlled.Wherein a set of control system
The thick control to system can be realized by the frequency of the electronic expansion valve 13 and compressor 15 that control dedicated outdoor air system,
And then preliminary control is carried out to present system and is adjusted.Other set control system can pass through the electronic of control opto-thermal system
The aperture of regulating valve 34 is completed come the essence control for adjusting the heat of supplied reheater 17 to realize to system to present system
Be precisely controlled and adjust.Two systems are controlled by ADRC controller simultaneously, can be by the accurate model of temperature and humid control
In enclosing, indoor hot comfort is improved.
The controller 9 of present system is automatic disturbance rejection controller (ADRC), can be monitored to whole system and precisely
Control.Temperature control precision is ± 0.3 DEG C, and humid control precision is ± 0.5%.The controller 9 can read all test points
Experimental data and can carry out data calculate and analysis, facilitate complete experimental real-training teaching and experiment test.Controller 9 stays
There is expansion module, basis can be provided for subsequent way of extensive experimentation and research and development.The electric energy of controller 9 is provided by photovoltaic generating system,
In the area of solar energy abundance, long-term self-powered off-network reliability service is may be implemented in present system.
The control method of the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology described further below:
Step 1), system start, and all parameters and equipment initialize, and run the dedicated fresh air real training system of energy substitution technology
System, is arranged room temperature, and controller 9 reads room temperature.
Step 2), controller 9 judge whether room temperature is higher than indoor set temperature, if being higher than indoor set temperature
Step 3 is carried out, carries out step 4) if lower than indoor set temperature.
Step 3), the aperture for increasing electronic expansion valve 13 simultaneously adjust 15 frequency of compressor, and then judge that room temperature is
It is no to be precisely controlled in range, step 8) is carried out if within the scope of precision controlling；If not within the scope of precision controlling
Carry out step 7).
Step 4), controller 9 judge whether room temperature is lower than indoor set temperature, if lower than indoor set temperature
Step 5 is carried out, carries out step 6) if not less than indoor set temperature.
Step 5), the aperture for reducing electronic expansion valve 13 simultaneously adjust 15 frequency of compressor, and then judge that room temperature is
It is no to be precisely controlled in range, step 8) is carried out if within the scope of precision controlling；If not within the scope of precision controlling
Carry out step 7).
Step 6), controller 9 judge whether room temperature is being precisely controlled in range, if within the scope of precision controlling
Carry out step 8)；Step 7 is carried out if not within the scope of precision controlling.
Step 7, change opto-thermal system electric control valve 34 aperture and make room temperature keep within the set range, Jin Erjin
Row step 8.
Step 8, energy substitution technology dedicated fresh air experience system run on and be precisely controlled under the conditions of.Controller 9 continues
System monitoring simultaneously judges whether system continues to run, the return step 1 if continuing to run), stop if not continuing to run
System runs and terminates.
In addition, the temperature in control flow chart changes and adjustment process, and such as: the dedicated fresh air of operation energy substitution technology
Experience system, the aperture for reducing electronic expansion valve 13 adjust 15 frequency of compressor, change opto-thermal system electric control valve 34
Aperture etc. needs that delay is arranged in a program, carries out next step again after room temperature tends towards stability.Humidity control method with
Temprature control method is similar, no longer redundant later herein.It is possible thereby to automation-control experiment is completed, and ADRC test, electrical control
System installation, operation, debugging, the teaching of the experimental real-trainings such as controller programming.
The present invention relates to the calculation method of the dedicated fresh air experience system of energy substitution technology, system remains that heat is flat
Weighing apparatus, calculating formula are as follows:
QFAU(j)+QFAS(j)+QDX(j)+QSH(j)=0 (1)
Wherein:
QFAU(j) be j moment fan coil provide cooling capacity, kW；
QFASIt (j) is cooling capacity required for j moment fresh air, kW；
QDXIt (j) is cooling capacity provided by j moment direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16, kW；
QSHIt (j) is reheating heat provided by j moment opto-thermal system, kW；
J is time, minute.
Cooling capacity provided by fan coil, cooling capacity provided by direct-expansion-type air-conditioner set 16 are all by photovoltaic power generation system
System provides electric energy, control system can acquire and be calculated through the invention.Reheating heat provided by opto-thermal system can pass through
Control system of the present invention is acquired and is calculated.Fresh air can be calculated by above-mentioned Heat balance calculation formula as a result,
Required cooling capacity, while the supply air temperature, humidity and enthalpy of fresh air can be calculated.It follows that the cooling capacity of fresh air system by
Solar energy system provides.Therefore, cooling capacity of the present system relative to the as whole fresh air system of amount of energy saving of legacy system.
It control effectively and is precisely controlled to present system to realize, must meet always in system operation
Following calculating formula:
tR>t2(j) (2)
twR>tw2(j) (3)
Wherein:
tRIt is interior space setting dry-bulb temperature, DEG C；
twRIt is interior space setting wet-bulb temperature, DEG C；
tw2It (j) is 2 wet-bulb temperature of j moment, DEG C；
t2It (j) is 2 dry-bulb temperatures of j moment, DEG C.
The controller 9 of present system by real-time data collection, compare data, and then can be carried out by above-mentioned calculating formula
It calculates and analyzes.Calculation method through the invention can be tested with experiments such as data acquisition, data analysis, scientific algorithms
And training operation.
System of the invention can also be applied to the experimental real-training teaching and research and development of energy class profession, be that a set of collection is real
Test examination, training operation, scientific research and development are in the experiment training system of one.Satisfiable experimental real-training type includes: photovoltaic
Electricity generation system experimental real-training, opto-thermal system experimental real-training, dedicated outdoor air system experimental real-training.Such as: solar array energy turns
Change experiment, the experiment of solar energy off-network electricity generation system, solar storage battery storage experiment, off-network inverter research experiment, solar energy
The experiment of electricity generation system load characteristic, the experiment of monitoring operating energy loss, Power Quality Detection experiment, solar energy heating energy conversion principle
It experiment, influence experiment to photothermal conversion of solar thermal collector characteristic test experiment, environment, fresh air system experiment and tests, be
Performance indicator of uniting experiment, the exploitation of controller and test, electric control system installation, operation, pilot scale study real training, controller are compiled
Journey experimental real-training, scientific research and experimental development.
Claims (8)
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