CN210317624U - Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator - Google Patents
Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN210317624U CN210317624U CN201921024950.2U CN201921024950U CN210317624U CN 210317624 U CN210317624 U CN 210317624U CN 201921024950 U CN201921024950 U CN 201921024950U CN 210317624 U CN210317624 U CN 210317624U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an anti-icing system for blades of a wind driven generator, which comprises a tower frame and blades arranged on the tower frame, wherein the positions of the blades, which are close to the front edge, on the windward side and the leeward side are provided with small holes arranged in an array, a plurality of air chambers are arranged inside each blade, and each air chamber is respectively communicated with an engine room air distribution chamber arranged on the tower frame; the cabin air distribution chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters. The utility model discloses according to meteorological parameter control compressor's start-up and close and adjust the pressure of each air chamber in the blade, utilize the boundary layer that highly-compressed air formed through the blowout of blade surface aperture to prevent that wind energy conversion system blade from freezing, have simple structure, the energy consumption is little and can the advantage of automatic operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to aerogenerator blade deicing field especially relates to an aerogenerator blade anti-icing system.
Background
Wind energy has the advantages of being renewable, pollution-free and large in reserve, and the wind power generator is one of the important sources of the existing green energy sources for converting the wind energy into the electric energy. In order to improve the installed capacity of the wind turbine, the wind turbine is installed more and more in cold regions (mountains), and the main reasons are that the air density in the cold regions is higher, the wind formed by large temperature difference is stronger, and the wind energy utilization is facilitated. The shape of the surface of the wind turbine blade has great influence on the utilization efficiency of wind energy, and in winter in high latitude or high altitude areas, supercooled water drops in the air touch the running wind turbine blade to cause the surface of the blade to be frozen, thereby causing serious influence on the running safety and economy of the wind turbine.
The icing on the wind turbine blade can change the shape of the blade, the surface becomes rougher, the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine blade are greatly reduced, and the output power of the wind turbine is reduced; the icing on the blades is not uniform, so that the dynamic balance of the blades of the wind turbine is damaged, the load of parts is increased, and the service life of the wind turbine is shortened; at the same time, the load from icing also increases the tower stress, leading to structural damage and electrical failure; especially when the ice cubes on the wind turbine blades fall off, they pose a safety threat to engineering service personnel and nearby residents, especially when the wind turbine is adjacent to roads, houses and transportation lines.
The existing anti-icing and deicing technologies can be divided into an active technology and a passive technology. The passive anti-icing technology comprises an ice-phobic coating and a hydrophobic coating, and the ice or water can be prevented from adhering to the surface of the blade by utilizing the anti-adhesion property of the ice-phobic coating and the hydrophobic coating, and the passive anti-icing technology is partially applied to the manufacturing of wind turbine blades. The active deicing technology is mainly used for removing ice on blades by a heating method, and the principle is that when the blades are frozen, a water film is formed on an ice layer and the surface of the blades of the wind turbine by heating, the adhesion of the ice is reduced by utilizing the formed water film, and the accumulated ice is thrown out by centrifugal force when the wind turbine runs. The heating mode includes electric heating and hot air heating. Due to the material of the wind turbine blade, the temperature for heating the blade cannot be too high, and the deicing effect is limited under some extreme icing conditions. Some new deicing technologies, such as microwave deicing, electromagnetic induction deicing and the like, are in the laboratory research stage and are not in practical application at present.
The damage caused by the icing of the wind turbine blade is huge, and how to effectively prevent the icing of the wind turbine blade has great significance on the safe and efficient operation of the wind turbine.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a aerogenerator blade anti-icing system can effectually prevent that wind energy conversion system blade from freezing, guarantees safe, the high-efficient operation of wind energy conversion system.
An anti-icing system for blades of a wind driven generator comprises a tower and blades arranged on the tower, wherein small holes which are arranged in an array mode are arranged on the positions, close to the front edge, of the windward side and the leeward side of the blades, a plurality of air chambers are arranged inside each blade, and each air chamber is communicated with an engine room air distribution chamber arranged on the tower;
the cabin air distribution chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters.
The utility model discloses a compressor can set up in the bottom of pylon, and the compressor is the high pressurized air source with the cold air pressurization of ordinary pressure, and the temperature of air risees simultaneously, and high-pressurized air divide into the multichannel through the air-vent valve pressure regulating, and the air chamber of every blade is distributed to rethread air conduit, from the array aperture blowout on blade surface, forms the boundary layer on the blade surface, prevents that the blade from freezing.
The utility model discloses the principle of freezing prevention of system as follows: firstly, after being pressurized, the cold air rises in temperature, flows in the blade air chamber and has the function of heating the blades, and supercooled water drops are prevented from touching the blades and being frozen; secondly, high-pressure air is sprayed out through the array small holes, an adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the blade, small liquid drops are difficult to penetrate through the adhesion layer and adhere to the surface of the blade, the probability of collision between the liquid drops and the blade is reduced, and for large liquid drops with large inertia, the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the blade are quickly blown off the surface of the blade; finally, after the air is subjected to pressurization and water removal, the water content of the high-pressure air is very low, and the large liquid drops collide with a water film adhered to the surface of the blade and are quickly evaporated under the action of a dry boundary layer formed by the high-pressure air, so that the large liquid drops are prevented from being adhered to the surface of the blade and being frozen.
According to the characteristic of icing of the actual wind turbine blade, when the wind turbine blade rotates, the linear velocity from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade is gradually reduced, and the quantity and the probability of liquid drops are also gradually reduced. Thus, icing occurs primarily on the windward and leeward sides of the blade near the leading edge, and the level of icing diminishes from the blade tip to the blade root.
In order to reduce the usage of high-pressure air while preventing the wind turbine blade from icing, the number of the pores in the blade arrangement is preferably gradually reduced from the blade end to the blade root.
Preferably, the pressure of the air chambers is gradually reduced from the blade end to the blade root, and the pressure of each air chamber is controlled by the cabin air chamber and the pressure regulating valve. The linear velocity near the tip of the blade is large and therefore the small holes near the tip require a larger gas flow to form the boundary layer.
In order to further reduce the consumption of high-pressure air, the small holes are arranged in the range of one third of the distance from the end part of the blade, and preferably, three air chambers are arranged in the blade, and the pressure of the three air chambers is also gradually reduced from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade.
In order to be beneficial to forming a boundary layer on the surface of the blade by the jet flow at the outlet of the array small hole, the opening direction of the small hole is the normal direction of the surface of the blade, the shape of the small hole is an ellipse, the length of the short shaft is 3-5 mm, the ratio of the long shaft to the short shaft is 1.5-2.5, and the direction of the short shaft is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the blade during rotation.
Preferably, the small holes are arranged on the blade in a staggered array, and the ratio of the hole pitch to the long axis is 5-8.
In order to realize the automatic operation of the system for preventing the wind turbine blades from being frozen, the control system judges whether the compressor is started or not according to local meteorological parameters, and when the meteorological parameters cause the wind turbine blades to be frozen, the compressor is started, otherwise, the compressor is not started.
In order to achieve the optimal blade icing prevention effect under the condition of a small high-pressure air quantity, the control system adjusts the pressure of the high-pressure air entering a blade air chamber according to local meteorological parameters, when the meteorological parameters easily cause the blades of the wind turbine to be iced, the pressure of the high-pressure air is increased, and otherwise, the pressure is reduced.
Because the direction of the high-pressure air sprayed out of the surface of the blade is opposite to the rotating direction of the fan, the air flow sprayed out of the small holes in the blade can push the blade to rotate, part of energy is recovered, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The blade anti-icing method by utilizing the blade anti-icing system of the wind driven generator comprises the following steps:
(1) the control system judges whether blade icing is caused or not according to meteorological parameters, and if the blade icing is caused, the control system controls the compressor to be started;
(2) high-pressure air enters the cabin sub-air chambers through the air pipelines and is conveyed to each air chamber of the wind turbine blades;
(3) high-pressure air in the air chamber is sprayed out through small holes on the surface of the blade, and small hole jet flow arranged in an array forms a boundary layer on the surface of the blade;
(4) the small liquid drops can not penetrate through the boundary layer to contact with the surface of the blade, the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the surface of the blade are blown off from the surface of the blade, and a water film attached to the surface of the blade is quickly evaporated under the action of dry air flow;
(5) the control system regulates the pressure of the high-pressure air entering the blade air chamber by controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters;
(6) when the meteorological parameters indicate that the blades are not frozen, the control system controls the compressor to be closed.
In the step (1), the control system starts the compressor in advance according to meteorological parameters; and (6) the control system delays to close the compressor according to the meteorological parameters.
In the step (2), the pressure of each air chamber of the wind turbine blade is controlled to be gradually reduced from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade by controlling the opening of each pressure regulating valve.
And (5) adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure air entering each blade air chamber according to local meteorological parameters, when the meteorological parameters easily cause the blades of the wind turbine to be frozen, increasing the pressure of the high-pressure air by controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve, and otherwise, reducing the pressure of the high-pressure air.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model discloses a aerogenerator blade anti-icing system only needs to arrange the array aperture near the position of leading edge on blade windward side and leeward side, and the boundary layer that utilizes highly-compressed air to form can effectually prevent that the wind energy conversion system blade from freezing, has simple structure, and the energy consumption is little and can the advantage of automatic operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of an anti-icing system for a wind turbine blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout view of the air chambers and the small holes in the blade according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blade in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the formation of the boundary layer on the surface of the blade according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention without limiting it.
As shown in FIG. 1, the anti-icing system for the blades of the wind driven generator comprises a tower 1, the blades 2, a cabin air distribution chamber 3, a control signal 4, a control system 5, air 6, a compressor 7 and a pressure regulating valve 8. The compressor 7 is arranged at the bottom of the tower 1, the cabin air distribution chamber 3 is communicated with the compressor 7 through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves 8, and the control system 5 controls the operation of the compressor 7 and the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves 8 according to the control signals 4.
The compressor 7 pressurizes cold air at normal pressure into a high-pressure air source, the high-pressure air is divided into multiple paths and is subjected to pressure regulation through the pressure regulating valve 8, the high-pressure air is distributed to the air chamber inside each blade 2 through the cabin air distribution chamber 3, and the pressure regulating valve 8 is used for controlling the high-pressure air pressure of the corresponding air chamber.
According to the characteristic of icing of the actual wind turbine blade, the icing degree is gradually reduced from the blade end to the blade root, wherein the icing mainly occurs on the windward side and the blade end of the blade. In order to effectively prevent the blade from icing and reduce the use amount of high-pressure air, the air chamber and the small hole of the blade of the embodiment are arranged as shown in fig. 2 to 5.
Referring to fig. 2, the device comprises a high-pressure air source 201 after pressure regulation, an air chamber 202, an air chamber 203, an air chamber 204 and a blade surface small hole 205, wherein the high-pressure air source is sprayed out through the small hole 205 to form a boundary layer. In the embodiment, the small holes are staggered at the end part of one third of the length of the blade, the opening direction of the small holes is the normal direction of the surface of the blade, and the number of the small holes is gradually reduced from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade. Three air chambers are arranged in the blade, high-pressure air flows into the corresponding air chambers and then flows out from the small holes, and the pressure of the three air chambers of the blade is adjusted by the pressure adjusting valve, so that the pressure of the air chambers in the blade is gradually reduced from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade. Specifically, the pressure of the air chamber 204 is greater than that of the air chamber 203, the air chamber 203 is greater than that of the air chamber 202, the number of small holes corresponding to the same air chamber 204 is greater than that of the air chamber 203, and the air chamber 203 is greater than that of the air chamber 202.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the apertures 205 are arranged on the windward and leeward sides of the blade near the leading edge. As shown in fig. 5, the small holes 205 on the blade surface of the present embodiment are oval, high-pressure air is ejected from the small holes 205 on the blade surface to form an umbrella-shaped structure 207, and the high-pressure air ejected from the array further forms a boundary layer 206.
In this embodiment, the principle of preventing icing is as follows: firstly, after being pressurized, the cold air rises in temperature, flows in the blade air chamber and has the function of heating the blades, and supercooled water drops are prevented from touching the blades and being frozen; secondly, high-pressure air is sprayed out through the array small holes, an adhesion layer is formed on the surface of the blade, small liquid drops are difficult to penetrate through the adhesion layer and adhere to the surface of the blade, the probability of collision between the liquid drops and the blade is reduced, and for large liquid drops with large inertia, the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the blade are quickly blown off the surface of the blade; finally, after the air is subjected to pressurization and water removal, the water content of the high-pressure air is very low, and the large liquid drops collide with a water film adhered to the surface of the blade and are quickly evaporated under the action of a dry boundary layer formed by the high-pressure air, so that the large liquid drops are prevented from being adhered to the surface of the blade and being frozen.
In the embodiment, the control system judges whether the compressor is started or not according to local meteorological parameters, and when the meteorological parameters cause the blades of the wind turbine to be frozen (the temperature is minus 20 ℃ to 0 ℃, and the liquid water content is more than 0.2 g/m)3) The compressor is started, otherwise it is not started. And further adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure air entering the blade air chamber according to local meteorological parameters, and when the meteorological parameters easily cause the icing of the wind turbine blades (the lower the temperature is, the higher the liquid water content is), increasing the pressure of the high-pressure air, or else, decreasing the pressure of the high-pressure air.
Because the direction of the high-pressure air sprayed out of the surface of the blade is the same as the wind direction, the blade can be pushed to rotate, partial energy is recycled, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The steps of utilizing the system for preventing the wind turbine blade from icing of the embodiment to prevent the blade from icing are as follows:
(1) starting a compressor according to meteorological parameters;
(2) high-pressure air is conveyed to each air chamber of the wind turbine blade through a pipeline;
(3) high-pressure air in the air chamber is sprayed out through small holes on the surface of the blade, and the small hole jet flow arranged in an array forms a boundary layer on the windward side of the blade;
(4) the small liquid drops can not penetrate through the boundary layer to contact with the surface of the blade, the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the surface of the blade are blown off from the surface of the blade, and a water film attached to the surface of the blade is quickly evaporated under the action of dry air flow;
(5) adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure air entering the blade air chamber through a pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters;
(6) when the meteorological parameters indicate that the blades are not icing, the compressor is turned off.
The system for preventing the wind turbine blade from freezing only needs to arrange the array small holes on the windward side of the blade, control the starting and the closing of the compressor and adjust the pressure of each air chamber in the blade according to meteorological parameters, and prevent the wind turbine blade from freezing by utilizing the boundary layer formed by spraying high-pressure air through the small holes on the surface of the blade.
The above-mentioned embodiment is to the technical solution and the beneficial effects of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that the above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, not used for limiting the present invention, any modification, supplement and equivalent replacement made within the principle scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An anti-icing system for blades of a wind driven generator comprises a tower and blades arranged on the tower, and is characterized in that small holes which are arranged in an array mode are arranged on the windward side and the leeward side of each blade, close to the front edge, the inner part of each blade is provided with a plurality of air chambers, and each air chamber is respectively communicated with an engine room air distribution chamber arranged on the tower;
the cabin air distribution chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters.
2. The aerogenerator blade anti-icing system of claim 1 wherein the number of apertures decreases from the blade tip to the blade root.
3. The blade anti-icing system of wind driven generator according to claim 1, wherein the opening direction of the small holes is normal to the blade surface, the shape is elliptical, the minor axis is 3-5 mm long, the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 1.5-2.5, and the direction of the minor axis is consistent with the linear velocity direction of the blade when rotating.
4. The aerogenerator blade anti-icing system as defined in claim 3, wherein the small holes are arranged in a staggered array on the blade, and the ratio of the hole pitch to the long axis is 5 to 8.
5. The aerogenerator blade anti-icing system of claim 1 wherein the pressure of the air chambers decreases gradually from the blade tip to the blade root, the pressure of each air chamber being controlled by the nacelle air chamber and the pressure regulating valve.
6. The aerogenerator blade anti-icing system as defined in claim 1, wherein the small holes are provided on the blade within a third of the distance from the end of the blade, and three air chambers are provided inside the blade to supply air to the small holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921024950.2U CN210317624U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921024950.2U CN210317624U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator |
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| CN210317624U true CN210317624U (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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| CN201921024950.2U Active CN210317624U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110374827A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and method |
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2019
- 2019-07-03 CN CN201921024950.2U patent/CN210317624U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110374827A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-10-25 | 浙江大学 | A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and method |
| CN110374827B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2023-09-22 | 浙江大学 | Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade |
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