CN110374827A - A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and method - Google Patents

A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110374827A
CN110374827A CN201910594221.9A CN201910594221A CN110374827A CN 110374827 A CN110374827 A CN 110374827A CN 201910594221 A CN201910594221 A CN 201910594221A CN 110374827 A CN110374827 A CN 110374827A
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blade
pressure
air
aperture
wind
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CN201910594221.9A
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CN110374827B (en
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薛志亮
周永刚
施子福
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40Ice detection; De-icing means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and methods, wherein system includes pylon and the blade that is mounted on pylon, the blade is provided with the aperture of array arrangement on windward side and leeward close to up-front position, every blade interior is equipped with several gas chambers, and each gas chamber is connected to the cabin sub-air chamber being arranged on pylon respectively;The cabin sub-air chamber is communicated with compressor by several air pipelines with pressure regulator valve;The compressor and pressure regulator valve are controlled by control system, and the control system is according to the operation of meteorologic parameter automatic control compressor and the aperture of pressure regulator valve.The present invention controls the pressure of each gas chamber in the starting and closing and adjusting blade of compressor according to meteorologic parameter, spraying the boundary-layer to be formed by blade surface aperture using pressure-air prevents pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing, it is simple with structure, energy consumption it is small and can automatic operating the advantages of.

Description

A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and method
Technical field
It is anti-freeze more particularly, to a kind of blade of wind-driven generator the invention belongs to the anti-deicing field of blade of wind-driven generator System and method.
Background technique
Wind energy has renewable, pollution-free and big reserves advantage, transforms wind energy into electric energy using wind-driven generator It is one of the important sources of present green energy resource.In order to improve the installed capacity of wind energy conversion system, wind is installed at cold district (high mountain) The case where power machine, is more and more, and main cause is that the atmospheric density of cold district is higher, and the wind that the big temperature difference is formed is stronger, is conducive to The utilization of wind energy.The shape on pneumatic equipment bladess surface is very big on the influence of the utilization efficiency of wind energy, in high latitude or high altitude localities Winter, the pneumatic equipment bladess that the super-cooling waterdrop in air encounters operation can cause blade surface to freeze, to wind energy conversion system operating Safety and economy cause serious influence.
Icing on pneumatic equipment bladess can change blade shape, and surface becomes rougher, substantially reduces pneumatic equipment bladess Aerodynamic characteristic leads to the reduction of wind energy conversion system output power;Since the icing on blade is not uniformly, to destroy pneumatic equipment bladess Dynamic balancing increases components ' load, to reduce the service life of wind energy conversion system;Meanwhile the load for the generation that freezes also will increase tower The stress of frame, leads to structural failure and electric fault;It can especially be taken to engineering when the berg on pneumatic equipment bladess falls off Business personnel and neighbouring resident generate security threat, especially when wind energy conversion system is with highway, house and adjacent supply line.
Existing anti-icing, clearing ice technology can be divided into actively and passively two class.Passive anti-icing technology has thin ice coating and dredges Water coating, using they anti-adhesion properties can anti-stagnant ice or water adhesion in blade surface, certain applications are in wind energy conversion system leaf In the manufacture of piece.Active clearing ice technology mainly removes the ice on blade by the method for heating, and principle is when blade freezes When generation, so that accumulated ice layer and pneumatic equipment bladess surface is formed water membrane by heating, makes the viscous of accumulated ice using the moisture film of formation Attached power reduces, and in wind energy conversion system operating, centrifugal force dishes out accumulated ice.The mode of heating has electric heating and thermal current heating.Due to The temperature of the reason of pneumatic equipment bladess material, heater blade cannot be too high, under some extreme ice conditions, the effect of deicing It is limited.There are also some new clearing ice technologies, such as microwave ice removing, electromagnetic induction deicing etc. is in the laboratory research stage, at present There are no practical application mistakes.
Pneumatic equipment bladess icing bring harm be it is huge, how effectively to prevent pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing, to wind-force The safe and efficient operation of machine has very great meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system and methods, can effectively prevent wind energy conversion system leaf Piece freezes, and guarantees the safe and efficient operation of wind energy conversion system.
A kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system, including pylon and the blade being mounted on pylon, the blade The aperture of array arrangement is provided with close to up-front position on windward side and leeward, every blade interior is equipped with several Gas chamber, each gas chamber are connected to the cabin sub-air chamber being arranged on pylon respectively;
The cabin sub-air chamber is communicated with compressor by several air pipelines with pressure regulator valve;The compressor with Pressure regulator valve is controlled by control system, operation and pressure regulator valve of the control system according to meteorologic parameter automatic control compressor Aperture.
Compressor of the invention can be set in the bottom of pylon, and the cold air of normal pressure is pressurised into high pressure gas by compressor Source, while the temperature of air increases, pressure-air is divided into multichannel by pressure regulator valve pressure regulation, then is assigned to by air pipeline each The gas chamber of blade is sprayed from the hole array of blade surface, is formed boundary-layer in blade surface, is prevented blade from freezing.
The principle for preventing from freezing of present system is as follows: temperature increases after cold air pressurization first, in blade gas chamber Interior flowing plays the role of heating to blade, prevents super-cooling waterdrop from encountering blade icing;Secondly pressure-air is sprayed by hole array Out, boundary-layer is formed in blade surface, for droplet, it is more difficult to be adhered to blade surface across boundary-layer, reduce drop and leaf The droplet formed after the probability that piece is hit, and big drop biggish for inertia, with blade collision is quickly by the blade table that blows off Face;Finally due to the pressurized water removal of air after, the water content of pressure-air is very low, and big droplet collision is adhered to the water of blade surface Film evaporates quickly under the action of the drying boundary-layer that pressure-air is formed, it is therefore prevented that big drop is adhered in blade surface to freeze.
According to the feature that practical pneumatic equipment bladess freeze, when rotated due to fan blade, from blade tip to blade root The linear velocity in portion is gradually reduced, and the quantity and probability for encountering drop are also gradually reduced.Therefore, it freezes and occurs mainly in blade windward Close to up-front position on face and leeward, and gradually weaken from blade tip to blade root icing degree.
While preventing pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing, in order to reduce the dosage of pressure-air, preferred blade arrangement it is small Hole number is gradually decreased from blade tip to root of blade.
Preferably, the pressure of the gas chamber is also gradually reduced from blade tip to root of blade, the pressure of each gas chamber by Cabin sub-air chamber and pressure regulator valve control.Linear velocity close to blade tip is big, therefore bigger by the aperture of close end needs Air-flow forms boundary-layer.
In order to be further reduced the dosage of pressure-air, the model on blade apart from blade tip one third is arranged in aperture In enclosing, preferred blade interior arranges three gas chambers, and the pressure of three gas chambers is also gradually to drop from blade tip to root of blade It is low.
Boundary-layer is formed in blade surface in order to be conducive to the jet stream of hole array outlet, the opening direction of the aperture is The normal direction of blade surface, shape are ellipse, and the long 3~5mm of short axle, ratio of semi-minor axis length is 1.5~2.5, the direction of short axle and leaf Linear velocity direction when piece rotates is consistent.
Further preferably, the aperture staggered arrangement on blade, the ratio between pitch of holes and long axis are 5~8.
In order to realize the automatic operating for preventing pneumatic equipment bladess anti-icing system, control system is sentenced according to local meteorologic parameter Whether disconnected compressor starts, and when meteorologic parameter can cause pneumatic equipment bladess to freeze, otherwise compressor start does not start.
In order to which what is be optimal under lesser pressure-air amount prevents blade freezing effects, control system is according to working as ground vapour As parameter regulation enters the high-pressure air pressure of blade gas chamber, when meteorologic parameter, which easily causes pneumatic equipment bladess, to freeze, it is turned up Otherwise high-pressure air pressure reduces.
Due to pressure-air rotated with blower in the direction that blade surface sprays it is contrary, from small on blade The air-flow that hole sprays can push blade to rotate, and recovery section energy reduces energy consumption.
The present invention also provides a kind of anti-freeze methods of blade of wind-driven generator, anti-using above-mentioned blade of wind-driven generator Anti-icing system, comprising:
(1) control system judges whether blade can be caused to freeze according to meteorologic parameter, if can cause to freeze, control is opened Dynamic compressor;
(2) pressure-air enters cabin sub-air chamber by air pipeline, and is transported to each gas chamber of pneumatic equipment bladess;
(3) the indoor pressure-air of gas is sprayed by the aperture of blade surface, and the orifice jet of array arrangement is in blade Surface forms boundary-layer;
(4) droplet can not pass through boundary-layer and contact with blade surface, and big drop forms small after colliding with blade surface By the blade surface that blows off, the moisture film for being attached to blade surface evaporates drop quickly under the action of dry gas stream;
(5) control system enters the pressure-air of blade gas chamber according to meteorologic parameter by controlling the aperture regulation of pressure regulator valve Pressure;
(6) when meteorologic parameter shows that blade will not freeze, control system controls close compressor.
In step (1), control system is according to meteorologic parameter pre-cooling compressor;In step (6), control system is according to gas As parameter late release compressor.
In step (2), by controlling the aperture of each pressure regulator valve, the pressure of each gas chamber of pneumatic equipment bladess is controlled from blade End is gradually decreased to root of blade.
In step (5), the high-pressure air pressure for entering each blade gas chamber is adjusted according to local meteorologic parameter, when meteorology is joined When number easily causes pneumatic equipment bladess icing, high-pressure air pressure is turned up in the aperture by controlling pressure regulator valve, otherwise reduces high pressure Air pressure.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system of the invention and method, only need to be close on blade windward side and leeward Up-front location arrangements hole array can effectively prevent pneumatic equipment bladess using the boundary-layer that pressure-air is formed and freeze, It is simple with structure, energy consumption it is small and can automatic operating the advantages of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure diagram of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the gas chamber and aperture arrangement figure in the embodiment of the present invention in blade;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of blade in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of region A in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is that blade surface boundary-layer forms schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it should be pointed out that reality as described below It applies example to be intended to convenient for the understanding of the present invention, and does not play any restriction effect to it.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system, including pylon 1, blade 2, cabin sub-air chamber 3, control Signal 4, control system 5, air 6, compressor 7 and pressure regulator valve 8 processed.Compressor 7 is arranged in the bottom of pylon 1, cabin sub-air chamber 3 It is connected to by several air pipelines with pressure regulator valve 8 with compressor 7, control system 5 controls compression according to control signal 4 The operation of machine 7 and the aperture of pressure regulator valve 8.
The cold air of normal pressure is pressurised into high-pressure air source by compressor 7, and pressure-air is divided into multichannel and passes through 8 pressure regulation of pressure regulator valve, The gas chamber inside each blade 2 is assigned to by cabin sub-air chamber 3 again, the pressure-air of corresponding gas chamber is controlled using pressure regulator valve 8 Pressure.
According to the feature that practical pneumatic equipment bladess freeze, windward side and the blade tip of blade are occurred mainly in, from blade Gradually weaken to blade root icing degree end.In order to effectively prevent blade to freeze, reduce the dosage of pressure-air, the present embodiment The gas chamber and aperture arrangement of blade are as shown in Fig. 2~Fig. 5.
Referring to fig. 2, including the high-pressure air source 201 after pressure regulation, gas chamber 202, gas chamber 203, gas chamber 204, blade surface aperture 205, high-pressure air source sprays the boundary-layer formed through aperture 205.It is only wrong in the end of length of blade one third in the present embodiment Column arrangement aperture, the opening direction of aperture are the normal direction of blade surface, and small hole number gradually subtracts from blade tip to root of blade It is few.Three gas chambers are arranged in blade interior, and pressure-air flows in corresponding gas chamber to flow out from aperture again, utilizes pressure regulation valve regulation leaf The pressure of three gas chambers of piece, gradually decreases the pressure of blade interior gas chamber from blade tip to root of blade.Specifically, gas chamber 204 pressure is greater than gas chamber 203, and gas chamber 203 is greater than gas chamber 202, and the corresponding small hole number of same gas chamber 204 is greater than gas chamber 203, gas chamber 203 is greater than gas chamber 202.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, aperture 205 is arranged on blade windward side and leeward close to up-front position.Such as Fig. 5 Shown, the aperture 205 of the blade surface of the present embodiment is ellipse, and pressure-air is sprayed in the aperture 205 of blade surface, formed Umbrella-shaped structure 207, the pressure-air that array sprays are further formed boundary-layer 206.
In the present embodiment, prevent the principle to freeze as follows: temperature increases after cold air pressurization first, in blade gas chamber Flowing plays the role of heating to blade, prevents super-cooling waterdrop from encountering blade icing;Secondly pressure-air is sprayed by hole array, Boundary-layer is formed in blade surface, for droplet, it is more difficult to be adhered to blade surface across boundary-layer, reduce drop and hit with blade The droplet formed after the probability hit, and big drop biggish for inertia, with blade collision is quickly by the blade surface that blows off;Most Afterwards due to the pressurized water removal of air after, the water content of pressure-air is very low, and the moisture film that big droplet collision is adhered to blade surface exists It is evaporated quickly under the action of the drying boundary-layer that pressure-air is formed, it is therefore prevented that big drop is adhered in blade surface to freeze.
In the present embodiment, control system judges whether compressor starts according to local meteorologic parameter, when meteorologic parameter can draw Rise pneumatic equipment bladess freeze when (- 20 DEG C of temperature~0 DEG C, Liquid water content be greater than 0.2g/m3), otherwise compressor start does not open It is dynamic.The high-pressure air pressure for entering blade gas chamber is further adjusted according to local meteorologic parameter, when meteorologic parameter easily causes wind When power machine blade freezes (temperature is lower, and Liquid water content is higher), high-pressure air pressure is turned up, otherwise reduces.
Since pressure-air is identical as wind direction in the direction that blade surface sprays, blade can be pushed to rotate, recovery section Energy reduces energy consumption.
A kind of method implementation steps for preventing pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing of the present embodiment are as follows:
(1) compressor is started according to meteorologic parameter;
(2) each gas chamber that pressure-air passes through Pipeline transport to pneumatic equipment bladess;
(3) the indoor pressure-air of gas is sprayed by the aperture of blade surface, and the orifice jet of array arrangement is in blade Windward side forms boundary-layer;
(4) droplet can not pass through boundary-layer and contact with blade surface, and big drop forms small after colliding with blade surface By the blade surface that blows off, the moisture film for being attached to blade surface evaporates drop quickly under the action of dry gas stream;
(5) enter the high-pressure air pressure of blade gas chamber by pressure regulation valve regulation according to meteorologic parameter;
(6) when meteorologic parameter shows that blade will not freeze, close compressor.
The system and method for preventing pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing of the present embodiment only need to arrange that array is small in blade windward side Hole is controlled the pressure of each gas chamber in the starting and closing and adjusting blade of compressor according to meteorologic parameter, is passed through using pressure-air Crossing blade surface aperture and spraying the boundary-layer to be formed prevents pneumatic equipment bladess from freezing, and has structure simple, energy consumption it is small and can from The advantages of dynamicization is run.
Technical solution of the present invention and beneficial effect is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that Above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all to be done in spirit of the invention Any modification, supplementary, and equivalent replacement, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system, including pylon and the blade being mounted on pylon, which is characterized in that The blade is provided with the aperture of array arrangement on windward side and leeward close to up-front position, and every blade interior is all provided with There are several gas chambers, each gas chamber is connected to the cabin sub-air chamber being arranged on pylon respectively;
The cabin sub-air chamber is communicated with compressor by several air pipelines with pressure regulator valve;The compressor and pressure regulation Valve is controlled by control system, and the control system is according to the operation of meteorologic parameter automatic control compressor and opening for pressure regulator valve Degree.
2. blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the aperture from Blade tip is gradually decreased to root of blade.
3. blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aperture side of the aperture To the normal direction for blade surface, shape is ellipse, and the long 3~5mm of short axle, ratio of semi-minor axis length is 1.5~2.5, the setting of short axle Linear velocity direction when direction is rotated with blade is consistent.
4. blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the aperture is in blade Upper staggered arrangement, the ratio between pitch of holes and long axis are 5~8.
5. blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure of the gas chamber from Blade tip is gradually reduced to root of blade, and the pressure of each gas chamber is controlled by cabin sub-air chamber and pressure regulator valve.
6. blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aperture is arranged in leaf On piece in the range of blade tip one third, blade interior set there are three gas chamber be aperture supply.
7. a kind of anti-freeze method of blade of wind-driven generator, which is characterized in that use claim 1~6 any claim institute The blade of wind-driven generator ice protection system stated, comprising:
(1) control system judges whether blade can be caused to freeze according to meteorologic parameter, if can cause to freeze, controls starting pressure Contracting machine;
(2) pressure-air enters cabin sub-air chamber by air pipeline, and is transported to each gas chamber of pneumatic equipment bladess;
(3) the indoor pressure-air of gas is sprayed by the aperture of blade surface, and the orifice jet of array arrangement is on the surface of blade Form boundary-layer;
(4) droplet can not pass through boundary-layer and contact with blade surface, the droplet formed after big drop and blade surface collision By the blade surface that blows off, the moisture film for being attached to blade surface evaporates quickly under the action of dry gas stream;
(5) control system enters the pressure-air pressure of blade gas chamber according to meteorologic parameter by controlling the aperture regulation of pressure regulator valve Power;
(6) when meteorologic parameter shows that blade will not freeze, control system controls close compressor.
8. the anti-freeze method of blade of wind-driven generator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (1), control system System is according to meteorologic parameter pre-cooling compressor;In step (6), control system is according to meteorologic parameter late release compressor.
9. the anti-freeze method of blade of wind-driven generator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (2), pass through control The aperture of each pressure regulator valve is made, the pressure of the control each gas chamber of pneumatic equipment bladess is gradually decreased from blade tip to root of blade.
10. the anti-freeze method of blade of wind-driven generator according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in step (5), according to Local meteorologic parameter adjusts the high-pressure air pressure for entering each blade gas chamber, when meteorologic parameter easily causes pneumatic equipment bladess knot When ice, high-pressure air pressure is turned up in the aperture by controlling pressure regulator valve, otherwise reduces high-pressure air pressure.
CN201910594221.9A 2019-07-03 2019-07-03 Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade Active CN110374827B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111794919A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-20 三一重能有限公司 Wind driven generator blade deicing equipment and wind driven generator blade deicing method
CN112594126A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-02 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 Wind turbine blade with hot gas anti-icing air film jet hole

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US20180112596A1 (en) * 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Olivier DE VRIENDT Deicing nose of an axial turbine engine compressor
CN109505729A (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-22 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 Wind turbine blade with cover plate for hot air exhaust shielding for deicing and/or anti-icing
CN210317624U (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-04-14 浙江大学 Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006514190A (en) * 2003-10-16 2006-04-27 バッティスティ,ロレンツォ Anti-icing system for wind power plant
CN102562487A (en) * 2012-03-13 2012-07-11 国电联合动力技术有限公司 Wind turbine blade with anti-ice/ice-removing function
EP2801721A2 (en) * 2013-05-09 2014-11-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine blade, and deicing apparatus and deicing method for the same
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CN210317624U (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-04-14 浙江大学 Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111794919A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-20 三一重能有限公司 Wind driven generator blade deicing equipment and wind driven generator blade deicing method
CN112594126A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-02 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 Wind turbine blade with hot gas anti-icing air film jet hole

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