CN110374827B - Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade - Google Patents

Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110374827B
CN110374827B CN201910594221.9A CN201910594221A CN110374827B CN 110374827 B CN110374827 B CN 110374827B CN 201910594221 A CN201910594221 A CN 201910594221A CN 110374827 B CN110374827 B CN 110374827B
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blade
air
pressure
compressor
wind turbine
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CN110374827A (en
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薛志亮
周永刚
施子福
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40Ice detection; De-icing means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blades, wherein the system comprises a tower and blades arranged on the tower, small holes which are arranged in an array are arranged at positions, close to the front edge, on a windward side and a leeward side of the blades, a plurality of air chambers are arranged in each blade, and each air chamber is respectively communicated with a cabin air distribution chamber arranged on the tower; the cabin air dividing chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters. The invention controls the starting and closing of the compressor and adjusts the pressure of each air chamber in the blade according to the meteorological parameters, utilizes the auxiliary surface layer formed by the high-pressure air sprayed out through the small holes on the surface of the blade to prevent the blade of the wind turbine from freezing, and has the advantages of simple structure, small energy consumption and automatic operation.

Description

Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ice prevention and removal of wind driven generator blades, and particularly relates to an ice prevention system and method for wind driven generator blades.
Background
Wind energy has the advantages of being renewable, pollution-free and large in reserve, and the adoption of a wind driven generator to convert wind energy into electric energy is one of the important sources of current green energy. In order to improve the installed capacity of the wind turbine, the wind turbine is installed in a cold area (mountain) more and more, and the main reason is that the air density in the cold area is higher, the wind formed by large temperature difference is stronger, and the wind energy utilization is facilitated. The shape of the surface of the wind turbine blade has a great influence on the utilization efficiency of wind energy, and supercooled water drops in the air collide with the running wind turbine blade in winter in high-latitude or high-altitude areas to cause icing on the surface of the blade, so that the running safety and economy of the wind turbine are seriously affected.
Icing on the wind turbine blade can change the shape of the blade, the surface becomes rougher, the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine blade are greatly reduced, and the output power of the wind turbine is reduced; because the icing on the blades is not uniform, the dynamic balance of the wind turbine blades is damaged, and the load of components is increased, so that the service life of the wind turbine is reduced; meanwhile, the load generated by icing can also increase the stress of the tower, resulting in structural damage and electrical failure; particularly when large ice pieces on the wind turbine blades come off, can pose a safety threat to engineering service personnel and nearby residents, especially when the wind turbine is adjacent to roads, houses and transportation lines.
Existing anti-icing and deicing techniques can be divided into active and passive types. Passive anti-icing techniques, which have been used in part in the manufacture of wind turbine blades, include ice-repellent coatings and hydrophobic coatings, which, by virtue of their anti-adhesion properties, prevent ice or water from adhering to the blade surface. The active deicing technology mainly removes ice on the blade by a heating method, and the principle is that when the blade is frozen, a layer of water film is formed on the surface of the ice accumulation layer and the surface of the blade of the wind turbine by heating, the adhesion force of the ice accumulation is reduced by utilizing the formed water film, and the ice accumulation is thrown out by centrifugal force when the wind turbine runs. The heating mode is electric heating and hot air flow heating. Due to the material of the wind turbine blade, the temperature of the heating blade cannot be too high, and in some extreme icing conditions, the deicing effect is limited. There are also new deicing technologies, such as microwave deicing, electromagnetic induction deicing, etc., which are in laboratory research phase and are not yet practically applied.
The damage caused by the icing of the wind turbine blade is huge, and the method for effectively preventing the icing of the wind turbine blade has great significance for the safe and efficient operation of the wind turbine.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-icing system and method for wind turbine blades, which can effectively prevent the wind turbine blades from icing and ensure the safe and efficient operation of a wind turbine.
The wind driven generator blade anti-icing system comprises a tower and blades arranged on the tower, wherein small holes which are arranged in an array are formed in positions, close to the front edge, of the blades on the windward side and the leeward side, a plurality of air chambers are arranged in each blade, and each air chamber is communicated with a cabin air distribution chamber arranged on the tower;
the cabin air dividing chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters.
The compressor can be arranged at the bottom of the tower, the compressor pressurizes normal-pressure cold air into a high-pressure air source, the temperature of the air is increased, the high-pressure air is divided into a plurality of paths, the pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating valve, the air is distributed to the air chamber of each blade through the air pipeline, the air is sprayed out from the array small holes on the surface of the blade, and an adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the blade to prevent the blade from icing.
The principle of icing prevention of the system of the invention is as follows: firstly, the temperature of the cold air rises after being pressurized, and the cold air flows in the blade air chamber to heat the blades, so that supercooled water drops are prevented from touching the blades to freeze; secondly, high-pressure air is sprayed out through the array small holes to form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade, small liquid drops are difficult to pass through the auxiliary surface layer and adhere to the surface of the blade, the probability of collision between the liquid drops and the blade is reduced, and for large liquid drops with larger inertia, the small liquid drops formed after collision with the blade are blown off the surface of the blade quickly; finally, as the water content of the high-pressure air is very low after the air is pressurized and dehydrated, the water film adhered to the surface of the blade by the large liquid drops is quickly evaporated under the action of the drying boundary layer formed by the high-pressure air, thereby preventing the large liquid drops from adhering and icing on the surface of the blade.
According to the icing characteristic of the actual wind turbine blade, as the fan blade rotates, the linear speed from the blade end to the blade root gradually decreases, and the number and probability of hitting the liquid drop also gradually decreases. Thus, icing occurs primarily on the windward and leeward sides of the blade near the leading edge, and gradually decreases in icing from the blade end to the blade root.
In order to reduce the amount of high pressure air used while preventing icing of the wind turbine blade, the preferred blade arrangement has a decreasing number of small holes from the blade end to the blade root.
Preferably, the pressure of the air chambers also gradually decreases from the blade end to the blade root, and the pressure of each air chamber is controlled by the cabin air dividing chamber and the pressure regulating valve. The linear velocity near the blade ends is high and thus the small holes near the ends require more airflow to form the boundary layer.
In order to further reduce the amount of high-pressure air, the small holes are arranged on the blade within a third of the distance from the blade end, preferably three air chambers are arranged inside the blade, and the pressure of the three air chambers is gradually reduced from the blade end to the blade root.
In order to facilitate the jet flow of the outlets of the array small holes to form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade, the direction of the opening of the small holes is the normal direction of the surface of the blade, the shape is elliptical, the length of the short shaft is 3-5 mm, the ratio of the long shaft to the short shaft is 1.5-2.5, and the direction of the short shaft is consistent with the direction of the linear speed when the blade rotates.
Further preferably, the small holes are arranged in a staggered array on the blade, and the ratio of the hole spacing to the long axis is 5-8.
In order to realize the automatic operation of the system for preventing the wind turbine blade from icing, the control system judges whether the compressor is started according to the local weather parameters, when the weather parameters can cause the wind turbine blade to freeze, the compressor is started, and otherwise, the compressor is not started.
In order to achieve optimal blade icing prevention at low high pressure air volumes, the control system adjusts the high pressure air pressure entering the blade air chamber according to local weather parameters, and when weather parameters easily cause the wind turbine blade to freeze, the high pressure air pressure is adjusted to be high, otherwise, the high pressure air pressure is reduced.
Because the direction of the high-pressure air sprayed on the surface of the blade is opposite to the rotating direction of the fan, the air flow sprayed from the small holes on the blade can push the blade to rotate, part of energy is recovered, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The invention also provides an anti-icing method for the wind driven generator blade, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) The control system judges whether the blade is frozen or not according to the meteorological parameters, and if the blade is frozen, the control system controls the starting of the compressor;
(2) The high-pressure air enters the cabin air dividing chamber through an air pipeline and is conveyed to each air chamber of the wind turbine blade;
(3) High-pressure air in the air chamber is sprayed out through small holes on the surface of the blade, and small hole jet flows arranged in an array form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade;
(4) The small liquid drops can not pass through the surface layer to contact with the surface of the blade, and the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the surface of the blade are blown off the surface of the blade, so that a water film attached to the surface of the blade is quickly evaporated under the action of dry air flow;
(5) The control system adjusts the pressure of high-pressure air entering the blade air chamber by controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to the meteorological parameters;
(6) The control system controls the compressor to shut down when the meteorological parameters indicate that the blade is not icing.
In the step (1), a control system starts a compressor in advance according to meteorological parameters; in step (6), the control system delays turning off the compressor according to the weather parameter.
In the step (2), the opening degree of each pressure regulating valve is controlled, so that the pressure of each air chamber of the wind turbine blade is controlled to gradually decrease from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade.
In the step (5), the high-pressure air pressure entering each blade air chamber is regulated according to the local weather parameters, when the weather parameters easily cause the wind turbine blade to freeze, the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve is controlled to regulate the high-pressure air pressure, and otherwise, the high-pressure air pressure is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the anti-icing system and method for the wind turbine blade, only the array small holes are arranged at the positions, close to the front edge, on the windward side and the leeward side of the blade, and the auxiliary surface layer formed by high-pressure air can effectively prevent the wind turbine blade from icing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an anti-icing system for a wind turbine blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the plenum and aperture arrangement within a blade in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a blade in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the formation of a vane surface boundary layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples described below are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in fig. 1, a wind turbine blade anti-icing system comprises a tower 1, blades 2, a cabin air-separating chamber 3, a control signal 4, a control system 5, air 6, a compressor 7 and a pressure regulating valve 8. The compressor 7 is arranged at the bottom of the tower 1, the cabin air separation chamber 3 is communicated with the compressor 7 through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves 8, and the control system 5 controls the operation of the compressor 7 and the opening degree of the pressure regulating valves 8 according to the control signal 4.
The compressor 7 pressurizes the normal-pressure cold air into a high-pressure air source, the high-pressure air is divided into multiple paths, the pressure of the high-pressure air is regulated by the pressure regulating valve 8, the high-pressure air is distributed to the air chambers inside each blade 2 through the cabin air distribution chamber 3, and the pressure of the high-pressure air of the corresponding air chamber is controlled by the pressure regulating valve 8.
According to the icing characteristics of the actual wind turbine blade, the icing mainly occurs on the windward side and the blade end of the blade, and the icing degree gradually weakens from the blade end to the blade root. In order to effectively prevent the blade from icing and reduce the consumption of high-pressure air, the air chambers and the small holes of the blade in the embodiment are arranged as shown in fig. 2-5.
Referring to fig. 2, the high-pressure air supply device comprises a high-pressure air source 201 after pressure regulation, a first air chamber 202, a second air chamber 203, a third air chamber 204, small holes 205 on the surface of a blade, and an auxiliary surface layer formed by the high-pressure air source sprayed out through the small holes 205. In this embodiment, the small holes are arranged in staggered manner only at the end part of one third of the length of the blade, the opening direction of the small holes is the normal direction of the surface of the blade, and the number of the small holes gradually decreases from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade. Three air chambers are arranged in the blade, high-pressure air flows into the corresponding air chamber and flows out from the small hole, and the pressure of the three air chambers of the blade is regulated by the pressure regulating valve, so that the pressure of the air chamber in the blade gradually decreases from the end part of the blade to the root part of the blade. Specifically, the third air chamber 204 has a pressure greater than that of the second air chamber 203, the second air chamber 203 is greater than that of the first air chamber 202, the same third air chamber 204 has a corresponding number of small holes greater than that of the second air chamber 203, and the second air chamber 203 is greater than that of the first air chamber 202.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the apertures 205 are disposed on the windward and leeward sides of the blade near the leading edge. As shown in fig. 5, the small holes 205 on the blade surface in this embodiment are elliptical, high-pressure air is ejected from the small holes 205 on the blade surface to form an umbrella-shaped structure 207, and the high-pressure air ejected from the array further forms an adhesive layer 206.
In this embodiment, the principle of preventing icing is as follows: firstly, the temperature of the cold air rises after being pressurized, and the cold air flows in the blade air chamber to heat the blades, so that supercooled water drops are prevented from touching the blades to freeze; secondly, high-pressure air is sprayed out through the array small holes to form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade, small liquid drops are difficult to pass through the auxiliary surface layer and adhere to the surface of the blade, the probability of collision between the liquid drops and the blade is reduced, and for large liquid drops with larger inertia, the small liquid drops formed after collision with the blade are blown off the surface of the blade quickly; finally, as the water content of the high-pressure air is very low after the air is pressurized and dehydrated, the water film adhered to the surface of the blade by the large liquid drops is quickly evaporated under the action of the drying boundary layer formed by the high-pressure air, thereby preventing the large liquid drops from adhering and icing on the surface of the blade.
In this embodiment, the control system determines whether the compressor is on or not according to the local weather parameters, and when the weather parameters cause icing of the wind turbine blades (air temperature-20 ℃ C. -0 ℃ C., liquid water content greater than 0.2 g/m) 3 ) The compressor is started, otherwise, the compressor is not started. The high-pressure air pressure entering the blade air chamber is further regulated according to the local meteorological parameters, and when the meteorological parameters easily cause the wind turbine blade to freeze (the lower the temperature is, the higher the liquid water content is), the high-pressure air pressure is regulated, and otherwise, the high-pressure air pressure is reduced.
Because the direction of the high-pressure air sprayed out of the surface of the blade is the same as the wind direction, the blade can be pushed to rotate, part of energy is recovered, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The implementation steps of the method for preventing the icing of the wind turbine blade in the embodiment are as follows:
(1) Starting a compressor according to meteorological parameters;
(2) The high-pressure air is conveyed to each air chamber of the wind turbine blade through a pipeline;
(3) High-pressure air in the air chamber is sprayed out through small holes on the surface of the blade, and jet flows of the small holes arranged in an array form a boundary layer on the windward side of the blade;
(4) The small liquid drops can not pass through the surface layer to contact with the surface of the blade, and the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the surface of the blade are blown off the surface of the blade, so that a water film attached to the surface of the blade is quickly evaporated under the action of dry air flow;
(5) The high-pressure air pressure entering the blade air chamber is regulated through a pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters;
(6) When the meteorological parameters indicate that the blades are not frozen, the compressor is turned off.
According to the system and the method for preventing the wind turbine blade from icing, only the array small holes are arranged on the windward side of the blade, the starting and closing of the compressor are controlled according to the meteorological parameters, the pressure of each air chamber in the blade is regulated, and the wind turbine blade is prevented from icing by utilizing the surface layer formed by jetting high-pressure air through the small holes on the surface of the blade.
The foregoing embodiments have described in detail the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and any modifications, additions and equivalents made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The anti-icing system for the wind driven generator blade comprises a tower and blades arranged on the tower, and is characterized in that small holes which are arranged in an array are formed in the positions, close to the front edge, of the blades on the windward side and the leeward side, a plurality of air chambers are formed in each blade, and each air chamber is communicated with a cabin air distribution chamber arranged on the tower;
the direction of the opening of the small hole is the normal direction of the surface of the blade, the shape is elliptical, the length of the short shaft is 3-5 mm, the ratio of the long shaft to the short shaft is 1.5-2.5, and the setting direction of the short shaft is consistent with the direction of the linear speed when the blade rotates; the small holes are arranged on the blades in a staggered array, and the ratio of the hole spacing to the long axis is 5-8;
the cabin air dividing chamber is communicated with the compressor through a plurality of air pipelines with pressure regulating valves; the compressor and the pressure regulating valve are controlled by a control system, and the control system automatically controls the operation of the compressor and the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to meteorological parameters;
the principle of ice protection is as follows: firstly, a compressor pressurizes normal-pressure cold air into a high-pressure air source, and meanwhile, the temperature of the air rises, and the air flows in a blade air chamber to heat the blades so as to prevent supercooled water drops from touching the blades to freeze; secondly, high-pressure air is sprayed out through the array small holes to form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade, small liquid drops are difficult to pass through the auxiliary surface layer and adhere to the surface of the blade, the probability of collision between the liquid drops and the blade is reduced, and for large liquid drops with larger inertia, the small liquid drops formed after collision with the blade are blown off the surface of the blade quickly; finally, as the water content of the high-pressure air is very low after the air is pressurized and dehydrated, the water film adhered to the surface of the blade by the large liquid drops is quickly evaporated under the action of the drying boundary layer formed by the high-pressure air, thereby preventing the large liquid drops from adhering and icing on the surface of the blade.
2. A wind turbine blade ice protection system according to claim 1, wherein the number of apertures decreases gradually from the blade end to the blade root.
3. A wind turbine blade ice protection system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the air chambers decreases gradually from the blade end to the blade root, the pressure of each air chamber being controlled by the nacelle air dividing chamber and the pressure regulating valve.
4. The wind turbine blade ice protection system of claim 1, wherein said apertures are located within one third of the blade from the blade end, and three air chambers are located within the blade as small Kong Gongqi.
5. A method for preventing icing of a wind turbine blade, characterized in that the wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to any of claims 1-4 is used, comprising:
(1) The control system judges whether the blade is frozen or not according to the meteorological parameters, and if the blade is frozen, the control system controls the starting of the compressor;
(2) The high-pressure air enters the cabin air dividing chamber through an air pipeline and is conveyed to each air chamber of the wind turbine blade;
(3) High-pressure air in the air chamber is sprayed out through small holes on the surface of the blade, and small hole jet flows arranged in an array form an auxiliary surface layer on the surface of the blade;
(4) The small liquid drops can not pass through the surface layer to contact with the surface of the blade, and the small liquid drops formed after the large liquid drops collide with the surface of the blade are blown off the surface of the blade, so that a water film attached to the surface of the blade is quickly evaporated under the action of dry air flow;
(5) The control system adjusts the pressure of high-pressure air entering the blade air chamber by controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve according to the meteorological parameters;
(6) The control system controls the compressor to shut down when the meteorological parameters indicate that the blade is not icing.
6. The method for preventing ice formation on a wind turbine blade according to claim 5, wherein in step (1), the control system starts the compressor in advance according to the weather parameter; in step (6), the control system delays turning off the compressor according to the weather parameter.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the pressure of each air chamber of the wind turbine blade is controlled to gradually decrease from the blade end to the blade root by controlling the opening degree of each pressure regulating valve.
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (5), the high-pressure air pressure entering each blade air chamber is adjusted according to the local weather parameters, when the weather parameters easily cause the wind turbine blade to freeze, the high-pressure air pressure is increased by controlling the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve, otherwise the high-pressure air pressure is reduced.
CN201910594221.9A 2019-07-03 2019-07-03 Anti-icing system and method for wind driven generator blade Active CN110374827B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111794919B (en) * 2020-07-13 2021-10-29 三一重能有限公司 Wind driven generator blade deicing equipment and wind driven generator blade deicing method
CN112594126A (en) * 2020-12-02 2021-04-02 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 Wind turbine blade with hot gas anti-icing air film jet hole

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CN210317624U (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-04-14 浙江大学 Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator

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JP2006514190A (en) * 2003-10-16 2006-04-27 バッティスティ,ロレンツォ Anti-icing system for wind power plant
CN102562487A (en) * 2012-03-13 2012-07-11 国电联合动力技术有限公司 Wind turbine blade with anti-ice/ice-removing function
EP2801721A2 (en) * 2013-05-09 2014-11-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Wind turbine blade, and deicing apparatus and deicing method for the same
CN106224181B (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-10-13 东莞理工学院 A kind of method of the elimination blade ice sheet of wind-driven generator
CN109505729A (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-03-22 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 Wind turbine blade with cover plate for hot air exhaust shielding for deicing and/or anti-icing
CN107905961A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-04-13 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 The heating deicing system and its method of blade, blade and wind power generating set
CN210317624U (en) * 2019-07-03 2020-04-14 浙江大学 Anti-icing system for blades of wind driven generator

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