CN210270058U - Controllable lightning rod optical observation test device and system that discharges - Google Patents
Controllable lightning rod optical observation test device and system that discharges Download PDFInfo
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- CN210270058U CN210270058U CN201921141936.0U CN201921141936U CN210270058U CN 210270058 U CN210270058 U CN 210270058U CN 201921141936 U CN201921141936 U CN 201921141936U CN 210270058 U CN210270058 U CN 210270058U
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Abstract
The application discloses controllable lightning rod optical observation test device and system that discharges, voltage waveform through impulse voltage generator production high-amplitude, the voltage divider passes to the oscilloscope according to the voltage signal that specific proportion reduces, the oscilloscope activates high-speed camera with the signal of telecommunication of receiving as trigger signal and makes its puncture process to the clearance carry out the optical recording, the static camera is used for recording the discharge path in clearance, the lightning rod test bench is used for arranging under the preset air gap distance, the clearance discharge test content of lightning rod, can carry out the record to the discharge process and the discharge path of controllable lightning rod, the whole optical characteristic of clearance discharge is completely reflected, provide technical support for the breakdown characteristic of follow-up analysis controllable discharge lightning rod.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of discharge observation, in particular to a controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device and system.
Background
With the continuous development of optical shooting technology, intermittent discharge optical observation is gradually developed from the film method and the dust method in the early years, to the use of a rotary camera and a phase-change tube camera, to the subsequent high-speed camera, a super-high-speed camera and the like, and the shooting means of discharge optical morphology is gradually advanced. In the whole process of gap discharge, the main concerned optical index is an important index except the discharge development form, and the observation of the breakdown path can effectively determine the gap discharge arc channel and the connection point, thereby being beneficial to analyzing the gap breakdown characteristic to a certain extent.
The principle of traditional lightning rod is that the electric field under the highly messenger thundercloud of self distorts, discharges the leading guide of thunder and lightning through the distortion electric field and leads to self and reach the purpose of protection, for overcoming the not enough that traditional lightning rod exists, the researcher has developed controllable lightning rod that discharges, and controllable lightning rod can reduce the current amplitude when thunderbolt, becomes the longer process of a discharge time with the discharge process of a transient, can effectively alleviate the problem that the thunderbolt arouses counterattack and electromagnetic interference. The controllable lightning rod and the traditional lightning rod have great difference in structure, the discharge behavior of the controllable lightning rod is more complex than that of the traditional lightning rod, in order to research the development process of the discharge path of the controllable discharge lightning rod and compare the discharge path with the traditional lightning rod, an optical experiment platform capable of observing the discharge path of the controllable discharge lightning rod is necessary to be built, the overall optical characteristic of gap discharge is completely reflected, and technical support is provided for the follow-up analysis of the breakdown characteristic of the controllable discharge lightning rod.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a controllable lightning rod optical observation test device and system that discharges for survey controllable lightning rod discharge path, the whole optical characteristic that discharges in complete reflection clearance, provide technical support for the breakdown characteristic of follow-up analysis controllable lightning rod that discharges.
In view of this, the present application provides a controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation device, including: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a voltage divider, an oscilloscope, a static camera, a high-speed photographic instrument, a high-voltage electrode and a lightning rod test bed;
the surge voltage generator is electrically connected with the voltage divider and the high-voltage electrode;
the voltage divider is electrically connected with the oscilloscope;
the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the static camera and the high-speed camera;
the lightning rod test bed is arranged below the high-voltage electrode;
and a preset air gap distance is arranged between the lightning rod needle point of the lightning rod test bed and the pilot head of the high-voltage electrode.
Preferably, the length of the high voltage electrode is 10m, the diameter of the pilot head is 10mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the high voltage electrode is 80 mm.
Preferably, the preset air gap distance is 5 m.
Preferably, the minimum exposure time of the high-speed camera is 1 μ s.
Preferably, the resolution of the high-speed camera is 128 × 96.
Preferably, the sensitivity of the high-speed camera is 100000.
Preferably, the high-speed camera and the oscilloscope are in synchronous communication connection through two coaxial cables.
Preferably, the lightning rod tip and the pilot head are arranged on the same plumb line.
Preferably, the number of the lightning rods is two;
the two lightning rods are axially and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis where the high-voltage electrode is located;
and the preset air gap distance is arranged between the lightning rod needle points of the two lightning rods and the pilot head.
A second aspect of the present application provides a discharge point optical observation test system for a controllable discharge lightning rod, comprising a computer terminal and the discharge point optical observation test device for a controllable discharge lightning rod according to any one of the first aspect;
and the computer terminal is in communication connection with an oscilloscope, a static camera and a high-speed camera of the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device.
According to the technical scheme, the method has the following advantages:
the utility model provides a controllable lightning rod optical observation test device that discharges includes in this application: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a voltage divider, an oscilloscope, a static camera, a high-speed photographic instrument, a high-voltage electrode and a lightning rod test bed; the impulse voltage generator is electrically connected with the voltage divider and the high-voltage electrode; the voltage divider is electrically connected with the oscilloscope; the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the static camera and the high-speed camera; the lightning rod test bed is arranged below the high-voltage electrode; a preset air gap distance is arranged between a lightning rod needle point of the lightning rod test bed and a pilot head of the high-voltage electrode. The application provides a controllable lightning rod optical observation test device that discharges, voltage waveform through impulse voltage generator high-amplitude produces, the voltage divider passes the voltage signal that reduces according to specific proportion to the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope activates high-speed camera with the signal of telecommunication of receiving as trigger signal and makes it carry out the optical recording to the breakdown process in clearance, the static camera is used for recording the discharge path in clearance, the lightning rod test bench is used for arranging under the preset air gap distance, the clearance discharge test content of lightning rod can be carried out the record to the discharge process and the discharge path of controllable lightning rod, the whole optical characteristic of clearance discharge is completely reflected, provide technical support for the breakdown characteristic of follow-up analysis controllable discharge lightning rod.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural connection diagram of a discharge optical observation device for a controllable discharge lightning rod provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage electrode provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a discharge test arrangement of a single lightning rod gap discharge test provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gap discharge test arrangement of a double lightning rod provided in an embodiment of the present application;
wherein the reference numerals are:
1. a surge voltage generator; 2. a voltage divider; 3. a still camera; 4. a high-speed camera; 5. a lightning rod test stand; 6. a high voltage electrode; 7. a lightning rod; 8. an oscilloscope; 9. a computer terminal; d. presetting an air gap distance; 10. a common lightning rod; 11. controllable discharge lightning rod.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the application discloses controllable lightning rod optical observation test device and system that discharges for survey controllable lightning rod discharge path, the whole optical characteristic that discharges in complete reflection clearance, provide technical support for the breakdown characteristic of follow-up analysis controllable lightning rod.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides an embodiment of a controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device, and the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: the lightning rod testing device comprises an impulse voltage generator 1, a voltage divider 2, an oscilloscope 8, a static camera 3, a high-speed camera 4, a high-voltage electrode 6 and a lightning rod testing stand 5;
the impulse voltage generator 1 is electrically connected with the voltage divider 2 and the high-voltage electrode 6;
the voltage divider 2 is electrically connected with the oscilloscope 8;
the oscilloscope 8 is electrically connected with the static camera 3 and the high-speed camera 4;
the lightning rod test bed 5 is arranged below the high-voltage electrode 6;
a preset air gap distance d is arranged between the tip of a lightning rod 7 of the lightning rod test stand 5 and the pilot head of the high-voltage electrode 6.
It should be noted that the gap discharge time is short and there is a rapid change in various parameters such as electricity and light, and observation and analysis of these parameters are important indexes for studying the gap discharge mechanism. Generally, in the gap discharge process, the initial corona duration is below 1 mu s, the weak light is presented, the gap pilot development rate is generally 1-10 cm/mu s, and in order to effectively observe the corona initiation, the streamer and the pilot development and other processes in the discharge process of the controllable discharge lightning rod, the shooting rate of an optical observation test platform cannot be low, and the image definition in the shooting discharge process is ensured so as to facilitate the data arrangement after the test. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a negative 250/2500 μ s operating wave impulse voltage waveform is used, an impulse voltage loop of the impulse voltage generator 1 is as shown in fig. 1, the voltage divider 2 transmits a voltage signal reduced according to a specific proportion to the oscilloscope 8, the oscilloscope 8 uses the received voltage signal as a trigger signal to activate the high-speed camera 4 to perform optical recording on a breakdown process of a gap, the still camera 3 is used to record a discharge path of the gap, the lightning rod test stand 5 is used to arrange discharge test contents of the lightning rod 7 at a preset air gap distance d, so that the discharge process and the discharge path of the controllable discharge lightning rod can be recorded, the overall optical characteristic of gap discharge is completely reflected, and technical support is provided for subsequent analysis of the breakdown characteristic of the controllable discharge lightning rod.
For the sake of understanding, referring to fig. 1, the present application also provides another embodiment of the optical observation test device for discharging of a controllable discharging lightning rod, which includes: the lightning rod testing device comprises an impulse voltage generator 1, a voltage divider 2, an oscilloscope 8, a static camera 3, a high-speed camera 4, a high-voltage electrode 6 and a lightning rod testing stand 5;
the impulse voltage generator 1 is electrically connected with the voltage divider 2 and the high-voltage electrode 6;
the voltage divider 2 is electrically connected with the oscilloscope 8;
the oscilloscope 8 is electrically connected with the static camera 3 and the high-speed camera 4;
the lightning rod test bed 5 is arranged below the high-voltage electrode 6;
a preset air gap distance d is arranged between the tip of a lightning rod 7 of the lightning rod test stand 5 and the pilot head of the high-voltage electrode 6.
Further, the length of the high voltage electrode 6 is 10m, the diameter of the pilot head is 10mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the high voltage electrode is 80 mm.
In the present embodiment, the length of the high voltage electrode 6 is 10m, the diameter of the pilot head is 10mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the high voltage electrode 6 is 80 mm. Because the lightning discharge gap is very long, the discharge characteristics of the long gap and the short gap are possibly greatly different and are limited by the existing test conditions, the 1:1 gap cannot be adopted in the lightning discharge simulation test, so the simulation test can be carried out by selecting the gap as long as possible according to the conditions of test equipment, in the current long-gap discharge process, the last stroke of the lightning discharge is generally simulated, the length of a last downlink pilot at the lightning is about 100m, and the diameter of the downlink pilot and the size of a corona sleeve at the head of the pilot are about 1 m. In the embodiment of the application, in order to better fit the discharge phenomenon of natural lightning, the high-voltage electrode 6 is manufactured according to the proportion of 1:10, as shown in fig. 2, the length of the high-voltage electrode 6 is 100 m/10-10 m to simulate the development of a downlink pilot, the diameter of the pilot head is 1000 mm/10-100 mm, and the section diameter of the high-voltage electrode is 80mm because the size of the corona of the pilot head is slightly larger than the diameter of the downlink pilot, so that the designed high-voltage electrode 6 can better reflect the development process of actual lightning, and the test effect is more accurate and reliable.
Further, the preset air gap distance d is 5 m.
It should be noted that the air gap distance between the high voltage electrode 6 and the lightning rod 7 may be set to 3m, 5m or 7m, and in the embodiment of the present application, is selected to be 5 m.
Further, the minimum exposure time of the high-speed camera 4 is 1 μ s.
Further, the resolution of the high-speed camera 4 is 128 × 96.
Further, the sensitivity of the high-speed camera 4 is 100000.
Further, the high-speed camera 4 and the oscilloscope 8 are synchronously connected in communication through two coaxial cables.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the whole discharging process can be photographed, the duration of the discharging photographing should be at least several times longer than the duration of the applied voltage, and furthermore, the images photographed in the discharging process need to be synchronized with the discharging voltage signal so as to avoid the loss of the test data. The minimum exposure time of the high-speed camera 4 is 1 μ s, which is substantially equivalent to the streamer development time, and in addition, the high-speed camera 4 can continue to shoot for as long as about 10s, which is much longer than the tail time 2500 μ s of the operating impulse voltage, the whole shooting process of the gap discharge is recorded by the high-speed camera 4, and the parameter settings of the high-speed camera 4 are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The use of 128 × 96 resolution maximizes the picture of the gap discharge process, so that it is easy to observe the discharge process that can be accurately captured. Since the shooting environment is kept dark as much as possible during shooting, the sensitivity of the shooting camera is set to 100000, and even a weak discharge phenomenon can be captured by the high-speed camera 4. Meanwhile, in the test process, in order to ensure that the shot pictures in the discharge development process are consistent with the voltage waveform and the current waveform, the high-speed camera 4 and the oscilloscope 8 are synchronously triggered, in the discharge synchronous comprehensive observation process, an AUX OUT terminal of the oscilloscope 8 is connected with a first BNC head and a second BNC head, after a voltage signal measured by the voltage signal exceeds a trigger level, the synchronous trigger falling edge level output by the AUX OUT terminal is respectively transmitted to the high-speed camera 4 through coaxial cables, in order to reduce the delay of the synchronous signals as much as possible, two coaxial cables with the same length are selected to transmit the synchronous signals, an accurate and reliable test observation result is obtained, and a basis is provided for the selection of lightning conductors in the lightning protection engineering.
Further, the lightning rod 7 needle point and the pilot head are arranged on the same plumb line.
Further, the number of the lightning rods 7 is two;
the two lightning rods 7 are axially and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis of the high-voltage electrode 6;
and a preset air gap distance is arranged between the needle points of the lightning rods 7 of the two lightning rods 7 and the head of the pilot.
It should be noted that the test in the embodiment of the present application is divided into two parts, a single-lightning-rod gap discharge test and a double-lightning-rod selective discharge test, a schematic diagram of a discharge test arrangement of the single-lightning-rod gap discharge test is shown in fig. 3, in the single-lightning-rod gap discharge test, a lightning rod is placed under a high-voltage electrode, a tip of the lightning rod 7 and a pilot head of the high-voltage electrode 6 are on the same vertical line, an air gap distance between the two electrodes is d (d is 3m, 5m, 7m), and this increasing of the equal gap distance is used to compare differences of controllable discharge lightning rods in different gap discharge phenomena. Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a gap discharge test arrangement of a double-lightning-rod, in a selective discharge test of the double-lightning-rod, two lightning rods, namely a controllable discharge lightning rod 11 and a common lightning rod 10, are axially and symmetrically distributed on two sides of an axis where a high-voltage electrode 6 is located, and a gap distance D between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the controllable discharge lightning rod 11, and between the high-voltage electrode 6 and the common lightning rod 10 is 5 m.
In summary, the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device provided in the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. in view of the reasons of a test site and the actual size of a downlink pilot of natural lightning stroke, the structural size of the high-voltage electrode is designed by adopting a large-scale ratio of 1:10, and the high-voltage electrode structure is attached to the actual observation of the lightning pilot, so that the accuracy and the reliability of a test result are facilitated.
2. The optical observation platform is divided into a single-lightning-rod discharge observation platform and a double-lightning-rod selective discharge test observation platform, the data obtained by the single-lightning-rod gap discharge observation platform can be used for quantitatively analyzing various performances of the lightning rod from the optical characteristics of a discharge path, and the data obtained by the double-lightning-rod selective discharge observation platform can be used for qualitatively analyzing the lightning receiving characteristics of the controllable discharge lightning rod under a competitive mechanism from the discharge path.
3. In order to ensure that the gap discharge and discharge channel observation systems basically correspond in time, a synchronous triggering mode is adopted in the test process to observe the gap discharge process, namely two coaxial cables with equal length are adopted to trigger signal transmission, and meanwhile, a signal transmission channel needs to be shielded, so that the high-voltage pulse is prevented from generating interference on the signal transmission channel, and the observed data distortion is caused.
The application also provides an embodiment of a controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test system, which comprises a computer terminal 9 and the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device in the embodiment of the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device;
and the computer terminal 9 is in communication connection with the oscilloscope 8 of the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device, the static camera 3 and the high-speed camera 4.
It should be noted that, a system block diagram of the controllable discharging lightning rod discharging optical observation test system is shown in fig. 1, and the computer terminal 9 performs operations such as file cutting and saving on the discharging process recorded by the high-speed camera 4.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a controllable lightning rod optical observation test device that discharges which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an impulse voltage generator, a voltage divider, an oscilloscope, a static camera, a high-speed photographic instrument, a high-voltage electrode and a lightning rod test bed;
the surge voltage generator is electrically connected with the voltage divider and the high-voltage electrode;
the voltage divider is electrically connected with the oscilloscope;
the oscilloscope is electrically connected with the static camera and the high-speed camera;
the lightning rod test bed is arranged below the high-voltage electrode;
and a preset air gap distance is arranged between the lightning rod needle point of the lightning rod test bed and the pilot head of the high-voltage electrode.
2. The optical observation and test device for the discharge of the controlled discharge lightning rod according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the high voltage electrode is 10m, the diameter of the pilot head is 10mm, and the cross-sectional diameter of the high voltage electrode is 80 mm.
3. The optical observation and test device for discharging of a controlled discharge lightning rod according to claim 1, characterized in that the preset air gap distance is 5 m.
4. The optical observation and test device for discharging lightning rod with controllable discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that the minimum exposure time of the high speed camera is 1 μ s.
5. The optical observation and testing device for discharging lightning rod of claim 4, characterized in that the resolution of said high speed camera is 128 x 96.
6. The apparatus for testing optical observation of discharge of a lightning rod according to claim 1, wherein the sensitivity of the high-speed camera is 100000.
7. The optical observation and test device for discharging lightning rod with controllable discharging capability of claim 1, characterized in that the high-speed camera and the oscilloscope are connected in synchronous communication through two coaxial cables.
8. The optical observation test device for discharging of a controllable discharge lightning rod according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the lightning rod point and the pilot head are arranged on the same plumb line.
9. The optical observation test device for discharging of a controlled discharge lightning rod according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of lightning rods is two;
the two lightning rods are axially and symmetrically distributed on two sides of the axis where the high-voltage electrode is located;
and the preset air gap distance is arranged between the lightning rod needle points of the two lightning rods and the pilot head.
10. A discharge optical observation test system for a controlled discharge lightning rod, which is characterized by comprising a computer terminal and the discharge optical observation test device for the controlled discharge lightning rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9;
and the computer terminal is in communication connection with an oscilloscope, a static camera and a high-speed camera of the controllable discharge lightning rod discharge optical observation test device.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113671234A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Short air gap streamer discharge path observation system and prediction method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113671234A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-11-19 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Short air gap streamer discharge path observation system and prediction method |
| CN113671234B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-09-12 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Short air gap streamer discharge path observation system and prediction method |
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