CN210243653U - Dam piping analogue test device under high water level - Google Patents
Dam piping analogue test device under high water level Download PDFInfo
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- CN210243653U CN210243653U CN201921191176.4U CN201921191176U CN210243653U CN 210243653 U CN210243653 U CN 210243653U CN 201921191176 U CN201921191176 U CN 201921191176U CN 210243653 U CN210243653 U CN 210243653U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a dam piping simulation test device under high water level, wherein a test box is divided into a water storage chamber and a soil sample filling chamber by a permeable partition plate; a valve ball is arranged in the pressure regulating water tank, and the height of the valve ball can be adjusted; the water inlet of the water storage chamber is communicated with the water outlet of the pressure regulating water tank through a pipeline, water is supplied and water pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating water tank, and the height of the pressure regulating water tank is adjustable; the opening and closing of the water pump are controlled by a valve ball in the pressure regulating water tank, and the pressure regulating water tank is matched with the valve ball to accurately control the water level height of the water storage chamber; a gravel cushion is filled and paved at the bottom of the soil sample filling chamber, and a test sand layer is arranged on the gravel cushion; embedding a pore water pressure sensor in a test sand layer, and laying colored glass beads on the top of the test sand layer along the axis direction for tracing the upstream development track of piping; the piping outlet is communicated and led out through a water and sand discharge pipeline; a funnel for collecting gushing sand is arranged below the outlet of the water and sand discharge pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, concretely relates to dykes and dams piping analogue test device under high water level.
Background
Piping is seriously damaged in dam seepage damage, and the development mechanism is as follows: because the upstream water head is higher, the infiltration slope of the foundation sandy soil layer of the dam exceeds an allowable value, and partial sandy soil gushes out at the downstream; along with the occurrence of outlet sand gushing, the basic seepage diameter is shortened, and the increased permeability slope of the basic sand soil layer is reduced, so that the outlet sand gushing is further intensified until the dam is damaged. The research on the dam foundation sandy soil layer piping test has important significance on piping protection and emergency treatment, wherein the critical water head for determining the occurrence of the sandy soil layer piping and the correlation relation of the piping length development change with time are the most important factors of the piping.
The conventional test device is limited by size and observation, can only determine a critical water head, and cannot effectively observe a piping development change process, a sand gushing change rule along with time and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The purpose is as follows: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a dykes and dams piping analogue test device under high water level.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a technical scheme does:
a simulation test device for piping of a dam under a high water level comprises a water storage tank, a water pump, a pressure regulating water tank and a test box, wherein the test box is divided into a water storage chamber and a soil sample filling chamber by a water permeable partition plate;
one end of the water pump is communicated with the water storage tank through a pipeline, the other end of the water pump is communicated to the pressure regulating water tank, a valve ball is arranged in the pressure regulating water tank, and the height of the valve ball can be adjusted; the water inlet of the water storage chamber is communicated with the water outlet of the pressure regulating water tank through a pipeline, water is supplied and water pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating water tank, and the height of the pressure regulating water tank is adjustable; the opening and closing of the water pump are controlled by a valve ball in the pressure regulating water tank, and the pressure regulating water tank is matched with the valve ball to accurately control the height of a water head in the water storage chamber; the simulated water head is based on the water head of the pressure regulating water tank.
The bottom of the soil sample filling chamber is filled with a gravel cushion layer, the middle part of the soil sample filling chamber is a test sand layer, and the surface layer is paved with a clay covering layer; embedding a pore water pressure sensor in a test sand layer, and laying colored glass beads on the top of the test sand layer along the axis direction for tracing the upstream development track of piping;
the soil sample filling chamber is provided with a piping outlet at the side far away from the water storage chamber, and the piping outlet is communicated and led out through a water and sand discharge pipeline; a funnel for collecting gushing sand is arranged below the outlet of the water and sand discharge pipeline; and a filtering device is arranged in the funnel, and filtered water is discharged through a drainage conduit communicated with the bottom of the funnel.
According to the preferable scheme, the water storage chamber is closed, and the top end of the water storage chamber is provided with the exhaust hole.
Preferably, the simulation test device for piping of a dam at a high water level has an opening at the upper end of the soil sample filling chamber, and is further provided with a cover plate.
As a preferred scheme, the water permeable position and the water permeable area of the water permeable partition plate can be adjusted, and the water permeable partition plate is used for simulating piping sections with different sizes.
Preferably, the diameter of the colored glass bead is 10-100 μm, and the specific gravity is 2.4-2.6 g/cm3The average size and specific gravity of the colored glass micro beads are the same as those of the gravel.
According to the high-water-level lower dam piping simulation test device, displacement of the colored glass beads can be calculated through digital image processing by photographing in the high-water-level lower dam piping simulation test process.
As a preferred scheme, in the high-water-level dam piping simulation test device, the grain composition and the initial water content of the sandy soil in the sandy soil layer are the same as those of undisturbed sandy soil;
in the sand layer, the middle is provided with a piping channel, and the two sides are filled with coarse sand isolation belts, so that the piping channel is ensured to develop towards an upstream straight line. Pore water pressure sensors are embedded along the piping development channel, and the seepage pressure change of different positions of the sand layer is automatically measured in real time.
Preferably, the test chamber and the cover plate are made of transparent materials. Furthermore, the glass is made of transparent organic glass.
On the other hand, the utility model also provides a dykes and dams piping analogue test method under high water level, include:
paving a gravel cushion layer on the bottom layer in a soil sample filling room, paving a test sandy soil layer on the middle layer, burying a pore water pressure sensor and a coarse sand isolation belt in the test sandy soil layer, arranging colored glass beads with different colors on the surface of the test sandy soil layer at intervals along the axis direction after the test sandy soil is laminated and compacted, and paving a clay covering layer on the surface layer;
setting the heights of the pressure regulating water tank and the valve ball, starting a water pump to pump water from the water storage tank into the pressure regulating water tank, enabling water flow to enter the water storage chamber through a pipeline, keeping the water permeable partition closed, and opening the water permeable partition for testing when the water level in the water storage chamber rises to a required height;
selecting a smaller water head at the initial height, observing the sand gushing amount of the piping outlet after water is introduced in the test, and increasing the water level height by 10cm for continuous observation if the sand gushing amount does not occur after the water level is kept constant for a period of time (10-15 minutes); if sand gushing occurs at a certain constant water level, keeping the water level constant and recording water head data, wherein the sand gushing enters a funnel through a water and sand discharge pipeline and is deposited, water in the sand is filtered out and discharged from a drainage guide pipe, the sand gushing amount of each time period is recorded through a balance, and the water gushing amount of each time period is recorded through a measuring cup;
because the sand in the test sand layer is discharged, the test sand layer can deform after sand gushing occurs for a period of time, the deformation can change along with the rightward displacement of sand particles, the position of upstream development and deformation of the piping can be clearly observed by observing the displacement of the colored glass beads and the appearance sequence of the colored glass beads in the sand gushing, and the development position and the development rate of the piping in each period of time can be recorded by digital image processing performed by photographing.
Has the advantages that: the utility model provides a dykes and dams piping analogue test device under high water level, when the piping phenomenon takes place, the displacement appears in the sand granule in the original stable sand layer, and traditional piping experimental study mainly concentrates on the observation of piping critical water head and piping in-process whole deformation, and it is bright to involve taking place the piping position degree of deformation ration survey and combine the sand gushing volume measurement of deformation, the utility model discloses creatively through dykes and dams piping analogue test device under the design high water level, through adopting pore water pressure sensor to observe the interior seepage field distribution space-time of soil body to can observe and analyze the external visual change condition of soil body directly perceivedly, simulate dykes and dams piping and destroy the overall process, provide technical support for can be for dykes and dams safe operation under the high water level, emergent precaution and decision-making.
The utility model discloses can destroy indoor model test to dykes and dams piping, destroy through simulating dykes and dams piping under the different water levels, analysis pore water pressure spatial and temporal evolution law, dykes and dams deformation destruction process, for the deformation destruction of accurate analysis dykes and dams piping provides convenient condition.
The utility model has the advantages of the principle is simple, the operation is convenient, the monitoring is swift, can utilize, experimental fault-tolerant rate height many times. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: 1) different scale tests can be carried out, the test device can adopt an organic glass groove, a simple concrete groove and the like can be adopted in large scale, the size is not limited, and the influence of undersize on the test accuracy is avoided;
2) aiming at the problem of inconvenient observation, measures such as doping colored glass beads in sand are adopted to effectively track the piping development and change process;
3) the pressure measuring pipe adopts a pore water pressure sensor, so that automatic observation is facilitated;
4) the upstream automatic water replenishing equipment ensures water level balance;
5) the downstream sand gushing collection device is used for separating and collecting water and sand, so that the sand gushing amount and the water yield can be conveniently tracked and measured in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test device for piping of a dam at a high water level in an embodiment;
in the figure: the device comprises a water storage tank 1, a water pump 2, a valve ball 3, a pressure regulating water tank 4, an exhaust hole 5, a water storage chamber 6, a water permeable partition 7, a gravel stone cushion layer 8, a test sand layer 9, a clay covering layer 10, a coarse sand isolation belt 11, colored glass beads 12, a pore water pressure sensor 13, a piping outlet 14, a water and sand discharge pipeline 15, a funnel 16 and a balance 17.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may also include different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Example one
The device comprises a test box, wherein the test box is separated into a closed water storage chamber 6 and a soil sample filling chamber with an upper end opened through a water permeable partition plate 7, a test sandy soil layer 9 with a certain thickness is filled in the soil sample filling chamber as required, in some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, a gravel stone cushion layer 8 is filled at the bottom of the test sandy soil layer 9, and a clay covering layer 10 is arranged at the top of the test sandy soil layer. Colored glass beads 12, a pore water pressure sensor 13 and a coarse sand isolation belt 11 are distributed in the test sandy soil layer 9 at different positions along the axis of the pipe orifice; the side of the soil sample filling chamber far away from the water storage chamber 6 is provided with a piping outlet 14, and the piping outlet 14 is communicated and led out through a water and sand discharge pipeline 15; the piping outlet 14 is communicated and led out through a water and sand discharge pipeline 15, and a funnel 16 for collecting gushing sand from the piping outlet is arranged below the outlet of the water and sand discharge pipeline 15; the funnel 16 is provided with a filtering device, and filtered water is discharged through a drainage conduit at the bottom of the funnel 16.
The water pump is characterized by further comprising a water storage tank 1 and a water pump 2, one end of the water pump 2 is communicated with the water storage tank 1 through a pipeline, the other end of the water pump is communicated into the pressure regulating water tank 4, and the opening and closing of the water pump 2 are controlled by a valve ball 3 in the pressure regulating water tank 4.
The water storage chamber 6 is filled with water, water is supplied and the water pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating water tank 4, and the height of the pressure regulating water tank 4 is adjustable; the inside valve ball 3 that is equipped with of pressure regulating water tank 4, the height-adjustable of valve ball 3, but pressure regulating water tank 4 and valve ball 3 cooperate the accurate control water level height.
The soil sample filling room is separated from the water storage room 6 through a water-permeable partition plate 7, and the height of the water-permeable partition plate 7 can be adjusted to simulate piping sections of different sizes.
More preferably, the test box is made of transparent materials; the water storage chamber 6 is of a closed structure, and the top end of the water storage chamber 6 is provided with an exhaust hole 5. The water storage chamber is closed and is connected with the pressure regulating water tank 4 through a water pipe, and the simulated water head takes the water head of the pressure regulating water tank 4 as the standard. The adjustable height of pressure regulating water tank 4 is in order to simulate required water level, and the water level is invariable in the pressure regulating water tank 4 of inside ball valve control.
The piping outlet 14 is preset on the outlet filling covering layer, so that piping generation time is saved; and a coarse sand isolation belt 11 is arranged to ensure that sand gushing and water gushing are smoothly discharged. Pore water pressure sensors are embedded along the piping development channel, and the seepage pressure change of different positions of the sand layer is automatically measured in real time.
In the process of the dam piping simulation test under the high water level, the displacement of the colored glass beads 12 can be calculated by digital image processing through photographing, and at the moment, the clay covering layer 10 can be replaced by a glass top cover as required to obtain a better image effect.
Example two
The embodiment is a test method of the dam piping simulation test device under the high water level in the first embodiment, and the test method comprises the following steps:
1) filling a soil layer with certain thickness of soil in a soil sample filling chamber according to requirements, wherein a sand gravel cushion layer 8 is adopted for bottom filling, a test sand soil layer 9 is arranged in the middle layer, and a clay covering layer 10 is paved on the surface layer; and three rows of colored glass beads 12 are laid in the test sand layer 9 along the axial direction, and a pore water pressure sensor 13 and a coarse sand isolation belt 11 are buried in the test sand layer 9.
2) The water pump 2 is started to pump water from the water storage tank 1 to enter the pressure regulating water tank 4, water flow enters the water storage chamber 6 through a pipeline, the water permeable partition 7 is kept closed, and the water permeable partition 7 is opened for testing when the water level in the water storage chamber 6 rises to the required height. If the water level height of demand is greater than the water level height in the reservoir chamber 6 then through filling the reservoir chamber 6 with water and adjusting the height setting flood peak of pressure regulating water tank 4, select the height that sets up valve ball 3 behind the required flood peak, the water pump is automatic to be opened when the water level is less than valve ball 3, and the water pump is closed when the water level reaches valve ball 3 height to this keeps the stability of water level.
3) After test water is introduced, observing the sand gushing amount of the piping outlet 14, and if the water level is kept constant for 10min and no sand gushing occurs, increasing the water level height by 10cm for continuous observation; if sand gushes occur at a certain constant water level, the water level is kept constant, the sand gushes enter the funnel 16 through the water and sand discharge pipeline 15 and are deposited, water in the sand can be discharged from the water discharge conduit, and the sand gushing amount in each time period can be recorded through the balance 17.
4) Because the sand in the test sand layer 9 is discharged, the test sand layer 9 can deform after sand gushing occurs for a period of time, so that the clay covering layer 10 also deforms correspondingly, because water flow in the soil layer flows from left to right, the deformation of the soil body can also change along with the displacement of the soil particles to the right, the position where piping deformation occurs can be clearly observed by observing the displacement of the colored glass beads 12, and the size of deformation in each period can be recorded through digital image processing performed by photographing.
The utility model provides a dykes and dams piping analogue test device under high water level, when the piping phenomenon takes place, the displacement appears in the sand granule in the original stable sand layer, and traditional piping experimental study mainly concentrates on the observation of piping critical water head and piping in-process whole deformation, and it is bright to involve taking place the piping position degree of deformation ration survey and combine the sand gushing volume measurement of deformation, the utility model discloses creatively through dykes and dams piping analogue test device under the design high water level, through adopting pore water pressure sensor to observe the interior seepage field distribution space-time of soil body to can observe and analyze the external visual change condition of soil body directly perceivedly, simulate dykes and dams piping and destroy the overall process, provide technical support for can be for dykes and dams safe operation under the high water level, emergent precaution and decision-making.
The utility model discloses can destroy indoor model test to dykes and dams piping, destroy through simulating dykes and dams piping under the different water levels, analysis pore water pressure spatial and temporal evolution law, dykes and dams deformation destruction process, for the deformation destruction of accurate analysis dykes and dams piping provides convenient condition.
The utility model has the advantages of the principle is simple, the operation is convenient, the monitoring is swift, can utilize, experimental fault-tolerant rate height many times.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered limiting with respect to the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A simulation test device for piping of a dam under a high water level is characterized by comprising a water storage tank (1), a water pump (2), a pressure regulating water tank (4) and a test box, wherein the test box is divided into a water storage chamber (6) and a soil sample filling chamber by a permeable partition plate (7);
one end of the water pump (2) is communicated with the water storage tank (1) through a pipeline, the other end of the water pump is communicated into the pressure regulating water tank (4), a valve ball (3) is arranged inside the pressure regulating water tank (4), and the height of the valve ball (3) can be adjusted; a water inlet of the water storage chamber (6) is communicated with a water outlet of the pressure regulating water tank (4) through a pipeline, water is supplied and water pressure is regulated through the pressure regulating water tank (4), and the height of the pressure regulating water tank (4) is adjustable; the opening and closing of the water pump (2) are controlled by a valve ball (3) in a pressure regulating water tank (4), and the pressure regulating water tank (4) is matched with the valve ball (3) to accurately control the height of a water head in a water storage chamber (6);
a gravel cushion layer (8) is paved at the bottom of the soil sample filling chamber, and a test sand layer (9) is arranged on the gravel cushion layer (8); burying a pore water pressure sensor (13) in a test sandy soil layer (9), and paving colored glass beads (12) on the top of the test sandy soil layer (9) along the axis direction for tracing the upstream development track of piping;
a piping outlet (14) is formed in the side, far away from the water storage chamber (6), of the soil sample filling chamber, and the piping outlet (14) is communicated and led out through a water and sand discharge pipeline (15); a funnel (16) for collecting gushing sand is arranged below the outlet of the water and sand discharge pipeline (15); the funnel (16) is internally provided with a filtering device, and filtered water is discharged through a drainage conduit communicated with the bottom of the funnel (16).
2. The simulation test device for piping of dam under high water level according to claim 1, wherein a clay cover layer (10) or a glass top cover is further laid on the surface layer of the test sand layer (9) for pressurizing the test sand layer (9).
3. The simulation test device for piping of dam under high water level according to claim 1, wherein the water storage chamber (6) is closed and the top end is opened with an exhaust hole (5).
4. The high-water-level lower dike piping simulation test device of claim 1, wherein the soil sample filling chamber is opened at an upper end.
5. The simulation test device for piping of a dam under a high water level according to claim 1, wherein the water permeable position and the water permeable area of the water permeable partition (7) are adjustable for simulating piping sections of different sizes.
6. The simulation test device for piping of dam under high water level according to claim 1, wherein said colored glass beads (12) have a diameter of 10 to 100 μm and a specific gravity of 2.4 to 2.6g/cm3The average size and specific gravity of the colored glass beads (12) are the same as those of the gravel.
7. The simulation test device for piping of dam under high water level according to claim 1, wherein the displacement of the colored glass beads (12) during the simulation test of piping of dam under high water level can be calculated by digital image processing by photographing.
8. The simulation test device for piping of dam at high water level according to claim 1, wherein the grain composition and initial water content of sand in the sand layer (9) are the same as those of undisturbed sand;
in the sand layer (9), the middle of the sand layer is provided with a piping channel, and the two sides of the sand layer are filled with coarse sand isolation belts (11), so that the piping channel is ensured to develop towards an upstream straight line.
9. The simulation test device for piping of a dam at a high water level according to claim 1, wherein the test chamber is made of a transparent material.
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| CN201921191176.4U CN210243653U (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Dam piping analogue test device under high water level |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110275009A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dike piping simulation test device and test method under a kind of high water level |
| CN114459969A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-10 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Layered silt collecting device for high-silt-content water body and using method |
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2019
- 2019-07-26 CN CN201921191176.4U patent/CN210243653U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110275009A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Dike piping simulation test device and test method under a kind of high water level |
| CN114459969A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-10 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Layered silt collecting device for high-silt-content water body and using method |
| CN114459969B (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2024-03-12 | 浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院) | Layered sediment collection device for high-sediment-content water body and use method |
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