CN210199312U - Ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety early warning system - Google Patents
Ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety early warning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210199312U CN210199312U CN201920607552.7U CN201920607552U CN210199312U CN 210199312 U CN210199312 U CN 210199312U CN 201920607552 U CN201920607552 U CN 201920607552U CN 210199312 U CN210199312 U CN 210199312U
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Abstract
The utility model provides an ultrasonic ranging keeps away barrier car safety precaution system, include: the ultrasonic monitoring device comprises a singlechip, an ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit and an alarm circuit; the input end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit and the ultrasonic transmitting circuit, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic transmitting circuit and the alarm circuit. The utility model discloses install ultrasonic ranging system in automobile system, through the effective quick measurement to car front and back, left and right sides distance, realized that the car keeps away the barrier automatically, avoid the driver to observe through the people's eye and keep away the error that the barrier brought, reduced the emergence of traffic accident.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an ultrasonic ranging field, concretely relates to ultrasonic ranging keeps away barrier car safety precaution system.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the application of ultrasonic waves in range finders is wider and wider. However, in the current state of the art, the range finding technology that can be used by people is still very limited, and thus, the method is a technology and industry field which is developing vigorously and has an infinite prospect. The ultrasonic distance measuring instrument is expected to be a novel and very important useful tool in the future, has a great development space in all aspects, and is developed towards the direction of higher positioning precision so as to meet the increasingly developed social demands. With the technical progress of the distance measuring instrument, the distance measuring instrument is developed from a simple judgment function to a learning function, and is finally developed to have creativity.
With the continuous improvement of living standard, the consumption consciousness of automobiles entering families is continuously strengthened. The automobile keeping quantity in the Chinese city is rapidly increased, and traffic accidents are increased day by day, and the city is particularly prominent. Therefore, the development of an intelligent traffic system is an important development direction of traffic transportation in the twenty-first century, and the intelligent traffic system has excellent efficiency in the aspects of fully playing the potential of the existing infrastructure, improving the transportation efficiency, guaranteeing the traffic safety, relieving traffic congestion, improving the urban environment and the like, and has already received wide attention of governments at all levels. The government of China also highly pays attention to research, development, popularization and application of the intelligent traffic system, so that the development and application of the intelligent distance measuring system in the field of automobiles play a great role, the traffic pressure is effectively relieved, and the occurrence rate of traffic accidents is reduced. In the process of daily lane guarantee and maintenance, a plurality of vehicles such as engineering vehicles, inflation vehicles, power vehicles, refueling vehicles and the like often need to pass, turn around or back up near a parking apron. Due to the close proximity of these vehicles traveling at low speeds, the driver's field of view is rather restricted, and collision accidents occur at night, which is more prominent. In a vehicle system, the current vehicle obstacle avoidance only can analyze and judge the front, the rear, the left and the right of the vehicle by the sense of the image observed and backed by the eyes of a driver, and traffic accidents such as automobile collision and the like are often caused.
At present, the research and use of modern ultrasonic distance measuring instruments are still few in the automobile industry of China, and compared with developed countries, the ultrasonic distance measuring instruments have a larger gap and basically stay in the primary stage, and even some high-grade vehicles are provided with distance measuring systems, only a small number of imported vehicles are provided. The high and new technology is combined with the automobile industry for application, real-time monitoring is an important task of the automobile industry and the traffic department in China, and the method is one of important measures for reducing the occurrence of traffic accidents in China. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a novel ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance vehicle safety pre-warning system to solve the above problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The not enough to prior art, the utility model provides an ultrasonic ranging keeps away barrier car safety precaution system can utilize ultrasonic ranging to realize that the car keeps away the barrier automatically effectively, reduces the emergence of avoiding the traffic accident even.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme realizes:
the utility model provides an ultrasonic ranging keeps away barrier car safety precaution system, includes: the ultrasonic monitoring device comprises a singlechip, an ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit and an alarm circuit; the input end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit and the ultrasonic transmitting circuit, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic transmitting circuit and the alarm circuit;
the ultrasonic receiving detection circuit comprises an ultrasonic receiver, a first amplification circuit and a phase-locked loop detection circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the phase-locked loop detection circuit is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer;
the ultrasonic transmitting circuit comprises an ultrasonic transmitter, a timer and a second amplifying circuit; the output end of the timer is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer, and the input end of the ultrasonic transmitter is connected with the output end of the single chip microcomputer through a second amplifying circuit.
Further, the ultrasonic transmitting circuit comprises a 555 timer, resistors R1, R2, capacitors C1, C2 and an ultrasonic transmitter LS1, wherein a 3 rd pin of the 555 timer is connected with an ultrasonic transmitter LS1, a 5 th pin is connected with a capacitor C1, an 8 th pin is sequentially connected with the resistors R1, the resistors R2 and the capacitors C2, the other ends of the capacitors C1 and C2 are both grounded, and a P1.1 port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a 4 th pin of the 555 timer.
Further, the ultrasonic receiving detection circuit comprises a detection receiving chip JP, capacitors C3, C4, a polar capacitor C4, C5, resistors R3-R5, and an ultrasonic receiver LS2, wherein one end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, and the other end is grounded, the ultrasonic receiver LS2 is connected in parallel to both ends of the capacitor C3, one end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, and the other end is grounded, one end of the resistor R3 is connected to the 5 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, one end of the resistor R4 is connected to the 7 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, and the other end is connected to a power source VCC, the positive electrode of the polar capacitor C5 is connected to the 3 rd pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the 2 nd pin of the detection receiving chip JP is sequentially connected to the resistor R5 and the polar capacitor C9, and the 7 th pin of the detection receiving chip is.
Further, the detection receiving chip JP employs an integrated circuit CX 20106A.
Further, the single chip microcomputer is mounted on an automobile ECU system by using a single chip microcontroller 8051.
Furthermore, the alarm circuit comprises a nixie tube display circuit and a sound alarm circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model discloses install ultrasonic ranging system in the car system, through the effective quick measurement to car front and back side, left and right sides distance, realized the car and kept away the barrier automatically, avoid the driver to keep away the error that the barrier brought through the observation of people's eye, reduced the emergence of traffic accident;
the utility model discloses utilize ultrasonic ranging system, can improve the security and the reliability of vehicle in the travel and maintenance process effectively, intelligent ultrasonic ranging system carries out traffic management's effective means and instrument, can be accurate, regularly, ration, measure the distance high-efficiently, and then improve the accuracy that vehicle distance detected, be favorable to transportation's scientific management, reduced the quality requirement to navigating mate itself.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the ultrasonic transmitting circuit of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the single chip microcomputer of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the nixie tube display circuit of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the sound alarm circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention includes: the ultrasonic wave receiving and detecting device comprises a single chip microcomputer, an ultrasonic wave receiving and detecting circuit connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer, an ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit connected with the output end of the single chip microcomputer and an alarm circuit. The ultrasonic transmitting circuit comprises an ultrasonic transmitter, a timer and a second amplifying circuit, wherein the output end of the timer is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transmitter through the second amplifying circuit. The ultrasonic receiving detection circuit comprises an ultrasonic receiver, a first amplifying circuit and a phase-locked loop detection circuit which are sequentially connected, and the output end of the phase-locked loop detection circuit is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer.
The resolution of the ultrasonic ranging system depends on the selection of the ultrasonic sensor. An ultrasonic sensor is a sensor using a piezoelectric effect, and a commonly used material is piezoelectric ceramics. Since the ultrasonic wave has considerable attenuation when propagating in the air, the degree of attenuation is proportional to the frequency, and the frequency is high with high resolution, a sensor with high frequency should be selected for short-distance measurement, and a sensor with low frequency should be used for long-distance measurement. Further preferably, in the close-range measurement of the system, a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is used for each of the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver.
The following describes the circuit structure and principle of each part in the system:
as shown in fig. 2, the ultrasonic transmitting circuit includes a 555 timer, a resistor R1, a variable resistor R2, capacitors C1, C2, and an ultrasonic transmitter LS1, and the components and the connection relationship thereof are shown in the figure. The 3 rd pin of the 555 timer is connected with an ultrasonic wave emitter LS1, the 5 th pin is connected with a capacitor C1, the 8 th pin is sequentially connected with a resistor R1, a variable resistor R2 and a capacitor C2, the other ends of the capacitors C1 and C2 are all grounded, and the P1.1 port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the 4 th pin of the 555 timer. The adjusting end of the variable resistor R2 is connected with the 2 nd pin (trigger) of the 555 timer, and when the voltage of the secondary pin is reduced to 1/3VCC, the 3 rd pin (output end) gives high level to trigger the ultrasonic transmitter to work. The capacitor C1 is used to control the threshold voltage of the 555 timer. When the single chip sends out a signal of 40KHz, the 555 timer is used as a driving signal of ultrasonic waves.
As shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic receiving detection circuit includes a detecting receiving chip JP, capacitors C3 and C4, polar capacitors C4 and C5, resistors R3 to R5, and an ultrasonic receiver LS2, and the components and the connection relationship thereof are shown in the figure. One end of a capacitor C3 is connected with a first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end is grounded, an ultrasonic receiver LS2 is connected with two ends of a capacitor C3 in parallel, one end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end is grounded, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with a 5 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, one end of a resistor R4 is connected with a 7 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end is connected with a power supply VCC, the positive electrode of a polar capacitor C5 is connected with a 3 rd pin of the detection receiving chip JP, a 2 nd pin of the detection receiving chip JP is sequentially connected with a resistor R5 and a polar capacitor C9, and the 7 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP is used as a data output end and is connected.
Further, the detection receiving chip JP employs an integrated circuit CX 20106A. The integrated circuit CX20106A is a special chip for infrared detection and reception, and is commonly used in infrared remote control receivers of televisions. Considering that the carrier frequency 38kHz commonly used for infrared remote control is close to the ultrasonic frequency 40kHz for distance measurement, the ultrasonic detection receiving circuit can be manufactured by using the carrier frequency. Experiments prove that the CX20106A has good sensitivity and strong anti-interference capability when receiving ultrasonic waves (outputting high level when no signal exists). The sensitivity and the anti-interference capability of the receiving circuit can be changed by properly changing the size of the capacitor C4.
As shown in fig. 4, the single chip microcomputer adopts a single chip microcontroller 8051, which is a core part of the system, and has low power consumption, economy, easy use and good integration performance. In this embodiment, the single chip microcomputer is installed in an automobile ECU, and further includes a reset circuit, a crystal oscillator circuit, and components and connections of peripheral circuits are shown in the figure.
In order to realize the safety early warning function of the automobile, the alarm circuit comprises a nixie tube display circuit and a sound alarm circuit. The display circuit adopts an LED nixie tube display mode, the LED nixie tube display mode comprises a static display mode and a dynamic display mode, the system adopts a dynamic display mode of parallel output, and the nixie tube display circuit is shown in figure 5.
The nixie tube display circuit comprises four LED nixie tubes, a latch, triodes Q1-Q4 and resistors R8-R11, and all components and connection relations of the components are shown in figure 5. The latch employs an eight-way class D transparent latch SN74AS373 with tri-state outputs. Because the nixie tube needs certain current to drive, the triode is adopted in the circuit to improve the load capacity and provide the current needed by the nixie tube. Each pin of the nixie tube is respectively connected with a current-limiting resistor R8-R11 in series, the resistance value is 300-1K omega in general, the display brightness of the nixie tube can be controlled by adjusting the resistance value, the nixie tube display circuit adopts a dynamic scanning method to realize LED digital display, the updating is fast, hardware is few, the line space is saved, the power consumption is low, and the distance display for a driver to observe and measure is convenient.
In order to prevent the operator from overlooking in some emergency or abnormal situations and to handle it in time, it is often necessary to generate some kind of alarm signal that is more noticeable to the attention of the person, and this alarm signal is generally of three types: the system adopts simple and easy sound alarm circuit. The alarm device adopts a piezoelectric buzzer, which needs 10mA driving current, and can generate buzzing sound about 3KHz only by adding 3-15V direct current voltage on two leads, and the circuit diagram is shown in figure 6. When the PC3 level (the output level of the singlechip) is high level, the NPN triode is conducted, the buzzer obtains voltage and gives out alarm sound, and when the level is low level, the triode is turned off and the buzzer does not give out sound.
The principle of ultrasonic ranging is to calculate a propagation distance from the time of propagation of an ultrasonic wave by using transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave. The distance measurement method adopted by the system is a reflected wave mode, namely a reflected wave mode that the transmitted wave is reflected by an object and then is received. The single chip microcomputer sends out a 40kHZ signal, the signal is amplified and then output through the ultrasonic transmitter, the ultrasonic receiver amplifies the received ultrasonic signal through the first amplifying circuit, the phase-locked loop detection circuit is used for carrying out detection processing, the single chip microcomputer interrupt program is started, the measured time is t, the single chip microcomputer carries out discrimination and calculation, the distance number is obtained, and the distance number is sent to the LED for display. The ultrasonic wave emitted by the transmitter propagates in the air at a speed v, when the ultrasonic wave meets an obstacle, the ultrasonic wave signal is reflected and returned, the ultrasonic wave signal is received by the receiver, the round-trip time is t, and the distance between the automobile and the obstacle can be calculated by s-vt/2. When the distance is smaller than the preset value, the sound alarm circuit can give an alarm so as to remind the driver of paying attention and adjusting the distance.
The utility model discloses install ultrasonic ranging system in automobile system, through the effective quick measurement to car front and back, left and right sides distance, realized that the car keeps away the barrier automatically, avoid the driver to observe through the people's eye and keep away the error that the barrier brought, reduced the emergence of traffic accident. By utilizing the ultrasonic ranging system, the safety and the reliability of the vehicle in the running and maintenance processes can be effectively improved, the intelligent ultrasonic ranging system is an effective means and tool for traffic management, the distance can be accurately, regularly, quantitatively and efficiently measured, the accuracy of vehicle distance detection is further improved, the scientific management of traffic transportation is facilitated, and the quality requirement on a driver is reduced.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention in its corresponding aspects.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an ultrasonic ranging keeps away barrier car safety precaution system which characterized in that, the system includes: the ultrasonic monitoring device comprises a singlechip, an ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit, an ultrasonic transmitting circuit and an alarm circuit; the input end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic receiving and detecting circuit and the ultrasonic transmitting circuit, and the output end of the single chip microcomputer is respectively connected with the ultrasonic transmitting circuit and the alarm circuit;
the ultrasonic receiving detection circuit comprises an ultrasonic receiver, a first amplification circuit and a phase-locked loop detection circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the output end of the phase-locked loop detection circuit is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer;
the ultrasonic transmitting circuit comprises an ultrasonic transmitter, a timer and a second amplifying circuit; the output end of the timer is connected with the input end of the single chip microcomputer, and the input end of the ultrasonic transmitter is connected with the output end of the single chip microcomputer through a second amplifying circuit.
2. The ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety pre-warning system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic transmitting circuit comprises a 555 timer, resistors R1, R2, capacitors C1, C2 and an ultrasonic transmitter LS1, wherein a 3 rd pin of the 555 timer is connected with an ultrasonic transmitter LS1, a 5 th pin of the 555 timer is connected with a capacitor C1, an 8 th pin of the 555 timer is sequentially connected with a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and a capacitor C2, the other ends of the capacitors C1 and C2 are grounded, and a P1.1 port of the single chip microcomputer is connected with a 4 th pin of the 555 timer.
3. The ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety pre-warning system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic receiving detection circuit comprises a detection receiving chip JP, capacitors C3, C4, polar capacitors C4, C5, resistors R3-R5 and an ultrasonic receiver LS2, wherein one end of the capacitor C3 is connected with a first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded, the ultrasonic receiver LS2 is connected with two ends of a capacitor C3 in parallel, one end of a capacitor C4 is connected with the first pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded, one end of a resistor R3 is connected with a 5 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, one end of a resistor R4 is connected with a 7 th pin of the detection receiving chip JP, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected with a power supply VCC, the positive electrode of a polar capacitor C5 is connected with a 3 rd pin of the detection receiving chip JP, a 2 nd pin of the detection receiving chip JP is sequentially connected with a resistor R5 and a polar capacitor.
4. The ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety pre-warning system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the detection receiving chip JP adopts an integrated circuit CX 20106A.
5. The ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety pre-warning system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the single chip microcomputer adopts a single chip microcontroller 8051 and is installed in an automobile ECU system.
6. The ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety pre-warning system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the alarm circuit comprises a nixie tube display circuit and a sound alarm circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201920607552.7U CN210199312U (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | Ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety early warning system |
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| CN201920607552.7U CN210199312U (en) | 2019-04-29 | 2019-04-29 | Ultrasonic ranging obstacle avoidance automobile safety early warning system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113221638A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle target sensing method and system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113221638A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-08-06 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle target sensing method and system |
| CN113221638B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2023-05-26 | 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle target perception method and system |
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Granted publication date: 20200327 Termination date: 20210429 |