CN210183323U - High dynamic response signal receiving channel - Google Patents
High dynamic response signal receiving channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN210183323U CN210183323U CN201921421178.8U CN201921421178U CN210183323U CN 210183323 U CN210183323 U CN 210183323U CN 201921421178 U CN201921421178 U CN 201921421178U CN 210183323 U CN210183323 U CN 210183323U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a high dynamic response signal receiving channel, including PIN switch, low noise amplifier, preselector, merit divider, amplifier, attenuator, first mixer, second mixer, intermediate frequency filter A, intermediate frequency filter B, first preamplifier, second preamplifier; the PIN switch, the low-noise amplifier, the preselector and the power divider are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the power divider is respectively connected with the amplifier and the attenuator; the amplifier, the first mixer, the intermediate frequency filter A and the first preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to form a high-gain channel; the attenuator, the second mixer, the intermediate frequency filter B and the second preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to serve as a low-gain channel, the scheme can improve the dynamic range (which can reach more than 100 dB) and the sensitivity (which can reach-112 dBm/0.5MHz bandwidth) of the system, reduce the noise coefficient (which is better than 3dB (including a digital part)), and effectively detect weak echo and turbulent flow information.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a radar communication field, concretely relates to high dynamic response signal reception passageway.
Background
The Radar is a transliteration of English radio through bat and is derived from the abbreviation of radio detection and ranging, which means radio detection and ranging, that is, a radio method is used for finding objects and measuring the spatial positions of the objects. Therefore, radar is also referred to as "radiolocation". Radars are electronic devices that detect objects using electromagnetic waves. The radar emits electromagnetic waves to irradiate a target and receives the echo of the target, so that information such as the distance from the target to an electromagnetic wave emission point, the distance change rate (radial speed), the azimuth and the altitude is obtained. The radar plays an important role in weather forecast service, disaster prevention and reduction and the like. However, with the increase of the operation time limit, the radar faults are gradually increased, the hardware aging, the reliability and the performance parameters of the equipment are reduced, the radar observation data quality is influenced, and the radar construction benefits are not fully exerted.
The dynamic range of the doppler weather radar receiver is one of the important system parameters of the doppler weather radar, and the parameter is a key factor influencing the detection capability of the doppler weather radar on small-signal targets and the accuracy of weather echo measurement. Because the parameters such as the density, the reflectivity factor, the distance and the like of a detection target (cloud and rain particles and the like) are changed violently, the dynamic range which can be processed by a new generation of weather radar receiving system is required to be more than or equal to 85 dB.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's not enough, provide a high dynamic response signal reception passageway, can improve the dynamic range of system (can reach more than 100 dB) and sensitivity (reach-112 dBm 0.5MHz bandwidth), reduce noise figure (be superior to 3dB (contain digital part)), effectively detect weak echo and torrent information.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:
a high dynamic response signal receiving channel comprises a PIN switch, a low noise amplifier, a preselector, a power divider, an amplifier, an attenuator, a first mixer, a second mixer, an intermediate frequency filter A, an intermediate frequency filter B, a first preamplifier and a second preamplifier;
the PIN switch, the low-noise amplifier, the preselector and the power divider are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the power divider is respectively connected with the amplifier and the attenuator;
the amplifier, the first mixer, the intermediate frequency filter A and the first preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to form a high-gain channel;
the attenuator, the second mixer, the intermediate frequency filter B and the second preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to be used as a low gain channel.
Further, the PIN switch is an alternative switch, and includes a main input terminal and a sub input terminal, where the main input terminal is used for inputting the echo signal, and the sub input terminal is used for inputting the test signal.
Further, the first mixer and the second mixer input the local oscillator signal LO of the fixed frequency point through an image frequency filter.
Further, the input frequency range of the PIN switch is 5300 MHz-5700 MHz, and the frequency of the local oscillator signal LO is 5270-5670 MHz.
Furthermore, the signal receiving channel is packaged in a packaging box of 100mm × 100mm × 40mm, and the side surface of the packaging box is respectively provided with an image frequency filter, a local oscillation filter, two intermediate frequency output interfaces, a test interface, a power control switch and an echo interface.
Furthermore, the intermediate frequency output interface, the test interface and the echo interface all adopt SMA connectors with moisture-proof structures.
Furthermore, the cover plate of the packaging box adopts an embedded type, and the SMA connector adopts a bead sintered type connector.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the performance of key devices of the receiver is improved, and the noise coefficient (including a digital part) of a receiving channel is reduced to be within 3dB from 4 dB;
2. the dynamic range (up to more than 100 dB) and the sensitivity (up to-112 dBm/0.5MHz bandwidth) of the system are improved, and the detection capability of the radar on weak signals is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the signal input channel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the high gain channel and the low gain channel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation circuit diagram;
fig. 5 is a packaging structure diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
The variation range of the meteorological echo intensity is large, and a receiver needs to ensure normal receiving and amplification of signals with different strengths, so that the receiver is required to have a large dynamic range. The scheme adopts a double-channel (high-sensitivity channel and low-sensitivity channel) design, can improve the dynamic range (which can reach more than 100 dB) and the sensitivity (which can reach-112 dBm/0.5MHz bandwidth) of the system, reduces the noise coefficient (which is superior to 3dB (including digital part)), and effectively detects weak echo and turbulent flow information.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a high dynamic response signal receiving channel includes a PIN switch, a low noise amplifier, a pre-selector, a power divider, an amplifier, an attenuator, a first mixer, a second mixer, an intermediate frequency filter a, an intermediate frequency filter B, a first pre-amplifier, a second pre-amplifier;
the PIN switch, the low-noise amplifier, the preselector and the power divider are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the power divider is respectively connected with the amplifier and the attenuator;
the amplifier, the first mixer, the intermediate frequency filter A and the first preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to form a high-gain channel;
the attenuator, the second mixer, the intermediate frequency filter B and the second preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to be used as a low gain channel.
As a preferred embodiment, the PIN switch is an alternative switch, and includes a main input end and an auxiliary input end, the main input end is used for inputting an echo signal, the auxiliary input end is used for inputting a test signal, an input frequency range of the PIN switch is 5300 MHz-5700 MHz, a frequency of the local oscillator signal LO is 5270-5670 MHz, and the first mixer and the second mixer input the local oscillator signal LO with a fixed frequency point through an image filter.
The technical indexes are as follows:
inputting a signal:
1) frequency range: 5300 MHz-5700 MHz, and performing dot frequency operation;
2) local oscillation frequency: 5270-5670 MHz, and operating at dot frequency;
3) local oscillation power: 15 + -1 dBm;
input withstand power (continuous wave): the main road is more than or equal to 0.5W, and the auxiliary road is more than or equal to 0.5W.
Receiving channel index (high, low gain two-way channel, with PIN switch)
1) High gain (dB): 45 +/-0.5
Noise figure (dB): less than or equal to 2
Channel noise figure inconsistency: less than or equal to 0.2dB (full frequency band of each batch)
2) Low gain (dB): 16 +/-0.5
Noise figure (dB): less than or equal to 6
3) Channel gain disparity: less than or equal to 0.5 dB (full frequency band of each batch)
Phase inconsistency: less than or equal to +/-2.5 degrees
4) Pre-selector bandwidth (BW-3 dB): 18 MHz-28 MHz
Out-of-band suppression: not less than 40dB (f 0 +/-30 MHz)
≥65dB（f0±60MHz）
5) Intermediate frequency: 30MHz
6) Intermediate frequency filter bandwidth (BW-0.2 dB): 8 ± 0.7MHz (f 0=30 MHz)
（BW-3dB）：14.8±0.5MHz
Out-of-band suppression: not less than 40dB (f 0 plus or minus 12 MHz)
≥75dB（500~6000MHz）
7) Image frequency suppression system: not less than 60dBc
8) Suppression of 65dBc is required at in-band spectral shifts ± 10 MHz.
9) Receive component input signal P-1: not less than-3 dBm
Maximum output signal level: p-1=13 ± 1dBm
10) Inputting standing-wave ratio: less than or equal to 1.35
11) PIN switch isolation: the main road is more than or equal to 70 dB; the auxiliary road is more than or equal to 110dB
12) PIN switch main circuit end reflection type; absorption type of auxiliary circuit end (test/KD end)
13) Switching speed (ns): less than or equal to 200
14) The channel outputs a fault indication (detection current) of one-bit TTL level, wherein the high level indicates normal, and the low level indicates fault.
Design of index theory
1. Indexes such as gain, noise coefficient, P1 and the like are guaranteed to be realized by link simulation.
2. Sensitivity: defined as the lowest signal strength that the receiver can receive and function properly. This index is mainly related to
The noise coefficient NF, the signal bandwidth, the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio and the like have relations, and the calculation formula is as follows.
Sensitivity = -174+ NF +10lgB +10lgSNR = -112dBm (bandwidth 1 MHz)
3. Dynamic range: defined as the range of magnitudes of the input signal that the receiver is able to detect the received signal without distorting the signal. In order to increase the dynamic range of the receiver and enable the receiver to monitor the size of the received signal in real time, high and low gain 2 channels are adopted.
1) High gain channel: is to ensure the lowest signal that the receiver can sample under weak signal, and the receiver
Sensitivity = -112 dBm. The channel adopts low-noise amplification with low noise coefficient under weak signals, the insertion loss before the low-noise amplification is minimum, and then the channel link has minimum deterioration to the noise coefficient. In order to ensure the index, a PIN switch with minimum insertion loss is used before low-noise amplification, a circuit is manufactured by using a 5880PCB, an SMA radio frequency connector (D550S 15F07+ AL-251638) with a AoWin is adopted at a joint, a separating element (FHX 13X) is adopted for low-noise amplification, and finally, in order to ensure that the NF deterioration of a channel link is minimum, the gain of a first-stage mixer is required to be 40 dB. When the low noise amplifier FHX13X operates at 6GHz, the noise coefficient is 0.32. In practical designs, the noise figure of FHX13X is about 0.5-0.6, because the standing wave at the input and output of low noise amplifier is not good, and it is necessary to add matching circuit, especially at the input, the matching circuit is usually LC hybrid, and even if we use L, C element with high Q, some insertion loss will be introduced.
The performance index of a commonly used matched low-noise amplifier chip on the market is NF =1.3 around 6GHz, and the HMC-ALH444 is very simple to use, but cannot exert the performance of a channel to the limit. Therefore, the high gain channel dynamic range is: and taking the segments of-108 to-43 dBm from-112 dBm to-33 dBm.
2) Low gain channel: the method is used for ensuring that under a large signal, the signal cannot be distorted due to saturation of a channel link, and when the input signal P1 is larger than or equal to-3 dBm, a low-gain channel of a receiver cannot be distorted due to saturation.
To ensure this criterion, it is only necessary to ensure that the minimum P1 component in the link, i.e. the mixer, is not distorted by saturation, so we add an attenuator of 19dB before the first mixer in the low-gain path to ensure that the link is all in the linear state. Therefore, the low gain channel dynamic range is: and (4) the length of-72 dBm to 0dBm, and taking the length of-70 to-3 dBm.
Channel consistency: is mainly ensured by consistent processing and production.
Bandwidth of the pre-selector: guaranteed by the preselector (cavity filter) manufacturer.
An intermediate frequency filter: the method is realized by adopting a star wave LC filter.
Image frequency suppression: depending on the preselection filter, the system mainly has 1 image frequency:
the 1 st image frequency = LO-30MHz = 5240-5640 MHz, which is filtered out by a narrow band pre-selector, at which point the suppression exceeds 65 dBc.
Suppression of 65dBc at in-band spectral shifts ± 10 MHz: this criterion is mainly done by means of an intermediate frequency filter.
Receive input P1 ≧ 3 dBm: from the simulation plot, it is satisfied when a low gain channel is used.
The output P1 is more than or equal to 13 +/-1 dBm, and can be realized by a simulation chart.
PIN switch isolation, main 70dBc, and auxiliary 110 dBc.
The index can be satisfied only by using 1 MA4AGSW2+ MA4AGSW1 on the main road, and can be solved by using 2 MA4AGSW2 on the auxiliary road in series.
Switching speed: less than or equal to 200ns, the index is determined by the device index, and the switching speeds of MA4AGSW2 and MA4AGSW1 are both better than 20 ns.
The scheme is used for finishing down-conversion of the received C-band frequency (5.3-5.7 GHz) to the intermediate frequency of 30 MHz; the dynamic range is 105dBc, the noise coefficient NF is less than or equal to 2, and therefore, the guarantee of the large dynamic range is completed by successfully dividing the dynamic range into 2 channels. An integrated structural design is adopted, and the integrated structure mainly comprises 2 channels, namely a high-gain channel and a low-gain channel; each channel is subjected to frequency conversion for 2 times to obtain an intermediate frequency of 30 MHz.
Because the system is a broadband system and the phase noise is limited, only a successive down-conversion scheme can be adopted (in order to ensure the phase noise of the local oscillation frequency, the local oscillation with low frequency is used as much as possible); in addition, in order to ensure that the channel has enough dynamic range, a high-gain channel and a low-gain channel are adopted to complement the dynamic range. The scheme adds an amplifier in front of a mixer of a high-gain channel and adds an attenuator on a low-gain channel.
The advantages are that: 1) after this solution is improved, from simulation fig. 4, NF degradation is minimum = 1.66. As the gain of the front link of the mixer is ensured to be large enough (G is more than or equal to 40 dB), the NF deterioration is ensured to be minimum, and the double channels ensure the enough dynamic range.
As shown in fig. 5, as a preferred embodiment, the signal receiving channel is packaged in a packaging box 100 of 100mm × 100mm × 40mm, a mirror frequency filter 101, a local oscillator filter 102, two intermediate frequency output interfaces 103, a test interface 104, a power control switch 105, and an echo interface 106 are respectively disposed on a side surface of the packaging box 100, the intermediate frequency output interface 103, the test interface 104, and the echo interface 106 all adopt SMA connectors with moisture-proof structures, a cover plate of the packaging box 100 is embedded, and the SMA connectors use bead sintered connectors.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise forms disclosed herein, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. But that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be limited only by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (7)
1. A high dynamic response signal receiving channel is characterized by comprising a PIN switch, a low noise amplifier, a preselector, a power divider, an amplifier, an attenuator, a first mixer, a second mixer, an intermediate frequency filter A, an intermediate frequency filter B, a first preamplifier and a second preamplifier;
the PIN switch, the low-noise amplifier, the preselector and the power divider are sequentially connected in series, and the output end of the power divider is respectively connected with the amplifier and the attenuator;
the amplifier, the first mixer, the intermediate frequency filter A and the first preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to form a high-gain channel;
the attenuator, the second mixer, the intermediate frequency filter B and the second preamplifier are sequentially connected in series to be used as a low gain channel.
2. The high dynamic response signal receiving channel of claim 1, wherein the PIN switch is an alternative switch comprising a main input terminal and a secondary input terminal, the main input terminal is used for inputting the echo signal, and the secondary input terminal is used for inputting the test signal.
3. The high dynamic response signal receiving channel of claim 2, wherein the first mixer and the second mixer input the local oscillation signal LO of the fixed frequency point through an image filter.
4. The high dynamic response signal receiving channel as claimed in claim 3, wherein the input frequency range of the PIN switch is 5300 MHz-5700 MHz, and the frequency of the local oscillator signal LO is 5270-5670 MHz.
5. The high dynamic response signal receiving channel according to claim 4, characterized in that the signal receiving channel is packaged in a packaging box (100) of 100mm x 40mm, and the side of the packaging box (100) is respectively provided with an image frequency filter (101), a local oscillator filter (102), two intermediate frequency output interfaces (103), a test interface (104), a power control switch (105) and an echo interface (106).
6. A high dynamic response signal receiving channel according to claim 5, characterized in that, the intermediate frequency output interface (103), the test interface (104) and the echo interface (106) all adopt SMA connectors with moisture-proof structures.
7. A high dynamic response signal receiving channel according to claim 6, characterized in that the cover plate of the enclosure (100) is embedded and the SMA connector is a bead sintered connector.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110518925A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | A kind of high dynamic response signal receiving channel |
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| CN110518925A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | A kind of high dynamic response signal receiving channel |
| CN110518925B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2024-04-09 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | High dynamic response signal receiving channel |
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