CN112468165B - Wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system and method - Google Patents
Wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112468165B CN112468165B CN202011343252.6A CN202011343252A CN112468165B CN 112468165 B CN112468165 B CN 112468165B CN 202011343252 A CN202011343252 A CN 202011343252A CN 112468165 B CN112468165 B CN 112468165B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/10—Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/22—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects
- G01K11/26—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of resonant frequencies
- G01K11/265—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of resonant frequencies using surface acoustic wave [SAW]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
- G08C23/02—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic waves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
- H04B1/44—Transmit/receive switching
Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system and a method, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a card reader, a plurality of antennas connected with a radio frequency interface of the card reader, and an upper computer communicated with the card reader; the card reader comprises a primary variable frequency receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, wherein the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit are connected with an antenna through a receiving and transmitting change-over switch; the receiving circuit performs band-pass sampling on the intermediate frequency signal after the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor is subjected to frequency reduction and mixing through the antenna so as to extract an effective signal related to temperature. The invention improves the out-of-band noise suppression capability of the front-end circuit by designing a proper filter, reduces some interference signals to a tolerance range, and can obtain enough sample data in proper time and avoid the increase of processing time caused by overlarge data quantity by selecting a proper sampling rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic and communication engineering, in particular to a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system and method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The temperature monitoring has an important role in the aspect of safe operation of an electric power system, and because electric power equipment is provided with high voltage and temperature measurement is not allowed to be carried out in a wired mode generally, the application of a suitable electric power temperature monitoring method and device has important significance. Statistics show that the power equipment faults mainly occur at the following positions: and faults of moving and static contacts and cable joints in the switch cabinet. The common observation method and the infrared temperature measurement method cannot realize real-time monitoring, are greatly influenced by the environment, have small working temperature range of the semiconductor wireless sensor, need to be powered by a battery, are easy to damage and are difficult to replace. The temperature monitoring to the power grid switch cabinet joint contact mainly adopts the artificial infrared detection inspection mode with low efficiency and high cost. In the current process of developing smart grids vigorously, real-time power temperature monitoring becomes a main subject of the smart grids.
The surface acoustic wave sensor is a novel semiconductor type sensor with non-contact and no need of power supply, and can measure the measurement capability of a moving object with a certain isolation distance. The sensor is smoothly designed by adopting a semiconductor manufacturing process, has the characteristics of high stability, small discrete size and low price, is suitable for batch production, and is widely applied to temperature measurement.
In contrast, the surface acoustic wave passive wireless temperature measurement system shows great advantages and has received more and more attention. A Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor developed by a piezoelectric principle adopts a piezoelectric contact type temperature detection and wireless reading mode, has high precision (+/-1 ℃ under the condition of a wireless working mode), can be distributed, has low cost, and has strong anti-interference capability due to microsecond-level signal delay, thereby becoming a temperature detection method for a new generation of switch cabinets and cable joints.
In the technical scheme of adopting the surface acoustic wave sensor to measure the temperature, the defects of narrow bandwidth of a sound surface device, few number of label sensor points, larger influence of high-voltage power grid environment, poor stability and the like mainly exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system and a method, combines a band-pass sampling technology and a radio frequency correlation theory, and provides a SAW temperature acquisition solution adopting the band-pass sampling technology, so that the defects of complex high-frequency circuit design, difficult debugging and high production and manufacturing cost of the surface acoustic wave sensor are overcome.
In some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a wireless passive high voltage power grid temperature measurement system comprises: the system comprises a card reader, a plurality of antennas connected with a radio frequency interface of the card reader, and an upper computer communicated with the card reader;
the card reader comprises a primary variable frequency receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, wherein the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit are connected with an antenna through a receiving and transmitting change-over switch; the receiving circuit performs band-pass sampling on the intermediate frequency signal after the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor is subjected to frequency reduction and mixing through the antenna so as to extract an effective signal related to temperature.
In other embodiments, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a working method of a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system comprises the following steps:
the radio frequency receiving signal passes through a receiving antenna, firstly, the frequency band is selected by a radio frequency front-end filter, and power protection is carried out by an amplitude limiting device; simultaneously inhibiting image frequency and out-of-band signals;
then the signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier, and the second harmonic and other high-frequency interference signals amplified by the low-noise amplifier are suppressed by a cascade band-pass filter; meanwhile, limiting the output power by using a limiting device;
the output signal is down-converted by a mixer, and the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer is filtered by LFP4, an intermediate frequency band-pass filter and a limiting amplifier in sequence and is driven and output by the intermediate frequency amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention improves the out-of-band noise suppression capability of the front-end circuit by designing a proper filter, reduces some interference signals to a tolerance range, and can obtain enough sample data in proper time and avoid the increase of processing time caused by overlarge data quantity by selecting a proper sampling rate.
(2) The invention adopts the band-pass sampling technology and filter design, and extracts the effective signals related to the temperature through the band-pass sampling of the intermediate frequency signals after the resonance frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor is subjected to frequency reduction and mixing, thereby avoiding the adoption of a high-cost and high-speed data acquisition scheme, being beneficial to improving the marketability of the wireless passive temperature measurement technology based on the surface acoustic wave, and being capable of being more widely applied in more fields.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a receiving circuit in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transmit circuit in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front-end filter in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single port SAW resonator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a simulation of a temperature-frequency curve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing simulation of admittance characteristics in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example one
In one or more embodiments, a wireless passive high voltage power grid temperature measurement system is disclosed, with reference to fig. 1, comprising: the system comprises a card reader, a plurality of antennas connected with a radio frequency interface of the card reader, and an upper computer communicated with the card reader; the card reader comprises a primary variable frequency receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, and the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit are connected with the antenna through a receiving and transmitting changeover switch; the receiving circuit performs band-pass sampling on the intermediate-frequency signal obtained by frequency-reducing and mixing the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor through the antenna, and extracts an effective signal related to temperature.
The card reader is provided with four radio frequency interfaces which can be respectively connected with four antennas to realize temperature measurement of a plurality of areas, and the antennas are selected by a single-pole four-throw switch. The card reader is connected with the upper computer through a 485 bus.
When the card reader is in a transmitting state, the DSP processor sets the frequency of an output signal of the VCO, and the output signal is transmitted by the antenna after being amplified and transmitted and received by the switch;
when the receiving state is in, the received signal is sent to the DSP processor for signal analysis and processing after band-pass filtering, amplification, down-conversion, intermediate frequency amplification and filtering.
The received signal can also be sent to a DSP processor after being subjected to power detection (RSSI signal) to assist the analysis and judgment of the signal.
The structure of the receiving circuit is shown in fig. 2, and the receiving circuit comprises a receiving front-end filter, a limiter, a low-noise amplifier, a switch, a mixer, an intermediate-frequency band-pass filter, a limiting amplifier and the like.
The working principle of the receiving link is that after a radio frequency receiving signal passes through a receiving antenna and a switch, the radio frequency receiving signal firstly passes through a radio frequency front-end filter (BPF1) for frequency band selection and power protection through a limiter 1 device, and simultaneously inhibits image frequency and out-of-band signals, then the signal is amplified through low-noise amplification, and then passes through LFP1 and BFP2 for inhibiting secondary harmonic and other high-frequency interference signals of an LNA, and simultaneously adopts a limiter 2 for limiting output power in order to prevent the output power of the LNA from being overhigh, at the moment, a purer in-band signal is down-converted through a mixer, the system adopts a high local oscillator with the frequency range of 450.7+/-9MHz, the mixer outputs an intermediate frequency signal with the fixed intermediate frequency of 10.7MHz, the signal filters a radio frequency signal leaked to the intermediate frequency through LFP4, then enters an intermediate frequency BFP2 band-pass filter for filtering, the intermediate frequency signal is driven through intermediate frequency amplification and then is subjected to secondary intermediate frequency filtering through an amplifier, and then the output is driven by the intermediate amplifier circuit.
The intermediate amplifier circuit is an intermediate frequency amplifier and is a device chip used for amplifying the power of the intermediate frequency signal.
The transmitting circuit is shown in fig. 3, wherein the adjustment frequency band of the phase-locked loop (PLL) is not less than the total frequency band of the system, and the gain of the Power Amplifier (PA) requires a certain adjustment range to meet the signal strength variation of the tag sensor at different positions, so as to prevent saturation blocking of the receiving circuit. The frequency hopping interval of the PLL output is required to meet the requirement of minimum resolution of temperature measurement, and the offset and temperature stability of the input reference crystal oscillator of the PLL are less than the requirement of accuracy of temperature measurement.
The working principle of the transmitting link is as follows: the DSP collects reference local oscillation signals (880MHz +/-18 MHz) and sends the signals into a controllable PLL, the controllable PLL forms radio frequency emission signals (440MHz +/-9 MHz) after phase discrimination, filtering and frequency division and sends the signals into a controllable attenuator, frequency band selection is carried out through a band-pass filter, signal switch control is carried out through a radio frequency switch, the output signals of a conduction port of the controllable PLL pass through the filter again to filter switch noise, the signals enter a radio frequency Power Amplifier (PA) after passing through a matching circuit at the front end of the PA, meanwhile, the DSP carries out step control on the gain of the PA through two IO ports, the phenomenon that when the actual installation positions of two label sensors are close, the radio frequency echo signals are strong and cause received signal blockage is avoided, the signals are connected to a receiving and sending switch through the matching circuit and the band-pass filter circuit of the output of the PA, and the single frequency signals are sent to a space through an antenna.
In this embodiment, the filter is an important device commonly used in communication engineering, has frequency selectivity to signals, passes or blocks, separates or synthesizes signals of certain frequencies in a communication system, and is widely applied to various telecommunication equipment and control systems. The design method of the filter adopted by the patent simulates related tools of software and debugs by combining the test effect of an actual circuit, so that the design requirement can be met.
Because the central frequency point of the surface acoustic wave sensor used at the front end is 440MHz, in actual use, because no filter with a proper frequency band is developed, a proper filter needs to be designed by oneself. The required bandwidth of a filter at the front end of the radio frequency is 20Mhz, the frequency of a designed pass band is 430-450 MHz, and the out-of-band blocking attenuation coefficient is not less than 20 db.
In this embodiment, a schematic diagram of the front-end filter is shown in fig. 4, the filter has two notch points out of band, which reduces transition bands on both sides, can advantageously eliminate second harmonic frequencies of local oscillation and radio frequency from entering the receiving circuit, and has an in-band flatness of less than 1db, thereby meeting design requirements.
The digital circuit part mainly comprises a DSP, an EEPROM, an interface circuit (RS232/485, CAN), a power supply and the like. The digital part is mainly used for detecting RSSI signals and AD converting received intermediate frequency signals, calculating the resonant frequency of the tag sensor according to the RSSI and the processing result of the received intermediate frequency, converting the resonant frequency into temperature and transmitting the temperature to an upper computer through a serial port.
The RSSI (received information strength indication) is a port of a DSP (digital signal processor) chip, and the DSP detects the RSSI signal strength indication at the programming time so as to complete the calculation of signal echoes (the temperature of a label sensor of a high-voltage power grid is measured by finding out the resonant frequency corresponding to the maximum strength point and then converting the resonant frequency into the temperature, wherein the surface acoustic wave label sensor is attached to the high-voltage power grid).
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-port SAW resonator, which is a core chip of a tag sensor. The single-port SAW resonator is composed of a comb transducer (IDT), reflection gratings disposed on both sides of the IDT, and a piezoelectric material substrate at the bottom. The performance (Q value, impedance, frequency temperature characteristic and the like) of the SAW resonator as the core part of the tag sensor is directly related to the measuring range and the temperature measurement precision of the sensor. The temperature-frequency curve simulation result and the admittance characteristics simulation result are shown in fig. 6 and 7, respectively.
The temperature is determined according to the frequency of the return signal of the tag sensor. Setting the reference resonance frequency point of the SAW resonator at normal temperature as f0The resonant frequency point is f when the temperature changes1Then, there are:
f1＝f0[1+S1(T1-T0)+S2(T1-T0)2+S3(T1-T0)3+…] (1)
wherein S is1，S2，S3First, second, and third order frequency coefficients of change with respect to temperature, respectively. The above equation ignores the frequency shift caused by channel errors.
When the temperature variation range is small, the coefficients above the second-order polynomial in the equation (1) are small and can be ignored, so that the following can be simplified:
f1＝f0+Sf0(T1-T0) (2)
wherein S is a relative temperature coefficient and has a unit of ppm. Equation (2) can also be written as:
in the formula T0Is the reference temperature, T1Is the current temperature.
The actual "temperature-frequency" characteristic is far from the linear relation, and especially when the temperature measurement range is wide, the high-order terms cannot be ignored, and in this case, the multinomial approximation is needed.
When the temperature variation range is large, the linear relation no longer meets the accuracy requirement, and in this case, multiple fitting terms are needed. When considering the quadratic term (the higher order terms above the cubic term are negligible), the frequency can be calculated according to equation (1) as:
f1＝f0[1+S1(T1-T0)+S2(T1-T0)2] (4)
conversely, if the frequency is known, the temperature can be found by:
the frequency and temperature change relation of the label sensor is assumed to satisfy:
f1＝f0+Sf0(T1-T0) (6)
wherein S is a relative temperature coefficient and has a unit of ppm. Equation (6) can also be written as:
integration on both sides
C0Is constant and can be derived using test data. Therefore:
equation (6) is a strict equation for determining the temperature from the frequency, considering the temperature coefficient only once. And directly performing elementary transformation according to the formula (7) to obtain
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a wireless passive high voltage electric network temperature measurement system which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a card reader, a plurality of antennas connected with a radio frequency interface of the card reader, and an upper computer communicated with the card reader;
the card reader comprises a primary variable frequency receiving circuit and a transmitting circuit, wherein the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit are connected with an antenna through a receiving and transmitting change-over switch; the receiving circuit performs band-pass sampling on the intermediate-frequency signal obtained by performing frequency reduction and mixing on the resonant frequency of the surface acoustic wave sensor through an antenna so as to extract an effective signal related to temperature;
the primary frequency conversion type receiving circuit comprises: a band-pass filter BFP1, a low noise amplifier LNA, an intermediate frequency filter LFP1, a change-over switch SW1, a band-pass filter BFP2, an attenuator P1, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter LFP4, a change-over switch SW2, a band-pass filter BFP3, an amplifier AMP1, an intermediate frequency filter LFP5, a limiter LIMAMP, a band-pass filter BFP4, a change-over switch SW3, an amplifier AMP2 and a DSP processor which are connected in sequence; the output end of the DSP processor is connected with a phase-locked loop PLL, an oscillator VCO, an amplifier AMP3 and an intermediate frequency filter LFP3 in series in sequence and then is connected with a mixer; the band-pass filter BFP1 is provided with two trap points out of band to eliminate the second harmonic frequency of local oscillation and radio frequency to enter a receiving circuit;
the transmission circuit includes: after the output of the DSP enters a phase-locked loop PLL and an oscillator VCO, the frequency is divided by 2 through a filter and a change-over switch, and then the frequency is attenuated and amplified through a power amplifier PA and then sent to an antenna for transmitting and outputting;
the adjustment frequency band of the phase-locked loop PLL is not less than the total frequency band of the system, the gain of the power amplifier PA is required to have a certain adjustment range to meet the signal intensity change of the tag sensor at different positions, and therefore the saturation blockage of a receiving circuit is prevented; the frequency hopping interval of the PLL output is required to meet the requirement of minimum resolution of temperature measurement, and the offset and temperature stability of the input reference crystal oscillator of the PLL are less than the precision requirement of the temperature measurement;
the bandwidth of the band-pass filter BFP1 is 20Mhz, the passband frequency is 430-450 MHz, and the out-of-band blocking attenuation coefficient is not less than 20 dB.
2. The wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the card reader comprises a plurality of radio frequency interfaces, each radio frequency interface is connected with an antenna, and the radio frequency interfaces are connected through a single-pole multi-throw switch.
3. The wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system according to claim 1, wherein detection of a received RSSI signal strength indication signal and AD conversion of a received intermediate frequency signal calculate a resonant frequency of the tag sensor according to the RSSI and a processing result of the received intermediate frequency, convert the resonant frequency into a temperature and transmit the temperature to an upper computer through a serial port.
4. The wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system of claim 1, further comprising: the tag sensor is provided with a single-port SAW resonator, wherein the single-port SAW resonator comprises a comb transducer, reflecting grids arranged on two sides of the comb transducer and a piezoelectric material substrate arranged at the bottom of the comb transducer; and the label sensor feeds back resonant frequency information to the card reader so as to obtain temperature change according to the resonant frequency.
5. A working method of a wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the radio frequency receiving signal passes through a receiving antenna, firstly, the frequency band is selected by a radio frequency front-end filter, and power protection is carried out by an amplitude limiting device; simultaneously inhibiting image frequency and out-of-band signals;
then the signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier, and the second harmonic and other high-frequency interference signals amplified by the low-noise amplifier are suppressed by a cascade band-pass filter; meanwhile, limiting the output power by using a limiting device;
the output signal is down-converted by a mixer, the intermediate frequency signal output by the mixer is filtered by LFP4, an intermediate frequency band-pass filter and a limiting amplifier in sequence, and the intermediate frequency signal is driven and output by the intermediate frequency amplifier;
the band-pass filter is provided with two trap points outside the band so as to eliminate second harmonic frequency of local oscillation and radio frequency and enter a receiving circuit;
after the output of the DSP enters a phase-locked loop PLL and an oscillator VCO, the frequency is divided by 2 through a filter and a change-over switch, and then the frequency is attenuated and amplified through a power amplifier PA and then sent to an antenna for transmitting and outputting;
the adjustment frequency band of the phase-locked loop PLL is not less than the total frequency band of the system, the gain of the power amplifier PA is required to have a certain adjustment range to meet the signal intensity change of the tag sensor at different positions, and therefore the saturation blockage of a receiving circuit is prevented; the frequency hopping interval of the PLL output is required to meet the requirement of minimum resolution of temperature measurement, and the offset and temperature stability of the input reference crystal oscillator of the PLL are less than the precision requirement of the temperature measurement;
the bandwidth of the front-end filter is 20Mhz, the pass band frequency is 430-450 MHz, and the out-of-band blocking attenuation coefficient is not less than 20 dB.
6. The operating method of the wireless passive high-voltage power grid temperature measurement system according to claim 5, wherein the detection of the received RSSI signal strength indication signal and the AD conversion of the received intermediate frequency signal calculate the resonant frequency of the tag sensor according to the RSSI and the processing result of the received intermediate frequency and convert the resonant frequency into temperature to be transmitted to the upper computer through a serial port.
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| CN113852977A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-28 | 李其中 | WIFI6 signal and 5G communication signal collinear transmission device |
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| CN115655515B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-03-14 | 四川赛康智能科技股份有限公司 | High-voltage switch cabinet online temperature measurement system based on energy information integrated transmission technology |
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| CN202887225U (en) * | 2012-11-17 | 2013-04-17 | 中科微声（天津）传感技术有限公司 | Reader-writer of acoustic surface wave wireless passive sensor system |
| CN103279777A (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2013-09-04 | 西南交通大学 | Wireless surface acoustic wave temperature measurement system reader-writer |
| CN103868621A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-06-18 | 上海交通大学 | Electrical equipment remote passive wireless temperature monitoring system and method |
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| CN111141410A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-12 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Passive wireless temperature measuring device of circuit breaker contact |
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