CN116359680A - Partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design based on UHF sweep frequency - Google Patents
Partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design based on UHF sweep frequency Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design of a partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF frequency sweep, which comprises a frequency band selection filter for suppressing frequency-variable time-domain frequency interference, wherein the frequency band selection filter is electrically connected with a low-noise amplifier for small-energy electromagnetic signals, the low-noise amplifier is electrically connected with a frequency conversion unit I, the frequency conversion unit I is electrically connected with a bandwidth and gain control unit I, the bandwidth and gain control unit I is electrically connected with a frequency conversion unit II, and the frequency conversion unit II is electrically connected with a bandwidth and gain control unit II. The ultra-heterodyne receiver for partial discharge detection based on UHF sweep frequency has the characteristics of wide frequency band, large dynamic and high sensitivity, can convert the wide frequency spectrum into a narrow-band analog signal for extracting the phase and amplitude of the partial discharge signal, thereby greatly reducing the requirement and the data quantity of a data acquisition system and achieving the purposes of detecting the signal and reducing the technical requirement and the cost of the detection system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of superheterodyne receivers, and particularly relates to a design of a partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF frequency sweep.
Background
When a transformer and a GIS combined electrical apparatus { hereinafter referred to as GIS) in a transformer substation generate insulation faults in the operation process to generate partial discharge, the frequency spectrum of the excited electromagnetic wave signal reaches 3GHz, and the main energy is concentrated at 500-1500 MHz; the insulation faults of the transformer and the GIS are diagnosed and determined by detecting the ultrahigh frequency pulse electromagnetic wave radiated outwards in the partial discharge process of the transformer and the GIS and by means of a computer and a signal processing technology, so that the method is a detection method widely applied to the current power system. The ultrahigh frequency partial discharge detection technology has high sensitivity, high accuracy and strong anti-interference performance, can realize the detection of partial discharge signals, and can realize the identification of fault types, even fault positioning.
The electromagnetic wave signal excited by the partial discharge of the transformer has a very wide frequency spectrum which is as high as 3GHz, although the bandwidth of the response signal is reduced by adopting a UHF antenna with the frequency of 500 MHz-1500 MHz, the bandwidth of 1GHz is still available, the highest frequency is 1500MHz, the phase distribution and amplitude information of the ultrahigh frequency signal are required to be acquired in a power frequency period for detecting the ultrahigh frequency characteristic of the partial discharge, and the ADC for directly acquiring the ultrahigh frequency signal with the high frequency is expensive and limited in import; and the large sampling data volume is processed in real time, so that the requirements on the software and hardware performances of the data acquisition system are very high. In the frequency band of 500 MHz-1500 MHz, there is strong interference of electromagnetic wave signals such as mobile communication, television, radar, etc., and it is necessary to filter out electromagnetic wave interference signals in these fixed frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design of a partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF frequency sweep, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the design of the partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF sweep frequency comprises a frequency band selection filter for suppressing frequency-variable time-domain frequency interference;
the frequency band selection filter is electrically connected with a low noise amplifier for small-energy electromagnetic signals, the low noise amplifier is electrically connected with a first frequency conversion unit, the first frequency conversion unit is electrically connected with a first bandwidth and gain control unit, the first bandwidth and gain control unit is electrically connected with a second frequency conversion unit, the second frequency conversion unit is electrically connected with a second bandwidth and gain control unit, and the second gain control unit is electrically connected with a detector.
Preferably, the first frequency conversion unit includes a first-stage mixer, the first-stage mixer is electrically connected to the low-noise amplifier, and the first-stage mixer is electrically connected to a local oscillator first, and the local oscillator first is electrically connected to the microprocessor.
Preferably, the first bandwidth and gain control unit includes a first bandpass filter, the first bandpass filter is electrically connected to the first stage mixer, and the first bandpass filter is electrically connected to the first intermediate frequency amplifier.
Preferably, the second frequency conversion unit includes a second frequency mixer, the second frequency mixer is electrically connected to the first intermediate frequency amplifier, and the second frequency mixer is further electrically connected to the second local oscillator.
Preferably, the second bandwidth and gain control unit includes a second bandpass filter, the second bandpass filter is electrically connected to the second mixer, and the second bandpass filter is further electrically connected to an intermediate frequency amplifier, and the second intermediate frequency amplifier is electrically connected to the detector.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: the design of the partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF sweep frequency is beneficial to the arrangement of the frequency conversion unit I and the frequency conversion unit II, and the bandwidth and gain control unit I and the bandwidth and gain control unit II, and has the characteristics of wide frequency band, large dynamic property and high sensitivity, and can convert the wide frequency spectrum into a narrow-band analog signal for extracting the phase and amplitude of the partial discharge signal, thereby greatly reducing the requirement and the data quantity of a data acquisition system and achieving the purposes of detecting the signal and reducing the technical requirement and the cost of the detection system. The method can effectively filter electromagnetic interference signals with fixed frequency bands such as mobile communication, television, radar and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the design of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a design of a partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF sweep frequency as shown in figure 1, which comprises a frequency band selection filter for suppressing the frequency interference of a frequency conversion time, wherein the frequency band selection filter consists of an LCL passive high-pass filter and a passive low-pass filter, the input frequency band of the 3dB is limited to be 500-1500 MHz, the frequency band beyond 450-1650 MHz is suppressed by more than 20dB, the input port is simultaneously grounded, the frequency band selection filter is electrically connected with a low-noise amplifier for small-energy electromagnetic signals, the low-noise amplifier is electrically connected with a frequency conversion unit I, the frequency conversion unit I is electrically connected with a bandwidth and a gain control unit I, the bandwidth and the gain control unit I is electrically connected with a frequency conversion unit II, the frequency conversion unit II is electrically connected with a bandwidth and a gain control unit II, the input frequency band of the detector is limited to be 100-2700 MHz, the input dynamic range of the detector is limited to be-60 dBm-10 m, and the output bandwidth of the frequency band selection filter is used for selecting the frequency to be measured, and the frequency of the frequency band is suppressed by more than 20dB at the frequency interference of the frequency conversion time to be more than 20% below the frequency interference of the frequency in the frequency conversion time. According to theoretical analysis, the bandwidth of the band selection filter is far lower than the first intermediate frequency, the interference caused by intermediate frequency and half intermediate frequency is reduced, the function of the low-noise amplifier is to ensure the receiving of electromagnetic signals with small energy for weaker partial discharge, the whole receiving front-end frequency conversion external processing circuit has the receiving sensitivity as high as possible, and the low-noise amplifying circuit is designed at the front stage to reduce the noise influence of the current stage and the later stage frequency conversion and detection, so that the main measure for improving the sensitivity is provided. In addition to the low noise requirement, there is also a sufficient level dynamic range.
Specifically, the first frequency conversion unit comprises a first-stage mixer, the first-stage mixer is electrically connected with the low-noise amplifier, the first-stage mixer is electrically connected with a first local oscillator, the first local oscillator adopts a programmable frequency synthesizer and outputs a local oscillator frequency signal (2460-3460 MHz) set by a system according to the control of a microprocessor, the output power is 0-2 dBm, the phase noise is less than-70 dBc/Hz@1K, the spurious is less than-30 dBc, the frequency stability in a temperature range of-40-80 ℃ is less than 10PPM, and the stepping frequency is 1MHz;
the first local oscillator is electrically connected with a microprocessor, and the microprocessor adopts an 8051 singlechip and completes the output frequency setting of the local oscillator 1 (programmable frequency synthesizer) through an SPI interface according to system setting parameters; the method comprises the steps that seamless stepping sweep frequency is carried out in a 20MHz bandwidth within an input frequency band of 500-1500 MHz through adjusting the output frequency (2460-3460 MHz) of a local oscillator 1, partial discharge signals are searched, a first bandwidth and gain control unit comprises a first band-pass filter, the first band-pass filter is electrically connected with a first stage mixer, the first band-pass filter is electrically connected with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a second frequency conversion unit comprises a second stage mixer, the second stage mixer is electrically connected with the first intermediate frequency amplifier, the second stage mixer is also electrically connected with a local oscillator, the second local oscillator adopts a fixed-point frequency source, a local oscillator frequency signal of 2100MHz is output, the output power is 2dBm, the phase noise is smaller than-75 dBc/Hz@1K, and the frequency stability in a temperature range of 40-80 ℃ is smaller than 10PPM;
the bandwidth and gain control unit II comprises a band-pass filter II, and the band-pass filter I and the band-pass filter II adopt acoustic surface filters and have the characteristics of high working frequency, wide passband, good frequency selection characteristic and the like; the 3dB bandwidth of the first band-pass filter is 1930-1990 MHz, and the frequency band beyond 1850-2040 MHz is suppressed by more than 30 dB; the insertion loss of the second band-pass filter is 9.3dB when the bandwidth is 130-150 MHz, and the band beyond 128-152 MHz is suppressed by more than 35 dB;
the second band-pass filter is electrically connected with the second-stage mixer, the first-stage mixer and the second-stage mixer adopt passive broadband mixers, the L0/RF input frequency range is 5-2500 MHz, the IF output frequency range is 5-2500 MHz, and the conversion loss is 7.9dB; adopting differential mixing, and outputting intermediate frequency equal to the difference between the local oscillation frequency and the input signal frequency; the 1960MHz signal of the primary intermediate frequency output of the design is equal to the local oscillation 1 frequency (2460-3460 MHz) minus the input signal frequency (500-1500 MHz), and the other input signal frequency meeting the 1960MHz signal condition of the primary intermediate frequency output is far outside the 4.4GHz frequency band and is suppressed by a frequency band selection filter; the 140MHz signal of the second-level intermediate frequency output is equal to the local oscillation 2 frequency (2100 MHz) minus 1960MHz intermediate frequency signal frequency, and the other one of the first-level intermediate frequency signal frequencies meeting the condition of the 140MHz signal of the second-level intermediate frequency output is beyond 2240MHz frequency band and is restrained by the first band-pass filter;
the band-pass filter II is also electrically connected with an intermediate frequency amplifier II, the intermediate frequency amplifier II is electrically connected with a detector, the frequency conversion unit I and the frequency conversion unit II are used for adjusting the frequency to perform seamless stepping frequency sweep in the whole detection frequency band, searching the frequency of the partial discharge signal and outputting a fixed intermediate frequency signal with pure frequency spectrum, and the broadband signal output by the frequency conversion stage can not be directly applied to a data acquisition system, so that the signal bandwidth and the signal amplitude must be properly adjusted to ensure the fixed frequency stepping and the fixed bandwidth. The bandwidth and gain control unit I and the bandwidth and gain control unit II are used for controlling the bandwidth of the signal to be 20MHz at the intermediate frequency, then the signal with the frequency of 140MHz and the amplitude of moderate is output finally, and the signal is sent to the data acquisition system after detection, and the superheterodyne receiver adopts a high intermediate frequency design, so that the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier I of the receiver is not influenced by the broadband input UHF signal; the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier I is far larger than the 1500MHz input frequency band, and 1960MHz intermediate frequency output is adopted; the local oscillator frequency output is far greater than 1500MHz input frequency band, 2460-3460 MHz local oscillator frequency output is adopted, a primary low-noise amplifier and a two-stage intermediate frequency amplifier are adopted, the total gain is greater than 60dB, the attenuation matched with a filter, a mixer and a network is subtracted, and the superheterodyne receiver gain is greater than 20dB; the design adopts a broadband low-noise amplifier, the frequency band range reaches 50-6000 MHz, the noise coefficient is 1.1@1.9GHz, and the gain is 16-17 dB in the frequency band range of 500-1500 MHz; the intermediate frequency amplifier adopts an RF amplifier with the frequency band range of 50-4000 MHz, the gain is 20.4dB at the 1960MHz frequency point, and the gain is 23.6dB at the 140MHz frequency point.
The working principle is that the ultra-high frequency signal band generated by partial discharge received from a UHF sensor is up to more than 2GHz, the UHF signal band input into a low noise amplifier is limited to 500-1500 MHz through a band selection filter, the UHF signal is very weak and is pre-amplified by adopting the low noise amplifier before entering a primary mixer, the amplified UHF signal and a frequency signal (2460-3460 MHz) generated by a local oscillator are input into the primary mixer together to output 1960MHz intermediate frequency signal, the 1960MHz intermediate frequency signal is limited to 60MHz through a band-pass filter, the output bandwidth is limited to 60MHz through the intermediate frequency amplifier, the amplified UHF signal and a frequency signal (2100 MHz) generated by a local oscillator are input into a secondary mixer together to output 140MHz intermediate frequency signal, the 140MHz intermediate frequency signal is limited to 20MHz through the band-pass filter, and the amplitude peak value of the 140MHz + -10 MHz intermediate frequency signal is converted into a low frequency analog voltage signal to be output through a detector after the amplification through the intermediate frequency amplifier.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The design of the partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver based on UHF sweep frequency comprises a frequency band selection filter for suppressing frequency-variable time-domain frequency interference;
the method is characterized in that: the frequency band selection filter is electrically connected with a low noise amplifier for small-energy electromagnetic signals, the low noise amplifier is electrically connected with a first frequency conversion unit, the first frequency conversion unit is electrically connected with a first bandwidth and gain control unit, the first bandwidth and gain control unit is electrically connected with a second frequency conversion unit, the second frequency conversion unit is electrically connected with a second bandwidth and gain control unit, and the second gain control unit is electrically connected with a detector.
2. The UHF-swept based partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design of claim 1, wherein: the first frequency conversion unit comprises a first-stage mixer, the first-stage mixer is electrically connected with the low-noise amplifier, the first-stage mixer is electrically connected with a first local oscillator, and the first local oscillator is electrically connected with a microprocessor.
3. The UHF-swept based partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design of claim 2, wherein: the bandwidth and gain control unit I comprises a band-pass filter I, wherein the band-pass filter I is electrically connected with the primary mixer, and the band-pass filter I is electrically connected with an intermediate frequency amplifier I.
4. A UHF-swept based partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design according to claim 3, characterized in that: the frequency conversion unit II comprises a secondary frequency mixer, the secondary frequency mixer is electrically connected with the intermediate frequency amplifier I, and the secondary frequency mixer is also electrically connected with the local oscillator II.
5. The UHF-swept based partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design of claim 4, wherein: the bandwidth and gain control unit II comprises a band-pass filter II, the band-pass filter II is electrically connected with the secondary mixer, the band-pass filter II is also electrically connected with an intermediate frequency amplifier II, and the intermediate frequency amplifier II is electrically connected with the detector.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310073477.1A CN116359680A (en) | 2023-01-18 | 2023-01-18 | Partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design based on UHF sweep frequency |
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| CN202310073477.1A CN116359680A (en) | 2023-01-18 | 2023-01-18 | Partial discharge detection superheterodyne receiver design based on UHF sweep frequency |
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