CN210180183U - Scrap steel preheating equipment system - Google Patents
Scrap steel preheating equipment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210180183U CN210180183U CN201920917376.7U CN201920917376U CN210180183U CN 210180183 U CN210180183 U CN 210180183U CN 201920917376 U CN201920917376 U CN 201920917376U CN 210180183 U CN210180183 U CN 210180183U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a scrap steel preheating equipment system, which comprises a cold scrap steel box 1, a wheel type chain plate conveyor 2, a preheating scrap steel channel 3, an air draught fan 4, a flue gas draught fan 5, a flue gas air heat exchanger 7, a heating scrap steel storage bin 8, a gas combustion chamber 9 (or high-temperature flue gas recovery), a dioxin adsorption device 6 and a bag-type dust collector 10 (or low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11); through the series-parallel combination of the devices, the heat energy with different energy levels is reasonably utilized to heat and preheat the steel scrap and the air, thereby realizing the high-efficiency utilization of the heat energy and prolonging the time for preheating the steel scrap by one time; the method has the advantages that various measures of forced smoke penetrability and waste steel contact heat exchange are taken, waste steel is continuously preheated at high temperature and high efficiency within short time intervals, the requirement of a modern converter for quick (about 15 minutes) steelmaking is met, and the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances such as nitric oxide, dioxin and the like in the waste steel is reduced. The utility model discloses practical application spreading value has.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of quick steelmaking is energy-conserving, specifically is a scrap steel preheating device system for the scrap steel is preheated in the converter steelmaking, shortens the smelting cycle, and is energy-conserving high yield.
Background
The converter steelmaking in China accounts for about 87 percent, and is a main steelmaking method. The converter steelmaking is a long-flow steelmaking which utilizes oxygen to oxidize elements such as silicon, manganese, carbon and the like in blast furnace molten iron to release heat, does not need an external heat source and realizes the butt joint with the blast furnace ironmaking. However, in the modern electric steelmaking of converter steelmaking, 20 percent or more scrap steel is added in converter steelmaking like electric steelmaking. The combination of the two steelmaking methods greatly accelerates the steelmaking speed, dilutes harmful impurities, saves slagging materials, reduces slagging energy consumption, improves equipment productivity and reduces energy consumption rate per ton of steel.
The technical innovation improves the steel yield, reduces the steel-making cost, and correspondingly, a new contradiction appears, more converter gas is produced in unit time by the converter rapid steel-making, the capacity of the original matched system such as gas waste heat power generation is exceeded, a proper amount of gas can be stolen by some plants, the consumption of some plants is random, white (containing water vapor) smoke discharged by burning and heating the redundant gas is prevented from being whitened by some plants, a few steel plants burn the gas to heat the steel scrap, the temperature of the steel scrap is lower than 300 ℃, and harmful substances such as dioxin, nitrogen oxide and the like are easily generated due to simple and crude equipment for heating the steel scrap, the design is unreasonable, the steel scrap cannot be continuously heated, and the temperature of the steel scrap is lower than 300 ℃. However, the method for preheating the scrap steel has the advantages of higher steel-making scrap steel ratio, larger single-furnace yield, shorter smelting time, lower cost and the like, and the improvement of the scrap steel heating equipment and the method are needed to further improve the advantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a novel steel scrap preheating device system for the steel-making of converter or electric stove preheats the steel scrap.
The utility model discloses an adopt following technical scheme to realize:
a scrap steel preheating equipment system mainly comprises a cold scrap steel box, a wheel type chain scraper conveyor, a scrap steel preheating channel, an air induced draft fan, a flue gas air heat exchanger (an air preheater), a heating scrap steel storage bin, a coal gas (low nitrogen) combustion chamber, a dioxin adsorbent mixing chamber and a bag-type dust collector (or a low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber).
The wheel type chain scraper conveyor is arranged in a preheating waste steel channel which is obliquely arranged, the bottom of the preheating waste steel channel is positioned above the tail part of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor and is provided with a cold waste steel box, and a forced material flattening device which is used for limiting waste steel in a lifting groove of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor is arranged at the outlet of the cold waste steel box on the preheating waste steel channel; a discharge port at the upper part of the preheating scrap steel channel is communicated with a hot flue gas outlet at the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin, and a machine head part of the wheel type chain plate conveyor feeds a scrap steel material into the heating scrap steel storage bin through a scrap steel chute; the heating scrap steel storage bin is characterized in that the bottom surface of the heating scrap steel storage bin is a movable storage bin bracket bottom plate capable of being opened, the heating scrap steel storage bin is located on a storage bin base, a secondary ventilation afterburning pipe is arranged on the upper portion of the heating scrap steel storage bin, a high-temperature flue is arranged at the bottom of the heating scrap steel storage bin, and the high-temperature flue is communicated with a gas combustion chamber or a high-temperature flue gas recovery system.
A flue gas air separation wall is arranged on a section of a certain position of the lower part of the preheating scrap steel channel, the preheating scrap steel channel is positioned on the upper side of the flue gas air separation wall and is connected with a flue gas inlet of a flue gas air heat exchanger through a flue gas induced duct, a flue gas outlet of the flue gas air heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas dioxin removal system, and a flue gas induced draft fan is installed on the flue gas induced duct; the preheating scrap steel channel is positioned on the lower side of the flue gas air separation wall and is connected with an air inlet of the flue gas air heat exchanger through an air induced duct, an air induced draft fan is installed on the air induced duct, and an air outlet of the flue gas air heat exchanger is respectively connected with an air inlet of the secondary ventilation afterburning pipe and the air inlet of the gas combustion chamber through pipelines.
Furthermore, the equipment system has two design structures for removing harmful dioxin in the flue gas, wherein the first structure is that a flue gas outlet of the flue gas air heat exchanger is sequentially connected with a dioxin adsorption device and a bag-type dust collector; the second structure is that the flue gas is connected with a flue gas-air heat exchanger through a low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber.
When the device works, firstly, a mechanical gripper or an electromagnet is used for loading the scrap steel into a cold scrap steel box; the wheel type chain plate conveyor is started, the scrap steel is limited in height and leveled by the material leveling device and then is lifted to the driving sprocket on the upper portion of the scrap steel, when a scrap steel lifting groove on the chain plate overturns along with the driving sprocket, the scrap steel falls onto a scrap steel chute and falls into a heating scrap steel storage bin, and the wheel type chain plate conveyor stops after the scrap steel falling into the heating scrap steel storage bin reaches the preset usage amount of one furnace of steel. Igniting the gas combustion chamber, controlling high-temperature flue gas with the anoxic combustion temperature of about 1000-1200 ℃ to pass through a high-temperature flue gas inlet and enter a scrap steel gap, closely contacting and exchanging heat with the penetrability of scrap steel from bottom to top until the flue gas passes through a stacked scrap steel layer, reducing the flue gas temperature to about 500-600 ℃, introducing preheated air into the space above the scrap steel layer through a secondary ventilation afterburning pipe, relighting residual gas with the anoxic combustion control in the gas combustion chamber, increasing the flue gas temperature again, heating a hot flue gas outlet at the upper part of a scrap steel storage bin, and sucking the hot flue gas through a flue gas induced draft fan into the space above a wheel type chain plate conveyor in a preheated scrap steel channel.
The preheating scrap steel channel is basically divided into two independent sealed spaces by the smoke air separation wall, the upper space is a smoke channel, and the lower space is an air channel. The height of the inner top surface (flue gas channel section) of a preheated scrap steel channel fluctuates, the flue gas is forced to form a vortex flow state, the flue gas is forced to penetrate into a scrap steel gap on the flue gas channel section on a wheel type chain plate conveyor, the flue gas can be repeatedly penetrated and closely contacted with the scrap steel for heat exchange, the temperature is about 400 ℃, the anticorrosive paint, grease, PVC and other plastic fragments carried on the surface of the scrap steel are easily converted to generate part of harmful gases such as dioxin, the harmful gases enter low-temperature flue gas until the harmful gases reach the inlet of a flue gas induced draft fan, the temperature of the flue gas is lower than 300 ℃, and the flue gas enters. When a first structure for removing dioxin is adopted, a dioxin adsorption device is arranged between the flue gas air heat exchanger and the bag-type dust collector, after the dioxin is fully adsorbed, flue gas flows into the bag-type dust collector, and an adsorbent, solid dioxin and other dust in the flue gas are filtered by the bag-type dust collector and are reduced to be less than 20mg/m3In the flue gasDioxin can be reduced to 0.1mg/m3Then, the filtered smoke dust is solidified and the like for harmless treatment; when a second structure for removing dioxin is adopted, low-temperature flue gas is sent into a low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber, the volume of the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber is several times that of a flue gas pipeline, the flow rate is slowed down, the flue gas passes through a flame curtain sprayed by small-sized coal gas nozzles dispersed in the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber, harmful substances such as dioxin in the flue gas are ignited, the pollution of the harmful substances is eliminated, the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas is moderately raised at the moment, and the flue gas with moderately raised temperature enters a flue gas air heat. And an air induced draft fan pumps out air in a scrap steel gap on the air channel section on the wheel type chain plate conveyor to enter the flue gas air heat exchanger. The flue gas in the flue gas-air heat exchanger transfers most sensible heat to air, the air is sent into the gas combustion chamber after being heated up by recovering waste heat, the gas is combusted with the gas and is introduced into the secondary ventilation after-combustion pipe, the combustion temperature can be increased or the gas fuel consumption can be saved at the same temperature, limestone powder injected by the secondary ventilation after-combustion pipe along with the air is decomposed into CaO + CO by absorbing heat2(ii) a CaO powder and HCl and Cl in flue gas2(from chlorine-containing organic matter entrained in the scrap) and CaCl is formed by reaction2The generation of dioxin can be effectively reduced.
When the time for heating the scrap steel (less than the steel-making period) is reached, the temperature of the standby scrap steel in a furnace in the scrap steel storage bin is heated to reach the preset temperature, the combustion intensity of a gas combustion chamber can be controlled to be properly weakened (the smoke is prevented from overflowing), meanwhile, a water-cooled scrap steel bracket bottom plate is opened, the heated scrap steel is completely and smoothly dropped into a hot scrap steel groove, the scrap steel is timely conveyed to the converter and added into the converter, and then molten iron is added for oxygen blowing smelting. And after the hot steel scrap is emptied, closing the water-cooled steel scrap bracket bottom plate again. Then recovering the combustion intensity of the gas combustion chamber, simultaneously starting the wheel type chain plate conveyor, enabling the preheated scrap steel at the upper part of the wheel type chain plate conveyor to fall into a heated scrap steel storage bin, enabling the preheated scrap steel in the preheated scrap steel channel to be in close contact with high-temperature flue gas and then absorb heat to further raise the temperature, continuously preheating the cold scrap steel lifted by the wheel type chain plate conveyor by the medium-temperature flue gas, and repeatedly circulating the process, thereby realizing continuous, efficient, economical, pollution-free and high-temperature preheating of the scrap steel.
The utility model discloses utilize (scrap steel case + wheeled chain scraper conveyor + preheat the scrap steel passageway + heat the scrap steel storehouse + coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber + low temperature combustion-supporting room + flue gas air heat exchanger), or, (scrap steel case + wheeled chain scraper conveyor + preheat the scrap steel passageway + heat the scrap steel storehouse + coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber + flue gas air heat exchanger + dioxin adsorption equipment + sack cleaner), constitute the circulation system of heating the scrap steel, realized the continuous heating scrap steel, go into the stove scrap steel in principle and can heat to more than 800 ℃ (the too high easy collapse of temperature, the adhesion, be unfavorable for unloading), converter steelmaking scrap steel ratio can reach more than 40%, slagging amount reduces more than 50%, steelmaking speed is faster, single-furnace output is bigger. The method has the advantages of low generation amount of nitrogen oxides and basic elimination of harmful substances such as dioxin.
The utility model relates to a rationally, fine practical application and spreading value have.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an overall schematic diagram of a scrap steel preheating equipment system (a scrap steel bin, a wheel type chain plate conveyor, a preheating scrap steel channel, a heating scrap steel storage bin, a coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber, a flue gas air heat exchanger, a dioxin adsorption device and a bag-type dust collector).
FIG. 1a shows an overall schematic diagram of a scrap steel preheating equipment system (scrap steel bin + wheel type chain scraper conveyor + preheating scrap steel channel + heating scrap steel storage bin + coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber + low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber + flue gas air heat exchanger).
Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view of the discharge opening at the upper part of the preheating scrap channel, i.e. the head of the wheel-link conveyor.
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of the structure of a preheated scrap channel.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the junction between the discharge port at the upper part of the preheating scrap steel channel and the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin.
FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the flue gas air separation wall somewhere below the preheating scrap channel.
Figure 6 shows a side view of a heated scrap bin.
Fig. 6a shows a partially enlarged view of fig. 6.
Figure 7 shows a front view of a heated scrap bin.
Fig. 7a shows a partially enlarged schematic view of fig. 7.
In the figure: 1-cold scrap box, 101-material flattening device; 2-wheel type chain plate conveyor, 21-driving chain wheel, 22-chain plate, 23-driven chain wheel, 24-driving wheel, 25-chain, 26-chain shaft, 27-chain track, 28-driving shaft and 29-scrap steel lifting groove; 3-preheating a scrap steel channel, 31-a main beam, 32-a secondary beam, 33-an upright post, 34-a top beam, 35-cotton hanging C-shaped steel, 36-an adjusting lifting lug, 37-a heat insulation cotton block, 38-a support post and 39-a flue gas air isolation wall; 4-air induced draft fan, 41-air regulating valve, 42-air induced draft pipe; 5-a smoke induced draft fan, 51-a smoke regulating valve and 52-a smoke induced draft pipe; 6-dioxin adsorption equipment; 7-flue gas air heat exchanger (air preheater); 8-heating scrap steel storage bin, 81-scrap steel chute, 82-water-cooled scrap steel bracket, 821-bracket lifting lug, 822-lifting cylinder, 823-bracket rigid supporting plate, 824-spring, 825-vibrator, 826-bracket elastic supporting plate, 83-high-temperature flue gas inlet, 84 scrap steel and flue gas blocking wall, 85- (arch) high-temperature flue, 86-arch refractory material support, 87-hot flue gas outlet, 88-mullite heat-insulating brick, 89-clay refractory brick and 810-secondary ventilation afterburning pipe (carrying limestone powder); 9-gas (low nitrogen) combustion chamber; 10-bag dust collector; 11-low temperature combustion-supporting chamber.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A scrap steel preheating equipment system is shown in figure 1 and comprises a cold scrap steel box 1, a wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2, a scrap steel preheating channel 3, an air induced draft fan 4, a flue gas induced draft fan 5, a flue gas air heat exchanger 7, a heating scrap steel storage bin 8, a coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber 9 and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2 is installed in an obliquely arranged preheating scrap steel channel 3, a cold scrap steel box 1 is installed at the bottom of the preheating scrap steel channel 3, namely above the tail part of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2, and a forced material flattening device 101 for limiting scrap steel in a lifting groove 29 of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2 is installed at an outlet of the cold scrap steel box 1 on the preheating scrap steel channel 3.
Wherein the lowest part of the wheel chain scraper conveyor 2 plays the function of the bottom of the cold scrap box 1 and simultaneously conveys the scrap lower than the material flattening device 101 continuously towards the oblique upper part. As shown in fig. 2, the wheel type drag conveyor 2 is composed of 2 driving sprockets 21, 2N drag links 22, 2 driven sprockets 23, 2N driving wheels 24, 2N chains 25, 2N link shafts 26, 2 sets of tracks 27, 1 driving shaft 28, a motor reducer, and 1 driven shaft.
The cold scrap box 1 is a steel structure, and the large upper opening and the small lower opening of the cold scrap box are slightly smaller than the width of the container of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2. The material flattening device 101 is located at the lower outlet of the cold scrap box 1, the width of the material flattening device is as wide as the lower outlet, the lower installation height of the material flattening device is as high as the outlet of the cold scrap box 1, the material flattening device needs to have larger strength and certain length, the material flattening device is used for limiting the discharging height of the cold scrap box and the thickness of scrap falling on the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2, the scrap on the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 is forcedly flattened by utilizing the strength of the scrap flattening device, and the flue gas air isolation wall 39 is convenient to implement.
As shown in fig. 3, the preheating scrap steel channel 3 is composed of 2 main beams 31, a plurality of secondary beams 32 transversely erected on the main beams 31, 2 rows of upright columns 33 vertically welded on the main beams 31, a top beam 34 welded on every 2 adjacent upright columns 33, a plurality of cotton hanging C-shaped steels 35 welded inside the 2 adjacent upright columns 33, a plurality of adjusting lifting lugs 36 welded on the lower parts of the 2 transversely adjacent top beams, 1 cotton hanging C-shaped steel 3.5 welded on the side surface of each corresponding 2 adjusting lifting lug 36, a heat insulation cotton block 37 tightly connected with the lower part (top) or side part (wall) of each cotton hanging C-shaped steel 35 by bolts, and a support column 38 welded under the main beams 31 at a certain distance, and the preheating scrap steel channel 3 realizes a sealing structure as much as possible.
A flue gas air separation wall 39 is arranged on a section of a certain part of the lower part of the preheating scrap steel channel 3, as shown in figure 5, the main body of the flue gas air separation wall 39 is composed of a heat insulation cotton block 37, an access door 391 is also arranged, and the middle part of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2 is sealed and separated by a heat-resistant polyurethane plate 392. Preheating scrap steel passageway 3 top is located flue gas air separation wall 39 upside and is equipped with flue gas draught fan 5 (connect and preheat scrap steel passageway 3 top in the flue gas one side that corresponds with air draught fan 4) for the flue gas of waste steel is preheated in the suction, is connected with the flue gas inlet of flue gas air heat exchanger 7 through flue gas induced duct 52, and the exhanst gas outlet of flue gas air heat exchanger 7 gets into "discharge port" of next process as the flue gas. The flue gas regulating valve 51 is installed on a flue gas induced draft pipe 52 in front of the inlet of the flue gas induced draft fan 5 and used for automatically regulating the flow of flue gas. Preheating scrap steel passageway 3 and lieing in flue gas air separation wall 39 downside and being equipped with air draught fan 4 (connect and be close to the scrap steel passageway 3 tops of preheating of cold scrap steel workbin 1), an air for drawing the scrap steel space, be favorable to hot flue gas to scurry into the scrap steel gap, with the scrap steel in close contact with the heat transfer, the air of taking out is used for cooling off the flue gas at last and retrieves the flue gas waste heat, can also be used for combustion-supporting coal gas, be connected with the air inlet of flue gas air heat exchanger 7 through air induced duct 42 promptly, install air draught fan 4 on the air induced duct 42, air control valve 41 is installed on air induced duct 42 before air draught fan 4 entry, be used for automatically regulated air. The air regulating valve 41 and the smoke regulating valve 51 are matched with each other to automatically regulate, so that smoke and air are prevented from being blown by gas. The air outlet of the flue gas-air heat exchanger 7 is respectively connected with the secondary ventilation after-burning pipe 810 and the air inlet of the gas combustion chamber 9 through pipelines. The flue gas air heat exchanger (air preheater) 7 is arranged behind the flue gas induced draft fan 5 and the air induced draft fan 4, so that flue gas and air move reversely in the air preheater 7, the air is preheated, most residual heat of the flue gas is transferred to the air, and the hot air carries heat energy to enter the coal gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber 9, so that coal gas is saved.
As shown in fig. 1, after the bag-type dust collector 10 is installed in the air preheater 7, the dioxin adsorbing device 6 is arranged between the air preheater 7 and the bag-type dust collector 10, the dioxin adsorbing device 63 sprays and mixes the dioxin adsorbent into the flue gas, and a spark catcher is arranged at the inlet of the bag-type dust collector 10 to prevent the adsorbent (activated carbon or HOK brown coal powder) from burning and even exploding.
As shown in fig. 1a, the flue gas induced duct 52 is connected to the inlet of the low temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11 through the flue gas induced fan 5, and the low temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11 is arranged behind the flue gas induced fan 5, so that the flue gas slowly passes through a bundle of flame curtains which are burned in small strands, and harmful substances such as dioxin contained in the flue gas are ignited. The flue gas-air heat exchanger 7 is arranged behind the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11, and enables the heated flue gas to carry out heat convection with the air isolated pipeline.
As shown in fig. 1, a discharge port at the upper part of the preheating scrap steel channel 3 is communicated with a hot flue gas outlet 87 at the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin 8, so that the nose part of the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2 feeds the scrap steel into the heating scrap steel storage bin 8 through a scrap steel chute 81.
As shown in figures 6 and 7, the heating scrap storage bin 8 is a conical (small at the top and large at the bottom, and scrap swelling is prevented) volume body, the periphery of the heating scrap storage bin is reinforced by steel plates welded with channel steel, a layer of asbestos plate is adhered to the steel plates in the heating scrap storage bin, mullite heat-insulating bricks 88 are laid close to the asbestos plate, a layer of clay refractory bricks (high in strength, abrasion resistance and impact resistance) is laid close to the contact surface of the mullite heat-insulating bricks 88 and the scrap, and the mullite heat-insulating bricks 88 are completely laid at the upper part and the top part of the heating scrap storage bin. A scrap steel chute 81 is arranged at a hot flue gas outlet 87 positioned at the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin 8, a movable storage bin bracket bottom plate 82 capable of being opened is arranged at the bottom surface of the heating scrap steel storage bin 8, an arch-shaped high-temperature flue 85 is formed by an extension part of the bracket bottom plate 82, the scrap steel and the flue gas blocking wall 84 at the periphery of the bottom of the heating scrap steel storage bin 8, a high-temperature flue inlet 83 is arranged on the arch-shaped high-temperature flue 85 and is communicated with a gas combustion chamber 9, the gas combustion chamber 9 adopts controllable oxygen-deficient low-temperature combustion to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides as much as possible, and the high-; the gas in the gas combustion chamber 9 is supplied to the rest converter steelmaking gas, and the air is supplied to the hot air preheated by the flue gas-air heat exchanger 7. Or the flue gas introduced into the high-temperature flue 85 is from the high-temperature flue gas generated in the steel making of the electric furnace, and the gas combustion chamber 9 is not needed to be arranged separately, so that the cost is saved.
The main body of the movable storage bin bracket bottom plate 82 is a double-layer structure consisting of a bracket rigid supporting plate 823 positioned below and a bracket elastic supporting plate 826 positioned above, as shown in fig. 6a, one side of the bracket rigid supporting plate 823 is connected (hung) with a fixing lug welded on a steel plate of the containing body by a bracket lifting lug 821 by a shaft, the other corresponding side is connected and supported by 2 lifting cylinders 822 (the front part of the bracket rigid supporting plate 823 is hinged with the end part of a telescopic arm of the lifting cylinder 822, the end part of a cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 822 is hinged with a storage bin base 811), a plurality of springs 824 are arranged on the bracket rigid supporting plate 823, the bracket elastic supporting plate 826 is supported, and 2 vibrators 825 are inversely hung at proper positions on the bottom surface of the bracket elastic. The bracket rigid supporting plate 823 and the bracket elastic supporting plate 826 are both double-layer jacketed water-cooling structures, so that the steel plate is prevented from being deformed by heating and keeps elasticity.
The entire heated scrap bin 8 is located on a bin base 811. The upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin 8 is provided with a secondary ventilation after-burning pipe 810, the secondary ventilation after-burning pipe 810 supplements hot air after heating scrap steel, coal gas which is not completely burnt in a combustion chamber is combusted secondarily, the temperature of flue gas is increased again and enters the preheating scrap steel channel 3 to preheat the scrap steel. Furthermore, the hot air is carried by and sprayed with limestone powder, and the limestone powder is decomposed into lime powder and CO through heat absorption2The lime powder in the gas reacts with hydrogen chloride or chlorine in the flue gas (mainly from chlorine-containing organic materials such as PVC, paint and the like carried in the scrap steel) to generate calcium dichloride, so that the generation of toxic dioxin can be reduced.
When the scrap steel preheating equipment system is in specific operation, firstly, a mechanical gripper or an electromagnet is used for loading scrap steel (the steel entering a furnace in a general steel mill is pretreated, and the length is less than or equal to 600 mm) into a cold scrap steel box 1; the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 is started, the scrap steel is leveled by the material leveling device 101 and then is lifted to the position of the driving chain wheel 21, when the scrap steel lifting groove 29 on the chain plate 22 overturns along with the driving chain wheel 21, the scrap steel falls onto the scrap steel chute 81 and then enters the heating scrap steel storage bin 8, after the scrap steel falling onto the heating scrap steel storage bin 8 reaches the preset usage amount of one furnace of steel (volume converted weight and time relay converted volume timely monitoring), the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 stops, and the amount of the scrap steel staying on the wheel type chain plate conveyor is just equal to the next usage amount of the furnace of steel (the design length and the width of the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 and the height of the material leveling device 101, namely the thickness of the scrap steel layer can be adjusted).
Igniting the gas combustion chamber 9, controlling high-temperature flue gas (not only generating nitrogen oxides but also preventing waste steel, especially light thin-skin waste steel, closest to a flue gas inlet from collapsing and adhering) at about 1000-1200 ℃ by anoxic combustion, enabling the high-temperature flue gas to pass through a high-temperature flue gas inlet 83, enter a waste steel gap, closely contact and exchange heat with the penetrability of the waste steel from bottom to top until the high-temperature flue gas passes through a stacked waste steel layer, reducing the temperature of the flue gas to about 500-600 ℃, introducing preheated air into a secondary ventilation afterburning pipe 10 in the upper space of the waste steel layer, carrying and spraying limestone powder, and controlling the residual gas of the anoxic combustion in the gas low-nitrogen combustion chamber 9 toAfter the temperature of the flue gas is increased again, the flue gas is sucked into the space above the wheel type chain scraper conveyor 2 in the preheating scrap steel channel 3 through a hot flue gas outlet 87 by a flue gas induced draft fan 5. Limestone powder sprayed with air is decomposed into CaO + CO by heat absorption2(ii) a CaO powder and HCl and Cl in flue gas2(from chlorine-containing organic matter entrained in the scrap) and CaCl is formed by reaction2The generation of dioxin can be effectively reduced from the source.
The cotton piece 37 of heat preservation at top (flue gas passageway section) in preheating scrap steel passageway 3 is along with adjusting 36 height fluctuation in the flue gas flow direction, force the flue gas to form the whirlpool flow state, in being forced to wear into the scrap steel gap on wheeled chain trigger 2 upper portion, with scrap steel repeated penetrability in close contact with the heat transfer, (about 400 ℃, anticorrosive paint, grease, PVC section of jurisdiction rubbish etc. that the scrap steel surface carried, harmful substance such as the easy conversion generation part dioxin gets into low temperature flue gas), until reaching flue gas draught fan 5 entry, the flue gas temperature is less than 300 ℃, send this low temperature flue gas into air preheater 7, with the air heat exchange who comes to air draught fan 4, retrieve the flue gas waste heat.
The flue gas with lower temperature enters a dioxin adsorption device 6, the flue gas in the dioxin adsorption device 6 is fully contacted with the gaseous dioxin adsorbent mixed in the sprayed flue gas at first, the gaseous dioxin in the flue gas is adsorbed as much as possible by the adsorbent, then the flue gas and the adsorbent flow into a bag-type dust collector 10 together, and the adsorbent (adsorbing gaseous dioxin), solid dioxin and other dust in the flue gas are filtered together by the bag-type dust collector 10 and are reduced to be less than 20mg/m3Then the filtered smoke dust is solidified and the like for harmless treatment, so that the content of dioxin in the smoke gas can be reduced to 0.1mg/m3. Because the dioxin adsorbent is usually selected from active inflammable matters such as active carbon powder or HOK lignite powder, a spark catcher is required to be installed at the inlet of the bag-type dust collector 10 to strictly prevent the inflammable matters from being ignited and even exploding.
Or the low-temperature flue gas is sent into the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11, the volume of the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11 is several times of that of the flue gas induced duct, the flow rate is slowed down, the low-temperature flue gas passes through a flame curtain sprayed by small coal gas nozzles dispersed in the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber 11, harmful substances such as dioxin in the flue gas are ignited to eliminate the pollution of the low-temperature flue gas, the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas is moderately raised at the moment, and the flue gas with moderately raised temperature enters the flue gas air heat exchanger 7 (.
The flue gas in the flue gas air heat exchanger 7 transfers most sensible heat to the air, the air heated in the air preheater 7 is sent into the coal gas (low-nitrogen) combustion chamber 9 and the coal gas combustion and secondary ventilation afterburning pipe 10, and the coal gas fuel consumption can be saved under the condition of increasing the combustion temperature or meeting the same temperature requirement under the same coal gas consumption.
When the time for heating the scrap steel (less than the steel-making period) reaches the preset value, the temperature of the scrap steel to be used in a furnace in the scrap steel storage bin 8 is heated to reach the preset temperature (for example, 800 ℃, the combustion intensity of the gas combustion chamber 9 can be controlled to be realized), at the moment, the combustion intensity of the gas combustion chamber 9 can be automatically controlled to be properly weakened, simultaneously, the lifting oil cylinder 822 rotates and inclines to descend, the water-cooled scrap steel bracket bottom plate 82 inclines and descends along with the rotation of the oil cylinder (the bracket lifting lug 821 on the other side only rotates around the rotating shaft and does not move downwards), the vibrator 825 is started, the bracket elastic supporting plate 826 vibrates on the spring 824, the heated scrap steel can be completely and smoothly slid into the hot scrap steel groove and is timely conveyed into the converter before the converter, and then the molten iron is added.
After the hot scrap is emptied, the lifting cylinder 822 pushes the water-cooled scrap bracket bottom plate 82 to rotate and rise until the wall 84 is stopped (controlled by a cylinder limit switch) against the scrap and the smoke.
The combustion strength of the gas combustion chamber 9 is automatically recovered, the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 is automatically started at the same time, the waste steel with the preheated upper part falls into the heating waste steel storage bin 8, the preheated waste steel in the preheating waste steel channel 3 is closely contacted with the high-temperature flue gas to absorb heat and further raise the temperature, the cold waste steel lifted by the wheel type chain plate conveyor 2 again is continuously preheated by the medium-temperature flue gas, the process is repeatedly circulated, and the continuous, efficient, economical, pollution-free and high-temperature waste steel preheating is realized.
The utility model discloses the technique has following beneficial effect:
1. the waste steel is preheated in series, so that the waste steel is continuously preheated, the preheating time is doubled, and the waste steel preheating temperature can be greatly improved.
2. The high-medium-low three-level heat energy is utilized in a gradient way, and the heat energy utilization rate is high.
3. The characteristics of the light heat-insulating material (heat-insulating cotton block) are fully utilized, the weight of the equipment is reduced, and the heat loss of heat absorption and heat dissipation of the equipment is reduced.
4. The gas (low-nitrogen) combustion chamber utilizes oxygen-controlled combustion to meet the process temperature control requirement (collapse and adhesion prevention) and reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides.
5. CaCl is generated from white ash powder and chlorine gas2The generation of dioxin is reduced from the source, and then harmful substances such as gaseous and solid dioxin in the smoke are effectively removed by using a small amount of dioxin adsorbent and a bag-type dust collector, or the harmful substances such as dioxin are ignited by using low-temperature combustion supporting, so that the environment pollution is reduced.
In a word, the utility model discloses a to the series-parallel combination of equipment (cold scrap box 1, wheeled drag chain conveyor 2, preheat scrap passageway 3, air draught fan 4, flue gas draught fan 5, flue gas air heat exchanger 7, heat scrap steel warehouse 8, coal gas combustion chamber 9 (or high temperature flue gas recovery), dioxin adsorption equipment 6 and sack cleaner 10 (or low temperature combustion-supporting room 11)), form the heat energy of the different energy levels of rational utilization, heat, preheat scrap steel and preheat the air, both realize that heat energy high efficiency utilizes, the time of preheating the scrap steel of the extension one time again; various measures of forced smoke penetrability and scrap contact heat exchange are adopted, continuous, high-temperature and efficient scrap preheating in short interval time is realized, and the requirement of rapid (about 15 minutes) steelmaking of a modern converter is met. A low-nitrogen combustion technology, a technology for reducing dioxin generation due to the consumption of CaO and chlorine sources, a technology for strongly adsorbing gaseous dioxin by activated carbon, particularly HOK activated lignite, a technology for filtering and removing solid dioxin (or a technology for igniting dioxin) and the like are integrated in the process of preheating the waste steel, so that the pollution of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides, dioxin and the like to the environment is reduced in the process of preheating the waste steel at high efficiency and high temperature.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention are modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a scrap steel preheating equipment system which characterized in that: the device comprises a cold scrap box (1), a wheel type chain scraper conveyor (2), a preheating scrap channel (3), an air induced draft fan (4), a flue gas induced draft fan (5), a flue gas air heat exchanger (7) and a heating scrap storage bin (8);
the wheel type chain plate conveyor (2) is arranged in a preheating scrap steel channel (3) which is obliquely arranged, and a cold scrap steel box (1) is arranged at the bottom of the preheating scrap steel channel (3), namely above the tail part of the wheel type chain plate conveyor (2); a discharge hole in the upper part of the preheating scrap steel channel (3) is communicated with a hot flue gas outlet (87) in the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin (8), and then a machine head part of the wheel type chain plate conveyor (2) feeds a scrap steel material into the heating scrap steel storage bin (8) through a scrap steel chute (81); the bottom surface of the heating scrap steel storage bin (8) is a movable storage bin bracket bottom plate (82) which can be opened, the heating scrap steel storage bin (8) is positioned on a storage bin base (811), a secondary ventilation afterburning pipe (810) is arranged at the upper part of the heating scrap steel storage bin (8), and a high-temperature flue (85) is arranged at the bottom of the heating scrap steel storage bin;
a flue gas air separation wall (39) is arranged on a section of a certain position of the lower part of the preheating scrap steel channel (3), the preheating scrap steel channel (3) is positioned on the upper side of the flue gas air separation wall (39) and is connected with a flue gas inlet of a flue gas air heat exchanger (7) through a flue gas induced duct (52), and a flue gas induced draft fan (5) is installed on the flue gas induced duct (52); preheat and lie in flue gas air separation wall (39) downside on scrap steel passageway (3) and be connected through the air inlet of air induced duct (42) with flue gas air heat exchanger (7), install air draught fan (4) on air induced duct (42), the air outlet of flue gas air heat exchanger (7) passes through pipeline and secondary ventilation afterburning pipe (810) intercommunication.
2. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein: and a flue gas outlet of the flue gas-air heat exchanger (7) is sequentially connected with a dioxin adsorption device (6) and a bag-type dust collector (10).
3. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas induced duct (52) is connected with the flue gas air heat exchanger (7) through the low-temperature combustion-supporting chamber (11).
4. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: a smoke adjusting valve (51) is installed on the smoke induced duct (52), and an air adjusting valve (41) is installed on the air induced duct (42).
5. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the movable storage bin bracket bottom plate (82) comprises a bracket rigid supporting plate (823) located below and a bracket elastic supporting plate (826) located above, the bracket elastic supporting plate (826) is installed on the rigid supporting plate (823) through a spring (824), a vibrator (825) is installed on the inner bottom surface of the bracket elastic supporting plate (826), the root of the bracket rigid supporting plate (823) is hinged to a bracket lifting lug (821) located on the side wall of the heating scrap steel storage bin (8), the front portion of the bracket rigid supporting plate (823) is hinged to the end portion of a telescopic arm of a lifting oil cylinder (822), and the end portion of a cylinder body of the lifting oil cylinder (822) is hinged to a storage bin base (811).
6. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 5, wherein: the bracket rigid supporting plate (823) and the bracket elastic supporting plate (826) are both water-cooled brackets.
7. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein: and a forced material flattening device (101) used for limiting the scrap steel in a lifting groove (29) of the wheel type chain plate conveyor (2) is arranged at the outlet of the cold scrap steel box (1) on the preheating scrap steel channel (3).
8. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the inner top surface of the preheating scrap steel channel (3) is fluctuated.
9. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 2, wherein: and a spark catcher is arranged at the inlet of the bag-type dust collector (10).
10. The scrap preheating apparatus system according to claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature flue (85) is communicated with the gas combustion chamber (9) or comes from flue gas generated in the steel making of the electric furnace.
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| CN201920917376.7U CN210180183U (en) | 2019-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | Scrap steel preheating equipment system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111621612A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-04 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Converter tail gas waste heat dry distillation coal cracking gas preheating steelmaking system and steelmaking method |
| CN113512624A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-10-19 | 南京贤云机电科技有限公司 | Furnace-kiln-free scrap steel explosion-proof safe heating control device and method based on Internet of things |
| CN114054435A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 梁能火 | Steel pipe preheating device with dewatering and dedusting functions |
| CN116592655A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-08-15 | 江阴市盛龙冶金机械制造有限公司 | A method of preheating steel scrap by using flue gas |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111621612A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-04 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Converter tail gas waste heat dry distillation coal cracking gas preheating steelmaking system and steelmaking method |
| CN111621612B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2024-03-19 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Converter tail gas waste heat carbonization coal pyrolysis coal gas preheating steelmaking system and steelmaking method |
| CN113512624A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-10-19 | 南京贤云机电科技有限公司 | Furnace-kiln-free scrap steel explosion-proof safe heating control device and method based on Internet of things |
| CN113512624B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2021-11-19 | 南京贤云机电科技有限公司 | Furnace-kiln-free scrap steel explosion-proof safe heating control device and method based on Internet of things |
| CN114054435A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-18 | 梁能火 | Steel pipe preheating device with dewatering and dedusting functions |
| CN116592655A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-08-15 | 江阴市盛龙冶金机械制造有限公司 | A method of preheating steel scrap by using flue gas |
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