CN210156481U - Overvoltage protector for fuel cell - Google Patents
Overvoltage protector for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN210156481U CN210156481U CN201921304178.XU CN201921304178U CN210156481U CN 210156481 U CN210156481 U CN 210156481U CN 201921304178 U CN201921304178 U CN 201921304178U CN 210156481 U CN210156481 U CN 210156481U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an overvoltage protection device of a fuel cell, which comprises a normally open first electromagnetic valve, a pressure release valve, a first pressure detection module and a control module; the first pressure detection module is used for detecting a first pressure value of the anode side of the fuel cell and sending the first pressure value to the control module; the control module is used for judging whether the first pressure value meets a first set range or not, and if so, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be opened intermittently or to be kept in an open state; and if the first set range is exceeded, controlling the fuel cell to power off and stop, and controlling the pressure release valve to open. The utility model realizes the multi-stage control of the high voltage on the anode side of the fuel cell, and flexibly and effectively realizes the overvoltage protection on the anode side of the fuel cell; meanwhile, the requirement of the cathode and anode differential pressure balance of the fuel cell is met, and the working safety and stability of the fuel cell are further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a battery protection technical field, in particular to fuel cell's overvoltage protector.
Background
In the case of a fuel cell, such as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, chemical energy in a fuel (usually hydrogen or methanol) is directly converted into electric energy through an electrochemical reaction, which has the significant advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and no pollutant emission. Specifically, fuel gas and oxidizing gas are respectively introduced from the anode and the cathode of the membrane electrode of the fuel cell, the fuel gas separates electrons and ions from the anode, and the electrons are conducted to the cathode through an external circuit to form a loop to generate current; under the action of the electric field, the ions migrate to the cathode through the electrolyte, the electrons and the ions are combined and reacted with the oxidizing gas at the cathode side, and the reaction products are discharged from the cathode.
In practical applications, increasing the operating pressure of the cathode and anode of a fuel cell is one of the important means to increase the efficiency of the cell system. Considering that when the stack pressure is too high (anode side pressure) or the cathode-anode pressure difference is too large, the fuel cell (electric stack) can leak and even cause damage, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure of the anode side of the cell is higher than that of the cathode side; meanwhile, in order to protect the membrane electrode, the pressure difference of the anode and cathode fluids needs to be strictly controlled.
At present, especially for proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicles and ships, mainly solving the problem of over-high stack pressure, a pressure release valve is generally additionally arranged on the inlet side of an anode (hydrogen), the structure of the pressure release valve is a mechanical valve, namely, a certain fixed pressure is set, and when the pressure on the anode side reaches the fixed value, the pressure release valve is opened to realize pressure release protection. Such overvoltage protection has the disadvantages that: in order to realize the continuously improved operating pressure of the fuel cell stack, the type selection of the pressure release valve often meets the requirement of the highest operating pressure of the fuel cell stack, and only can realize the ultrahigh protection of the pressure of the single side of the anode, and the requirement of the differential pressure coupling of the cathode and the anode is not met.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide a fuel cell's overvoltage protector in order to overcome among the prior art fuel cell's overvoltage protection mode existence and only can realize positive pole unilateral pressure superelevation protection, and can not satisfy the defect of the requirement of negative and positive pole pressure differential coupling.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved through following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an overvoltage protection device of a fuel cell, which comprises a normally open first electromagnetic valve, a first pressure detection module and a control module;
the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure detection module are both arranged on an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the control module is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure detection module respectively;
wherein the first electromagnetic valve is in a closed state when the fuel cell is operating normally;
the first pressure detection module is used for detecting a first pressure value of the anode side of the fuel cell and sending the first pressure value to the control module;
the control module is used for judging whether the first pressure value meets a first set range or not, and if so, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be opened intermittently or to be kept in an open state; if the current exceeds the first set range, controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down;
wherein the first electromagnetic valve is in an open state when the fuel cell is shut down with power off.
Preferably, the overvoltage protection device further comprises an anode inlet control valve and an anode tail discharge control valve;
the anode air inlet control valve is arranged on an inlet branch of an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the anode tail discharge control valve is arranged on an outlet branch of an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
when the fuel cell normally operates, the anode air inlet control valve is opened, and the anode tail exhaust control valve is intermittently opened;
and when the first pressure value meets the first set range, the control module is used for controlling the anode tail discharge control valve to keep an open state or intermittently open.
Preferably, the overvoltage protection device further comprises a second pressure detection module;
the second pressure detection module is arranged on a cathode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the second pressure detection module is electrically connected with the control module;
the second pressure detection module is used for detecting a second pressure value of the cathode side of the fuel cell and sending the second pressure value to the control module;
the control module is used for calculating a difference value between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
when the difference value meets a second set range, the control module is used for controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be opened intermittently or kept in an open state, and/or controlling the anode tail discharge control valve to be kept in an open state or opened intermittently.
Preferably, the anode inlet control valve and the anode tail discharge control valve are both normally closed type electric control valves;
the overvoltage protection device also comprises a pressure relief valve;
the pressure relief valve is arranged at one end of the first electromagnetic valve, which is far away from the main anode pipeline of the fuel cell; when the fuel cell normally operates, the pressure relief valves are all in a closed state;
the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is the maximum value corresponding to the second set range;
when the difference value exceeds the second set range, the control module is used for controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down, and the pressure release valve is automatically opened;
when the fuel cell is powered off and shut down, the anode air inlet control valve and the anode tail exhaust control valve are both in a closed state.
Preferably, the first electromagnetic valve is provided at a front end or a rear end of the anode intake control valve.
Preferably, the fuel cell comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in:
in the utility model, the normally open first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the anode main pipeline of the fuel cell, and the pressure release valve is arranged at the rear end of the first electromagnetic valve, so that the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened or intermittently opened when the anode side voltage of the fuel cell meets a first set range; if the voltage exceeds the first set range, the power supply is cut off, the power supply is powered off, the shutdown processing is carried out, and the first electromagnetic valve is opened at the moment, so that the multi-stage control on the high voltage of the anode side of the fuel cell is realized, and the overvoltage protection on the anode side of the fuel cell is flexibly and effectively realized; meanwhile, when the cathode-anode differential pressure value of the fuel cell meets a second set range, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened; when the cathode and anode differential pressure value is within the second set range, the power supply is cut off, the shutdown is carried out, and the pressure release valve is automatically opened at the moment, so that the problem of cathode and anode differential pressure balance of the fuel cell under special working conditions is solved, and the working safety and stability of the fuel cell are further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an overvoltage protection device for a fuel cell according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an overvoltage protection device for a fuel cell according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the overvoltage protection device of the fuel cell of the present embodiment includes a first electromagnetic valve 1 of a normally open type, a first pressure detection module 2, and a control module 3.
The first electromagnetic valve 1 and the first pressure detection module 2 are both arranged on an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the control module 3 is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve 1 and the first pressure detection module 2 respectively.
Wherein, when the fuel cell normally operates, the first electromagnetic valve is in a closed state;
the first pressure detection module 2 is used for detecting a first pressure value of the anode side of the fuel cell and sending the first pressure value to the control module 3;
the control module 3 is used for judging whether the first pressure value meets a first set range or not, and if so, controlling the first electromagnetic valve 1 to be intermittently opened or kept in an open state; if the current exceeds the first set range, controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down;
when the fuel cell is powered off and stopped, the first electromagnetic valve is in an open state.
The control module 3 controls the first electromagnetic valve 1 to be opened intermittently by adjusting the switching frequency of the first electromagnetic valve 1.
In addition, when the first pressure value meets the first set range, the control module 3 is further configured to send out a fault alarm signal.
Fuel cells include, but are not limited to, proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
In this embodiment, the normally open first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the anode main pipe of the fuel cell, and the pressure release valve is arranged at the rear end of the first electromagnetic valve, so that the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened or intermittently opened when the anode side voltage of the fuel cell meets a first set range; if the voltage exceeds the first set range, the power supply is cut off, the power supply is powered off, the shutdown processing is carried out, and the first electromagnetic valve is opened at the moment, so that the multi-stage control on the high voltage of the anode side of the fuel cell is realized, the overvoltage protection on the anode side of the fuel cell is flexibly and effectively realized, and the working safety and stability of the fuel cell are improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the overvoltage protection device of the fuel cell of the present embodiment is a further modification of embodiment 1, specifically:
the overvoltage protection device also comprises an anode inlet control valve 4 and an anode tail discharge control valve 5.
Wherein, the anode inlet control valve and the anode tail discharge control valve are both normally closed electric control valves;
an anode inlet control valve 4 is provided in an inlet branch of an anode main line P1 of the fuel cell stack a, and an anode tail control valve 5 is provided in an outlet branch of an anode main line P1 of the fuel cell a.
When the fuel cell pile A normally operates, the anode inlet control valve 4 is opened, and the anode tail exhaust control valve 5 is intermittently opened.
When first pressure value satisfies first settlement scope, control module 3 is used for controlling positive pole tail row control valve 5 and keeps open mode or intermittent type and open, can open together with first solenoid valve 1, realizes better pressure release effect.
The overvoltage protection device also comprises a second pressure detection module 6;
the second pressure detection module 6 is arranged on the cathode main line P2 of the fuel cell;
the second pressure detection module 6 is electrically connected with the control module 3;
the second pressure detection module 6 is used for detecting a second pressure value of the cathode side of the fuel cell and sending the second pressure value to the control module 3;
the control module 3 is used for calculating the difference value between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
when the difference value meets a second set range, the control module 3 is used for controlling the first electromagnetic valve 1 to keep an open state or intermittently open, and/or controlling the anode tail discharge control valve 5 to keep an open state or intermittently open.
In addition, a cathode control valve is provided on the cathode main line of the fuel cell stack for controlling the admission of oxidizing gas (e.g., air) into the fuel cell.
The overvoltage protection device of the fuel cell further comprises a pressure release valve 7, and the pressure release valve 7 is a mechanical valve.
The pressure release valve 7 is arranged at one end of the first electromagnetic valve 1 far away from the main anode pipeline of the fuel cell, that is, the first electromagnetic valve 1 is arranged at the front end of the pressure release valve 7.
The first solenoid valve 1 and the pressure relief valve 7 can also be combined into one physical module as required.
Wherein, when the fuel cell normally operates, the relief valves 7 are all in a closed state.
The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve 7 is the maximum value corresponding to the second set range;
when the difference value exceeds a second set range, the control module 3 is used for controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down and controlling the pressure release valve 7 to be automatically opened;
when the fuel cell is powered off and stops, the anode air inlet control valve and the anode tail exhaust control valve are both in a closed state.
The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve 7 in the embodiment is consistent with the maximum pressure difference allowed by the stack module in the fuel cell, so that the requirement of the cathode-anode pressure difference of the fuel cell is met.
The first solenoid valve is provided at the front end or the rear end of the anode intake control valve.
The following is illustrated with reference to specific examples:
taking a 60KW PEM fuel cell as an example, the rated operating pressure of the anode side is 100kPa, and the allowable cathode-anode pressure difference of the fuel cell is up to 30kPa (the pressure of the anode side is higher than that of the cathode side). The fault limit is set as: the first set range is 100kPa to 110kPa, and the second set range is 30kPa to 40 kPa.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell normally works, the anode gas inlet control valve is opened (hydrogen is enabled to enter), and the anode tail discharge control valve is intermittently opened (generated impurities are intermittently discharged).
When the first pressure value of the anode side reaches 100-110 kPa or the cathode-anode pressure difference reaches 30-40 kPa, the load reduction is carried out by opening the first electromagnetic valve all the time or intermittently, opening the anode tail discharge control valve all the time or intermittently, releasing and adjusting the fluid pressure of the anode side, sending a fault alarm signal and the like.
When the anode operating pressure is greater than 110kPa, the fuel cell is in an ultrahigh pressure condition, emergency power-off stopping measures need to be taken, the power supply is cut off, the anode air inlet control valve and the anode tail exhaust control valve are both restored to a normally closed state due to power failure, and the anode side of the fuel cell is decompressed by means of the first electric valve being restored to an open state.
When the cathode and anode differential pressure is greater than 40kPa, the power supply also needs to be cut off, and the opening pressure of the pressure release valve is reached, so that the pressure release valve can be automatically opened to meet the cathode and anode differential pressure requirement of the fuel cell.
In the implementation, the normally open first electromagnetic valve is arranged on the anode main pipeline of the fuel cell, and the pressure release valve is arranged at the rear end of the first electromagnetic valve, so that the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened or intermittently opened when the voltage of the anode side of the fuel cell meets a first set range; if the voltage exceeds the first set range, the power supply is cut off, the power supply is powered off, the shutdown processing is carried out, and the first electromagnetic valve is opened at the moment, so that the multi-stage control on the high voltage of the anode side of the fuel cell is realized, and the overvoltage protection on the anode side of the fuel cell is flexibly and effectively realized; meanwhile, when the cathode-anode differential pressure value of the fuel cell meets a second set range, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be opened; when the cathode and anode differential pressure value is within the second set range, the power supply is cut off, the shutdown is carried out, and the pressure release valve is automatically opened at the moment, so that the problem of cathode and anode differential pressure balance of the fuel cell under special working conditions is solved, and the working safety and stability of the fuel cell are further improved.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principles of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The overvoltage protection device of the fuel cell is characterized by comprising a normally open first electromagnetic valve, a first pressure detection module and a control module;
the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure detection module are both arranged on an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the control module is electrically connected with the first electromagnetic valve and the first pressure detection module respectively;
when the fuel cell normally operates, the first electromagnetic valve is in a closed state;
the first pressure detection module is used for detecting a first pressure value of the anode side of the fuel cell and sending the first pressure value to the control module;
the control module is used for judging whether the first pressure value meets a first set range or not, and if so, controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be opened intermittently or to be kept in an open state; if the current exceeds the first set range, controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down;
wherein the first electromagnetic valve is in an open state when the fuel cell is shut down with power off.
2. The fuel cell overvoltage protection device of claim 1, further comprising an anode inlet control valve and an anode tail control valve;
the anode air inlet control valve is arranged on an inlet branch of an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the anode tail discharge control valve is arranged on an outlet branch of an anode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
when the fuel cell normally operates, the anode air inlet control valve is opened, and the anode tail exhaust control valve is intermittently opened;
and when the first pressure value meets the first set range, the control module is used for controlling the anode tail discharge control valve to keep an open state or intermittently open.
3. The fuel cell overvoltage protection device according to claim 2, further comprising a second pressure detection module;
the second pressure detection module is arranged on a cathode main pipeline of the fuel cell;
the second pressure detection module is electrically connected with the control module;
the second pressure detection module is used for detecting a second pressure value of the cathode side of the fuel cell and sending the second pressure value to the control module;
the control module is used for calculating a difference value between the first pressure value and the second pressure value;
when the difference value meets a second set range, the control module is used for controlling the first electromagnetic valve to be opened intermittently or kept in an open state, and/or controlling the anode tail discharge control valve to be kept in an open state or opened intermittently.
4. The fuel cell overvoltage protection device according to claim 3, wherein said anode gas inlet control valve and said anode tail gas outlet control valve are normally closed electrically controlled valves;
the overvoltage protection device also comprises a pressure relief valve;
the pressure relief valve is arranged at one end of the first electromagnetic valve, which is far away from the main anode pipeline of the fuel cell;
when the fuel cell normally operates, the pressure relief valves are all in a closed state;
the opening pressure of the pressure relief valve is the maximum value corresponding to the second set range;
when the difference value exceeds the second set range, the control module is used for controlling the fuel cell to be powered off and shut down, and the pressure release valve is automatically opened;
when the fuel cell is powered off and shut down, the anode air inlet control valve and the anode tail exhaust control valve are both in a closed state.
5. The fuel cell overvoltage protection device according to claim 2, wherein the first electromagnetic valve is provided at a front end or a rear end of the anode intake control valve.
6. The fuel cell overvoltage protection device of claim 1, wherein said fuel cell comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921304178.XU CN210156481U (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2019-08-12 | Overvoltage protector for fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921304178.XU CN210156481U (en) | 2019-08-12 | 2019-08-12 | Overvoltage protector for fuel cell |
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| CN210156481U true CN210156481U (en) | 2020-03-17 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110364754A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-22 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | The over-pressure safety device and control method of fuel cell |
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2019
- 2019-08-12 CN CN201921304178.XU patent/CN210156481U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110364754A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-22 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | The over-pressure safety device and control method of fuel cell |
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