CN210152744U - Cascade type diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system - Google Patents
Cascade type diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN210152744U CN210152744U CN201920646104.8U CN201920646104U CN210152744U CN 210152744 U CN210152744 U CN 210152744U CN 201920646104 U CN201920646104 U CN 201920646104U CN 210152744 U CN210152744 U CN 210152744U
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Y02B30/625—Absorption based systems combined with heat or power generation [CHP], e.g. trigeneration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system. The cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system comprises a host, a power generation system and a heating system, wherein the host generates flue gas, the power generation system comprises a flue gas heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator, a turbine generator set and a mixer, the flue gas heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas, and the heating system comprises a generator and a first condenser. According to the utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system can fully utilize the energy that the flue gas that the host computer produced carried, and first mixed working medium can regard as the cycle fluid, fully retrieves the energy that the flue gas carried, turns into the electric energy with the heat energy of retrieving, and cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system can also turn into the low temperature waste heat that can't turn into the electric energy hot water simultaneously to satisfy boats and ships heat supply demand, realize combined heat and power.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an engine technical field specifically relates to a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system.
Background
The current measures to be taken by using the waste heat discharged from an engine (such as a diesel engine) are to convert the energy of the exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine into the pressure of scavenging air by a turbocharger, so as to improve the fuel utilization rate of the diesel engine. Meanwhile, the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the diesel engine can be recovered through a boiler, and the boiler can generate saturated steam or saturated hot water of about 0.5MPa to meet the heat demand of heating oil and domestic water. Although a portion of the diesel exhaust waste heat is recovered, the low-grade exhaust gas and/or cooling water carries away most of the heat of the waste heat.
The thermal efficiency of the current diesel engine is generally 45-50%. The cooling water takes away heat by external heat exchange by about 20-25%. The heat carried away by the exhaust gas is about 25-30%. Currently, two-stroke low speed diesel engines have the highest efficiency of all thermal engines-close to 50%, but still have more than half of the fuel energy unutilized.
The exhaust afterheat recovering power generating technology for main engine belongs to the secondary heat energy utilizing technology, and can raise the fuel oil utilizing rate and lower installed power. Therefore, with the implementation of the ship Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) ship energy efficiency standard, the waste heat recovery can be used for power generation, so that the EEDI index of the ship can be reduced, the design requirement of the third stage of the EEDI index is met, and energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
At present, steam Rankine cycle power generation and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation are mainly used in the middle-low temperature exhaust waste heat recovery power generation mode in the industry, exhaust of a marine diesel engine is mostly a middle-low temperature heat source at 260-350 ℃, in the running process of a ship, along with the change of sea conditions, the running load of a main engine is changed, parameters of the exhaust are changed, and therefore an exhaust waste heat recovery system is easy to deviate from the design working condition. At present, ships divided abroad have a steam Rankine cycle power generation technology, and the technology has the following defects in ship exhaust waste heat recovery power generation:
(1) for a medium-low temperature heat source, water or organic matters are used as working media, water vapor or organic matter vapor is evaporated at a constant temperature, evaporation equipment is limited by node temperature difference, the temperature of exhaust gas cannot be reduced to a lower range, and waste heat cannot be fully recovered;
(2) when the operation load of the host deviates from the design working condition of the waste heat recovery power generation system, the waste heat recovery efficiency of the system is reduced, and the waste heat cannot be fully recovered;
(3) the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the system after waste heat recovery is low, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the medium-low temperature waste heat recovery is only 15% -25%, and the rest heat is discharged in the form of cooling water at 35-45 ℃ and cannot be recovered at all.
Therefore, there is a need for a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system to at least partially solve the problems of the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In the summary section a series of concepts in a simplified form is introduced, which will be described in further detail in the detailed description section. The inventive content does not imply any attempt to define the essential features and essential features of the claimed solution, nor is it implied to be intended to define the scope of the claimed solution.
In order to solve the above problem at least partially, according to the utility model discloses an aspect provides a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system, cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system includes:
a main machine, which generates flue gas;
a power generation system, the power generation system comprising:
the flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium;
the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger and is used for separating a second mixed working medium generated by heating the first mixed working medium from the first steam;
the turbine generator set is communicated with the gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and generates power by utilizing the first steam;
the mixer is respectively communicated with a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and an outlet of the turbine generator set and is used for mixing the second mixed working medium and the first steam with the reduced temperature and generating a third mixed working medium; and
a heating system, the heating system comprising:
the generator is communicated with the mixer and is used for exchanging heat between a fourth mixed working medium and the third mixed working medium so as to heat the fourth mixed working medium; and
and the first condenser is communicated with the generator and is used for liquefying the third mixed working medium with the reduced temperature into the first mixed working medium.
According to the utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system can make full use of the energy that the flue gas that the host computer (for example marine diesel engine) produced carried, remedies the not enough that exists among the known waste heat recovery system. The first mixed working medium can be used as a circulating working medium, the energy carried by the smoke is fully recovered, the recovered heat energy is converted into electric energy, and meanwhile, the cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system further comprises a cascade circulating system, so that the low-temperature waste heat which cannot be converted into the electric energy is converted into hot water, the heat supply requirement of the ship is met, and the cogeneration is realized.
Optionally, the power generation system further comprises a low-temperature regenerator, a hot side of the low-temperature regenerator is located between the mixer and the generator, and a cold side of the low-temperature regenerator is located between the first condenser and the flue gas heat exchanger.
Optionally, the power generation system further comprises a high-temperature regenerator, a hot side of the high-temperature regenerator is located between the gas-liquid separator and the mixer, and a cold side of the high-temperature regenerator is located between the low-temperature regenerator and the flue gas heat exchanger.
Optionally, the heating system further includes a second condenser, the second condenser is communicated with the generator, the second condenser is used for exchanging heat between first temperature liquid and second steam generated by heating the fourth mixed working medium, the second steam is liquefied into a fifth mixed working medium, the first temperature liquid absorbs energy of the second steam and generates second temperature liquid, and the temperature of the second temperature liquid is higher than that of the first temperature liquid.
Optionally, the first condenser is communicated with the second condenser, the first condenser is used for exchanging heat between the third mixed working medium with the reduced temperature and the fifth mixed working medium from the second condenser, and in the first condenser, the fifth mixed working medium is heated to generate the first steam.
Optionally, the heating system further includes an absorber storing the second mixed working medium, the absorber is communicated with the first condenser, the absorber is used for exchanging heat between the second mixed working medium and the first steam from the first condenser, and in the absorber, the first steam is liquefied to generate a sixth mixed working medium.
Optionally, the heating system further comprises a heat exchanger, in the generator, the fourth mixed working medium is heated to further generate the second mixed working medium, the heat exchanger is located between the absorber and the generator, and the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat between the sixth mixed working medium from the absorber and the second mixed working medium from the generator.
Optionally, a hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is in communication with the generator and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is in communication with the absorber.
Optionally, the first mixed working medium is ammonia water, the first steam is rich ammonia steam, the second mixed working medium is a poor ammonia solution, the third mixed working medium is an ammonia water base solution, and the fourth mixed working medium is an ammonia water solution with a first concentration.
Optionally, the second steam is rich ammonia saturated steam, the fifth mixed working medium is an ammonia water solution with a second concentration, and the sixth mixed working medium is rich ammonia base liquid.
Drawings
The following drawings of the present invention are used herein as part of the present invention for understanding the present invention. There are shown in the drawings embodiments of the invention and the description thereof for the purpose of illustrating the devices and principles of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: a host; 2: a flue gas heat exchanger;
3: a gas-liquid separator; 4: a turbine generator set;
5: a mixer; 6: a high temperature regenerator;
7: two-stage pressure regulating valves; 8: a low temperature regenerator;
9: a first working medium pump; 10: a first condenser;
11: an absorber; 12: a heat exchanger;
13: a throttle valve; 14: a second working medium pump;
15: a generator; 16: a second condenser;
17: and a third working medium pump.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the present invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It is apparent that the practice of the invention is not limited to the specific details known to those skilled in the art. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the preferred embodiments, however, the present invention can have other embodiments in addition to the detailed description, and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
It is to be understood that the terms "a," "an," and "the" as used herein are intended to describe specific embodiments only and are not to be taken as limiting the invention, which is intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. When the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting.
Ordinal words such as "first" and "second" are referred to in this application as labels only, and do not have any other meanings, such as a particular order, etc. Also, for example, the term "first component" does not itself imply the presence of "second component", and the term "second component" does not itself imply the presence of "first component".
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate representative embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The utility model provides a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system includes host computer 1, and host computer 1 can be the marine diesel engine, and the marine diesel engine can produce the flue gas in the course of the work. The flue gas carries a large amount of energy, so the waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of the cascade diesel engine also comprises a power generation system and a heating system. The power generation system can absorb the energy carried by the flue gas, and particularly, the power generation system can comprise a flue gas heat exchanger 2, a gas-liquid separator 3, a turbine generator set 4 and a mixer 5.
The flue gas heat exchanger 2 can be communicated with the main machine 1 and is used for exchanging heat between the first mixed working medium and flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium. The first mixed working medium can be ammonia water steam mixture with certain dryness, the first mixed working medium can at least comprise a mixture of two working media, in the embodiment, the first mixed working medium can be ammonia water, ammonia is a standard conventional chemical solvent, the first mixed working medium is widely applied to agriculture, refrigeration, power industry and the like, the first mixed working medium is properly treated, is a safe chemical preparation conforming to ecology, and the price of the ammonia water working medium is much lower than that of the organic working medium. Compared with the prior art in which water is used as a working medium, the steam for power generation can be generated under the condition of low temperature of flue gas, and the utilization rate of heat is further improved.
The flue gas heat exchanger 2 can be an evaporator, and ammonia water can be used as a circulating working medium of the flue gas heat exchanger 2. The flue gas heat exchanger 2 may comprise a hot side and a cold side, an inlet of the hot side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2 may be in fluid communication with an outlet of the exhaust pipe of the host 1, and an outlet of the hot side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2 is in fluid communication with an inlet of the exhaust pipe of the host 1. In this way, the flue gas can be made to enter into the region of the hot side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2, so that the flue gas acts as a heat source. Ammonia can enter the region of the cold side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2, so that ammonia acts as a cold source. The ammonia water can absorb the energy carried by the flue gas through the heat exchange element of the flue gas heat exchanger 2, and then a second mixed working medium and first steam are generated. The outlet of the cold side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2 may be in fluid communication with the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 or the inlet of the turbo-generator set 4.
The boiling point of the ammonia water is lower than 100 ℃, so that the ammonia water is easy to evaporate to form ammonia vapor after being heated, and the rest part is water containing a small amount of ammonia gas. In the following description, the first mixed working medium is ammonia water, the second mixed working medium is also ammonia-poor solution with less ammonia content, and the first steam is ammonia-rich steam. The ammonia concentration in the first steam (ammonia-rich steam) can be greater than the ammonia concentration in the first mixed working medium (ammonia water), and the ammonia concentration in the first mixed working medium (ammonia water) can be greater than the ammonia concentration in the second mixed working medium (ammonia-poor solution). In the present embodiment, the ammonia concentration refers to the mass concentration of ammonia.
The gas-liquid separator 3 is in fluid communication with the flue gas heat exchanger 2, and since the ammonia-poor solution and the ammonia-rich steam generated by heating the ammonia water are mixed together, the gas-liquid separator 3 can separate the gas and liquid of the mixture of the ammonia-poor solution and the ammonia-rich steam. The gas-phase ammonia water steam (namely, rich ammonia steam) can enter the turbine generator set 4 to do work through expansion so as to generate power, and the liquid-phase ammonia water mixture (namely, poor ammonia solution) can enter the mixer 5.
Thus, the utility model discloses a vapour and liquid separator 3 has an import and two exports (gas phase export and liquid phase export), and vapour and liquid separator 3's import can with the export fluid intercommunication of the cold side of gas and liquid heat exchanger 2 to make the mixture of the poor ammonia solution of export exhaust and rich ammonia steam of the cold side of gas and liquid heat exchanger 2 enter into vapour and liquid separator 3. The gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is in fluid communication with the turbo-generator set 4 so that the ammonia-rich vapor enters the turbo-generator set 4. The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is in fluid communication with the mixer 5 such that the ammonia-lean solution enters the mixer 5.
The inlet of the turbo-generator set 4 may be in fluid communication with the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 or the outlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 2, and the outlet of the turbo-generator set 4 is in fluid communication with the mixer 5. In this way, the turbo generator set 4 can generate electricity using the ammonia-rich steam.
The rich ammonia steam enters the turbine generator set 4 to be expanded to do work and further generate power. The turbine-generator set 4 may include a turbine and a generator, which may be directly connected together. Of course, the turbine and the generator may be connected by a gearbox. In order to ensure that the turbine, the generator and the gearbox operate more stably, the turbine, the gearbox and the generator may be mounted on the same base.
Specifically, the turbine of the turbine generator set 4 may be a high intake pressure turbine, and the turbine may be in the form of a radial turbine, a centrifugal turbine, a screw expander, or the like. The generator can select a high-speed generator or a low-speed generator according to the power grade and the rotating speed condition. If a high speed generator is used, the expander is directly coaxial with the generator or coupled via a coupling. If a low speed generator is used, a reduction gearbox may be used to connect the expander to the generator.
The mixer 5 comprises two inlets and one outlet, wherein one inlet of the mixer 5 is in fluid communication with the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 and the other inlet of the mixer 5 is in fluid communication with the outlet of the turbo-generator set 4. In this way, the mixer 5 can mix the ammonia-lean solution with the reduced-temperature ammonia-rich steam, so that the ammonia is dissolved in water, generating a third mixed working fluid. The outlet of the mixer 5 may be in fluid communication with a generator 15 of the heating system such that the third mixed refrigerant enters the generator 15. The third mixed working medium can be ammonia-based liquid, and the ammonia concentration in the third mixed working medium (ammonia-based liquid) can be the same as that in the first mixed working medium (ammonia water).
In fig. 1, for convenience of understanding, the power generation system working medium illustrated in the drawing includes a first mixed working medium (ammonia water), a first steam (ammonia-rich steam), a second mixed working medium (ammonia-poor solution), and a third mixed working medium (ammonia water base solution), and for simplicity of the drawing, the above-mentioned materials are all shown by straight line drawings.
Further, the power generation system further comprises a low temperature regenerator 8, the low temperature regenerator 8 being in fluid communication with the mixer 5. Low temperature regenerator 8 may include a hot side and a cold side, the hot side of low temperature regenerator 8 may be disposed between mixer 5 and generator 15, and a hot side inlet of low temperature regenerator 8 may be in fluid communication with an outlet of mixer 5 to enable aqueous ammonia base solution from mixer 5 to enter into a region of the hot side of low temperature regenerator 8. The hot side outlet of low temperature regenerator 8 may be in fluid communication with generator 15 and the ammonia base fluid from mixer 5 may release energy in low temperature regenerator 8 before entering generator 15.
The power generation system may further comprise a high temperature regenerator 6, and the high temperature regenerator 6 may be arranged downstream of the gas-liquid separator 3. The high temperature regenerator 6 comprises a hot side and a cold side, the hot side of the high temperature regenerator 6 is located between the gas-liquid separator 3 and the mixer 5, a hot side inlet of the high temperature regenerator 6 may be in fluid communication with a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, and the ammonia-lean solution from the gas-liquid separator 3 can enter into the hot side region of the high temperature regenerator 6. The hot side outlet of the high temperature regenerator 6 may be in fluid communication with the mixer 5 and the ammonia lean solution from the gas-liquid separator 3 may release energy in the high temperature regenerator 6 before entering the mixer 5.
In order to control the pressure of the ammonia-lean solution, the power generation system further comprises a two-stage pressure regulating valve 7, an inlet of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 7 may be in fluid communication with a hot side outlet of the high temperature regenerator 6, and an outlet of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 7 may be in fluid communication with an inlet of the mixer 5. In this way, the two-stage pressure regulating valve 7 can throttle and depressurize the ammonia-poor solution from the high-temperature regenerator 6, and regulate the high-pressure ammonia-poor solution into low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase ammonia water (for convenience of description, the second mixed working medium is still referred to as the ammonia-poor solution hereinafter). The pressure of the poor ammonia solution can be adjusted more sensitively by the two-stage pressure adjusting valve 7, the cavitation influence of the ammonia water flash evaporation in the two-stage pressure adjusting valve 7 on the valve body and the pipeline can be reduced, the vibration noise is reduced, and the operation stability of the system is improved. Of course, the inlet of the two-stage pressure regulating valve 7 may also be in fluid communication with the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, so that the ammonia-lean solution from the gas-liquid separator 3 may be directly regulated.
The heating system, which may further absorb energy from the ammonia-based liquid of the low-temperature regenerator 8, may include a first condenser 10 and the generator 15 described above.
And a generator 15 of the heating system is in fluid communication with the mixer 5 and is used for exchanging heat between the fourth mixed working medium and the ammonia water base solution (third mixed working medium) so as to heat the fourth mixed working medium. The fourth mixed working medium can be ammonia water solution with the first concentration, and the ammonia concentration in the fourth mixed working medium (the ammonia water solution with the first concentration) is higher than that in the third mixed working medium (ammonia water base solution). The temperature of the aqueous ammonia base solution may be higher than the temperature of the aqueous ammonia solution of the first concentration. That is, in the generator 15, the low-temperature fourth mixed working medium (the first-concentration ammonia solution) absorbs the energy carried by the high-temperature third mixed working medium (the ammonia-based solution). The first concentration aqueous ammonia solution may be stored in the generator 15 in advance.
Optionally, the fourth mixed working fluid may also be ammonia-water (NH3-H2O), or water-lithium chloride (LiCl-H2O), water-lithium iodide (LiI-H2O), water-lithium bromide (LiBr-H2O), ammonia-lithium nitrate (NH3-LiNO3), or ammonia-sodium thiocyanate (NH 3-NaSCN). Therefore, the device can adapt to various working conditions.
Generator 15 may include two inlets and three outlets, wherein one inlet of generator 15 is in fluid communication with the hot side outlet of low temperature regenerator 8 to allow the ammonia based fluid to enter generator 15. The ammonia solution of the first concentration can absorb the energy of the ammonia-based liquid from the low-temperature regenerator 8 in the generator 15. An outlet of the generator 15 is in fluid communication with the first condenser 10, and the ammonia-based liquid is cooled in the generator 15 and enters the first condenser 10.
The first condenser 10 is used to liquefy the reduced-temperature ammonia-based liquid from the generator 15 into ammonia (first mixed working medium). The first condenser 10 comprises a hot side and a cold side, and a hot side inlet of the first condenser 10 may be in fluid communication with an outlet of the generator 15, such that the ammonia base liquid from the generator 15 enters into the area of the hot side of the first condenser 10. Alternatively, in the first condenser 10, the state of the aqueous ammonia base liquid may be a gas-liquid two-phase. The ammonia-based liquid from the generator 15 can release energy in the first condenser 10 to condense into a liquid state to form ammonia. The hot side outlet of the first condenser 10 may be in fluid communication with the flue gas heat exchanger 2, and the ammonia water generated in the first condenser 10 enters the flue gas heat exchanger 2 for recycling.
Alternatively, the outlet of the mixer 5 may also be in fluid communication with the first condenser 10, such that the ammonia-based liquid from the mixer 5 may be caused to release energy in the first condenser 10 to form ammonia. At this time, the ammonia water in the first condenser 10 may be a low-temperature solution.
In order to further control the pressure of the ammonia exiting from the first condenser 10, a first working fluid pump 9 is arranged downstream of the first condenser 10, an inlet of the first working fluid pump 9 may be in fluid communication with an outlet of the first condenser 10, and an outlet of the first working fluid pump 9 may be in fluid communication with the low temperature regenerator 8 or the high temperature regenerator 6 or the cold side inlet of the flue gas heat exchanger 2. Optionally, the first working medium pump 9 may be an ammonia water working medium pump to perform pressurization adjustment on the ammonia water from the first condenser 10, so as to meet the requirements of heat exchange, turboexpansion work and the like of the ammonia water in the subsequent working conditions.
Further, the cold side of the low temperature regenerator 8 is located between the first condenser 10 and the flue gas heat exchanger 2. Specifically, a cold side inlet of the low-temperature regenerator 8 is in fluid communication with an outlet of the first working medium pump 9, the ammonia water from the first working medium pump 9 enters a region of a cold side of the low-temperature regenerator 8, and the ammonia water from the first working medium pump 9 can exchange heat with the ammonia water base liquid of a hot side of the low-temperature regenerator 8.
Still further, the cold side of the high temperature regenerator 6 may be located between the low temperature regenerator 8 and the flue gas heat exchanger 2. The cold side inlet of the high temperature regenerator 6 may be in fluid communication with the cold side outlet of the low temperature regenerator 8, the ammonia from the low temperature regenerator 8 may enter the region of the cold side of the high temperature regenerator 6, and the ammonia from the low temperature regenerator 8 may exchange heat with the lean ammonia solution of the hot side of the high temperature regenerator 6. The outlet of the cold side of the high-temperature heat regenerator 6 can be in fluid communication with the inlet of the cold side of the flue gas heat exchanger 2, so that ammonia water enters the flue gas heat exchanger 2, the ammonia water is recycled in a power generation system and a heating system, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
According to the utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system can make full use of the energy that the flue gas that host computer 1 (for example marine diesel engine) produced carried, remedies the not enough that exists among the known waste heat recovery system. The first mixed working medium can be used as a circulating working medium, the energy carried by the flue gas is fully recovered, the recovered heat energy is converted into electric energy, and meanwhile, the cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system further comprises a cascade circulating system, so that the low-temperature waste heat which cannot be converted into electric energy is converted into hot water at 70-90 ℃, the heat supply requirement of the ship is met, and cogeneration is realized.
The heating system can further comprise a second condenser 16, the second condenser 16 is communicated with the generator 15, the second condenser 16 is used for carrying out heat exchange on first temperature liquid and second steam generated by heating the first concentration ammonia water solution (fourth mixed working medium), the second steam is liquefied into a fifth mixed working medium, the first temperature liquid absorbs energy of the second steam and generates second temperature liquid, and the temperature of the second temperature liquid is higher than that of the first temperature liquid.
Optionally, the second steam is rich ammonia saturated steam, the fifth mixed working medium is a second-concentration ammonia water solution, and the ammonia concentration in the fifth mixed working medium (the second-concentration ammonia water solution) may be the same as the ammonia concentration in the second steam (rich ammonia saturated steam). The ammonia concentration in the fifth mixed working medium (the second-concentration ammonia water solution) can be greater than the ammonia concentration in the fourth mixed working medium (the first-concentration ammonia water solution). The first temperature liquid may be hot return water. The temperature of the second temperature liquid is higher than the temperature of the return water of the hot water, and the second temperature liquid can be hot water for supplying, for example, the temperature of the second temperature liquid can be 70-90 ℃ hot water so as to meet the heat supply requirement of the ship.
In the generator 15, the first concentration ammonia water solution is heated to separate a certain flow of ammonia water vapor and perform gas-liquid separation at the outlet of the generator 15, the separated ammonia-rich saturated vapor can enter the second condenser 16, and the first concentration ammonia water solution that is not evaporated in the generator 15 can be generated into a lean ammonia solution.
The second condenser 16 may comprise a hot side and a cold side, and a hot side inlet of the second condenser 16 may be in fluid communication with the generator 15, and ammonia-rich saturated steam from the generator 15 may enter into a region of the hot side of the second condenser 16. The hot backwater, which may enter the region of the cold side of the second condenser 16, may absorb the energy of the ammonia-rich saturated steam, thereby warming the hot backwater and further meeting the heat supply requirements of the vessel.
The ammonia-rich saturated vapor releases energy in the second condenser 16 and is condensed into saturated vapor or a second concentration aqueous ammonia solution. The hot side outlet of the second condenser 16 may be in fluid communication with the cold side inlet of the first condenser 10. The first condenser 10 is used to exchange heat between the reduced-temperature aqueous ammonia base liquid (third mixed working medium) and the aqueous ammonia solution of the second concentration (fifth mixed working medium) from the second condenser 16, so that the aqueous ammonia solution of the second concentration from the second condenser 16 can enter the cold-side region of the first condenser 10. In the first condenser 10, the ammonia water base liquid on the hot side of the first condenser 10 may exchange heat with the ammonia water solution of the second concentration on the cold side, the ammonia water solution of the second concentration may absorb energy of the ammonia water base liquid and generate ammonia-rich vapor, and the ammonia water base liquid may be condensed into a liquid state. At this time, the ammonia concentration in the ammonia-rich vapor generated by the first condenser 10 may be the same as the ammonia concentration in the second-concentration aqueous ammonia solution.
In order to further control the pressure of the second concentration aqueous ammonia solution discharged from second condenser 16, a third working fluid pump 17 is provided downstream of second condenser 16. The inlet of the third working medium pump 17 may be in fluid communication with the hot side outlet of the second condenser 16, so that the third working medium pump 17 may pressurize the second concentration ammonia solution discharged from the second condenser 16. The outlet of the third working medium pump 17 may be in fluid communication with the cold side inlet of the first condenser 10 to deliver the pressure-regulated second concentration aqueous ammonia solution into the first condenser 10.
Further, the heating system further includes an absorber 11, and the absorber 11 may store a lean ammonia solution (second mixed working medium). An absorber 11 may be in communication with first condenser 10, absorber 11 being configured to exchange heat between the ammonia-lean solution and the first vapor (ammonia-rich vapor) from first condenser 10, which may be liquefied to produce a sixth mixed working fluid.
Specifically, the generator 15 may be in fluid communication with the absorber 11, the first concentration aqueous ammonia solution may be heated in the generator 15 to generate a lean ammonia solution, and the lean ammonia solution from the generator 15 may enter the absorber 11 to improve the utilization rate of the lean ammonia solution. Of course, the absorber 11 may also store the lean ammonia solution in advance, and the pre-stored lean ammonia solution in the absorber 11 may be directly used, thereby improving efficiency.
The absorber 11 may comprise three inlets and two outlets, a first of the three inlets may be in fluid communication with the cold side outlet of the first condenser 10. The absorber 11 may be under high pressure conditions and the ammonia-lean solution from the generator 15 may absorb the ammonia-rich vapor from the first condenser 10.
A second inlet of the three inlets of the absorber 11 may be in fluid communication with the cold side outlet of the second condenser 16, and the hot backwater may absorb energy in the second condenser 16 and generate a lower temperature hot backwater. A return of hot water at a lower temperature may enter the absorber 11 through a second inlet of the absorber 11. The lean ammonia solution absorbs energy in the absorber 11 and generates a concentrated ammonia solution, and the concentrated ammonia solution can be cooled by hot return water at a lower temperature so as to further promote absorption and condensation. The hot water backwater with lower temperature can absorb the energy released in the ammonia-rich vapor absorption process, thereby realizing the conversion from lower grade energy to higher grade energy. One of the two outlets of the absorber 11 may be in fluid communication with a hot water user side for supplying hot water.
In fig. 1, for the sake of easy understanding, the hot water working medium illustrated in the drawings includes a first temperature liquid (hot water return), a lower temperature hot water return, and a second temperature liquid (hot water supply), and the above-described respective substances are shown by dashed-dotted line drawings for the sake of simplicity of the drawings.
The ammonia-rich steam from the first condenser 10 releases energy and then is liquefied to generate a sixth mixed working medium. The sixth mixed working medium can be an amino-rich liquid. In fig. 1, for convenience of understanding, the heating system working medium illustrated in the drawing includes a fourth mixed working medium (a first-concentration ammonia water solution), a second steam (an ammonia-rich saturated steam), a fifth mixed working medium (a second-concentration ammonia water solution), and a sixth mixed working medium (an ammonia-rich liquid), and for simplicity of the drawing, the above-mentioned substances are shown by dashed drawings.
Furthermore, in order to improve the cycle utilization rate of the heating system, the heating system further comprises a heat exchanger 12, the heat exchanger 12 is located between the absorber 11 and the generator 15, and the heat exchanger 12 is used for exchanging heat between the ammonia-rich liquid from the absorber 11 and the ammonia-lean solution from the generator 15.
The heat exchanger 12 can recover energy of high-concentration and high-temperature ammonia water. The heat exchanger 12 comprises a hot side and a cold side, a hot side inlet of the heat exchanger 12 is in fluid communication with another outlet of the absorber 11, and the amino-rich liquid from the absorber 11 can enter into the area of the hot side of the heat exchanger 12. The hot side outlet of the heat exchanger 12 may be in fluid communication with a generator 15.
The cold side inlet of heat exchanger 12 may be in fluid communication with an outlet of generator 15, and the ammonia-lean solution from generator 15 may enter the region of the cold side of heat exchanger 12. The cold side outlet of the heat exchanger 12 may be in fluid communication with a third of the three inlets of the absorber 11.
To further control the pressure of the ammonia-lean solution exiting generator 15, a second working fluid pump 14 is also provided upstream of the cold side inlet of heat exchanger 12. The ammonia-lean solution at the bottom of generator 15 may be pressurized into heat exchanger 12 via second working medium pump 14. In heat exchanger 12 the ammonia-lean solution from second working medium pump 14 is able to absorb energy from the ammonia-rich liquid from absorber 11. The ammonia-lean solution from the heat exchanger 12 enters the absorber 11, and is subjected to dual functions of cooling and spraying in the absorber 11, the ammonia-lean solution can absorb the energy of the ammonia-rich vapor from the first condenser 10, and the ammonia-rich vapor releases the energy and generates the ammonia-rich liquid.
In heat exchanger 12, the ammonia-lean solution from generator 15 may be heat exchanged with the amino-rich liquid from absorber 11. In the heat exchanger 12, the lean ammonia solution absorbs the energy of the rich ammonia solution and then enters the absorber 11, so that the lean ammonia solution can be recycled. In the heat exchanger 12, the rich amino liquid can release energy to enter the generator 15, so that the heating ammonia water base liquid can be recycled. The rich ammonia base solution can generate a first concentration ammonia solution after releasing energy in the heat exchanger 12. The ammonia concentration in the sixth mixed working medium (ammonia-rich liquid) can be less than the ammonia concentration in the fourth mixed working medium (ammonia water solution with the first concentration).
To sum up, the ammonia concentration in the first steam (ammonia-rich steam) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the first mixed working medium (ammonia water), the ammonia concentration in the first mixed working medium (ammonia water) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the third mixed working medium (ammonia water base liquid), the ammonia concentration in the third mixed working medium (ammonia water base liquid) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the second mixed working medium (ammonia-poor solution), the ammonia concentration in the fifth mixed working medium (second-concentration ammonia water solution) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the second steam (ammonia-rich saturated steam), the ammonia concentration in the second steam (ammonia-rich saturated steam) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the fourth mixed working medium (first-concentration ammonia water solution), and the ammonia concentration in the fourth mixed working medium (first-concentration ammonia water solution) is greater than the ammonia concentration in the sixth mixed working medium (ammonia-rich liquid).
The inlet of second working medium pump 14 may be connected to an outlet of generator 15, so that second working medium pump 14 may perform pressure regulation on the ammonia-lean solution discharged from generator 15. The outlet of second working medium pump 14 may be in fluid communication with the cold side inlet of heat exchanger 12 to allow the pressure-regulated ammonia-lean solution to enter heat exchanger 12.
In order to further control the pressure of the first concentration aqueous ammonia solution discharged from the heat exchanger 12, a throttle valve 13 is further provided downstream of the hot-side outlet of the heat exchanger 12. The inlet of the throttle valve 13 may be in fluid communication with the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger 12, and the throttle valve 13 may perform pressure reduction adjustment of the high-pressure high-temperature first concentration aqueous ammonia solution from the heat exchanger 12. The outlet of the throttle valve 13 may be in fluid communication with an inlet of the generator 15 so that the depressurized first concentration of aqueous ammonia solution enters the generator 15. In the generator 15, the first concentration aqueous ammonia solution after depressurization can be evaporated under a lower temperature condition.
The utility model provides a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system for boats and ships. The cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system comprises a power generation system and a heating system, wherein the power generation system can realize the sufficient matching of a circulating working medium and a heat source, can sufficiently recover the waste heat of a low-temperature section, and can realize the matching with the heat sources with different temperatures by adjusting the mixing degree of the circulating working medium when the system operates under a non-design working condition so as to improve the operating thermal efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, the power generation system also takes the smoke discharged by the diesel engine (host) as a driving heat source, converts heat energy into electric energy and hot water, recovers low-grade heat, and converts hot water return water into hot water supply to realize cogeneration.
The utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system is based on the aqueous ammonia circulation, like this, can realize the high recovery efficiency to the boats and ships host computer waste heat to compact structure, operation are reliable.
The utility model discloses a power generation system and heating system can also not move simultaneously. When the turbine generator set generates electricity, the heating system can be operated or stopped. When the heating system produces hot water, the turbine generator set can be operated and can be stopped.
The utility model discloses a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system still has following advantage:
(1) in the power generation system, compared with water and organic working media, the heat absorption evaporation process of the ammonia water mixture working medium in the ammonia water circulating system in the heat exchange process of the heat source is a temperature changing process, so that the heat release process of the heat source can be better matched with the heat absorption process curve of the mixed working medium, the irreversible loss in the heat release process is reduced to the maximum extent, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved.
(2) In the power generation system, compared with water, the boiling point of ammonia is far lower than that of water, and the ammonia can be in a gasification state at a lower temperature, so that the ammonia water circulation power generation technology has obvious advantages in medium-low temperature heat source utilization.
(3) In the power generation system, aiming at different exhaust heat sources, the system can be optimized to be matched with the heat sources by adjusting the mixing proportion of ammonia water in the design process, and the circulation has higher efficiency in theory.
(4) In the power generation system, the host machine operates under different loads due to the change of sea conditions in the operation process of the ship, and the waste heat recovery system also operates under a non-design working condition.
(5) In the heating system, ammonia water is used as a working medium, an ammonia water working medium at the outlet of the hot side of the low-temperature heat regenerator is used as a heat source of the heating system, evaporation is realized in a generator, a first condenser in the power generation system is used as an evaporator of the system, and the heat which needs to be discharged in the power generation system is recovered by utilizing the characteristic of low evaporation temperature of the ammonia water. Thus, the heat can be fully recovered, and the low-temperature heat can be converted into hot water at 60-90 ℃.
(6) Ammonia is a standard conventional chemical solvent, is widely applied to agriculture, refrigeration, power industry and the like, is properly treated, is a safe chemical preparation conforming to ecology, and the price of an ammonia water working medium is much lower than that of an organic working medium.
The utility model provides an overlapping formula diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system can be arranged in retrieving boats and ships low temperature waste heat to turn into electric energy and hot water with heat energy, satisfy boats and ships electric wire netting power generation quality requirement and hot water requirement. The utility model discloses a power generation system can realize the abundant matching of cycle fluid and heat source, can fully retrieve the waste heat of low temperature section, and the system when the off-design operating mode moves, can realize the matching with different temperature heat sources through the mixed degree of adjustment cycle fluid to improve the operation thermal efficiency of system. Meanwhile, smoke discharged by the diesel engine is used as a driving heat source, low-grade heat in a condenser of the power generation system is recovered and converted into hot water, and cogeneration is achieved.
Unless defined otherwise, technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Terms such as "part," "member," and the like, when used herein, can refer to either a single part or a combination of parts. Terms such as "mounted," "disposed," and the like, as used herein, may refer to one component as being directly attached to another component or one component as being attached to another component through intervening components. Features described herein in one embodiment may be applied to another embodiment, either alone or in combination with other features, unless the feature is otherwise inapplicable or otherwise stated in the other embodiment.
The present invention has been described in terms of the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that the above embodiments are for purposes of illustration and description only and are not intended to limit the invention to the described embodiments. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that many more modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system which characterized in that, cascade diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system includes:
a main machine, which generates flue gas;
a power generation system, the power generation system comprising:
the flue gas heat exchanger is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium;
the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the flue gas heat exchanger and is used for separating a second mixed working medium generated by heating the first mixed working medium from the first steam;
the turbine generator set is communicated with the gas-phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and generates power by utilizing the first steam;
the mixer is respectively communicated with a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and an outlet of the turbine generator set and is used for mixing the second mixed working medium and the first steam with the reduced temperature and generating a third mixed working medium; and
a heating system, the heating system comprising:
the generator is communicated with the mixer and is used for exchanging heat between a fourth mixed working medium and the third mixed working medium so as to heat the fourth mixed working medium; and
and the first condenser is communicated with the generator and is used for liquefying the third mixed working medium with the reduced temperature into the first mixed working medium.
2. The cascaded diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a low temperature regenerator, a hot side of the low temperature regenerator being located between the mixer and the generator, and a cold side of the low temperature regenerator being located between the first condenser and the flue gas heat exchanger.
3. The cascaded diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of claim 2, further comprising a high temperature regenerator, a hot side of the high temperature regenerator being located between the gas-liquid separator and the mixer, and a cold side of the high temperature regenerator being located between the low temperature regenerator and the flue gas heat exchanger.
4. The waste heat recovery cogeneration system of a cascade diesel engine of claim 1, further comprising a second condenser, wherein the second condenser is communicated with the generator, the second condenser is used for exchanging heat between a first temperature liquid and a second steam generated by heating the fourth mixed working medium, the second steam is liquefied into a fifth mixed working medium, the first temperature liquid absorbs energy of the second steam and generates a second temperature liquid, and the temperature of the second temperature liquid is higher than that of the first temperature liquid.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein said first condenser is in communication with said second condenser, said first condenser being adapted to exchange heat between said reduced temperature third mixed fluid and said fifth mixed fluid from said second condenser, wherein said fifth mixed fluid is heated in said first condenser to produce said first steam.
6. The system according to claim 5, further comprising an absorber storing said second mixed working fluid, said absorber being in communication with said first condenser, said absorber being adapted to exchange heat between said second mixed working fluid and said first vapor from said first condenser, wherein said first vapor is liquefied in said absorber to produce a sixth mixed working fluid.
7. The system according to claim 6, further comprising a heat exchanger in said generator for heating said fourth mixed working fluid and generating said second mixed working fluid, said heat exchanger being located between said absorber and said generator for exchanging heat between said sixth mixed working fluid from said absorber and said second mixed working fluid from said generator.
8. The cascaded diesel engine waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of claim 7, wherein a hot side outlet of the heat exchanger is in communication with the generator and a cold side outlet of the heat exchanger is in communication with the absorber.
9. The waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of the cascade diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein the first mixed working medium is ammonia water, the first steam is rich ammonia steam, the second mixed working medium is poor ammonia solution, the third mixed working medium is ammonia water base solution, and the fourth mixed working medium is first concentration ammonia water solution.
10. The waste heat recovery combined heat and power generation system of the cascade diesel engine according to claim 7, wherein the second steam is saturated steam rich in ammonia, the fifth mixed working medium is an ammonia water solution with a second concentration, and the sixth mixed working medium is an ammonia base rich solution.
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| CN111852600A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-10-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 | Cascade type diesel engine waste heat recovery cogeneration system |
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Address after: 201108 Shanghai city Minhang District Huaning Road No. 3111 Patentee after: The 711 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Corp. Patentee after: SHANGHAI QIYAO HEAVY INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. Address before: 201108 Shanghai city Minhang District Huaning Road No. 3111 Patentee before: Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute Patentee before: SHANGHAI QIYAO HEAVY INDUSTRY CO.,LTD. |
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