CN111852599A - Ship waste heat recovery power generation system - Google Patents
Ship waste heat recovery power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111852599A CN111852599A CN201910363910.9A CN201910363910A CN111852599A CN 111852599 A CN111852599 A CN 111852599A CN 201910363910 A CN201910363910 A CN 201910363910A CN 111852599 A CN111852599 A CN 111852599A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical group [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/04—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of steam and gas; Plants generating or heating steam by bringing water or steam into direct contact with hot gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2260/00—Recuperating heat from exhaust gases of combustion engines and heat from cooling circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a ship waste heat recovery power generation system. The system comprises: the main machine generates flue gas; the first heat exchange device is communicated with the main machine; the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the first heat exchange device; the expander generator set is communicated with the steam outlet of the gas-liquid separation device and is used for generating power by utilizing the steam; the first mixing device is used for mixing the second mixed working medium and the steam with the reduced temperature; the first condensing device is communicated with the first mixing device and is used for liquefying the mixed second mixed working medium and steam into a first mixed working medium; the first mixed working medium is a mixture at least comprising two working media, wherein the boiling point of at least one working medium is lower than 100 ℃, and steam is formed by evaporation of the working medium with the lowest boiling point in the first mixed working medium. Compared with the prior art in which water is used as a working medium, the steam for power generation can be generated under the condition of low temperature of flue gas, and the utilization rate of heat is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ship power generation, in particular to a ship waste heat recovery power generation system.
Background
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) establishes two ship energy efficiency standards, the "ship energy efficiency design index" (EEDI) and the "ship energy efficiency management plan" (SEEMP). This is the first mandatory legal document specifically for international maritime greenhouse gas emission reduction and has been implemented in 2013, 1 month and 1 day on international vessels sailing at 400 total tons and above with keels.
The thermal efficiency of the current diesel engine is generally 45-50%. The cooling water takes away heat by external heat exchange by about 20-25%. The heat carried away by the exhaust gas is about 25-30%. Currently, two-stroke low speed diesel engines have the highest efficiency of all thermal engines-close to 50%, but still have more than half of the fuel energy unutilized.
The exhaust afterheat recovering power generating technology for main engine belongs to the secondary heat energy utilizing technology, and can raise the fuel oil utilizing rate and lower installed power. Therefore, the technology of generating power by using the exhaust waste heat of the marine main engine is an important technical direction for reducing CO2 emission and EEDI. At present, steam Rankine cycle power generation and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation are mainly used in the middle-low temperature exhaust waste heat recovery power generation mode in the industry, and different modes are applied to different fields and different occasions according to the cycle characteristics of the power generation modes. The exhaust gas of the marine diesel engine is mostly low-temperature heat sources at 260-350 ℃, and the operating load of the main engine and the exhaust parameters of the marine diesel engine change along with the change of sea conditions in the operation process of the marine diesel engine, so that the exhaust gas waste heat recovery system is easy to deviate from the design working condition. At present, ships divided abroad have a steam Rankine cycle power generation technology, and the technology has the following defects in ship exhaust waste heat recovery power generation:
(1) For a medium-low temperature heat source, water or organic matters are used as working media, water vapor or organic matter vapor is evaporated at a constant temperature, evaporation equipment is limited by node temperature difference, the temperature of exhaust gas cannot be reduced to a lower range, and waste heat cannot be fully recovered;
(2) when the operation load of the main engine deviates from the design working condition of the ship waste heat recovery power generation system, the efficiency of system waste heat recovery is reduced, and waste heat cannot be fully recovered.
Aiming at the defects existing in the ship main engine waste heat recovery, the ship waste heat recovery power generation system which can recover the middle and low temperature heat sources and has higher system waste heat recovery efficiency is provided, and the technical problem to be solved is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to at least partially solve the above problems, the present invention provides a ship waste heat recovery power generation system, including:
a main machine, which generates flue gas;
the first heat exchange device is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium;
the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the first heat exchange device and is used for separating a second mixed working medium generated by heating the first mixed working medium from steam;
The expander generator set is communicated with the steam outlet of the gas-liquid separation device and is used for generating power by utilizing the steam;
the first mixing device is respectively communicated with a mixed working medium outlet of the gas-liquid separation device and an outlet of the expander generator set and is used for mixing the second mixed working medium with the steam with the reduced temperature;
the first condensing device is communicated with the first mixing device and is used for liquefying the mixed second mixed working medium and the steam into a first mixed working medium;
the first mixed working medium is a mixture at least comprising two working media, wherein the boiling point of at least one of the working media is lower than 100 ℃;
the second mixed working medium is a mixture obtained after the working medium part with the lowest boiling point in the first mixed working medium is evaporated into steam, and the steam is formed by evaporating the working medium with the lowest boiling point in the first mixed working medium.
Therefore, compared with the prior art in which water is used as a working medium, the steam for power generation can be generated under the condition of low temperature of flue gas, and the utilization rate of heat is further improved.
In this embodiment, the first mixed working medium is ammonia water, the second mixed working medium is a mixed solution formed after the first mixed working medium is evaporated, and the steam includes ammonia steam.
In the embodiment, the first mixed working medium comprises at least one of refrigerants R401A, R402B, R405A, R407C and R409A.
In this embodiment, a first condensing device is disposed between the first mixing device and the first heat exchanging device, and the first condensing device condenses the steam using an external cooling source.
In this embodiment, the heat exchanger further comprises a second heat exchanger, a hot side of the second heat exchanger is located between the first mixing device and the first condensing device, and a cold side of the second heat exchanger is located between the first heat exchanger and the first condensing device.
In this embodiment, the gas-liquid separator further comprises a third heat exchange device, a hot side of the third heat exchange device is located between the gas-liquid separator and the first mixing device, and a cold side of the third heat exchange device is located between the cold side of the second heat exchange device and the first heat exchange device.
In this embodiment, a pressure regulating valve is disposed between the hot side of the third heat exchanger and the first mixing device, and is used for controlling the flow rate of the second mixed working medium input into the first mixing device.
In this embodiment, a pump is provided between the cold sides of the first and second heat exchange means.
In this embodiment, the system further comprises a frequency conversion device, wherein the frequency conversion device is connected with the expander generator set and used for controlling the expander generator set.
The invention also provides a ship waste heat recovery power generation system, which comprises
A main machine, which generates flue gas;
the first heat exchange device is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium, and the first mixed working medium is heated and evaporated into first mixed working medium steam;
the expander generator set is communicated with the first heat exchange device and is used for generating power by utilizing the first mixed working medium steam;
the first condensing device is communicated with the expander generator set and is used for condensing the first mixed working medium;
the first mixed working medium is a mixture at least comprising two working media, wherein the boiling point of at least one of the working media is lower than 100 ℃.
Therefore, compared with the prior art in which water is used as a working medium, the steam for power generation can be generated under the condition of low temperature of flue gas, and the utilization rate of heat is further improved.
In the present embodiment, the present invention further includes:
The gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the first condensation device in a conduction mode and is used for receiving part of the first mixed working medium steam coming out of the first condensation device and separating the first mixed working medium steam into a second mixed working medium and steam.
In the present embodiment, the present invention further includes:
and a first inlet of the second mixing device is communicated with an upper outlet of the gas-liquid separation device, and a second inlet of the second mixing device is communicated with the first condensing device, so that the ammonia gas separated from the gas-liquid separation device can enter the second mixing device again and is mixed with the first mixed working medium.
In the present embodiment, the present invention further includes:
the inlet of the flow divider is connected with the first condensing device, the first outlet of the flow divider is connected with the gas-liquid separation device, the second outlet of the flow divider is connected with the second mixing device, and the flow divider is used for controlling the communication between the first condensing device and the gas-liquid separation device and the communication between the first condensing device and the second mixing device.
In this embodiment, a second condensing device is further disposed between the second mixing device and the first heat exchange device, and is used for condensing the mixture coming out of the second mixing device.
In this embodiment, the condenser further comprises a second heat exchange device, the cold side of the second heat exchange device is located between the cold side of the first heat exchange device and the second condenser, and the hot side of the second heat exchange device is cylinder water.
In this embodiment, a pump body is further included, which is disposed between the cold side of the second heat exchange device and the second condenser and between the splitter and the first condenser, respectively.
In the present embodiment, a throttle valve is further included, which is disposed between the gas-liquid separation device and the first mixing device, and is used for controlling the amount of the second mixed working medium input into the first mixing device.
In this embodiment, the system further comprises a frequency conversion device, wherein the frequency conversion device is connected with the expander generator set and used for controlling the expander generator set.
In this embodiment, the system further comprises a third heat exchange device, wherein a cold side of the third heat exchange device is located between the gas-liquid separation device and the splitter, and a hot side of the third heat exchange device is located between the expander generator set and the first mixing device.
In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Drawings
The following drawings of the invention are included to provide a further understanding of the invention. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship waste heat recovery power generation system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship waste heat recovery power generation system according to another preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship waste heat recovery power generation system according to a first embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the system may include: the system comprises a main machine 10, a first heat exchange device 21, a gas-liquid separation device 30, an expander generator set 40, a first mixing device 51 and a first condensing device 61. Specifically, in embodiment 1, the main machine 10 may be a power output unit such as a marine diesel engine. The exhaust passage of the main unit 10 may be in communication with the first heat exchange device 21, so that the flue gas exhausted from the main unit 10 may enter the first heat exchange device 21. The first heat exchanger 21 can then heat the first mixed working medium by means of the flue gas having a medium-high temperature. For example, the first heat exchange device 21 may be an industrial heat exchanger. The first heat exchange means 21 may comprise a hot side and a cold side. The cold side and the hot side may be pipes intertwined and in thermal contact. The hot side is used for circulating the flue gas, and the cold side is used for circulating first mixed working medium for the hot side can be cold mutually and hot carries out the heat transfer, and then heats first mixed working medium. The first heat exchanger 21, the second heat exchanger 22 and the third heat exchanger 23 are all industrial heat exchangers in the prior art, and are not described herein again.
The first mixed working fluid may comprise a mixture of at least two working fluids, wherein at least one of the working fluids has a boiling point below 100 ℃. For example, the first mixed working medium may be an ammonia water mixture, wherein the boiling point of ammonia gas is lower than 100 ℃, so that ammonia gas is easy to evaporate to form ammonia vapor after the ammonia water mixture is heated, and the remaining part is water containing a small amount of ammonia gas. Preferably, the ammonia is a standard conventional chemical solvent, is widely applied to agriculture, refrigeration, power industry and the like, is properly treated, is a safe chemical preparation conforming to ecology, and the price of the ammonia water working medium is much lower than that of the organic working medium. Compared with the prior art in which water is used as a working medium, the steam for power generation can be generated under the condition of low temperature of flue gas, and the utilization rate of heat is further improved. Therefore, the first mixed working medium is heated to form a second mixed working medium and steam (ammonia steam).
It should be noted that the second mixed working medium contains different ammonia gas contents in different processes, but the second mixed working medium is called the second mixed working medium with a lower ammonia gas content. Therefore, in the following description, the first mixed working medium is ammonia water (ammonia-rich solution) with a relatively high ammonia content; the second mixed working medium is also ammonia water mixture (ammonia-poor solution) with less ammonia content, and the steam is the main part of ammonia gas and the rest of steam.
Of course, according to the inventive concept of the present invention, the first mixed working fluid may include at least one of refrigerants R401A, R402B, R405A, R407C, R409A. Which meets the requirements of the present application as long as it meets the requirement that the boiling point is below 100 degrees celsius, i.e. below the boiling point of water.
The first mixed working medium is ammonia water (ammonia-rich solution) with high ammonia content; the second mixed working fluid is also an ammonia water mixture (ammonia-poor solution) with less ammonia content, and steam is a main part of ammonia gas and the rest part of steam for illustration. The ammonia is heated to produce ammonia vapor and an ammonia mixture containing a small amount of ammonia gas. The mixture is introduced into the gas-liquid separating device 30 connected to the first heat exchanging device 21 through a pipe. After the mixture enters the gas-liquid separation device 30, the ammonia vapor enters the expander generator set 40 connected with the gas-liquid separation device 30 through a pipeline at the upper part of the gas-liquid separation device, and the expander generator set 40 can further generate power by using the ammonia vapor. The ammonia water mixture (second mixed working medium) containing a small amount of ammonia gas in the gas-liquid separation device 30 can flow out through the lower portion of the gas-liquid separation device 30.
After the steam with high temperature and high pressure works in the expander generator set 40, the steam becomes low pressure and low temperature steam and is discharged from the outlet of the expander generator set 40. The first mixing device 51 may be respectively communicated with the mixed working medium outlet of the gas-liquid separating device 30 and the outlet of the expander generator set 40, for mixing the second mixed working medium and the reduced-temperature steam. The steam may be mixed with water containing a small amount of ammonia gas in the first mixing device 51, thereby forming a gas-liquid mixture. Specifically, the expander generator set 40 may be a high inlet pressure turbine, and may take the form of a centripetal turbine, a centrifugal turbine, a screw expander, or the like. The generator can select a high-speed generator or a low-speed generator according to the power grade and the rotating speed condition. If a high speed generator is used, the expander is directly coaxial with the generator or coupled via a coupling. If a low speed generator is used, a reduction gearbox may be used to connect the expander to the generator.
The first condensing device 61 is used for condensing the mixture generated after mixing in the first mixing device 51. Specifically, the first condensing device 61 is communicated with the first mixing device 51, and is configured to condense the mixed second mixed working medium (ammonia water mixture containing a small amount of ammonia gas) and steam into the first mixed working medium. The first condensing device 61 may be seawater outside the ship or may be central cooling fresh water of the main unit 10 system.
The condensed first mixed working medium (ammonia water) can be conveyed into the first heat exchange device 21 through the pump body 90 arranged between the first condensing device 61 and the first heat exchange device 21, and then a complete heat exchange cycle is formed.
In example 1, in order to utilize the heat of the flue gas more efficiently, the irreversible loss in the heat release process is reduced to the maximum extent, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved. The system also includes a second heat exchange means 22 and a third heat exchange means 23. In particular, the hot side of the second heat exchange means 22 is located between the first mixing means 51 and the first condensing means 61. The cold side of the second heat exchange means 22 is located between the first heat exchange means 21 and the first condensation means 61. The second heat exchanger 22 heats the condensed first mixed working medium by using the heat of the second mixed working medium (ammonia water mixture containing a small amount of ammonia gas) coming out from the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 30. It is further ensured that the first mixed working medium can be raised to a relatively high temperature before entering the first heat exchange device 21.
The hot side of the third heat exchange means 23 may be located between the gas-liquid separation device 30 and the first mixing means 51. The cold side of the third heat exchange means 23 may be located between the cold side of the second heat exchange means 22 and the first heat exchange means 21. The third heat exchanger 23 heats the condensed first mixed working medium by using the heat of the mixture of the second mixed working medium and the steam just coming out of the first mixing device 51, so that the temperature of the mixture of the second mixed working medium and the steam can be reduced to a relatively low temperature before entering the first condensing device 61, the condensing work of the first condensing device 61 is lower, the consumption of the condensed water is reduced, and the heat is fully utilized.
In the present embodiment, a pressure regulating valve 72 may be further provided between the gas-liquid separation device 30 and the first mixing device 51. The pressure regulating valve 72 may be two-stage. The pressure regulating valve 72 can control the amount of the second mixed working medium in the gas-liquid separation device 30 entering the first mixing device 51, and further regulate the concentration of the mixture mixed by the first mixing device 51. For example, when a large amount of the second mixed working medium is fed into the first mixing device 51, the ammonia concentration in the ammonia water decreases. The waste heat recovery system will also operate off-design when the host 10 is operated at different loads in view of sea state changes. At the moment, the operating system can be optimized by adjusting the mixing proportion (concentration) of the ammonia water in the operating system, changing the characteristics of the evaporation temperature and the like of the ammonia water, so that the heat release process of the heat source can be better matched with the heat absorption process curve of the ammonia water, the irreversible loss in the heat release process is reduced to the maximum extent, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved.
The invention also provides example 2. Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a ship waste heat recovery power generation system according to embodiment 2. This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the system can be used in situations where the temperature of the flue gas of the main unit 10 is high. At this temperature. The first mixed working medium, i.e. ammonia water, in the first heat exchanger 21 can be completely evaporated into a mixed gas of water vapor and ammonia gas. Therefore, the first heat exchanging device 21 may be directly connected to the expander generator set 40. The mixed gas of the water vapor and the ammonia gas generated in the first heat exchange device 21 directly enters the expander generator set 40 to do work and generate power. The low-temperature and low-pressure mixed gas generated after the work is performed is introduced into the first mixing device 51 again. Meanwhile, the lower outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 30 may be connected to the first mixing device 51, so that the second mixed working medium separated from the gas-liquid separation device 30 may enter the first mixing device 51 to be mixed with the mixed gas, and the mixed gas and the second mixed working medium are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture.
The outlet of the first mixing device 51 may be connected to a first condensing device 61, such that the first condensing device 61 may be used to condense the mixture of the first mixing device 51, thereby producing a mixture comprising part of the ammonia gas and the first mixed working medium. The first mixing medium can be selectively introduced into the gas-liquid separation device 30 or the second mixing device 52 through the flow divider 101.
The first inlet of the second mixing device 52 of the system communicates with the upper outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 30. The second inlet of the second mixing device 52 is communicated with the second condensing device 62, after part of the mixture enters the second mixing device 52, the first inlet of the second mixing device 52 can be connected with the upper outlet of the gas-liquid separating device 30, so that the ammonia gas separated from the gas-liquid separating device 30 can enter the second mixing device 52 again and be mixed with the first mixed working medium, and the concentration of the ammonia in the first mixed working medium output by the second mixing device 52 is improved. By adjusting the mixing proportion of the ammonia water in the operation system, changing the characteristics of the ammonia water mixture such as evaporation temperature and the like, optimizing the operation system, better matching the heat release process of the heat source and the heat absorption process curve of the mixed working medium, reducing the irreversible loss in the heat release process to the maximum extent and improving the heat energy utilization efficiency.
A second condensing device 62 may be further disposed between the second mixing device 52 and the first heat exchange device 21, and the second condensing device 62 is configured to condense vapor in the mixed mixture, so that the vapor has a relatively low temperature and is completely liquefied into liquid.
In embodiment 2, a second heat exchange device 22 is also included. The cold side of the second heat exchange means 22 is located between the cold side of the first heat exchange means 21 and the second condenser. The heat source at the hot side of the second heat exchange device 22 may be cylinder jacket water, and then the ammonia water before entering the first heat exchange device 21 can be heated by the heat in the cylinder jacket water, so that the utilization rate of the heat is improved.
Further, a third heat exchange device 23 may be further included, a cold side of the third heat exchange device 23 being located between the gas-liquid separation device 30 and the splitter 101, and a hot side of the third heat exchange device 23 being located between the expander generator set 40 and the first mixing device 51. The third heat exchanger 23 heats the ammonia water mixture before entering the gas-liquid separator 30 by using the ammonia vapor mixture having a certain amount of heat just coming out of the expander generator set 40, so that it can be separated into water and ammonia gas containing a small amount of ammonia in the gas-liquid separator 30.
In embodiment 2, referring to fig. 2, a pump body 90 is further included, and the pump body 90 is respectively disposed between the cold side of the second heat exchange device 22 and the second condenser and between the flow divider 101 and the first condenser. The pump body 90 is used for driving the flow of liquid in the ship waste heat recovery power generation system.
The system may also include a throttle valve 71. A throttle valve 71 is arranged between the gas-liquid separation device 30 and the first mixing device 51 for controlling the quantity of the second mixed working medium fed into the first mixing device 51. For example, by controlling the amount of second mixture medium supplied to the first mixing device 51, the ammonia concentration of the mixture mixed in the first mixing device 51 can be controlled. The host 10 is operated under different loads due to the change of sea conditions, at the moment, the ship waste heat recovery power generation system is also operated under a non-design working condition, and at the moment, the characteristics of the ammonia water mixture such as evaporation temperature and the like can be changed by adjusting the mixing proportion (concentration) of the ammonia water in the operation system, so that the operation system is optimized, the circulating working medium is better matched with a heat source, the heat is fully recovered, and the operation efficiency of the system is improved. Further, a throttle valve 71 may also be provided between the second mixing device 52 and the flow divider 101. The throttle valve 71 is used to control the flow of ammonia water between the flow divider 101 and the second mixing device 52, thereby also enabling adjustment of the ammonia concentration in the second mixing device 52. In embodiment 2, the first mixing device 51 may be a low-pressure mixing device, and the second mixing device 52 may be a high-pressure mixing device.
In this implementation, the system further includes a frequency conversion device 80. The variable frequency device 80 may be electrically connected to the expander generator set 40. The system mainly comprises a rectifying unit (alternating current to direct current), a filtering unit, an inverting unit (direct current to alternating current), a braking unit, a driving unit, a detection unit micro-processing unit and the like. The frequency converter adjusts the power frequency, so that the generated electric energy meets the requirements of a ship power grid, and in addition, the frequency converter can also have a plurality of protection functions, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, overload protection and the like.
The present invention has been illustrated by the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that many variations and modifications may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, which variations and modifications are within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (19)
1. A marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system, comprising:
a main machine, which generates flue gas;
The first heat exchange device is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium;
the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the first heat exchange device and is used for separating a second mixed working medium generated by heating the first mixed working medium from steam;
the expander generator set is communicated with the steam outlet of the gas-liquid separation device and generates power by using the steam;
the first mixing device is respectively communicated with a mixed working medium outlet of the gas-liquid separation device and an outlet of the expander generator set and is used for mixing the second mixed working medium with the steam with the reduced temperature;
the first condensing device is communicated with the first mixing device and is used for liquefying the mixed second mixed working medium and the steam into a first mixed working medium;
the first mixed working medium is a mixture at least comprising two working media, wherein the boiling point of at least one of the working media is lower than 100 ℃;
the second mixed working medium is a mixture obtained after the working medium part with the lowest boiling point in the first mixed working medium is evaporated into steam, and the steam is formed by evaporating the working medium with the lowest boiling point in the first mixed working medium.
2. The ship waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 1, wherein the first mixed working medium is ammonia water, the second mixed working medium is a mixed solution formed after the first mixed working medium is evaporated, and the steam comprises ammonia steam.
3. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 1, wherein the first mixed working fluid comprises at least one of refrigerants R401A, R402B, R405A, R407C and R409A.
4. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 1, wherein a first condensing device is disposed between the first mixing device and the first heat exchanging device, and the first condensing device condenses the steam using an external cooling source.
5. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a second heat exchange device, a hot side of the second heat exchange device being located between the first mixing device and the first condensing device, and a cold side of the second heat exchange device being located between the first heat exchange device and the first condensing device.
6. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system according to claim 5, further comprising a third heat exchange device, wherein a hot side of the third heat exchange device is located between the gas-liquid separation device and the first mixing device, and a cold side of the third heat exchange device is located between a cold side of the second heat exchange device and the first heat exchange device.
7. The ship waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 6, wherein a pressure regulating valve is arranged between the hot side of the third heat exchange device and the first mixing device, and is used for controlling the flow of the second mixed working medium input into the first mixing device.
8. The marine heat recovery power generation system of claim 5, wherein a pump is disposed between the cold sides of the first and second heat exchange devices.
9. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a frequency conversion device connected to the expander generator set for controlling the expander generator set.
10. A ship waste heat recovery power generation system is characterized by comprising
A main machine, which generates flue gas;
the first heat exchange device is communicated with the host and is used for exchanging heat between a first mixed working medium and the flue gas so as to heat the first mixed working medium, and the first mixed working medium is heated and evaporated into first mixed working medium steam;
the expander generator set is communicated with the first heat exchange device and is used for generating power by utilizing the first mixed working medium steam;
The first condensing device is communicated with the expander generator set and is used for condensing the first mixed working medium;
the first mixed working medium is a mixture at least comprising two working media, wherein the boiling point of at least one of the working media is lower than 100 ℃.
11. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 10, further comprising:
the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the first condensation device in a conduction mode and is used for receiving part of the first mixed working medium steam coming out of the first condensation device and separating the first mixed working medium steam into a second mixed working medium and steam.
12. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 11, further comprising:
and a first inlet of the second mixing device is communicated with an upper outlet of the gas-liquid separation device, and a second inlet of the second mixing device is communicated with the first condensing device, so that the ammonia gas separated from the gas-liquid separation device can enter the second mixing device and is mixed with the first mixed working medium.
13. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 12, further comprising:
The inlet of the flow divider is connected with the first condensing device, the first outlet of the flow divider is connected with the gas-liquid separation device, the second outlet of the flow divider is connected with the second mixing device, and the flow divider is used for controlling the communication between the first condensing device and the gas-liquid separation device and the communication between the first condensing device and the second mixing device.
14. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system according to claim 12, wherein a second condensing device is further disposed between the second mixing device and the first heat exchanging device, and is used for condensing and liquefying the mixture coming out of the second mixing device.
15. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 14, further comprising a second heat exchange device, wherein the cold side of the second heat exchange device is located between the cold side of the first heat exchange device and the second condensing device, and the hot side of the second heat exchange device uses cylinder water as a heat source.
16. The marine heat recovery power generation system of claim 15, further comprising a pump body disposed between the cold side of the second heat exchange device and the second condensing device and between the diverter and the first condensing device, respectively.
17. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 12, further comprising a throttle valve disposed between the gas-liquid separation device and the first mixing device for controlling the flow rate of the second mixed working medium input into the first mixing device; and/or
The throttle valve is arranged between the second mixing device and the flow divider and used for controlling the flow of the mixed working medium input into the second mixing device by the flow divider.
18. The marine vessel waste heat recovery power generation system of claim 12, further comprising a frequency conversion device connected to the expander generator set for controlling the expander generator set.
19. The marine heat recovery power generation system of claim 13, further comprising a third heat exchange device, a cold side of the third heat exchange device being located between the gas-liquid separation device and the splitter, and a hot side of the third heat exchange device being located between the expander generator set and the first mixing device.
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| CN201910363910.9A CN111852599A (en) | 2019-04-30 | 2019-04-30 | Ship waste heat recovery power generation system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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