CN210151038U - Low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment - Google Patents
Low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN210151038U CN210151038U CN201920976120.3U CN201920976120U CN210151038U CN 210151038 U CN210151038 U CN 210151038U CN 201920976120 U CN201920976120 U CN 201920976120U CN 210151038 U CN210151038 U CN 210151038U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment, including equipment such as pyrolysis oven and high temperature dust remover, the pyrolysis chamber of pyrolysis oven and predeposition the gas chamber and be provided with independent burning heating system respectively, realize the accurate temperature control to upper and lower layer, make the pyrolysis effect of low order coal better; the middle filler layer of the filter element in the dust remover is filled with a catalyst loaded with active components such as nickel oxide, aluminum oxide and the like, so that the catalytic reforming of tar can be realized while filtering and removing dust, and the tar quality is improved; and the heat-insulating layer and the temperature-adjusting flue layer are arranged outside each device, so that the temperature of the coal pyrolysis and product dust removal process can be accurately regulated and controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the energy, especially, relate to small-size particle size low order fine coal pyrolysis technology field.
Background
Lignite and bituminous coal (long flame coal, non-caking coal, weakly caking coal and the like) with low metamorphic grade are generally called low-rank coal or young coal due to short coal-forming age, have rich resource quantity and are main coal types of coal for power in China. Compared with other coal types, the low-rank coal is rich in high-value volatile components in the macromolecular structure, is easy to cause resource waste when being directly combusted as power coal, and can cause certain environmental pollution problems due to insufficient combustion and the like. For the suitability of low-rank coal, high value-added volatile components in the low-rank coal are obtained through medium-low temperature pyrolysis (at 800 ℃), and then the residual high-carbon-containing solid is combusted, gasified or prepared into a carbon material and the like, so that the graded quality-divided conversion of the low-rank coal can be realized, and the low-rank coal is converted into chemical raw materials and clean fuels from a single fuel.
The low-temperature pyrolysis of low-rank coal is generally carried out by an internal heating type vertical furnace pyrolysis process in industry, the used raw material is 30-80mm lump coal, and for low-rank crushed coal and slack coal (less than 10 mm) with small particle size, although the technical research and development are numerous, no mature industrialized technology exists at present, and the main reason is that the pyrolysis process of the low-rank crushed coal and the slack coal is confronted with the technical problems of serious dust entrainment in the pyrolysis process, more heavy components in tar, poor quality and difficult separation of high-temperature oil dust in the later period.
In the regulation and control method for preparing high-quality oil and gas products by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in the prior art, the temperature control flues of the upper layer and the lower layer of the pyrolysis furnace are communicated, the temperature control can be mutually influenced, and the problems of inconvenient operation and incapability of ensuring precision exist. On the other hand, the catalyst added by pyrolyzing coal and the catalyst with regulation and control function placed in the upper air chamber can not be recovered and is difficult to replace.
Meanwhile, the existing dust removal technology has poor applicability to dust removal of pyrolysis raw gas, and mainly has the defects of difficult high temperature resistance of materials, unstable temperature field, easy condensation and separation of tar and adhesion in a dust remover and a pipeline.
To promote the industrialization of the pyrolysis technology of low-order pulverized coal and slack coal with small particle size, the quality control technology of dust and tar in the pyrolysis process must be broken through.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a technical problem lie in providing a low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment promptly, reduces the production of heavy tar, improves the pyrolysis tar quality of low order fine coal, reaches good dust removal effect simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means.
The utility model provides a low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment mainly contains the pyrolysis oven, and this pyrolysis oven contains lower part pyrolysis chamber and upper portion preliminary sedimentation air chamber, the lower part pyrolysis chamber is equipped with into coal mouth, play burnt mouth, transmission shaft and transmission shaft drive system, upper portion preliminary sedimentation air chamber is equipped with the raw coke oven gas export, the outside cladding of lower part pyrolysis chamber has the combustion chamber of heat supply, and this combustion chamber is provided with lower combustion heating system; the upper pre-settling air chamber is externally coated with a temperature adjusting air chamber for supplying heat, and the temperature adjusting air chamber is provided with an upper combustion heat supply system.
The utility model discloses low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment still includes the high temperature filtration dust remover, and this high temperature filtration dust remover contains the dust removal chamber, the dust removal chamber is equipped with raw coke oven gas import, does not contain dirt raw coke oven gas export and first dust discharging port, the external draught fan in the cooling back of dustless raw coke oven gas export distal end, raw coke oven gas exit linkage raw coke oven gas import, the dust removal intracavity portion is equipped with filter equipment, the outside cladding in dust removal chamber has the heat preservation, set up the flue layer that adjusts the temperature between the shell in the shell of heat preservation and the shell in dust removal chamber, insert the high temperature flue pipe in the flue layer that adjusts the temperature, the high temperature flue pipe source is from the air chamber that adjusts the temperature.
The filter device is a plurality of dust removal filter cores, and a plurality of dust removal filter cores are evenly distributed in the dust removal cavity.
A preheating pipe is arranged in the temperature adjusting flue layer and spirally rises around the outer wall of the dust removing cavity; the inlet end of the preheating pipe is externally connected with an air blowing device, the air blowing device comprises a pulse pressure pump, the outlet end of the preheating pipe is divided into a plurality of blowing pipes, the number of the blowing pipes is the same as that of the dust removal filter elements, and the blowing pipes are respectively inserted into the dust removal filter elements.
The dust removal filter element comprises an outer metal net, an intermediate filler layer and an inner filter layer; the outer metal net is a sintered metal net with the aperture of 20-100 microns, the intermediate packing layer is filled with materials with a catalytic effect, and the inner filter layer is a skeleton supporting filter layer with the granularity smaller than that of the materials filled in the intermediate packing layer.
The utility model discloses low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment still includes the high temperature cyclone of at least one-level, and high temperature cyclone contains inside dust removal chamber, and this inside dust removal chamber is equipped with air inlet, gas outlet and second and unloads the ash hole, and the export of raw coke oven gas is connected to this air inlet, and this gas outlet communicates in the raw coke oven gas import of high temperature filtration dust remover.
The outermost layer of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector is coated with a heat-insulating outer layer, the shell of the heat-insulating outer layer is connected with the shell of the heat-insulating layer of the high-temperature filter dust collector through a flue gas pipe, and a temperature-adjusting flue gas layer is formed between the internal dust-removing cavity and the heat-insulating outer layer.
The utility model discloses produced technological effect of low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment as follows.
1. The upper and lower layers of pyrolysis oven are provided with independent burning heating system respectively, realize the accurate accuse temperature to upper and lower layer, make the pyrolysis effect of low order coal better.
2. The outside heat preservation and the flue layer that adjusts the temperature that is equipped with of high temperature dust collecting equipment more do benefit to and carry out accurate regulation and control to the temperature of dust removal in-process.
3. After the filter element of the high-temperature filter dust remover filters for a period of time, the dust on the surface of the filter element is blown away by the clean coal gas introduced by the preheating pipe, so that the filtering time of the filter element is prolonged, and the number of high-temperature standby dust removers is reduced.
4. The preheating pipe for the clean gas for back flushing is arranged in the temperature-adjusting flue layer, and the clean gas can reach the same temperature condition as that in the dust-removing cavity before entering the filter element for back flushing, so that the stability of a temperature field is ensured.
5. The middle filler layer of the dust removal filter element is filled with a catalyst loaded with active components such as nickel oxide, aluminum oxide and the like, so that the catalytic reforming of tar can be realized while dust removal is carried out, the tar quality is improved, and the filter material is renewable and replaceable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the pyrolysis furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the dust-removing filter elements in the high-temperature filter dust collector of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4-5 are schematic structural views of a dust removal filter element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a high temperature dust removing apparatus according to another embodiment of the quality control apparatus for low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, it is the overall structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control device of the utility model, the device adopted by the embodiment mainly comprises a pyrolysis furnace 1, a high-temperature filter dust collector 2 and a tar cooling gas purification system 3.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the pyrolysis furnace 1 is divided into a lower pyrolysis chamber 11 and an upper pre-settling chamber 12, the lower pyrolysis chamber 11 is provided with a coal inlet 111, a coke outlet 112, a transmission shaft 113 and a transmission shaft driving system 114, the transmission shaft 113 is further provided with a scraper 117 for conveying coal from the coal inlet 111 to the coke outlet 112, the upper pre-settling chamber 12 is provided with a raw gas outlet 121, and the raw gas outlet 121 is communicated with a raw gas inlet 231 of the high-temperature filter dust collector 2.
The lower pyrolysis chamber 11 is externally coated with a combustion chamber 115 for supplying heat to the lower pyrolysis chamber, and the upper pre-settling chamber 12 is externally coated with a temperature adjusting chamber 122 for supplying heat to the upper pre-settling chamber. The utility model discloses the temperature of well lower part pyrolysis chamber 11 and upper portion preliminary sedimentation air chamber 12 separately the independent control, has consequently set up independent burning heating system respectively to the upper and lower floor of pyrolysis oven 1.
Wherein, the lower combustion heating system 116 arranged on the combustion chamber 115 can adopt a heat accumulating type combustion system, which ensures that the temperature of the combustion chamber 115 is adjustable between 600 ℃ and 700 ℃, and ensures that the temperature of the lower pyrolysis chamber is uniform and stable.
And the upper combustion heat supply system 123 arranged on the temperature-adjusting gas chamber 122 ensures that the temperature of the temperature-adjusting gas chamber 122 is adjustable between 400 ℃ and 700 ℃, and the upper combustion heat supply system 123 can adopt one of the following combustion system modes.
① the gas burner with automatic temp. control uses the clean gas or natural gas generated by pyrolysis as fuel to generate smoke at a certain temp. and then to be introduced into the flue system.
② A single regenerative combustion system, such as a bottom regenerative combustion system, is provided with a burner and a regenerator.
③ introduces external industrial waste heat and air distribution, which is the recovered heat from high-temperature incinerators in factories, the waste heat of other projects in industrial parks, the waste heat of boilers and the like, and carries out air distribution and temperature regulation.
The temperature of the flue gas discharged after heat exchange in the flue is higher (about 500-600 ℃), the flue gas can be used as supplementary heat for sections such as wet coal drying and steam generation systems in factories, the flue gas can also enter a heat storage chamber to recover heat and then is discharged, and the temperature can be reduced to below 120 ℃, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In the embodiment, the coal raw material pyrolysis process control process comprises the following steps: the small-particle-size raw material coal with the particle size smaller than 10mm enters the lower pyrolysis chamber 11 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 from the coal inlet 111, gradually moves towards the coke outlet 112 under the pushing of the transmission shaft 113 and the scraper 117, and is continuously heated, the pyrolysis temperature of the lower pyrolysis chamber 11 is controlled at 600-650 ℃, and preferably at 600-650 ℃; the high-temperature semicoke generated after pyrolysis enters a subsequent quenching section from a coke outlet 112, gas phase volatile matters (generally referred to as raw gas) such as high-temperature tar, water vapor and coal gas generated by pyrolysis enter an upper pre-settling gas chamber 12 for pre-settling of dust, the temperature of the upper pre-settling gas chamber 12 is controlled to be 550 ℃ and more preferably 500 ℃ at 450 ℃, and the pre-settled raw gas flows into a high-temperature filter dust collector 2 from a raw gas outlet 121 for dust removal.
As shown in fig. 1, the high temperature filter dust collector 2 of the present embodiment is composed of an insulating layer 21 and a dust collection cavity 23, a housing of the insulating layer 21 is connected to a high temperature flue gas pipe 124 led out from a temperature adjustment gas chamber 122 of the pyrolysis furnace 1, and a temperature adjustment flue gas pipe layer 22 is formed between the insulating layer 21 and the dust collection cavity 23, and is used for adjusting and controlling the temperature in the dust collection process inside the dust collection cavity 23.
The dust removing cavity 23 is provided with a raw gas inlet 231, a dust-free raw gas outlet 232, a first dust discharging port 233 and a dust discharging valve 235; wherein, the raw gas inlet 231 is communicated with the raw gas outlet 121 of the pyrolysis furnace 1, the far end of the dust-free raw gas outlet 232 is externally connected with the draught fan 34 after being cooled, and the draught fan 34 is used for introducing the raw gas into the dust removing cavity 23 for filtering. As shown in fig. 3, 6 dust removing filter elements 234 with hollow circular cross sections are uniformly and fixedly arranged in the dust removing cavity 23, and the 6 dust removing filter elements 234 are circularly and vertically arranged in sequence around the center of the dust removing cavity 23.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the dust removal filter element 234 is comprised of three portions, an outer layer of wire 401, an intermediate filler layer 402, and an inner filter layer 403. Wherein, the outer layer metal mesh 401 is a small-aperture sintered stainless steel metal mesh, the aperture range is 20-100 microns, preferably 40-70 microns; the intermediate filler layer 402 is filled with materials which are loaded with active components such as nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide and the like and have catalytic action, and the catalyst carrier is 600-700 ℃ pyrolysis semicoke with the granularity of 2-3mm or the semicoke, the alumina and the like of the loaded catalyst prepared by a solution impregnation method; the internal filter layer 403 is a large-aperture skeleton-supported filter layer structure, and the particle size of the internal filter layer is slightly smaller than that of the filler of the intermediate filler layer, so that the internal filter layer has the function of serving as a baffle for the intermediate filler.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a preheating pipe 221 is further disposed in the temperature-adjusting flue layer 22, the preheating pipe 221 is spirally disposed around the outer wall of the dust-removing chamber 23, an outlet end of the preheating pipe 221 is divided into a plurality of purging pipes 222, and the number of the purging pipes 222 is the same as that of the dust-removing filter elements 234, that is, as shown in fig. 3, the number of the purging pipes 222 is also 6 in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, each purging tube 222 is vertically inserted into each dust removing filter element 234, and meanwhile, the inlet end of the preheating tube 221 is externally connected with an air blowing device, the air blowing device includes a pulse pressure pump 301 and a gas buffer tank 302 for back flushing, the pulse valve of the pulse pressure pump 301 controls the purging tube 222 of the preheating tube 221, and is used for performing alternate back flushing on the 6 dust removing filter elements 234, that is, when the dust removing filter element A, C, E is back flushed, the dust removing filter element B, D, F normally filters the raw gas, and when the dust removing filter element B, D, F is back flushed, the dust removing filter element A, C, E normally filters the raw gas. The soot deposited in the dust-removing chamber 23 after purging can be discharged from the first soot-discharging port 233 by opening the soot-discharging valve 235 in stages.
In the embodiment, the processes of filtering, dedusting and catalyzing and tempering of the raw coke oven gas are as follows: introducing the pre-settled crude gas into the dust removal cavity 23 of the high-temperature filter dust remover 2 from the crude gas inlet 231 by the draught fan 34, wherein the temperature of the temperature-adjusting flue layer 22 is controlled at 550 ℃ of 450-; the raw coke oven gas is filtered by a dust removal filter element 234 arranged in the dust removal cavity 23, most particles are filtered by an outer-layer small-aperture metal net 401, fine particles are filtered by an intermediate packing layer 402, and meanwhile, the catalyst in the intermediate packing layer 402 can also perform catalytic tempering on the gas phase reaction of the raw coke oven gas. After the filter elements are filtered for a period of time, clean gas is introduced from the purging pipe 222 of the preheating pipe 221 to blow back the surface dust on each dust removal filter element 234, and the preheating pipe 221 is arranged in the temperature adjusting flue layer 22, so that the introduced clean gas reaches the same temperature condition as that of a dust remover before entering the filter elements to blow back, and the stability of a temperature field is ensured. The clean gas is blown back alternately to each dust-removing filter element 234, so that the filtering time of the same high-temperature filtering dust remover is prolonged, the pressure change is stable, and the number of high-temperature standby dust removers is reduced.
The dust-free raw gas obtained after dust removal and filtration is discharged into a subsequent tar cooling gas purification system 3 through a dust-free raw gas outlet 232, and finally the obtained purified gas enters a gas storage cabinet 4 to be sent out or returned to a furnace for combustion, wherein a small part of the purified gas enters a gas buffer tank 302 for back flushing of each dust removal filter element 234 in the high-temperature filter dust remover 2.
Please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature dust removing device in another embodiment of the low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control device of the present invention, that is, a high temperature cyclone 5 with one or more stages of combination can be further added before the high temperature filter dust collector 2 to enhance the dust removing effect on the raw coke oven gas.
The high temperature cyclone dust collector 5 comprises an internal dust removing cavity 50, the internal dust removing cavity 50 is provided with an air inlet 51 for introducing raw gas, an air outlet 52, a second dust discharging port 53 and a dust discharging valve, and the air outlet 52 is communicated with a raw gas inlet 231 of the high temperature filter dust collector 2. The outermost cladding of high temperature cyclone 5 has heat preservation skin 54, and the shell of this heat preservation skin 54 passes through flue gas pipe 55 with the shell of high temperature filter dust collector 2's heat preservation 21 to be connected, forms temperature adjusting flue layer 56 between inside dust removal chamber 50 and heat preservation skin 54 for the temperature of whirlwind dust removal in-process in inside dust removal chamber 50 is regulated and control. In this embodiment, the housing of the high temperature filter dust collector 2 needs to be externally connected with the high temperature flue gas pipe 224 to supply heat to the temperature regulating flue gas layer 22.
Therefore, raw coal gas generated by pyrolysis of raw coal enters the internal dust removal cavity 50 for cyclone dust removal through the air inlet 51 of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector 5 before entering the high-temperature filter dust collector, and the temperature of the temperature-adjusting flue layer 56 of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector 5 is controlled at 550 ℃ of 450-. The raw gas after the preliminary dust removal flows out of the gas outlet 52 and enters the high-temperature filter dust remover 2, and then further filtration dust removal and catalytic reforming tempering are carried out, so that extremely small dust entrainment and good dust removal effect are realized, and high-quality semi-coke, gas and tar products are obtained.
Claims (7)
1. The quality control device for the low-order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1), wherein the pyrolysis furnace (1) comprises a lower pyrolysis chamber (11) and an upper pre-settling air chamber (12), the lower pyrolysis chamber (11) is provided with a coal inlet (111), a coke outlet (112), a transmission shaft (113) and a transmission shaft driving system (114), the upper pre-settling air chamber (12) is provided with a raw gas outlet (121), and the quality control device is characterized in that,
the outer part of the lower pyrolysis chamber (11) is coated with a combustion chamber (115) for supplying heat, and the combustion chamber (115) is provided with a lower combustion heat supply system (116);
the upper pre-settling gas chamber (12) is externally coated with a temperature adjusting gas chamber (122) for supplying heat, and the temperature adjusting gas chamber (122) is provided with an upper combustion heat supply system (123).
2. The quality control equipment for low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar according to claim 1, further comprising a high-temperature filter dust collector (2), the high-temperature filter dust collector (2) comprises a dust removing cavity (23), the dust removing cavity (23) is provided with a raw gas inlet (231), a dust-free raw gas outlet (232) and a first dust discharging port (233), the far end of the dust-free raw gas outlet (232) is externally connected with an induced draft fan (34) after being cooled, the raw gas outlet (121) is connected with the raw gas inlet (231), the dust removing cavity (23) is internally provided with a filtering device, an insulating layer (21) is coated outside the dust removing cavity (23), a temperature adjusting flue layer (22) is arranged between the shell of the insulating layer (21) and the shell of the dust removing cavity (23), the temperature-adjusting flue layer (22) is internally connected with a high-temperature flue pipe (124), and the high-temperature flue pipe (124) is originated from the temperature-adjusting gas chamber (122).
3. The low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control device according to claim 2, wherein the filtering device is a plurality of dust removing filter elements (234), and the dust removing filter elements (234) are uniformly arranged inside the dust removing cavity (23).
4. The low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control apparatus according to claim 3,
a preheating pipe (221) is arranged in the temperature adjusting flue layer (22), and the preheating pipe (221) is spirally arranged around the outer wall of the dust removing cavity (23) in an ascending manner;
the inlet end of the preheating pipe (221) is externally connected with an air blowing device, the air blowing device comprises a pulse pressurization pump (301), the outlet end of the preheating pipe (221) is divided into a plurality of purging pipes (222), the number of the purging pipes (222) is the same as that of the dust removal filter elements (234), and the purging pipes (222) are respectively inserted into the dust removal filter elements (234).
5. The quality control device of low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar according to claim 4, wherein the dust removal filter element (234) comprises an outer metal mesh (401), an intermediate filler layer (402) and an inner filter layer (403); the outer metal net (401) is a sintered metal net with the pore diameter of 20-100 microns, the intermediate packing layer (402) is filled with materials with a catalytic effect, and the inner filter layer (403) is a skeleton supporting filter layer with the granularity smaller than that of the materials filled in the intermediate packing layer (402).
6. The low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising at least one stage of high-temperature cyclone dust collector (5), wherein the high-temperature cyclone dust collector (5) comprises an internal dust removal cavity (50), the internal dust removal cavity (50) is provided with an air inlet (51), an air outlet (52) and a second ash discharge port (53), the air inlet (51) is connected with the raw gas outlet (121), and the air outlet (52) is communicated with the raw gas inlet (231) of the high-temperature filter dust collector (2).
7. The low-rank pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality control equipment according to claim 6, wherein the outermost layer of the high-temperature cyclone dust collector (5) is coated with an outer heat-insulating layer (54), the outer shell of the outer heat-insulating layer (54) is connected with the outer shell of the heat-insulating layer (21) of the high-temperature filter dust collector (2) through a flue gas pipe (55), and a temperature-adjusting flue gas channel layer (56) is formed between the inner dust-removing cavity (50) and the outer heat-insulating layer (54).
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| CN201920976120.3U CN210151038U (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Low order fine coal pyrolysis tar quality regulation and control equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110218588A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-10 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of low order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality adjusting device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110218588A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-10 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of low order pulverized coal pyrolysis tar quality adjusting device and method |
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