CN209982383U - Drive circuit and electric vehicle drive system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请提供一种驱动电路及电动汽车驱动系统。所述驱动电路包括供电单元和逆变电路。所述供电单元包括三个电池组。每个电池组的一端相互独立。每个电池组的另一端与另外两个电池组的另一端共线。所述逆变电路包括三个桥臂。三个所述桥臂的一个电位点共线。共线的电位点与电池组共线的一端相连。每个所述桥臂的另一个电位点连接一个电池组相互独立的一端。所述三个电池组相互独立,所述三个桥臂相互独立,使得所述驱动电路具有更多自由度。所述驱动电路能够在不增加其他器件的基础上实现电池的加热功能、快充功能、均衡功能。
The present application provides a drive circuit and an electric vehicle drive system. The drive circuit includes a power supply unit and an inverter circuit. The power supply unit includes three battery packs. One end of each battery pack is independent of each other. The other end of each battery pack is collinear with the other ends of the other two battery packs. The inverter circuit includes three bridge arms. One potential point of the three bridge arms is collinear. The collinear potential point is connected to one end of the battery pack which is collinear. Another potential point of each of the bridge arms is connected to one end of a battery pack which is independent of each other. The three battery packs are independent of each other, and the three bridge arms are independent of each other, so that the driving circuit has more degrees of freedom. The driving circuit can realize the heating function, the fast charging function and the balancing function of the battery without adding other devices.
Description
技术领域technical field
本申请涉及新能源汽车领域,特别是涉及一种驱动电路及电动汽车驱动系统。The present application relates to the field of new energy vehicles, in particular to a drive circuit and an electric vehicle drive system.
背景技术Background technique
目前,电动汽车的能量储存装置可以为锂离子电池。电动汽车的动力装置可以采用三相同步电机或三相异步电机。单节锂离子电池标称电压一般小于5V,通过一节或多节电池并联,几十节或上百节电池串联组成电压为几十到几百伏的电池包用于驱动车辆。乘用车母线电压范围为275V-550V,商用车母线电压范围为450V-820V。Currently, the energy storage device of an electric vehicle can be a lithium-ion battery. The power plant of an electric vehicle can use a three-phase synchronous motor or a three-phase asynchronous motor. The nominal voltage of a single-cell lithium-ion battery is generally less than 5V. By connecting one or more batteries in parallel, dozens or hundreds of batteries are connected in series to form a battery pack with a voltage of tens to hundreds of volts for driving vehicles. The busbar voltage range of passenger cars is 275V-550V, and the busbar voltage range of commercial vehicles is 450V-820V.
传统的电池包驱动电机的方案为:单体串并联的电池包作为整体与直流高压母线相连,通过三相全桥逆变电路将电池的直流电转换为交流电,由三相交流电驱动三相电机。传统的电池包驱动电机的方案功能单一,无法实现电池包故障下运行。The traditional scheme of driving a motor with a battery pack is as follows: a single battery pack connected in series and parallel as a whole is connected to the DC high-voltage bus, and the DC power of the battery is converted into AC power through a three-phase full-bridge inverter circuit, and the three-phase AC power is used to drive the three-phase motor. The traditional battery pack-driven motor solution has a single function and cannot operate under the battery pack failure.
实用新型内容Utility model content
基于此,有必要针对传统的电池包驱动电机的方案功能单一,无法实现电池包故障下运行的问题,提供一种驱动电路及电动汽车驱动系统。Based on this, it is necessary to provide a drive circuit and an electric vehicle drive system in order to solve the problem that the traditional battery pack driving motor solution has a single function and cannot realize the operation under the battery pack failure.
一种驱动电路,包括:A drive circuit, comprising:
供电单元,包括第一电池组、第二电池组和第三电池组;以及a power supply unit, including a first battery pack, a second battery pack, and a third battery pack; and
逆变电路,包括第一桥臂、第二桥臂和第三桥臂;an inverter circuit, including a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm and a third bridge arm;
所述第一电池组的第一电极与所述第一桥臂的上桥臂母线连接,所述第二电池组的第一电极与所述第二桥臂的上桥臂母线连接,所述第三电池组的第一电极与所述第三桥臂的上桥臂母线连接;The first electrode of the first battery pack is connected to the busbar of the upper bridge arm of the first bridge arm, the first electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the busbar of the upper bridge arm of the second bridge arm, and the The first electrode of the third battery pack is connected to the busbar of the upper bridge arm of the third bridge arm;
所述第一电池组的第二电极、所述第二电池组的第二电极和所述第三电池组的第二电极共线以形成第一端;The second electrode of the first battery, the second electrode of the second battery, and the second electrode of the third battery are collinear to form a first end;
所述第一桥臂的下桥臂、所述第二桥臂的下桥臂和所述第三桥臂的下桥臂共线以形成第二端;The lower bridge arm of the first bridge arm, the lower bridge arm of the second bridge arm, and the lower bridge arm of the third bridge arm are collinear to form a second end;
所述第一端与所述第二端母线连接。The first end is connected to the second end bus bar.
在其中一个实施例中,所述供电单元中的每个电池组包括一个电池单元和一个第一旁路开关,一个所述电池单元和一个所述第一旁路开关串联连接。In one of the embodiments, each battery pack in the power supply unit includes a battery unit and a first bypass switch, and a battery unit and a first bypass switch are connected in series.
在其中一个实施例中,每个电池单元包括:In one embodiment, each battery cell includes:
多个电芯,一个所述电池单元中的所述电芯的数量与另两个所述电池单元中的所述电芯数量相同;a plurality of battery cells, the number of the battery cells in one of the battery cells is the same as the number of the battery cells in the other two battery cells;
一个所述电池单元中的所述电芯的连接方式与另两个所述电池单元中的所述电芯的连接方式相同。The connection manner of the battery cells in one of the battery units is the same as the connection manner of the battery cells in the other two battery units.
在其中一个实施例中,所述一个所述电池单元中的所述电芯的连接方式为多个所述电芯串联、多个所述电芯并联后串联、多个所述电芯并联或多个所述电芯串联后并联中的一种。In one of the embodiments, the battery cells in the one battery unit are connected in a manner of connecting a plurality of the battery cells in series, a plurality of the battery cells in parallel and then in series, a plurality of the battery cells in parallel, or One of a plurality of the battery cells connected in series and then connected in parallel.
在其中一个实施例中,还包括:In one embodiment, it also includes:
第二旁路开关,电连接于所述第一端与所述第二端之间。The second bypass switch is electrically connected between the first end and the second end.
在其中一个实施例中,所述第二旁路开关为电磁继电器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管或者金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中的一种。In one embodiment, the second bypass switch is one of an electromagnetic relay, an insulated gate bipolar transistor or a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor.
在其中一个实施例中,所述逆变电路中的每个桥臂包括:In one of the embodiments, each bridge arm in the inverter circuit includes:
两个串联的功率开关器件,所述两个串联的功率开关器件中的一个功率开关器件的集电极端与一个电池组的正极母线连接;two series-connected power switch devices, the collector terminal of one of the two series-connected power switch devices is connected to the positive bus bar of one battery pack;
所述两个串联的功率开关器件中的另一个功率开关器件的发射极端与一个电池组的负极母线连接。The emitter terminal of the other power switching device in the two series-connected power switching devices is connected to the negative bus bar of one battery pack.
一种电动汽车驱动系统,包括:An electric vehicle drive system, comprising:
如上述实施例中任一项所述的驱动电路;The drive circuit as described in any one of the above embodiments;
电池管理电路,与所述驱动电路电连接;以及a battery management circuit electrically connected to the drive circuit; and
第一控制器,与所述驱动电路电连接。The first controller is electrically connected to the driving circuit.
在其中一个实施例中,所述电池管理电路包括:In one embodiment, the battery management circuit includes:
检测电路,与所述供电单元电连接;以及a detection circuit electrically connected to the power supply unit; and
第二控制器,与所述供电单元电连接。The second controller is electrically connected with the power supply unit.
在其中一个实施例中,所述检测电路包括电压检测单元、电流检测单元和温度检测单元,所述电压检测单元、所述电流检测单元和所述温度检测单元分别与所述供电单元电连接。In one embodiment, the detection circuit includes a voltage detection unit, a current detection unit and a temperature detection unit, and the voltage detection unit, the current detection unit and the temperature detection unit are respectively electrically connected to the power supply unit.
本申请提供一种驱动电路及电动汽车驱动系统。所述驱动电路包括供电单元和逆变电路。所述供电单元包括三个电池组。每个电池组的一端相互独立。每个电池组的另一端与另外两个电池组的另一端共线。所述逆变电路包括三个桥臂。三个所述桥臂的一个电位点共线。共线的电位点与电池组共线的一端相连。每个所述桥臂的另一个电位点连接一个电池组相互独立的一端。所述三个电池组相互独立,所述三个桥臂相互独立,使得所述驱动电路具有更多自由度。所述驱动电路能够在不增加其他器件的基础上实现电池的故障下运行、加热功能、快充功能、均衡功能。The present application provides a drive circuit and an electric vehicle drive system. The drive circuit includes a power supply unit and an inverter circuit. The power supply unit includes three battery packs. One end of each battery pack is independent of each other. The other end of each battery pack is collinear with the other ends of the other two battery packs. The inverter circuit includes three bridge arms. One potential point of the three bridge arms is collinear. The collinear potential point is connected to one end of the battery pack which is collinear. Another potential point of each of the bridge arms is connected to one end of a battery pack which is independent of each other. The three battery packs are independent of each other, and the three bridge arms are independent of each other, so that the driving circuit has more degrees of freedom. The driving circuit can realize the operation under the failure of the battery, the heating function, the fast charging function and the equalizing function without adding other devices.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请一个实施例提供的一种驱动电路图;FIG. 1 is a diagram of a driving circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请一个实施例提供的一种驱动电路图;FIG. 2 is a diagram of a driving circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请一个实施例提供的一种驱动电路的电压空间矢量图;3 is a voltage space vector diagram of a driving circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车驱动系统图;FIG. 4 is a diagram of an electric vehicle drive system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车驱动系统图;FIG. 5 is a diagram of an electric vehicle drive system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车驱动方法流程图;6 is a flowchart of a method for driving an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车电池加热方法流程图;7 is a flowchart of a method for heating an electric vehicle battery provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图8为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电流电压状态图;FIG. 8 is a current and voltage state diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图9为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车快充及均衡方法流程图;FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for fast charging and equalization of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图10为本申请一个实施例提供的一种充电过程中电流变化图;FIG. 10 is a current change diagram during charging provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图11为本申请一个实施例提供的一种电动汽车充电拓扑图。FIG. 11 is an electric vehicle charging topology diagram according to an embodiment of the present application.
主要元件附图标号说明Main component reference number description
驱动电路100 第二桥臂22 第一控制器50The
供电单元10 第三桥臂23 配电器60
第一电池组11 第二端201 第一充电开关61The first battery pack 11 The
第二电池组12 功率开关器件211 第二充电开关62
第三电池组13 三相电机30 第三充电开关63The
第一端101 电动汽车驱动系统200 第四充电开关64First terminal 101 Electric
电池单元110 电池管理电路40 第五充电开关65battery unit 110
电芯111 检测电路41 第六充电开关66Cell 111
第一旁路开关120 电压检测单元411 充电接口70The
第二旁路开关130 电流检测单元412 第一充电枪口71The
逆变电路20 温度监测单元413 第二充电枪口72
第一桥臂21 第二控制器42 第三充电枪口73The first bridge arm 21 The
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请。但是本申请能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本申请内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本申请不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of the application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
请参见图1,本申请一个实施例提供一种驱动电路100。所述驱动电路100包括供电单元10和逆变电路20。Referring to FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a
所述供电单元10包括第一电池组11、第二电池组12和第三电池组13。所述逆变电路20包括第一桥臂21、第二桥臂22和第三桥臂23。所述第一电池组11的第一电极与所述第一桥臂21的上桥臂母线连接。所述第二电池组12的第一电极与所述第二桥臂22的上桥臂母线连接。所述第三电池组13的第一电极与所述第三桥臂23的上桥臂母线连接。所述第一电池组11的第二电极、所述第二电池组12的第二电极和所述第三电池组13的第二电极共线以形成第一端101。所述第一桥臂21的下桥臂、所述第二桥臂22的下桥臂和所述第三桥臂23的下桥臂共线以形成第二端201。所述第一端101与所述第二端201母线连接。所述第一电池组11具有等效电阻R1。所述第二电池组12具有等效电阻R2。所述第三电池组13具有等效电阻R3。The
本实施例中,所述供电单元10包括三个电池组。每个电池组的一端相互独立。所述每个电池组的另一端与另外两个电池组的另一端共线。所述逆变电路20包括三个桥臂。三个所述桥臂的一个电位点共线。共线的电位点与所述电池组共线的一端相连。每个所述桥臂的另一个电位点连接一个电池组相互独立的一端。所述三个电池组相互独立,三个桥臂相互独立,使得所述驱动电路100具有更多自由度。所述驱动电路100能够在不增加其他器件的基础上实现电池的加热功能、快充功能、均衡功能。In this embodiment, the
请参见图2,在其中一个实施例中,所述供电单元10中的每个电池组包括一个电池单元110和一个第一旁路开关120。Referring to FIG. 2 , in one embodiment, each battery pack in the
一个所述电池单元110和一个所述第一旁路开关120串联连接。所述供电单元10内包括多个电芯111。所述多个电芯111的型号、标称容量可以相同。所述多个电芯111可以平均分成三组。每组中多个电芯111相互连接以形成一个电池单元110。一个所述电池单元110中的所述电芯111的连接方式与另两个所述电池单元110中的所述电芯111的连接方式相同。所述连接方式为多个所述电芯111串联、多个所述电芯111并联后串联、多个所述电芯111并联或多个所述电芯111串联后并联中的一种。One of the battery cells 110 and one of the first bypass switches 120 are connected in series. The
所述第一旁路开关120可以为一个继电器。所述第一旁路开关120还可以为一个继电器与串联的预充继电器、预充电组并联后的开关电路。所述第一旁路开关120为电磁继电器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管或者金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中的一种。The
本实施例中,每个电池组连接一个第一旁路开关120,可以实现对所述每个电池组的单独控制。当其中一个电池组故障时,通过断开与故障电池组连接的第一旁路开关120,可以实现故障电池组与正常电池组的隔离。故障电池组与正常电池组的隔离,避免了由于一个电池组的故障导致整个供电单元10无法工作的问题。In this embodiment, each battery pack is connected to a
在其中一个实施例中,所述驱动电路100还包括第二旁路开关130。In one embodiment, the driving
所述第二旁路开关130电连接于所述第一端101与所述第二端201之间。所述第二旁路开关130可以为一个继电器。所述第二旁路开关130还可以为一个继电器与串联的预充继电器、预充电组并联后的开关电路。所述第二旁路开关130为电磁继电器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管或者金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管中的一种。通过断开所述第二旁路开关130,可以达到断开所述供电单元10与所述逆变电路20的目的。The
在其中一个实施例中,所述逆变电路20中的每个桥臂包括两个串联的功率开关器件211。In one embodiment, each bridge arm in the
所述两个串联的功率开关器件211中的一个功率开关器件211的集电极端与一个电池组的正极母线连接。所述两个串联的功率开关器件211中的另一个功率开关器件211的发射极端与一个电池组的负极母线连接。所述每个桥臂的一个功率开关器件211可以构成一个桥臂的上桥臂。所述每个桥臂的另一个功率开关器件211可以构成一个桥臂的下桥臂。所述桥臂可以为绝缘栅双极型晶体管。所述逆变电路20的三相输出端分别与三相电机30的三相母线W、U、V相连。所述三相电机30可以为三相同步电机。所述三相电机30还可以为三相异步电机。The collector terminal of one power switching device 211 in the two series-connected power switching devices 211 is connected to the positive bus bar of a battery pack. The emitter terminal of the other power switching device 211 in the two series-connected power switching devices 211 is connected to the negative bus bar of one battery pack. One power switch device 211 of each bridge arm may constitute the upper bridge arm of one bridge arm. The other power switch device 211 of each bridge arm may constitute the lower bridge arm of one bridge arm. The bridge arm may be an insulated gate bipolar transistor. The three-phase output ends of the
当第一电池组11的负载电流为I1,第二电池组12的负载电流为I2,第三电池组13的负载电流为I3时,三相独立桥臂的电压分别为u1、u2、u3。所述u1、所述u2以及所述u3满足如下公式:When the load current of the first battery pack 11 is I 1 , the load current of the
u1=E1-I1R1 u 1 =E 1 -I 1 R 1
u2=E2-I2R2 u 2 =E 2 -I 2 R 2
u3=E3-I3R3 公式组(1)u 3 =E 3 -I 3 R 3 formula group (1)
在控制过程中,所述逆变电路20的每一桥在任意时刻仅有一个开关导通。可以通过三维向量来表征所述逆变电路20状态。将所述第一桥臂21的下桥臂导通,所述第二桥臂22的下桥臂导通,所述第三桥臂23的上桥臂导通记为U1(001)。以此类推可得到U0(000)、U1(001)、U2(010)、U3(011)、U4(100)、U5(101)、U6(110)、U7(111)。由于所述逆变电路20的三个桥臂的电压相互独立,因此所述驱动电路100在不同桥臂开关状态下的电压矢量表如下表1所示。During the control process, only one switch of each bridge of the
表1驱动电路在不同桥臂开关状态下的电压矢量表Table 1 The voltage vector table of the driving circuit under different switching states of the bridge arms
在本实施例中的电压空间矢量图中,八种桥臂开关状态对应六种电压输出空间矢量、一种零空间向量U0、一种由于各电池组差异空间矢量产生的空间矢量U7。其中基本矢量U4(100)仅受电压u1影响,基本矢量U2(010)仅受电压u2影响,基本矢量U1(001)仅受电压u3影响;基本矢量U6(110)受电压u1、u2影响,基本矢量U3(011)受电压u2、u3影响,基本矢量U5(101)受电压u1、u3影响。In the voltage space vector diagram in this embodiment, the eight bridge arm switching states correspond to six voltage output space vectors, a null space vector U 0 , and a space vector U 7 generated due to the difference space vector of each battery pack. The fundamental vector U 4 (100) is only affected by the voltage u 1 , the fundamental vector U 2 (010) is only affected by the voltage u 2 , and the fundamental vector U 1 (001) is only affected by the voltage u 3 ; the fundamental vector U 6 (110) Affected by the voltages u 1 , u 2 , the fundamental vector U 3 (011) is affected by the voltages u 2 , u 3 , and the fundamental vector U 5 (101) is affected by the voltages u 1 , u 3 .
当向量U6(110)幅值大于向量U4(100)幅值,并需要合成电动汽车目标驱动电压矢量时,为了确保所述电动车进行均衡驱动,即为了确保所述电动汽车启动的同时可以均衡电池电量,可以延长基本电压矢量U6(110)合成目标驱动矢量的作用时间。即需要合成电动汽车目标驱动电压矢量时,让电量较高的子电池组输出更多能量。当向量U6(110)幅值大于向量U4(100)幅值,并需要合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时,可以延长基本电压矢量U4(100)合成目标驱动矢量的作用时间,即合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时。让当前电量较低的子电池组吸收更多能量。当电动汽车出现第一电池组11失效这一严重故障时,基本矢量U2(010),U1(001),U3(011),U0(000)不受影响。可通过U2(010)、U1(001)、U3(011)或U0(000)中的一个功率器件开关组合继续合成目标矢量,确保电动汽车动力不中断,并具备跛行回家的功能。当所述电池组间需要电量均衡时,可以利用空间矢量U7进行充放电,进而均衡各电池组间的电量。When the magnitude of the vector U 6 (110) is greater than the magnitude of the vector U 4 (100) and the target driving voltage vector of the electric vehicle needs to be synthesized, in order to ensure that the electric vehicle performs balanced driving, that is, to ensure that the electric vehicle starts at the same time The battery power can be balanced, and the action time of the basic voltage vector U 6 (110) synthesizing the target driving vector can be extended. That is, when it is necessary to synthesize the target driving voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the sub-battery group with higher power can output more energy. When the magnitude of the vector U 6 (110) is greater than the magnitude of the vector U 4 (100), and the electric vehicle target braking voltage vector needs to be synthesized, the action time of the basic voltage vector U 4 (100) to synthesize the target driving vector can be extended, that is, When synthesizing the EV target braking voltage vector. Allows sub-battery packs that are currently less charged to absorb more energy. When the electric vehicle has a serious fault that the first battery pack 11 fails, the basic vectors U 2 (010), U 1 (001), U 3 (011), and U 0 (000) are not affected. The target vector can be continuously synthesized through a combination of power device switches in U 2 (010), U 1 (001), U 3 (011) or U 0 (000) to ensure that the power of the electric vehicle is not interrupted and has the ability to limp home. Function. When power balance between the battery groups is required, the space vector U 7 can be used to charge and discharge, so as to balance the power among the battery groups.
请参见图4,本申请一个实施例提供一种电动汽车驱动系统200。所述电动汽车驱动系统200包括驱动电路100、电池管理电路40和第一控制器50。Referring to FIG. 4 , an embodiment of the present application provides an electric
所述电池管理电路40与所述驱动电路100电连接。所述第一控制器50与所述驱动电路100电连接。本实施例中的所述驱动电路100与上述实施例中的所述驱动电路100的驱动方式相似,此处不再赘述。所述电池管理电路40用于检测所述供电单元10的荷电状态和所述供电单元10的工作状态。所述电池管理电路40还用于对所述供电单元10进行管控。例如,所述电池管理电路40可以控制所述供电单元10中的所述第一旁路开关120和所述第二旁路开关130的开闭。所述第一控制器50用于控制所述逆变电路20固定导通功率开关器件211组合。所述电池管理电路40与所述第一控制器50之间通过隔离信号电路连接。The
本实施例中,所述电动汽车驱动系统200包括驱动电路100、电池管理电路40和第一控制器50。所述驱动电路100中的所述供电单元10包括三个电池组。每个电池组的一端相互独立。所述每个电池组的另一端与另外两个电池组的另一端共线。所述逆变电路20包括三个桥臂。三个所述桥臂的一个电位点共线。共线的电位点与所述电池组共线的一端相连。每个所述桥臂的另一个电位点连接一个电池组相互独立的一端。所述三个电池组相互独立,三个桥臂相互独立,使得所述驱动电路100具有更多自由度。所述电动汽车驱动系统200能够在不增加其他器件的基础上实现电动汽车电池的加热功能、快充功能、均衡功能。In this embodiment, the electric
请参见图5,在其中一个实施例中,所述电动车具有控制中心。所述电池管理电路40包括检测电路41和第二控制器42。Referring to FIG. 5 , in one embodiment, the electric vehicle has a control center. The
所述检测电路41包括电压检测单元411、电流检测单元412和温度检测单元413,所述电压检测单元411、所述电流检测单元412和所述温度检测单元413分别与所述供电单元10电连接。所述第二控制器42与所述供电单元10电连接。The
所述检测电路41将检测到的电压、电流以及温度信号上报给所述电动汽车的控制中心。所述控制中心根据接收到的所述信号,通过所述第一控制器50和所述第二控制器42对所述驱动电路100驱动、制动、加热以及均衡进行控制。The
请参见图6,本申请一个实施例中基于上述电动汽车驱动系统200提供一种电动汽车驱动方法。采用如上述实施例中任一项所述的电动汽车驱动系统200实现电动汽车驱动方法,所述驱动方法包括:Referring to FIG. 6 , an embodiment of the present application provides a method for driving an electric vehicle based on the above-mentioned electric
S10,所述电池管理电路40检测所述供电单元10是否处于正常供电状态。S10, the
步骤S10中,所述第一电池组11具有等效电阻R1。所述第二电池组12具有等效电阻R2。所述第三电池组13具有等效电阻R3。所述供电单元10内包括多个电芯111。所述多个电芯111的型号、标称容量可以相同。所述多个电芯111可以平均分成三组。每组中多个电芯111相互连接以形成一个电池单元110。一个所述电池单元110中的所述电芯111的连接方式相同与另两个所述电池单元110中的所述电芯111的连接方式相同。所述连接方式为多个所述电芯111串联、多个所述电芯111并联后串联、多个所述电芯111并联或多个所述电芯111串联后并联中的一种。In step S10, the first battery pack 11 has an equivalent resistance R1. The
S20,若所述第一电池组11、所述第二电池组12和所述第三电池组13均处于正常供电状态时,所述电池管理电路40依次检测所述第一电池组11、所述第二电池组12和所述第三电池组13的电量状态,确定最高电量电池组和最低电量电池组。S20, if the first battery pack 11, the
步骤S20中,所述电池管理电路40包括检测电路和判断单元。所述检测电路用于检测所述每个电池组的电压、电流、电量以及温度。In step S20, the
S30,当电动汽车处于启动状态或处于行驶状态时,通过所述第一控制器50控制与所述最高电量电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通的时间大于与所述最低电量电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通的时间,以控制所述最高电量电池组输出电量的时间大于所述最低电量电池组输出电量的时间,进而合成驱动电压,确保所述电动汽车进行均衡驱动。S30, when the electric vehicle is in a starting state or in a running state, the
步骤S30中,当向量U6(110)幅值大于向量U4(100)幅值,并需要合成电动汽车目标驱动电压矢量时,可以延长基本电压矢量U6(110)合成目标驱动矢量的作用时间。In step S30, when the magnitude of the vector U 6 (110) is greater than the magnitude of the vector U 4 (100) and it is necessary to synthesize the target driving voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the function of the basic voltage vector U 6 (110) to synthesize the target driving vector can be extended. time.
本实施例中,采用所述的电动汽车驱动系统200实现电动汽车驱动方法。所述电动汽车驱动方法可以确保所述电动汽车启动或行驶过程中,可以均衡所述供电单元10中的三个电池组的电量。In this embodiment, the electric
在其中一个实施例中,所述S10,所述电池管理电路40检测所述供电单元10是否处于正常供电状态的步骤包括:In one embodiment, in S10, the step of detecting whether the
所述电池管理电路40检测并判断所述供电单元10的输出电压是否大于等于故障阈值电压。若所述输出电压大于等于所述故障阈值电压,则所述供电单元10处于正常供电状态。所述故障阈值电压可以为所述电池管理电路40中的存储的故障阈值电压。The
在另一个实施例中,所述S10,所述电池管理电路40检测所述供电单元10是否处于正常供电状态,所述供电单元10包括第一电池组11、第二电池组12和第三电池组13的步骤包括:In another embodiment, in S10, the
所述电池管理电路40检测并判断所述供电单元10的电芯温度是否小于故障阈值温度。若所述电芯温度小于所述故障阈值温度,则所述供电单元10处于正常供电状态。所述故障阈值温度可以为所述电池管理电路40中的存储的故障阈值温度。The
本实施例中,所述供电单元10发生故障时,可能会引起输出电压、输出电流以及电芯温度的变化。因此,通过检测所述供电单元10的输出电压或通过检测所述供电单元10的电芯温度,可以检测所述供电单元10是否处于正常供电状态。还可以通过检测所述供电单元10的输出电流,检测所述供电单元10是否处于正常供电状态。In this embodiment, when the
在其中一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:In one embodiment, the method further includes:
若所述输出电压小于所述故障阈值电压,或所述电芯温度大于等于所述故障阈值温度,则所述供电单元10处于非正常供电状态。当所述供电单元10处于非正常供电状态时,所述电池管理电路40通过检测每个电池组的输出电压或每个电池组的温度,以确定所述每个电池组是否处于正常供电状态。当一个电池组处于非正常供电状态时,控制正常供电的电池组合成驱动电压,以确保所述电动汽车具有跛行回家功能。If the output voltage is less than the fault threshold voltage, or the cell temperature is greater than or equal to the fault threshold temperature, the
在一个可选实施例中,当电动汽车出现第一电池组11失效这一严重故障时,基本矢量U2(010),U1(001),U3(011),U0(000)不受影响。可通过U2(010)、U1(001)、U3(011)或U0(000)中的一个开关组合继续合成目标矢量,确保电动汽车动力不中断,并具备跛行回家的功能。In an optional embodiment, when the electric vehicle has a serious fault such as the failure of the first battery pack 11, the basic vectors U 2 (010), U 1 (001), U 3 (011), and U 0 (000) do not Affected. The target vector can be continuously synthesized through a switch combination of U 2 (010), U 1 (001), U 3 (011) or U 0 (000) to ensure that the power of the electric vehicle is not interrupted, and it has the function of limp home.
本实施例中,当所述电动汽车动力系统出现严重故障时(如一个电池组发生失效),可以采用未受故障影响的基本电压矢量合成目标驱动/制动电压矢量,确保电动汽车动力不中断,并具备跛行回家的功能。In this embodiment, when a serious fault occurs in the electric vehicle power system (for example, a battery pack fails), the target driving/braking voltage vector can be synthesized by using the basic voltage vector that is not affected by the fault to ensure that the power of the electric vehicle is not interrupted , and has the function of limp home.
在其中一个实施例中,所述方法还包括:In one embodiment, the method further includes:
当确定最高电量电池组和最低电量电池组,并且所述电动汽车处于制动状态。所述第一控制器50控制与所述最高电量电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通的时间小于等于与所述最低电量电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通的时间。所述第一控制器50用于控制所述最低电量的电池组吸收电量时间大于所述最高电量的电池组吸收电量时间,进而确保所述电动汽车进行均衡制动。When the highest battery pack and the lowest battery pack are determined, and the electric vehicle is in a braking state. The
在一个可选实施例中,向量U6(110)幅值大于向量U4(100)幅值。需要合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时,可以延长基本电压矢量U4(100)合成目标制动矢量的作用时间。即合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时,让当前电量较低的子电池组吸收更多能量。In an alternative embodiment, the magnitude of vector U 6 (110) is greater than the magnitude of vector U 4 (100). When it is necessary to synthesize the target braking voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the action time of the synthetic target braking vector of the basic voltage vector U 4 (100) can be extended. That is, when synthesizing the target braking voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the sub-battery group with lower current capacity can absorb more energy.
本实施例中,合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时,提高幅值较小的基本电压矢量的作用时间,可以在保证所述电动汽车制动的情况下,让当前电量较低的子电池组吸收更多能量。In this embodiment, when synthesizing the target braking voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the action time of the basic voltage vector with a smaller amplitude is increased, so that the sub-battery pack with a lower current capacity can be made to ensure the braking of the electric vehicle. absorb more energy.
请参见图7,本申请一个实施例中提供一种电动汽车电池加热方法。采用电动汽车驱动系统200实现所述电动汽车电池加热方法。Referring to FIG. 7 , an embodiment of the present application provides a method for heating an electric vehicle battery. The electric vehicle battery heating method is implemented by using the electric
所述电动汽车驱动系统200包括驱动电路100、与所述驱动电路100电连接的电池管理电路40以及与所述驱动电路100电连接的第一控制器50。The electric
所述驱动电路100包括通过母线连接的供电单元10、逆变电路20以及三相电机30。所述供电单元10包括三个电池组。所述逆变电路20包括三个桥臂。每一个电池组的正极与一个桥臂的上桥臂母线连接。所述三个电池组的负极共线后,与所述三个桥臂的下桥臂母线连接。所述三相电机30的每一相母线连接一个所述桥臂的输出端。The driving
所述电池加热方法包括:The battery heating method includes:
所述电动汽车启动前,通过所述电池管理电路40判断所述电动汽车是否需要进行电池加热。当确认所述电动汽车需要进行电池加热后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述供电单元10向所述三相电机30充电,所述三相电机30存储电量。Before the electric vehicle starts, the
当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温。When the power in the three-
所述电池加热方法包括任意两个所述电池组之间的能量相互转移。所述电池加热方法还包括三个所述电池组之间的能量相互转移。在能量转移过程中,所述电池组在三相电机的线圈中储存的能量未发生耗散。所述电池组在所述三相电机30的线圈中储存的能量可以转移到另一个所述电池组中。即所述供电单元10输出的功率仅有极少在线组上消耗,其余功率都回到所述供电单元10中。所述供电单元10在能量转移过程中,由于所述电池组自身极化,在电芯内部会产生热量,该热量可以用于加热电池。The battery heating method includes the mutual transfer of energy between any two of the battery packs. The battery heating method further includes mutual transfer of energy among the three battery packs. During the energy transfer process, the energy stored by the battery pack in the coils of the three-phase motor is not dissipated. The energy stored by the battery pack in the coils of the three-
为实现上述能量转移,所述功率开关器件211先后接通和关闭。所述功率开关器件211开关状态在上述开关状态U0(000)、U1(001)、U2(010)、U3(011)、U4(100)、U5(101)、U6(110)、U7(111)中切换。所述切换方法可以是四种开关状态step1、step2、step3、step4的按时序切换构成循环。所述循环可以为step1→step2→step3→step4→step1。所述循环还可以为step1→step4→step3→step2→step1。所述的四种开关状态组合基本途径可以如表2所示。In order to realize the above energy transfer, the power switching device 211 is turned on and off successively. The switching states of the power switching device 211 are in the aforementioned switching states U0 (000), U1 (001), U2 (010), U3 (011), U4 (100), U5 (101), U6 (110), U7 (111) ) to switch. The switching method may be four switch states, step1, step2, step3, and step4, which are switched according to time sequence to form a cycle. The loop may be step1→step2→step3→step4→step1. The cycle may also be step1→step4→step3→step2→step1. The basic approach of the four switch state combinations can be shown in Table 2.
表2四种开关状态组合基本途径Table 2 Basic ways of four switch state combinations
所述的切换方法可以通过上述的一种基本途径实现能量转移。所述的切换方法还可以通过上述两种或多种基本途径的组合。所述基本途径的组合方法包括在一种基本途径中的某个step直接切换到另一途径中相同开关状态的step。在一个可选的实施例中,所述基本途径的组合方法可以为U4→U6→U2→U0→U4。图8为在这一开关组合下的电流电压状态图。图8中,通过控制所述逆变电路20的开关组合及开关时间,可以将方形的线电压施加到所述三相电机30的电感上。所述线电压下的线电流为近似三角波的形式。The switching method can realize energy transfer through one of the above-mentioned basic ways. The switching method can also be a combination of two or more of the above-mentioned basic approaches. The combinatorial approach of the elementary pathways involves direct switching of a certain step in one elementary pathway to a step of the same switch state in another pathway. In an optional embodiment, the combination method of the basic pathways may be U 4 →U 6 →U 2 →U 0 →U 4 . Figure 8 is a current-voltage state diagram under this switch combination. In FIG. 8 , by controlling the switching combination and switching time of the
在一个可选的实施例中,每个电池组采用电池技术参数电压400V、容量42Ah、能量16.8kWh、重量67kg、比热容1300J/(kg*℃)、内阻132mΩ(25℃)396mΩ(0℃)1188mΩ(-20℃)。所述三相电机30采用电机技术参数额定功率60kW,额定直流母线电压400V,额定电流115A,峰值电流230A,线电阻15.4mΩ,线电感1.44mH。In an optional embodiment, each battery pack adopts battery technical parameters: voltage 400V, capacity 42Ah, energy 16.8kWh, weight 67kg, specific heat capacity 1300J/(kg*°C), internal resistance 132mΩ (25°C) 396mΩ (0°C) ) 1188mΩ(-20℃). The three-
在上述技术参数下,通过所述电池加热方法进行的电池加热温升速率为14.4℃/min(-20℃)、4.8℃/min(0℃)、1.6℃/min(25℃)。Under the above technical parameters, the battery heating temperature rise rate by the battery heating method is 14.4°C/min (-20°C), 4.8°C/min (0°C), and 1.6°C/min (25°C).
本实施例中,所述电池加热方法通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20的三个桥臂的开闭,以完成对所述三相电机30的反复驱动、制动。所述三相电机30的反复驱动、制动实现了所述供电单元10的能量输出和能量回收。进而通过所述供电单元10自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10的电池可控升温。所述逆变电路20中的功率开关器件211的最大工作电流和所述三相电机30的最大工作电流较高。所述电池加热方法可以实现大功率加热,有效提高了加热效率。所述功率开关器件211作为控制元件,所述三相电机30作为储能元件。电池加热过程中无需添加专门的加热元件,因而减少了电动汽车动力系统成本。In this embodiment, the battery heating method controls the opening and closing of the three bridge arms of the
在其中一个实施例中,所述当确认所述电动汽车需要进行电池加热后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述供电单元10向所述三相电机30充电,所述三相电机30存储电量的步骤包括:In one of the embodiments, after it is confirmed that the electric vehicle needs to be heated by the battery, the
通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20中的至少一个桥臂的上桥臂导通。并通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中的至少一个桥臂的下桥臂导通,以使与所述上桥臂导通的桥臂连接的电池组向所述三相电机30充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述供电单元10中至少一个电池组的放电。The upper bridge arm of at least one bridge arm in the
在其中一个实施例中,所述当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温的步骤包括:In one of the embodiments, when the electricity in the three-
通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20中的至少一个桥臂的上桥臂导通。并通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中至少一个桥臂的下桥臂导通,以使所述三相电机30向与所述上桥臂导通的桥臂连接的电池组充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10中至少一个电池组的充电。The upper bridge arm of at least one bridge arm in the
在其中一个实施例中,所述当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温的步骤包括:In one of the embodiments, when the electricity in the three-
通过所述第一控制器50控制与放电的电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂断开,与放电的电池组连接的桥臂的下桥臂导通。并通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中的至少一个桥臂的上桥臂导通,以使所述三相电机30向与所述上桥臂导通的桥臂连接的电池组充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述三相电机30向除所述放电电池组外的所述供电单元10中至少一个电池组的充电。The
在其中一个实施例中,所述当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温的步骤包括:In one of the embodiments, when the electricity in the three-
通过所述第一控制器50控制与放电的电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通,并通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中至少一个桥臂的下桥臂导通,以使所述三相电机30向与所述放电的电池组充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述三相电机30向除所述放电电池组充电。The upper bridge arm of the bridge arm connected to the discharged battery pack is controlled to be turned on by the
在其中一个实施例中,所述当确认所述电动汽车需要进行电池加热后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述供电单元10向所述三相电机30充电,所述三相电机30存储电量的步骤还包括:In one of the embodiments, after it is confirmed that the electric vehicle needs to be heated by the battery, the
通过所述电池管理电路40依次检测所述三个电池组的电量状态,确定最高电量电池组和最低电量电池组。通过所述第一控制器50控制与所述最高电量的电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通,并控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中的至少一个桥臂的下桥臂导通,以使所述最高电量的电池组向所述三相电机30充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述供电单元10中最高电量电池组的放电。所述电池加热方法在加热所述电池组的同时也实现了所述电池组之间的电量均衡。The
在其中一个实施例中,所述当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温的步骤包括:In one of the embodiments, when the electricity in the three-
当所述三相电机30完成充电后,通过所述第一控制器50控制与所述最低电量的电池组连接的桥臂的上桥臂导通,并控制所述逆变电路20剩余桥臂中的至少一个桥臂的下桥臂导通,以使所述三相电机30向所述最低电量的电池组充电。本实施例中,通过所述逆变电路20实现了所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10中最低电量电池组的充电。所述电池加热方法在加热所述电池组的同时也实现了所述电池组之间的电量均衡。After the three-
在其中一个实施例中,所述电动汽车启动前,通过所述电池管理电路40判断所述电动汽车是否需要进行电池加热的步骤包括:In one embodiment, before the electric vehicle is started, the step of judging whether the electric vehicle needs to be heated by the
通过所述电池管理电路40检测所述供电单元10的电芯温度是否小于驱动阈值温度。当所述电芯温度小于所述驱动阈值温度时,则确认所述电动汽车需要进行电池加热。当所述电芯温度大于等于所述驱动阈值温度时,所述电动汽车正常启动。Whether the temperature of the cells of the
在其中一个实施例中,所述当所述三相电机30中的电量达到存储阈值后,通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20,以使所述三相电机30向所述供电单元10充电,所述供电单元10在充电和放电过程中自身发生极化,从而实现所述供电单元10中每个电池组的可控升温的步骤之后还包括:In one of the embodiments, when the electricity in the three-
通过所述电池管理电路40检测所述供电单元10的电芯温度是否小于驱动阈值温度。当所述电芯温度小于所述驱动阈值温度时,则确认所述电动汽车需要继续进行电池加热。当所述电芯温度大于等于所述驱动阈值温度时,所述电动汽车正常启动。Whether the temperature of the cells of the
请参见图9,本申请一个实施例中基于上述电动汽车驱动系统提供一种电动汽车控制方法。所述电动汽车控制方法包括首先通过充电拓扑电路实现所述电动汽车与现有基础充电设施和车载器件相兼容的大功率充电。充电结束后,检测每个电池组之间的电量差异。若所述每个电池组之间无电量差异或每个电池组之间的电量差异小于等于电量均衡阈值,所述电动汽车可直接等待驾驶员启动进入正常行驶模式。若所述每个电池组之间电量差异大于电量均衡阈值,则需要进行电量均衡。Referring to FIG. 9 , an embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle control method based on the above electric vehicle drive system. The electric vehicle control method includes first realizing high-power charging of the electric vehicle, which is compatible with existing basic charging facilities and on-board devices, through a charging topology circuit. After charging is complete, detect the difference in charge between each battery pack. If there is no power difference between the battery packs or the power difference between the battery packs is less than or equal to the power balance threshold, the electric vehicle can directly wait for the driver to start to enter the normal driving mode. If the power difference between the battery packs is greater than the power balance threshold, power balance needs to be performed.
当所述电动汽车完成充电或在使用过程中,通过所述电池管理电路40依次检测所述三个电池组的电量状态,确定最高电量电池组和最低电量电池组。通过所述电池管理电路40判断所述最高电量电池组和所述最低电量电池组之间的电量差值是否大于电量均衡阈值。若所述电量差值大于电量均衡阈值,则通过驻车均衡方式或行车均衡方式均衡所述供电单元10中每个电池组的电量,以使所述电量差异小于等于所述电量均衡阈值。所述电量均衡阈值存储于所述电池管理电路40的存储单元中。When the electric vehicle completes charging or is in use, the
本实施例中,所述控制方法通过所述电池管理电路40确定最高电量电池组和最低电量电池组。并所述控制方法通过所述电池管理电路40判断是否需要进行电量均衡。当需要进行电量均衡时,通过驻车均衡方式或行车均衡方式均衡所述电动汽车电量。所述驻车均衡方式或所述行车均衡方式均通过所述第一控制器50控制所述逆变电路20的三个桥臂的开闭,以实现三个电池组之间的能量输出和能量回收,避免了能源浪费问题。所述控制方法在均衡过程中无需添加专门的储能元器件,因而减少了电动汽车动力系统成本。In this embodiment, the control method uses the
所述电量均衡方法还包括检测是否有时间进行驻车工况下的均衡。若无时间进行所述驻车工况下的电量均衡,则所述电动汽车直接等待启动。如有时间进行所述驻车下的电量均衡,则需要计算驻车均衡电流I0,若所述驻车均衡电流I0小于所述驱动电路100中允许的电流阈值Imax,则采用电感短接均衡。若驻车下均衡电流I0大于所述驱动电路100中允许的电流阈值Imax,则采用电量转移均衡。The battery balancing method further includes detecting whether there is time to perform balancing under parking conditions. If there is no time to perform the power balance under the parking condition, the electric vehicle directly waits for starting. If there is time to perform the power balancing under parking, the parking balancing current I 0 needs to be calculated. If the parking balancing current I 0 is less than the allowable current threshold I max in the
所述驻车情况下的电池组均衡方法在所述电动汽车具有足够的驻车时间下使用。所述驻车下均衡电流I0的计算公式为:The battery balancing method in the parking situation is used when the electric vehicle has sufficient parking time. The calculation formula of the equilibrium current I 0 under parking is:
I0=(Emax-Emin)/Rtotal 公式(2)I 0 =(E max -E min )/R total formula (2)
其中,Emax和Emin分别为所述最高电量的电池组初始开路电压和所述最低电量的电池组初始开路电压;Rtotal为所述最高电量的电池组电阻、所述最低电量的电池组电阻、导线线阻以及所述三相电机(30)线阻之和。Wherein, E max and E min are the initial open circuit voltage of the battery pack with the highest capacity and the initial open circuit voltage of the battery pack with the lowest capacity, respectively; R total is the resistance of the battery pack with the highest capacity, the battery pack with the lowest capacity The sum of the resistance, the wire resistance and the wire resistance of the three-phase motor (30).
所述电感短接均衡方法包括直接闭合与需要均衡的电池组连接的所述桥臂的上桥臂的功率开关器件211。此时,最高电量的电池组放电,电流流经所述桥臂的上桥臂的功率开关器件211和所述三相电机30的电感,向最低电量的电池组充电。随着均衡过程,电流逐渐减小实现对电池的均衡。充电过程满足方程:The inductance short-circuit equalization method includes directly closing the power switching device 211 of the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm connected to the battery pack to be equalized. At this time, the battery pack with the highest capacity is discharged, and the current flows through the power switching device 211 of the upper arm of the bridge arm and the inductance of the three-
其中,Emax Emin分别为最高电量电池组初始开路电压、最低电量电池组初始开路电压。emax(t)、emin(t)分别为最高电量电池组实时开路电压、最低电量电池组实时开路电压。i(t)为实时电流。Rtotal为最高电量电池组电阻、最低电量电池组电阻、导线线阻,电机线阻之和。L为回路电感。为开路电压随电量变化的变化速率。Among them, E max E min are respectively the initial open circuit voltage of the battery pack with the highest capacity and the initial open circuit voltage of the battery pack with the lowest capacity. e max (t) and e min (t) are the real-time open-circuit voltage of the battery pack with the highest capacity and the real-time open-circuit voltage of the battery pack with the lowest capacity, respectively. i(t) is the real-time current. R total is the sum of the highest battery pack resistance, the lowest battery pack resistance, the wire resistance, and the motor wire resistance. L is the loop inductance. is the rate of change of the open-circuit voltage with the change in power.
在本实施例的一种情况中,所述电动汽车具有足够的驻车时间,且所述驻车下均衡电流I0小于所述驱动电路100中允许的电流阈值Imax。所述的电感短接均衡方法需要均衡所述第一电池组11和所述第二电池组12的电量差异。均衡过程中可以直接闭合所述第一桥臂21的上桥臂和所述第二桥臂22的上桥臂。此时,电压高的所述第一电池组11放电,电流流经所述第一桥臂21的上桥臂和所述第二桥臂22的上桥臂和所述三相电机30,向电压低的所述第二电池组12充电。充电过程的电流变化如附图10所示。In one case of this embodiment, the electric vehicle has sufficient parking time, and the equilibrium current I 0 under parking is less than the current threshold I max allowed in the
所述电量转移均衡包括闭合与电量高的电池组连接的所述桥臂的上桥臂和与电量低的电池组连接的所述桥臂的下桥臂。此时,电量高电池组为所述三相电机30充电。当电感电流达到最大允许电流前,关断电量高的电池组连接的所述桥臂的上桥臂,闭合电量高的电池组连接的所述桥臂的下桥臂。关断电量低的电池组连接的所述桥臂的下桥臂,闭合电量低的电池组连接的所述桥臂的上桥臂。此时所述三相电机30为所述电量低的电池组充电。电感放电结束后,关断电量低的电池组连接的所述三相电机30上桥臂,闭合电量低的电池组连接的所述三相电机30下桥臂。上述步骤不断循环,直至电量高电池组与电量低电池组的电量差异小于等于所述电量均衡阈值。The power transfer equalization includes closing the upper bridge arm of the bridge arm connected to the battery pack with high power and the lower bridge arm of the bridge arm connected to the battery pack with low power. At this time, the high-power battery pack charges the three-
所述的驱动/制动情况下的电池组均衡方法包括,通过矢量控制的方法由附图3所示的基本电压空间矢量合成目标驱动电压矢量。合成电动汽车目标驱动电压矢量时,提高幅值较大的基本电压矢量的作用时间,即让当前电量较高的子电池组输出更多能量。合成电动汽车目标制动电压矢量时,提高幅值较小的基本电压矢量的作用时间,即让当前电量较低的子电池组吸收更多能量。以上驱动过程不断重复,直至电量高电池组与电量低电池组的电量差异小于等于所述电量均衡阈值。之后,电动汽车进入正常驱动/制动模式。The method for balancing the battery pack under driving/braking conditions includes synthesizing a target driving voltage vector from the basic voltage space vector shown in FIG. 3 through a vector control method. When synthesizing the target driving voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the action time of the basic voltage vector with a larger amplitude is increased, that is, the sub-battery group with a higher current capacity can output more energy. When synthesizing the target braking voltage vector of the electric vehicle, the action time of the basic voltage vector with a smaller amplitude is increased, that is, the sub-battery group with a lower current capacity can absorb more energy. The above driving process is repeated continuously until the power difference between the high-power battery pack and the low-power battery pack is less than or equal to the power balance threshold. After that, the electric vehicle enters the normal drive/brake mode.
当所述电动汽车不进行所述驻车均衡或所述驻车均衡结束后,所述电动汽车等待启动。当所述电动汽车启动后,需要根据所述每个电池组之间的电量差异判断是否需要进行行车均衡。如果所述电量差异大于电量均衡阈值则进行所述行车均衡。所述行车均衡进一步包括驱动过程均衡和放电过程均衡。直到判断所述电量差异小于等于所述电量均衡阈值时,所述电动汽车进入正常驱动模式。When the electric vehicle does not perform the parking equalization or the parking equalization is completed, the electric vehicle waits to start. After the electric vehicle is started, it is necessary to judge whether the driving balance needs to be performed according to the difference in electric power between the battery packs. The driving balance is performed if the power difference is greater than a power balance threshold. The driving balance further includes a drive process balance and a discharge process balance. The electric vehicle enters a normal driving mode until it is determined that the difference in electric power is less than or equal to the electric power balancing threshold.
本申请一个实施例提供一种电动汽车充电方法。所述电动汽车充电过程中使用的充电路拓扑如附图11所示。An embodiment of the present application provides a method for charging an electric vehicle. The charging circuit topology used in the charging process of the electric vehicle is shown in FIG. 11 .
所述电路拓扑结构包括供电单元10、配电器60和充电接口70。The circuit topology includes a
所述供电单元10包括第一电池组11、第二电池组12和第三电池组13。所述配电器60包括第一充电开关61、第二充电开关62、第三充电开关63、第四充电开关64、第五充电开关65和第六充电开关66。所述第一电池组11的正极与所述第一充电开关61的一端母线连接。所述第二电池组12的正极与所述第二充电开关62的一端母线连接。所述第三电池组13的正极与所述第三充电开关63的一端母线连接。所述第一电池组11的负极、所述第二电池组12的负极和所述第三电池组13的负极共线,以形成第一端101。所述第一端101分别与所述第四充电开关64的一端、所述第五充电开关65的一端和所述第六充电开关66的一端母线连接。所述充电接口70包括第一充电枪口71、第二充电枪口72和第三充电枪口73。所述第一充电开关61的另一端连接至所述第一充电枪口71的正极。所述第二充电开关62的另一端连接至所述第二充电枪口72的正极。所述第三充电开关63的另一端连接至所述第三充电枪口73的正极。所述第四充电开关64的另一端连接至所述第一充电枪口71的负极。所述第五充电开关65的另一端连接至所述第二充电枪口72的负极。所述第六充电开关66的另一端连接至所述第三充电枪口73的负极。The
所述电动汽车充电方法包括将所述第一充电枪口71、所述第二充电枪口72和所述第三充电枪口73连接至三个充电枪。所述充电枪可以是单个充电桩提供的三个充电枪。所述充电枪还可以是多个充电桩提供的三个充电桩。三个充电枪口连接后,所述第一控制器50控制所述第一充电开关61和所述第四充电开关64闭合。所述电池管理电路40与所述第一充电枪口71连接的充电装置的控制系统建立通讯。完成信息交互后,闭合第一电池组11对应的第一旁路开关120、第二旁路开关130,以实现对所述第一电池组11的充电。所述第一控制器50控制所述第二充电开关62和所述第五充电开关65闭合。所述电池管理电路40与所述第二充电枪口72连接的充电装置的控制系统建立通讯。完成信息交互后,闭合第二电池组12对应的第一旁路开关120、第二旁路开关130,以实现对所述第二电池组12的充电。所述第一控制器50控制所述第三充电开关63和所述第六充电开关66闭合。所述电池管理电路40与所述第三充电枪口73连接的充电装置的控制系统建立通讯。完成信息交互后,闭合第三电池组13对应的第一旁路开关120、第二旁路开关130,以实现对所述第三电池组13的充电。The electric vehicle charging method includes connecting the first
本申请通过上述的拓扑结构和控制方法实现了三个充电枪同时为电池组充电的功能。该充电方法避免了单枪大功率充电时载流能力的限制,提升了电池组总充电电流,实现了与现有充电设施和车载元器件电压等级的兼容。The present application realizes the function of three charging guns charging the battery pack at the same time through the above-mentioned topology structure and control method. The charging method avoids the limitation of the current-carrying capacity during single-gun high-power charging, improves the total charging current of the battery pack, and realizes compatibility with existing charging facilities and the voltage level of on-board components.
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of these technical features, All should be regarded as the scope described in this specification.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-mentioned embodiments only represent several embodiments of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the appended claims.
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CN112770924A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Vehicle thermal management system, driving device and electric automobile |
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CN111391719B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-10-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Energy conversion device and vehicle |
US12132432B2 (en) | 2020-06-04 | 2024-10-29 | Byd Company Limited | Energy conversion device and vehicle |
CN112770924A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Vehicle thermal management system, driving device and electric automobile |
CN112770924B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-04-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Vehicle thermal management system, driving device and electric automobile |
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