CN209981471U - Large-caliber lens antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heavy-calibre lens antenna in the antenna field, heavy-calibre lens antenna include spherical lens, spherical phase difference correction lens and feed group, the spherical lens cavity, the feed be located reverse side sphere center department, the axial of feed keeps unanimous with spherical lens's radial, and phase center in the feed is located spherical lens's centre of sphere, and the feed is supported in spherical lens's centre of sphere department by the support column, perhaps arbitrary direction kicks into spherical lens's electromagnetic wave and the transmission line's that the transmission formed nodical reverse side sphere that constitutes one and spherical lens, and phase center in the feed is located the reverse side sphere. High-gain wide-angle scanning can be realized, and the performance is almost unchanged along with the scanning angle.

Description

Large-caliber lens antenna

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a heavy-calibre lens antenna in the antenna field provides a low-cost implementation mode of high gain, multi-beam, wide angle scanning antenna.

Background

The large-aperture antenna has wide application in the fields of satellite communication, navigation, radio astronomy, radar, radio monitoring and the like.

For implementation, the multi-beam antenna can be divided into three types, namely a phased array antenna, a reflector antenna and a dielectric lens antenna.

The multi-beam phased array antenna utilizes a beam forming network to control the phase of an antenna unit, so that electromagnetic waves meet the condition that the space phase difference and the in-array phase difference are the same in different directions, and a plurality of instantaneous beams with different directions are formed. The direct-injection type multi-beam antenna has the advantages that aperture shielding and scanning leakage do not exist, and wide-angle scanning beams can be formed on radio frequency, intermediate frequency or baseband in an analog or digital mode. Due to the high cost of phased array antennas, the price is often unacceptable when high gain is to be achieved.

The multi-beam reflecting surface antenna adopts a focal plane array to irradiate the reflecting surface, and utilizes the off-focus feed to form a plurality of beams with different directions, but gain loss is brought by the off-focus, so that the distance between the beams of the reflecting surface type multi-beam antenna is very limited.

Similar to the multibeam reflector antenna, the multibeam lens antenna uses a dielectric lens as a directional radiator of electromagnetic waves. The lens antenna has the greatest advantage that the optical system is a rotationally symmetrical sphere, and the direction of a beam can be changed only by moving the feed network without rotating a heavy reflecting system like a reflector antenna. By placing a plurality of feed sources on tracks with different radiuses, a plurality of beams capable of changing directions randomly can be formed, and beam performance reduction caused by feed source deflection and leakage increase does not exist. Therefore, the multi-beam lens antenna has more flexible beam spacing, wider scanning range and more consistent beam performance than the reflector antenna. However, when high gain is achieved, a very bulky dielectric lens is required, resulting in unacceptable efficiency losses due to weight and insertion loss.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to solve wide angle scanning performance and the cost work problem of high-gain multi-beam antenna, provide a heavy-calibre lens antenna.

The utility model adopts the technical proposal that:

a large-caliber lens antenna comprises a spherical lens, a spherical aberration correction lens and a feed source group, wherein the spherical lens is hollow, the feed source is positioned at the center of a reverse spherical surface, and the axial direction of the feed source 2 is consistent with the radial direction of the spherical lens 1;

the phase center in the feed source 2 is positioned at the spherical center 4 of the spherical lens 1, the feed source 2 is supported by a support column 3 at the spherical center 4 of the spherical lens 1,

or

The intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens,

the phase center in the feed 2 is located on the reverse spherical surface.

Further, the spherical lens 1 is made using an anisotropic medium.

Furthermore, the point of the phase center of the feed source group is taken as a concentric circle,

when in use

The phase center in the feed source 2 is positioned at the sphere center 4 of the spherical lens 1, and when the feed source 2 is supported at the sphere center 4 of the spherical lens 1 by the support column 3, the concentric circle coincides with the sphere center 4;

when in use

The intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens, and the concentric circles are superposed with the reverse spherical surface.

Compared with the background art, the utility model has the following advantages:

1. high-gain wide-angle scanning can be realized, and the performance is almost unchanged along with the scanning angle.

2. The position of the feed source can be changed on a small spherical surface, and the required mechanical movement is very small.

3. Because there are few transmit and receive chains, the cost is significantly reduced compared to phased array antennas.

4. Due to the fact that the thickness of the medium is small, performance caused by insertion loss of the medium is obviously reduced compared with that of a lens antenna.

5. There is no shielding of the feed source and the subreflector.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical solution adopted by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, a large-aperture lens antenna includes a spherical lens, a spherical aberration correction lens, and a feed source group, the spherical lens is hollow, the feed source is located at the center of a spherical surface on the reverse side, and the axial direction of the feed source 2 is consistent with the radial direction of the spherical lens 1;

the phase center in the feed 2 is located on a sphere 5 concentric with the center 4 of the spherical lens 1 or with the spherical lens 1.

The phase center in the feed source 2 is positioned at the sphere center 4 of the spherical lens 1, and when the feed source 2 is supported at the sphere center 4 of the spherical lens 1 by the support column 3, the concentric circle coincides with the sphere center 4;

the spherical lens is a lens unit adopted in the prior art, the spherical lens 1 is of a spherical shell structure, and can convert received plane waves into spherical waves which are converged at the spherical center 4 of the spherical lens or are on a spherical surface 5 concentric with the spherical lens 1, and the spherical waves are received by the feed source 2 or are converted into plane waves to be radiated.

The ball lens 1 is made of an anisotropic medium.

The feed source 2 can be composed of a plurality of feed sources with the same or different frequency bands, and the scanning of different beams is realized by changing the positions and the directions of the feed sources.

Example 2

A large-caliber lens antenna comprises a spherical lens, a spherical aberration correction lens and a feed source group, wherein the spherical lens is hollow, the feed source is positioned at the center of a reverse spherical surface, and the axial direction of the feed source 2 is consistent with the radial direction of the spherical lens 1; the intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens,

the phase center in the feed 2 is located on the reverse spherical surface.

The spherical lens is a lens unit adopted in the prior art, the spherical lens 1 is of a spherical shell structure, and can convert received plane waves into spherical waves which are converged at the spherical center 4 of the spherical lens or are on a spherical surface 5 concentric with the spherical lens 1, and the spherical waves are received by the feed source 2 or are converted into plane waves to be radiated.

The ball lens 1 is made of an anisotropic medium.

The feed source 2 can be composed of a plurality of feed sources with the same or different frequency bands, and the scanning of different beams is realized by changing the positions and the directions of the feed sources.

The intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens, and the concentric circles are superposed with the reverse spherical surface.

Claims (3)

1. A large-aperture lens antenna is characterized in that: the large-aperture lens antenna comprises a spherical lens, a spherical aberration correction lens and a feed source group, wherein the spherical lens is hollow, the feed source is positioned in the center of a reverse spherical surface, and the axial direction of the feed source (2) is consistent with the radial direction of the spherical lens (1);

the phase center in the feed source (2) is positioned at the spherical center (4) of the spherical lens (1), the feed source (2) is supported at the spherical center (4) of the spherical lens (1) by a support column (3),

or

The intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens,

the phase center in the feed source (2) is positioned on the reverse spherical surface.

2. A large aperture lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the spherical lens (1) is made of an anisotropic medium.

3. A large aperture lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the point where the phase center of the feed group is located is a concentric circle,

when in use

The phase center in the feed source (2) is positioned at the center (4) of the spherical lens (1), and when the feed source (2) is supported at the center (4) of the spherical lens (1) by the support column (3), the concentric circles are superposed with the center (4);

when in use

The intersection points of transmission lines formed by transmission of electromagnetic waves incident into the spherical lens in any direction form a reverse spherical surface concentric with the spherical lens, and the concentric circles are superposed with the reverse spherical surface.

Images