CN209945552U - Photocell irradiation sensor - Google Patents
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- CN209945552U CN209945552U CN201920997443.0U CN201920997443U CN209945552U CN 209945552 U CN209945552 U CN 209945552U CN 201920997443 U CN201920997443 U CN 201920997443U CN 209945552 U CN209945552 U CN 209945552U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a photocell irradiation sensor, include: the photoelectric cell detection system comprises a photocell selection circuit, a single chip microcomputer electrically connected with the photocell selection circuit, an irradiation sampling circuit, a maximum power tracking circuit, an energy storage circuit and a wireless communication module, wherein the irradiation sampling circuit, the maximum power tracking circuit, the energy storage circuit and the wireless communication module are electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer; the maximum power tracking circuit is also electrically connected with the energy storage circuit. When the photocell selection circuit is connected with the maximum power tracking circuit, the maximum power tracking circuit enables the photocell to work at the maximum power position to output electric energy, and the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit, so that the energy storage circuit can conveniently supply power to other components, and the power supply function of the photocell irradiation sensor is realized; when the photocell selection circuit is connected with the irradiation sampling circuit, the irradiation sampling circuit transmits an irradiation signal to the single chip microcomputer for measurement, so that the irradiation detection function of the photocell irradiation sensor is realized; the wireless communication module sends out the measured irradiation value through a wireless communication mode.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a photovoltaic field especially relates to a photocell irradiation sensor.
Background
The generating capacity of the solar photovoltaic power generation system is influenced by factors such as local solar radiation capacity, temperature and performance of a solar panel, wherein the magnitude of the solar radiation intensity directly influences the magnitude of the generating capacity, and the larger the radiation intensity is, the larger the generating capacity is, and the larger the power is.
The radiation intensity is generally detected by using an irradiation sensor, and the current irradiation sensor needs to transmit an irradiation value through a wired interface, so that certain difficulties are caused to the installation and wiring of the irradiation sensor in a photovoltaic power generation system, namely the problems of inconvenient installation, wiring requirement, difficult maintenance and the like exist when the existing irradiation sensor is used.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a can arrange in a flexible way, non-maintaining photocell irradiation sensor can satisfy the demand that lasts comprehensive monitoring to the irradiation among the intelligent photovoltaic power generation system of present stage. Specifically, the technical scheme of the utility model as follows:
the utility model provides a pair of photocell irradiation sensor, include:
the photoelectric cell detection system comprises a photoelectric cell selection circuit, a single chip microcomputer electrically connected with the photoelectric cell selection circuit, an irradiation sampling circuit, a maximum power tracking circuit, an energy storage circuit and a wireless communication module, wherein the irradiation sampling circuit, the maximum power tracking circuit, the energy storage circuit and the wireless communication module are electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer; the maximum power tracking circuit is also electrically connected with the energy storage circuit; the photocell selection circuit is electrically connected with the irradiation sampling circuit or the maximum power tracking circuit.
Preferably, the photovoltaic cell selection circuit comprises: the silicon photovoltaic cell comprises a silicon photovoltaic cell and a selector switch electrically connected with the silicon photovoltaic cell; and the silicon photocell inputs the output current of the silicon photocell to the irradiation sampling circuit or the maximum power tracking circuit through the selector switch.
Preferably, the irradiation sampling circuit includes: an operational amplifier and a short-circuit current sampling resistor; the positive current of the silicon photocell is input to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded; the negative current of the silicon photocell is input to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier; a short-circuit current sampling resistor is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier; and the output end of the operational amplifier inputs the output short-circuit current to the singlechip.
Preferably, the maximum power tracking circuit includes: the device comprises a driving sub-circuit, a maximum power main circuit and a sampling sub-circuit; the maximum power main circuit is electrically connected with the driving sub-circuit and the sampling sub-circuit respectively.
Preferably, the driving sub-circuit comprises a driving triode, a PWM driving control signal of the single chip microcomputer is input to a base of the driving triode through a resistor, and an emitter of the driving triode is grounded; the collector of the driving triode is electrically connected with the maximum power main circuit to drive the maximum power main circuit;
the maximum power main circuit comprises a circuit switching tube, a filter capacitor, a filter inductor and a freewheeling diode; the base electrode of the circuit switch tube is electrically connected with the collector electrode of the driving triode, the emitting electrode of the circuit switch tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the silicon battery through the change-over switch, and the emitting electrode and the base electrode of the circuit switch tube are electrically connected through a resistor; the collector of the circuit switching tube is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter inductor is electrically connected with the energy storage circuit; one end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected with an emitting electrode of the circuit switch tube, the other end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected with an input end of the fly-wheel diode, the input end of the fly-wheel diode is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the silicon photocell through the change-over switch, and the output end of the fly-wheel diode is electrically connected with a collector electrode of the circuit switch tube;
the sampling sub-circuit comprises a charging current sampling resistor and an operational amplifier; one end of the charging current sampling resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the silicon photocell and the input end of the fly-wheel diode; the other end of the sampling resistor is grounded; the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the fly-wheel diode after passing through a bias resistor, and the other end of the bias resistor is grounded after passing through a capacitor; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded after passing through an amplifying resistor, the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier are electrically connected through another amplifying resistor, and the output end of the operational amplifier serving as a charging current measuring point is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the energy storage circuit comprises a farad capacitor and a voltage-stabilizing power supply chip; the positive end of the farad capacitor is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the negative end of the farad capacitor is grounded; the input end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply chip is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the output end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply chip is used as a power supply output end to supply power to each chip.
Preferably, the wireless communication module performs wireless communication in a LORA communication mode.
Preferably, the wireless communication module comprises a LORA main control chip SX 1276.
Preferably, the single chip microcomputer is an STM32L series single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the single chip microcomputer is of the model STM32L 151.
The utility model discloses at least, include one of following technological effect:
(1) the utility model discloses a photocell irradiation sensor adopts wireless communication module to transmit away the irradiation value that detects, consequently, this photocell irradiation sensor can arrange in a flexible way, solves the problem that the installation is inconvenient needs the wiring. Furthermore, the wireless transmission module can adopt an LoRa chip to carry out wireless transmission, and the use of the silicon photocell for solar irradiation detection is very favorable due to the ultralow power consumption of the LoRa chip. Meanwhile, the LoRa wireless transmission can enable the irradiation sensor to be deployed at will flexibly, and is particularly favorable for application scenes of double-sided photovoltaic modules needing multipoint irradiation monitoring.
(2) The utility model discloses a photocell irradiation sensor installation is simple, need not the fortune dimension, photocell (for example silicon photocell) both can regard as the detection part and can regard as the power supply part again, the device latent energy of silicon photocell is fully excavated in the design that unites two into one, with corresponding circuit cooperation work, make the irradiation sensor of this scheme have self-power ability, can regard as independent individual long-time operation (can long-time field work), can form sensor network with other sensor networking again and carry out comprehensive monitoring to the irradiation condition of photovoltaic power plant and power generation module.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a circuit connection block diagram of an embodiment of the photovoltaic cell irradiation sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the electrical connections of another embodiment of the photovoltaic cell irradiation sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the electrical connections of another embodiment of the photovoltaic cell irradiation sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the photovoltaic cell irradiation sensor of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of pin connections of a single chip microcomputer according to another embodiment of the photovoltaic cell radiation sensor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
For the sake of simplicity, only the parts relevant to the present invention are schematically shown in the drawings, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product. In addition, in order to make the drawings concise and understandable, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are only schematically depicted, or only one of them is labeled. In this document, "one" means not only "only one" but also a case of "more than one".
In order to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
The utility model provides a pair of photocell irradiation sensor, the embodiment is shown in figure 1, include:
the photovoltaic cell tracking system comprises a photovoltaic cell selection circuit 10, a single chip microcomputer 20 electrically connected with the photovoltaic cell selection circuit 10, an irradiation sampling circuit 30 electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer 20, a maximum power tracking circuit 40, an energy storage circuit 50 and a wireless communication module 60; the maximum power tracking circuit 40 is also electrically connected to the tank circuit 50; the photocell selection circuit is electrically connected with the irradiation sampling circuit or the maximum power tracking circuit; wherein:
when the photocell selection circuit 10 is connected with the irradiation sampling circuit 30, the irradiation sampling circuit 30 collects the short-circuit current of the photocell and transmits the short-circuit current to the singlechip 20; the single chip microcomputer 20 can calculate the irradiation value of the photocell according to the short-circuit current and send the irradiation value of the photocell out through the wireless communication module 60;
when the photocell selection circuit 10 is connected with the maximum power tracking circuit 40, the maximum power tracking circuit 40 outputs electric energy at the position where the photocell works at the maximum power point, and the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit 50, so that power can be supplied to each chip conveniently; the maximum power tracking circuit 40 also collects charging current and feeds the charging current back to the single chip microcomputer 20.
Photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells, directly convert sunlight into electricity. Therefore, the photovoltaic cell is characterized by being capable of converting a large amount of light energy absorbed by the earth from solar radiation into electric energy, and is a semiconductor element which generates electromotive force under the irradiation of light. The types of photocells are many, and selenium photocells, silicon photocells, thallium sulfide photocells, silver sulfide photocells and the like are commonly used.
In the above embodiment, the photocell selection circuit 10 is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer 20 to be switched, and the single-chip microcomputer switches the photocell selection circuit to the corresponding circuit according to actual requirements, so as to realize corresponding functions. A photovoltaic cell selection circuit 10 for providing a current for a photovoltaic cell; the photocell current is provided to the maximum power tracking circuit 40 or the irradiation sampling circuit 30, and is controlled according to the selection of the single chip microcomputer 20. Specifically, if the irradiation detection function is to be realized by the photocell irradiation sensor, the single chip microcomputer 20 controls the photocell selection circuit 10 to be connected with the irradiation sampling circuit 30, the photocell selection circuit 10 transmits the current of the photocell to the irradiation sampling circuit 30, the irradiation sampling circuit 30 obtains the short-circuit current of the photocell again, the single chip microcomputer 20 calculates a corresponding irradiation value (the short-circuit current is in direct proportion to irradiation and the irradiation value can be obtained according to the corresponding relation), and finally the calculated irradiation value can be transmitted through the wireless communication module 60, and the irradiation value is transmitted through the wireless communication module 60, so that the irradiation sensor of the scheme can be deployed at will and flexibly, and the scheme is particularly favorable for application scenes of double-sided photovoltaic modules needing multi-point irradiation monitoring; if the photovoltaic cell works in the field, the photovoltaic cell can be selected to perform self-power supply in the irradiation detection interval, specifically, the single chip microcomputer 20 controls the photovoltaic cell selection circuit 10 to be disconnected from the irradiation sampling circuit 30 and to be selectively connected with the maximum power tracking circuit 40, so that the maximum power tracking circuit 40 enables the photovoltaic cell to work at the position of the maximum power point to output electric energy under the control of the driving control signal of the single chip microcomputer 20, and the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit 50, thereby being convenient for supplying power to each chip. The maximum power tracking circuit 40 also collects charging current, processes the charging current and feeds the charging current back to the single chip microcomputer 20, so that the single chip microcomputer 20 can adjust a driving control signal to control the maximum power tracking circuit 40 to track the maximum power of the photocell, and the maximum power tracking circuit outputs direct current to charge the energy storage circuit when the photocell is at the maximum power.
In this embodiment, on one hand, the wireless communication module transmits the irradiation value in a wireless communication manner, so that the irradiation sensor in the scheme can be deployed at will flexibly, and is particularly favorable for application scenarios of a double-sided photovoltaic module requiring multipoint irradiation monitoring. On the other hand, the photocell is used as a detection part and a power supply part, the design of combining the detection part and the power supply part fully excavates the device potential of the photocell, and the photocell is matched with a corresponding circuit to work, so that the radiation sensor has self-power supply capacity, and can work outdoors for a long time.
In another embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiment, the photocell selection circuit 10, as shown in fig. 2, includes: a silicon photocell 11, and a changeover switch K1 electrically connected to the silicon photocell 11; the switch K1 inputs the output current of the silicon photocell 11 to the irradiation sampling circuit 30 or the maximum power tracking circuit 40 according to the channel selection of the single chip microcomputer 20.
The silicon photocell 11 is typically mounted on the upper surface of the radiation sensor with the front surface facing the sun to receive the sunlight. The silicon photocell 11 is connected with a change-over switch K1, and the singlechip 20 controls the change-over switch K1 to switch on or switch off the connection between the silicon photocell 11 and a subsequent circuit according to the 'detection' or 'power supply' function to be realized. That is, the single chip microcomputer 20 guides the silicon photocell 11 to the corresponding circuit through the switch K1 according to whether the irradiation detection or the power supply function is required at present, and is connected to the irradiation sampling circuit 30 when measuring irradiation and is connected to the maximum power tracking circuit 40 when supplying power. Preferably, the switch K1 is selected as a DPDT analog switch MAX 20327.
The maximum power tracking circuit 40, as shown in fig. 3, includes: a driving sub-circuit 41, a maximum power main circuit 42 and a sampling sub-circuit 43; the maximum power main circuit 42 is electrically connected with the driving sub-circuit 41 and the sampling sub-circuit 43 respectively; wherein: the driving sub-circuit 41 drives the maximum power main circuit 42 to work according to a PWM driving signal sent by the singlechip 20; the maximum power main circuit enables the silicon photocell 11 to work at a maximum power point according to the driving signal of the driving sub-circuit, and converts the solar power acquired by the silicon photocell 11 into direct current to charge the energy storage circuit 50; the sampling sub-circuit 43 samples the charging current of the maximum power main circuit (the current for charging the energy storage circuit), amplifies the sampled charging current, and feeds the amplified charging current back to the single chip microcomputer 20.
The maximum power Tracking circuit 40 cooperates with the single chip 20 to work, which is equivalent to a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller, and can detect the generated voltage of the solar panel in real time and track the maximum voltage current Value (VI), so that the system charges the energy storage device with the maximum power output. The output power of the photovoltaic cell is related to the working voltage of the MPPT controller, and only when the MPPT controller works at the most proper voltage, the output power of the photovoltaic cell has a unique maximum value. The MPPT controller can track the maximum power point in the solar panel in real time to exert the maximum efficacy of the solar panel. Through maximum power tracking, more electric quantity can be output, and therefore charging efficiency is improved. Theoretically, a solar power generation system using an MPPT controller would have 50% higher efficiency than the conventional one.
The maximum power tracking circuit 40 detects the main loop dc voltage and output current, and then calculates the output power of the silicon photocell 11 through the single chip microcomputer 20, and realizes tracking of the maximum power point. The single chip microcomputer 20 changes the current by changing the duty ratio of the driving signal, thereby generating the disturbance of the current. Meanwhile, the output current and voltage of the photovoltaic cell will change accordingly, the disturbance direction of the next period is determined by measuring the changes of the output power and voltage of the photovoltaic cell before and after disturbance, when the disturbance direction is correct, the output power of the silicon photovoltaic cell 11 is increased, the next period is continuously disturbed towards the same direction, otherwise, the disturbance is carried out towards the opposite direction, and thus, the disturbance and observation are repeatedly carried out to enable the output of the silicon photovoltaic cell 11 to reach the maximum power point.
The irradiation sampling circuit 30, as shown in fig. 4, includes: an operational amplifier M1 and a short-circuit current sampling resistor Ra; the positive current of the silicon photocell 11 is input to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier M1, and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier M1 is grounded; the negative current of the silicon photocell 11 is input to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier M1; a short-circuit current sampling resistor Ra is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier M1; the output end of the operational amplifier M1 inputs the output short-circuit current to the single chip microcomputer 20.
The operational amplifier M1 and the silicon photocell 11 are connected in such a way that the short-circuit current of the silicon photocell 11 can be exerted, the short-circuit current flows through the short-circuit current sampling resistor Ra, an output voltage proportional to the short-circuit current is obtained at the short-circuit current output point D, the single chip microcomputer 20 obtains a voltage value through AD sampling, the short-circuit current is calculated, the short-circuit current is proportional to the irradiation, and the irradiation value is obtained according to the corresponding relation. Then, the single chip microcomputer 20 transmits the calculated irradiation value through the wireless communication module 60. The operational amplifier M1 can be selected from commercially available operational amplifier models, such as LM324 series operational amplifier, LP339 operational amplifier, LM741 operational amplifier, and the like.
Preferably, the maximum power tracking circuit 40 is specifically shown in fig. 4, wherein the driving sub-circuit includes a driving transistor S1, the PWM driving control signal (P point input) of the single chip microcomputer 20 is input to the base of the driving transistor S1 through a resistor R1, and the emitter of the driving transistor S1 is grounded; the collector of the driving triode S1 is electrically connected with the maximum power main circuit to drive the maximum power main circuit;
the maximum power main circuit comprises a circuit switching tube S2, a filter capacitor C1, a filter inductor L1 and a freewheeling diode Q1; the base electrode of the circuit switching tube S2 is electrically connected with the collector electrode of the driving triode S1, the emitter electrode of the circuit switching tube S2 is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the silicon battery 11 through the change-over switch K1, and the emitter electrode and the base electrode of the circuit switching tube S2 are electrically connected through a resistor R2; the collector of the circuit switch tube S2 is electrically connected to the filter inductor L1, and the other end of the filter inductor L1 is electrically connected to the tank circuit 50; one end of the filter capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the emitter of the circuit switch tube S2, the other end of the filter capacitor C1 is electrically connected with the input end of the freewheeling diode Q1, the input end of the freewheeling diode Q1 is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the silicon photocell 11 through the switch K1, and the output end of the freewheeling diode Q1 is electrically connected with the collector of the circuit switch tube S2;
the sampling sub-circuit comprises a charging current sampling resistor Rb and an operational amplifier M2; one end of the charging current sampling resistor Rb is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the silicon photocell 11 and the input terminal of the freewheeling diode Q1; the other end of the charging current sampling resistor Rb is grounded; the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier M2 is electrically connected with the input end of the freewheeling diode Q1 through a bias resistor R3, and the other end of the bias resistor R3 is grounded through a capacitor C3; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier M2 is grounded through an amplifying resistor R4, the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier M2 are electrically connected through another amplifying resistor R5, and the output end of the operational amplifier M2 is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer 20 as a charging current measuring point F.
The operational amplifier M2 in the present embodiment can be selected from commercially available operational amplifiers, such as LM324 series operational amplifier, LP339 operational amplifier, LM741 operational amplifier, and the like.
The energy storage circuit 50 comprises a farad capacitor CfAnd a voltage-stabilizing power chip LDO; the farad capacitor CfIs electrically connected with the filter inductor L1, and the farad capacitor CfThe negative terminal of the anode is grounded; the input end of the stabilized voltage supply chip LDO is electrically connected with the filter inductor L1, and the output end of the stabilized voltage supply chip LDO is used as a power supply output end to supply power for each chip.
In the present embodiment, electric power is output to the maximum in order to operate the silicon photovoltaic cell 11 at the position of the maximum power point. The maximum power tracking circuit is a dc-to-dc conversion circuit, and the single chip microcomputer 20 measures the charging current at the point F (the point F serves as a charging current measurement point) while adjusting the PWM duty cycle input at the point P, and determines the adjustment direction of the PWM duty cycle of the driving signal input at the point P (the PWM driving control signal input point) according to the magnitude of the charging current. If the current becomes larger, the adjustment is continued, if the current becomes smaller, the adjustment is carried out in the reverse direction, and closed-loop control is formed to keep the charging current and the power to be maximized. The charging current is sampled by a charging current sampling resistor Rb and amplified by an operational amplifier M2, and the output of the operational amplifier is connected to an AD interface of the singlechip 20 to obtain the charging current value through AD sampling. The LDO power supply chip stabilizes voltage output and supplies power to the singlechip 20, the operational amplifier and the like. In this embodiment, the LDO power supply chip may be a voltage stabilization power supply chip commonly used in the market, for example, a TPS763 series voltage stabilization LDO by TI corporation. Preferably, the model TPS76301 LDO chip and the model TPS56300 LDO chip of TI company are adopted.
Preferably, the wireless communication module 60 performs wireless communication by using a LORA communication method. Through wireless communication based on LoRa spread spectrum, MCU transmits the irradiation data. Further, the wireless communication module 60 includes a LORA chip 20SX1276, and the RF frequency can be set according to the frequency allowed in different countries of the world. The silicon photocell 11 is very beneficial for solar irradiation detection due to the ultra-low power consumption of the LoRa. The LoRa wireless transmission can enable the irradiation sensor to be deployed flexibly at will, and is particularly favorable for application scenes of double-sided photovoltaic modules needing multi-point irradiation monitoring.
In the above embodiment, the irradiation sampling circuit 30 is electrically connected to the single chip microcomputer 20, and transmits the irradiation signal to the single chip microcomputer 20 for measurement; the loRa chip is connected with singlechip 20 electricity, and singlechip 20 sends out the irradiation numerical value that measures out through loRa. The maximum power tracking circuit 40 is electrically connected to a tank circuit 50, and the tank circuit 50 supplies power to other components. The maximum power tracking circuit 40 is electrically connected to the energy storage circuit 50, and stores electric energy through the energy storage circuit 50, and the energy storage circuit 50 supplies power to other components.
The single chip microcomputer 20 in any of the above embodiments may adopt an STM32L series single chip microcomputer, preferably, the single chip microcomputer 20 realizes the whole detection, control and communication functions, and adopts an STM32L series ultra-low power consumption single chip microcomputer STM32L151 based on an ARM Cortex-M3 kernel, which is suitable for the application occasion of battery power supply, and the schematic connection diagram of the single chip microcomputer and each circuit is as shown in fig. 5:
(1) the electric connection between the single chip microcomputer and the wireless communication module is as follows: singlechip STM32L151 and loRa chip SX1276 carry out the electricity through corresponding pin and are connected, and specific connection pin is seen in FIG. 5, and this is not repeated.
(2) And the singlechip is electrically connected with the irradiation sampling circuit: pin AD0 of singlechip STM32L151 is connected with the short-circuit current measuring point D electricity of irradiation sampling circuit output for the short-circuit current of the photocell that receives irradiation sampling circuit collection carries out corresponding calculation and obtains the irradiation value, and sends out this irradiation value through LoRa chip SX 1276.
(3) Regarding the electric connection between the single chip microcomputer and the maximum power tracking circuit: pin AD1 of singlechip STM32L151 is electrically connected with charging current measurement point F of the maximum power tracking circuit, and is used for receiving the charging current fed back by the maximum power tracking circuit, so that the singlechip STM32L151 adjusts the PWM driving control signal of the maximum power tracking circuit according to the feeding current, so that the maximum power tracking circuit is in the maximum power position to output electric energy, and the electric energy is stored through the energy storage circuit, and can supply power for each chip component. The pin TIM2_ CH1 of the single chip microcomputer STM32L151 is electrically connected to a PWM driving input point P of the maximum power tracking circuit, and is used for inputting a PWM driving control signal to the maximum power tracking circuit, and by adjusting a duty ratio of PWM driving, the silicon photovoltaic cell is operated at the position of the maximum power point to output electric energy to the maximum.
(4) Regarding the electric connection between the singlechip and the photocell selection circuit: the pin GPIO of the single chip microcomputer STM32L151 is electrically connected with a channel selection input point T of a selector switch in the photocell selection circuit, and the selector switch switches and connects the silicon photocell to a corresponding circuit after receiving a channel selection signal of the single chip microcomputer STM32L151, so that the corresponding irradiation detection or power supply function is completed.
(5) Regarding the electricity of singlechip and tank circuit, not shown in fig. 5, the utility model discloses a photocell irradiation sensor can realize long-time field work because it possesses the self-powered function. The electric energy of tank circuit storage can be for each chip part power supply, and this singlechip STM32L 151's power input pin can be connected with the tank circuit electricity to acquire corresponding electric energy.
In the photocell irradiation sensor in this embodiment, if the photocell adopts a silicon photocell, the silicon photocell irradiation sensor has a LoRa wireless transmission function, an irradiation detection function, and a self-power supply function. Data are transmitted based on the wireless communication mode of LoRa, have solved the inconvenient problem that needs the wiring of installation. In order to avoid maintenance and realize self-power supply and electric energy storage, a working mechanism that a silicon photocell is used as a detection element and a power supply element is combined into a whole is designed, and the two functions are switched through a selector switch. Because the short-circuit current of the silicon photocell is in positive correlation with the irradiation, an irradiation sampling circuit is designed, the circuit acquires the short-circuit current of the silicon photocell, amplifies the short-circuit current and then transmits the short-circuit current to a singlechip for sampling calculation to acquire an irradiation numerical value. In the sampling interval, the silicon photocell works as a power supply element, and a maximum power tracking circuit is designed, so that the power generation capacity of the silicon photocell can be maximized to provide electric energy as much as possible. Farad capacitance CfThe electric energy generated by the silicon photocell is stored and is supplied to other chips after being stabilized by the LDO (low dropout regulator) of the voltage stabilizing power supply chip.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A photocell irradiation sensor, comprising:
a photocell selection circuit; the singlechip is electrically connected with the photocell selection circuit; the irradiation sampling circuit, the maximum power tracking circuit, the energy storage circuit and the wireless communication module are electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer; the maximum power tracking circuit is also electrically connected with the energy storage circuit; the photocell selection circuit is electrically connected with the irradiation sampling circuit or the maximum power tracking circuit.
2. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 1, wherein the photocell selection circuit comprises: the silicon photovoltaic cell comprises a silicon photovoltaic cell and a selector switch electrically connected with the silicon photovoltaic cell; and the silicon photocell inputs the output current of the silicon photocell to the irradiation sampling circuit or the maximum power tracking circuit through the selector switch.
3. The photocell radiation sensor of claim 2, wherein the radiation sampling circuit comprises: an operational amplifier and a short-circuit current sampling resistor; the positive current of the silicon photocell is input to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier, and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded; the negative current of the silicon photocell is input to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier; a short-circuit current sampling resistor is connected in parallel between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier; and the output end of the operational amplifier inputs the output short-circuit current to the singlechip.
4. A photocell irradiation sensor as claimed in claim 2, wherein said maximum power tracking circuit comprises: the device comprises a driving sub-circuit, a maximum power main circuit and a sampling sub-circuit; the maximum power main circuit is electrically connected with the driving sub-circuit and the sampling sub-circuit respectively.
5. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 4, wherein the driving sub-circuit comprises a driving transistor, the PWM driving control signal of the single chip microcomputer is input to the base electrode of the driving transistor through a resistor, and the emitter electrode of the driving transistor is grounded; the collector of the driving triode is electrically connected with the maximum power main circuit to drive the maximum power main circuit;
the maximum power main circuit comprises a circuit switching tube, a filter capacitor, a filter inductor and a freewheeling diode; the base electrode of the circuit switch tube is electrically connected with the collector electrode of the driving triode, the emitting electrode of the circuit switch tube is electrically connected with the positive electrode end of the silicon photocell through the selector switch, and the emitting electrode and the base electrode of the circuit switch tube are electrically connected through a resistor; the collector of the circuit switching tube is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the other end of the filter inductor is electrically connected with the energy storage circuit; one end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected with an emitting electrode of the circuit switch tube, the other end of the filter capacitor is electrically connected with an input end of the fly-wheel diode, the input end of the fly-wheel diode is electrically connected with a negative electrode end of the silicon photocell through the change-over switch, and the output end of the fly-wheel diode is electrically connected with a collector electrode of the circuit switch tube;
the sampling sub-circuit comprises a charging current sampling resistor and an operational amplifier; one end of the charging current sampling resistor is electrically connected with the negative electrode end of the silicon photocell and the input end of the fly-wheel diode; the other end of the sampling resistor is grounded; the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the fly-wheel diode after passing through a bias resistor, and the other end of the bias resistor is grounded after passing through a capacitor; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier is grounded after passing through an amplifying resistor, the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier are electrically connected through another amplifying resistor, and the output end of the operational amplifier serving as a charging current measuring point is electrically connected with the single chip microcomputer.
6. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 5, wherein the energy storage circuit comprises a farad capacitor and a voltage regulator chip; the positive end of the farad capacitor is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the negative end of the farad capacitor is grounded; the input end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply chip is electrically connected with the filter inductor, and the output end of the voltage-stabilizing power supply chip is used as a power supply output end to supply power to each chip.
7. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication module wirelessly communicates using LORA communication.
8. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 7, wherein the wireless communication module comprises a LORA master control chip SX 1276.
9. The photocell irradiation sensor of claim 1, wherein the single chip microcomputer is a single chip microcomputer of the STM32L series.
10. A photocell irradiation sensor according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the single chip microcomputer is of the type STM32L 151.
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