CN209942323U - Vehicle lateral moving device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及车辆侧向移动的技术领域。The utility model relates to the technical field of lateral movement of vehicles.
背景技术Background technique
汽车一般只能前进或后退,要使车辆的尾部(后轮)向左侧或向右侧移动一段距离,只能通过前进与后退来实现,并且需要车辆的前方或后方,都具有足够的进退距离,还包括在车头的两侧,也需具有足够的横向宽度,车辆的车身越长,所需要的各个方向上的距离也就越大。随着车辆的不断增加,停车困难已非常普遍与明显,尤其是在繁华的城市与路段,以及交通秩序混乱的商贸城、公司庭院、小区庭院内等,想找个停车位非常难,想挪动车辆开出来,也非常困难。在很多城市或住宅小区的一些路边,虽然设有路边停车位,但要将车辆停进这些停车位,没有两三次的反复进退,车辆是停不进去或停不端正的,尤其是长度不够标准的停车位,既耽误时间也很费劲与费油,更影响其它车辆的正常通行。在一些商贸城、公司庭院,以及住宅小区的死胡同里,车辆开进去要想掉头出来就非常困难,对于一些车身很长的货车来说,尤其是车身很长的半挂车,想通过转弯半径小的路段是非常困难的,要想在狭窄场地就位装卸货物更是困难。Generally, the car can only move forward or backward. To move the rear part (rear wheel) of the vehicle to the left or to the right for a certain distance, it can only be achieved by forward and backward, and the front or rear of the vehicle must have sufficient forward and backward. The distance, including on both sides of the front of the car, also needs to have sufficient lateral width. The longer the body of the vehicle, the greater the required distance in all directions. With the continuous increase of vehicles, parking difficulties have become very common and obvious, especially in prosperous cities and road sections, as well as in commercial and trade cities, company courtyards, and residential courtyards with chaotic traffic. It is very difficult to find a parking space, and it is difficult to move. It is also very difficult to drive the vehicle out. In many cities or some roads in residential quarters, although there are on-street parking spaces, the vehicle must be parked in these parking spaces without repeated advance and retreat two or three times. The vehicle cannot be parked or parked properly, especially the length Substandard parking spaces are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and fuel-intensive, and affect the normal passage of other vehicles. In some commercial cities, company courtyards, and dead ends in residential areas, it is very difficult for vehicles to turn around when driving in. For some long trucks, especially long semi-trailers, the turning radius is small. The road section is very difficult, and it is even more difficult to load and unload goods in place in the narrow site.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是:使车辆具有侧向移动的功能,以方便车辆的侧方位停车,以及方便车辆在狭窄的场地掉头等。本实用新型解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:1、在车辆底部的车架结构上,分左右设置两根伸缩杆,当左右两根伸缩杆同时伸长时,能象千斤顶一样撑起车辆,分别控制左右伸缩杆的伸缩行程与伸缩时间,就能控制车辆侧向移动的方向与距离,以此实现了车辆侧向移动的功能;2、在车辆底部的车架结构1的居中位置上,安装一个旋转动力,旋转动力的输出轴平行于地面,在旋转动力的输出轴上,固定安装了旋转撑杆,旋转撑杆象飞机的螺旋桨一样安装在旋转动力的输出轴上,旋转撑杆有一定的径向长度,在旋转撑杆的旋转过程中,其外端部将间断触及地面,并撑起与移动车辆。本实用新型的有益效果是:1、车辆进出路边停车位时方便快捷,省时、省力、省油;2、方便车辆在狭窄场地停车或掉头,方便货车 (尤其是长车身的半挂车)就位装卸货物;3、能起到车辆后轮的千斤顶作用,当车轮陷入泥坑中时,也能起到脱困设备的作用。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to make the vehicle have the function of lateral movement, so as to facilitate the side parking of the vehicle, and to facilitate the vehicle to turn around in a narrow field. The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is as follows: 1. On the frame structure at the bottom of the vehicle, two telescopic rods are arranged on the left and right sides. When the two telescopic rods on the left and right are extended simultaneously, they can be supported like a jack. For the vehicle, by controlling the telescopic stroke and telescopic time of the left and right telescopic rods respectively, the direction and distance of the lateral movement of the vehicle can be controlled, thereby realizing the function of the lateral movement of the vehicle; 2. The center position of the
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是采用伸缩杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device using a telescopic rod;
图2是采用伸缩杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的常态示意图;Fig. 2 is the normal schematic diagram of the vehicle lateral movement device adopting the telescopic rod method;
图3是采用旋转撑杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device using a rotating strut;
图4是采用旋转曲柄撑杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;4 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device using a rotating crank strut;
图5是采用双旋转曲柄撑杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device using a double-rotating crank strut method;
图6是采用单旋转曲柄撑杆与摆动臂的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;6 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device using a single-rotating crank stay and a swing arm;
图7是采用可升降的旋转撑杆方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图;FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device adopting a liftable rotating strut method;
图8是采用履带着地方式的车辆侧向移动装置的结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lateral movement device adopting a crawler grounding method.
在图3至图7中的虚线内容,表示相关机件的动作轨迹。The dotted lines in Fig. 3 to Fig. 7 represent the movement trajectories of the related mechanical parts.
图中:1.车架结构,2.左伸缩杆,3.右伸缩杆,4.承重板,5.旋转动力, 6.旋转撑杆,7.曲柄臂,8.连杆式撑杆,9.双连杆式撑杆, 10.摆动臂,11.起落架升降臂,12.伸缩杆,13.链轮,14.链条, 15.升降机构。In the picture: 1. Frame structure, 2. Left telescopic rod, 3. Right telescopic rod, 4. Bearing plate, 5. Rotating power, 6. Rotating strut, 7. Crank arm, 8. Link-type strut, 9. Double link strut, 10. Swing arm, 11. Landing gear lift arm, 12. Telescopic rod, 13. Sprocket, 14. Chain, 15. Lifting mechanism.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
在图1中,左伸缩杆2的上端,通过轴套与轴销的铰链方式,固定在车辆底部左侧的车架结构1上,轴销的轴线平行于地面,轴销的轴线垂直于车轮轴线;右伸缩杆3的上端,也通过轴套与轴销的铰链方式,固定在车辆底部右侧的车架结构1上,轴销的轴线平行于地面,轴销的轴线垂直于车轮轴线,左伸缩杆2的上端与右伸缩杆3的上端之间有一定的轴线距离;左伸缩杆2与右伸缩杆3的下端,通过轴套与轴销的铰链方式,一同固定在承重板4上,承重板 4上的轴销的轴线平行于地面,轴销的轴线垂直于车轮轴线,左伸缩杆2与右伸缩杆3在承重板4上呈V字形。In Figure 1, the upper end of the left telescopic rod 2 is fixed on the
当左伸缩杆2与右伸缩杆3同时等距伸长时,承重板4触及地面,并位于车辆左右轮之间的中间位置,当左右伸缩杆继续伸长时,车辆将被顶高(撑起),左右车轮上的重量将通过左右伸缩杆转移到承重板4上,此时,如果左伸缩杆 2继续伸长,右伸缩杆3不动,整个车辆将被撑向左侧,接下来右伸缩杆3首先缩短(缩回),车轮也就落在了左侧的位置上,完成了一个侧向移动的过程,由此可见,一个过程只能将车辆向某侧方移动一段距离,如果侧移的距离还不够,还需重新提起承重板4,并将其放在偏向移动方向的位置上,以便获得一个过程的较大的移动距离,分别控制左右伸缩杆的伸缩行程与伸缩时间,就能控制车辆的侧向移动方向与距离,以此实现了车辆侧向移动的功能。When the left telescopic rod 2 and the right
在图2中,当左伸缩杆2与右伸缩杆3同时缩短(缩回)时,承重板4被提起,并距离地面一定距离,以便于车辆正常行驶。In FIG. 2 , when the left telescopic rod 2 and the right
为方便操作与控制,左右伸缩杆上设有行程传感器,并采用程序控制器进行动作控制,左右伸缩杆的动作距离与动作顺序,包括车辆的侧向移动方向,都可由预定的程序控制完成,而侧向移动的方向与距离,则可临时地、简单地由操作人选择确定后,由程序控制器完成。由于承重板4要承受车辆后部的重量,所以其着地面积与机械强度要根据不同车型而定,如果是货车,尤其是重型半挂车,承重板4的着地面积与厚度就要相应加大加厚。左伸缩杆2与右伸缩杆3可以是液压式的伸缩杆,也可以是螺杆(螺旋)式的伸缩杆,还可以是齿条式的伸缩杆,具体采用哪种形式的伸缩杆,主要取决于需要撑起的车身重量,以及车辆的类型,一般的小型车辆没有装备液压系统,就采用电动螺旋伸缩杆,或者采用电动齿条伸缩杆,如果车辆本身就装有液压设备,那就采用液压式伸缩杆。机电行业各种定型的伸缩元件也很多,可根据需要选用。In order to facilitate operation and control, there are travel sensors on the left and right telescopic rods, and the program controller is used to control the action. The action distance and action sequence of the left and right telescopic rods, including the lateral movement direction of the vehicle, can be controlled by a predetermined program. The direction and distance of the lateral movement can be temporarily and simply determined by the operator and then completed by the program controller. Since the load-bearing plate 4 has to bear the weight of the rear of the vehicle, its landing area and mechanical strength should be determined according to different models. If it is a truck, especially a heavy-duty semi-trailer, the landing area and thickness of the load-bearing plate 4 should be increased accordingly. thick. The left telescopic rod 2 and the right
由于各种车辆的底盘结构不同,方便安装车辆侧向移动装置的部位与条件也有所不同,包括安装空间的尺寸与安装部位的机械强度等,所以在这里将车辆底盘安装车辆侧向移动装置的部位,统称为车架结构1,如果车辆侧向移动装置安装在车辆底盘的大梁上,那么左右伸缩杆的伸缩行程就需要大一些,其总长度也就要长一些,因为车辆的大梁被撑起时,由于后轮的减震弹簧或减震钢板的原因,车轮并未离开地面,所以车辆侧向移动装置的理想安装位置,是安装在车辆的车轴结构上,例如安装在差速器的半轴壳上,对于车辆后部没有差速器的车辆来说,就安装在与车轴硬性连接的结构上。对于后期增设安装车辆侧向移动装置的车辆来说,不论是安装在车辆的大梁上,还是安装在轮轴结构上,都没有现成的部件利用,所以还需根据各种车辆的具体情况,增设一些结构件来配合安装车辆侧向移动装置,这些结构件起到固定机件、加强结构、分散压强、延伸位置的作用,这些结构件通过焊接、螺栓、夹紧、抱箍等方式固定在车辆的大梁上或是轮轴的结构上。Due to the different chassis structures of various vehicles, the locations and conditions for easy installation of the vehicle lateral movement device are also different, including the size of the installation space and the mechanical strength of the installation site, etc., so here the vehicle chassis is installed on the vehicle lateral movement device. The parts are collectively referred to as
在图3中,对于一些轻型车辆来说,对于一些底盘部位空间大的车辆来说,可采用旋转撑杆的方式来实现车辆的侧向移动功能。在车辆底部的车架结构1 的居中位置上,安装了旋转动力5,旋转动力5的输出轴平行于地面,垂直于车辆后轮的轴线,旋转动力5可顺时针旋转也可逆时针旋转;在旋转动力5的输出轴上,固定安装了旋转撑杆6,旋转撑杆6象飞机的螺旋桨一样安装在旋转动力5的输出轴上,并同步转动,旋转撑杆6垂直于旋转动力5的输出轴,旋转撑杆6有一定的径向长度,在旋转撑杆6的旋转过程中,其外端部将间断触及地面,并撑起与移动车辆。在旋转撑杆6的径向端部的位置上,设置有弧形(瓦形)的触地结构,以增大旋转撑杆的触地面积,旋转撑杆6径向端部的旋转轨迹呈圆形,如图3中的圆形虚线所示。当旋转撑杆6逆时针旋转时,旋转撑杆6的端部由车辆的偏左位置接触地面,并先撑起左侧车轮,接着将整个车辆向左侧移动,当旋转撑杆6顺时针旋转时,旋转撑杆6的端部由车辆的偏右位置接触地面,并首先撑起右侧车轮,接着将整个车辆向右侧移动,以此实现车辆侧向移动的功能。采用本旋转撑杆的方式来实现车辆的侧向移动的功能,优点是结构简单,操作方便,只需控制旋转动力5的正转或反转,就能实现车辆尾部的向左侧或向右侧的移动。旋转撑杆6停止工作时,应停止在与地面平行的位置上,以避免旋转撑杆6的端部挂碰路面,可设置行程定位开关,限制旋转动力5的停机位置。In FIG. 3 , for some light vehicles, and for some vehicles with a large space in the chassis, the lateral movement function of the vehicle may be realized by means of a rotating strut. On the central position of the
在本技术方案中提到的旋转动力5,是指由马达驱动的,具有相应转速与扭矩,以及具有相应机械强度的旋转动力,它可以是电动马达驱动的齿轮减速机、涡轮减速机等,也可以是由液压马达驱动的旋转动力。The
在图4中,考虑到一些车辆的底盘上部空间有限,工作状态下,大直径的旋转撑杆的端部,可能会碰触底盘上部或周围的功能部件,例如油箱、备用轮胎、排气管等,所以不宜采用图3所示的大直径的旋转撑杆,这里采用了旋转曲柄撑杆的方式,实现车辆侧向移动的功能,目的是缩短旋转撑杆的径向尺寸。在车辆的车架结构1的居中位置上,安装了旋转动力5,旋转动力5的输出轴平行于地面,垂直于车辆后轮的轴线,旋转动力5可顺时针旋转也可逆时针旋转;在旋转动力5的输出轴上,固定安装了曲柄臂7,曲柄臂7与旋转动力5 的输出轴同步转动,曲柄臂7的另一端,设置有偏心轴,偏心轴的轴线与旋转动力5的轴线平行,在曲柄臂7的偏心轴上,滑套安装了连杆式撑杆8,连杆式撑杆8可相对曲柄臂7上的偏心轴转动,连杆式撑杆8的下部,设置有一块触地板,触地板的触地平面与连杆式撑杆垂直,曲柄臂7与连杆式撑杆8的连接方式与工作方式,与公知的曲柄连杆机构相同。当曲柄臂7上的偏心轴转动到下止点时,将通过连杆式撑杆8触及地面,并撑起车辆的后部。正常情况下,连杆式撑杆8在自身重量的作用下,始终垂直地套在曲柄臂7的偏心轴上,并保持垂直的姿态相对曲柄臂7的偏心轴移动。曲柄臂7的径向长度加上连杆式撑杆8的长度,应大于旋转动力5的输出轴与地面之间的距离。图4中的圆形虚线,是曲柄臂7的偏心轴的运行轨迹。当旋转动力5逆时针转动时,曲柄臂7带动连杆式撑杆8由车辆的偏左位置放下并接触地面,由于连杆式撑杆8下部的触地板的扶持作用,连杆式撑杆8保持垂直并支持曲柄臂7首先撑起车辆左侧车轮,接着将整个车辆向左侧移动;当旋转动力5顺时针转动时,曲柄臂 7带动连杆式撑杆8由车辆的偏右位置放下并接触地面,连杆式撑杆8保持垂直并支持曲柄臂7首先撑起车辆右侧车轮,接着将整个车辆向右侧移动,以此实现车辆侧向移动的功能。采用旋转曲柄撑杆的方式实现车辆的侧向移动,优点是减少了对周围空间的尺寸要求,操作方便,只需控制旋转动力5的正转或反转,就能实现车辆尾部的向左侧或向右侧的移动。曲柄臂7停止工作时,应停止在向上的位置上,将连杆式撑杆8提到高位,以避免连杆式撑杆8的触地板挂碰路面,可设置行程定位开关,限制固定旋转动力5的停机位置。In Figure 4, considering the limited space in the upper chassis of some vehicles, the end of the large-diameter rotating strut may touch the upper or surrounding functional parts of the chassis under working conditions, such as fuel tanks, spare tires, exhaust pipes Therefore, it is not suitable to use the large-diameter rotating strut shown in Figure 3. Here, the method of rotating the crank strut is used to realize the function of lateral movement of the vehicle, and the purpose is to shorten the radial dimension of the rotating strut. On the central position of the
在图5中,考虑到各种车型底盘部位的空间大小不同,所以安装车辆侧向移动装置可能受限,例如受到车辆底盘部位的传动轴与差速器的防碍等,所以旋转动力5不能居中安装在左右两轮的中间,这里采用了双旋转曲柄撑杆方式。在车辆的车架结构1上,分左右安装了两个旋转动力5,两个旋转动力5同步转动,两个旋转动力5的轴线平行,两个旋转动力5的轴心之间有一定距离,两个旋转动力5的轴线与地面平行,两个旋转动力5的轴线与车轮的轴线垂直。如果旋转动力5是采用涡轮减速机,那么这两个涡轮减速机的减速比相同,并且由同一台马达驱动,即两个涡轮减速机的涡杆连轴与同步。两个旋转动力5 的输出轴上都装有曲柄臂7,两个曲柄臂7在旋转圆周上的角度相同,两个曲柄臂7上都设有偏心轴,这两个偏心轴的轴线与旋转动力5的轴线平行,两个曲柄臂7的形状、机械结构、几何尺寸相同,也包括其端部的偏心轴都相同,在两个曲柄臂7同步转动的过程中,两个偏心轴之间的圆心距离保持不变。双连杆式撑杆9相当于将两个连杆式撑杆联在一起,起到相互稳定向下撑的姿态,双连杆式撑杆9可以为H形的结构,也可以呈V字形结构,双连杆式撑杆9的上部分左右设有两个滑套孔,左右两个滑套孔分别套在两个曲柄臂7的偏心轴上,双连杆式撑杆9的下部为触地端,当两个旋转动力5同步转动时,双连杆式撑杆9的下部将间断触及地面并撑起车辆。其工作原理与图4中的旋转曲柄撑杆方式相同。In Fig. 5, considering the different space sizes of the chassis parts of various vehicle models, the installation of the lateral movement device of the vehicle may be limited, for example, it is hindered by the transmission shaft and the differential of the chassis part of the vehicle, so the
在图6中,车架结构1上安装了旋转动力5,旋转动力5的输出轴平行于地面,垂直于车辆后轮的轴线,旋转动力5可顺时针旋转也可逆时针旋转。车架结构1上还固定有一个结构件,这个结构件上设有一个轴头,这个轴头的轴线与旋转动力5的轴线平行,这个轴头的轴线与旋转动力5的轴线之间有一定距离,一个摆动臂10的上端,套在结构件上的轴头上,摆动臂10围绕这个轴头摆动,摆动臂10的下端设有轴孔(或者是轴)。在旋转动力5的输出轴上,固定安装了曲柄臂7,曲柄臂7与旋转动力5的输出轴同步转动,曲柄臂7上设置有偏心轴,偏心轴的轴线与旋转动力5的轴线平行。双连杆式撑杆9呈V 字形,双连杆式撑杆9的下部为触地端,双连杆式撑杆9的上部分左右设有两个滑套孔,左右两个滑套孔之间有一定距离,左滑套孔套在曲柄臂7的偏心轴上,右滑套孔通过轴套与轴销与摆动臂10的下端连接。当旋转动力5带动曲柄臂7转动时,双连杆式撑杆9的下端间断触到地面并撑起车辆,双连杆式撑杆 9的右端跟随曲柄臂7的转动而左右摆动。In FIG. 6 , a
在图7中,起落架升降臂11的一端,通过轴套与轴销的铰链方式连接在车架结构1上,起落架升降臂11的另一端,固定安装了旋转动力5与旋转撑杆6。伸缩杆12的一端通过轴套与轴销安装在车架结构1上,伸缩杆12的另一端,通过轴套与轴销的铰链方式连接在起落架升降臂11的下部。当伸缩杆12伸长时,旋转动力5与旋转撑杆6同时被放下,当伸缩杆12缩短时,旋转动力5与旋转撑杆6同时被提高,控制伸缩杆12的伸长距离,就可控制旋转撑杆6与地面的距离,也就控制了旋转撑杆6每旋转半周移动车辆的距离。In FIG. 7 , one end of the landing gear lifting arm 11 is connected to the
在图8中,升降机构15的上部固定在车架结构1上,升降机构15的下部通过结构件固定有旋转动力5,以及多个链轮13,旋转动力5的输出轴上也装有链轮,旋转动力5输出轴上的转矩,通过环形链条14链接了多个链轮13。当升降机构15放下时,多个链轮13经过链条14触到地面,并承受车辆的重量,以及在旋转动力5的带动下向左或向右移动车辆。链条与链轮组成了类似履带式的车辆侧向移动装置。In FIG. 8 , the upper part of the
车辆侧向移动装置如果在车辆的制造设计阶段就考虑进去,如安装位置、几何尺寸、机械强度、固定点位,控制面板等,将会更完美。The vehicle lateral movement device will be more perfect if it is considered in the manufacturing design stage of the vehicle, such as installation position, geometric size, mechanical strength, fixed point, control panel, etc.
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