CN209873706U - Multifunctional breakwater suitable for high-sand-content sea area - Google Patents
Multifunctional breakwater suitable for high-sand-content sea area Download PDFInfo
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- CN209873706U CN209873706U CN201920486961.6U CN201920486961U CN209873706U CN 209873706 U CN209873706 U CN 209873706U CN 201920486961 U CN201920486961 U CN 201920486961U CN 209873706 U CN209873706 U CN 209873706U
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- breakwater
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- hydrodynamic force
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Abstract
The utility model discloses a multi-functional breakwater suitable for high sand-containing sea area, including breakwater main part, hydrodynamic force interchange passageway, turbine generator and control valve. The utility model discloses a principle for utilize the tide fluctuation to solve the uneven problem of washing the silt inside and outside the breakwater of the high sand-containing sea area of china's part, the effect of energy dissipation and electricity generation has concurrently simultaneously by-pass turbine generator, the energy that produces when can further utilizing the sand-containing water power exchange. The utility model has the characteristics of economic environmental protection, extensive applicability, production and maintenance all comparatively make things convenient for etc, the function such as wave dissipation, the function of blocking sand that not only has tidal power generation and ordinary breakwater have also can the inside and outside towards the silt balance of automatically regulated harbor pond, can save the produced huge amount expense of each coastal port silt siltation clearance, reduce the operation cost of relevant unit.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a seaport breakwater technical field especially relates to a multi-functional breakwater suitable for high sand-containing sea area.
Technical Field
The port is used as an important transportation hub and has profound significance for economic development. According to the relevant data, 35 international cities in the world are shown, 31 of them are the international cities developed because of harbors, and 50% of the global wealth is concentrated in coastal harbor cities. However, in some coastal ports (such as shanghai, Ningbo-navian, etc.) in China, silting is inevitable due to the high sand content of the sea. The reason is that in order to achieve the harbour berthing condition, a breakwater is often required to be built outside a harbour basin, the local hydrodynamic condition is changed, and the original erosion and deposition balance is influenced.
Because the flow velocity of the water body at the inner side of the breakwater is low, silt is easy to settle, and therefore siltation can occur at the position. Once siltation occurs, insufficient water depth in the harbor can be caused, and the sailing and the mooring of the ship are affected.
At present, two main ways for solving the problem of port siltation exist, one of which is to establish a numerical model according to the local water flow characteristics so as to adopt an optimal design, but the way has no universality, and once the hydrodynamic characteristics are changed after the way is actually built, the way cannot exert advantages; the second method is a regular dredging method, but the method has the disadvantages of huge cost (up to millions of cost per year), unsustainability (requiring long-term dredging for dozens of years), ecological damage and the like, and is an unprecedented method. According to the current situation, finding a solution which is low in cost, remarkable in effect and easy to realize technically is significant in practical engineering significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses a solve above-mentioned problem, provide a design suitable for high multi-functional breakwater that contains husky sea area, can be applied to all kinds of harbours, solve the problem of the easy siltation of inboard harbor basin of breakwater. In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the multifunctional breakwater suitable for the high-sand-content sea area comprises a breakwater main body, a hydrodynamic force exchange channel, a turbine generator and a control valve; the hydrodynamic exchange channel is a pipeline which is laid in advance and penetrates through the breakwater main body; the hydrodynamic force exchange channels are arranged on the breakwater main body into an upper layer and a lower layer, and each layer comprises a plurality of pipelines; the control valve is arranged at the head side end of the hydrodynamic force exchange channel, and the turbine generator is arranged at the back wave side outlet of the hydrodynamic force exchange channel; the control valve is a one-way valve, the upper layer control valve only allows the water body on the wave-facing side to flow into the back wave side, and the lower layer only allows the water body on the back wave side to flow into the wave-facing side.
Preferably, the pipes of the upper layer hydrodynamic force exchange channel and the lower layer hydrodynamic force exchange channel are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the pipe of the hydrodynamic exchange channel is between 0.2m and 0.5 m.
Preferably, a cement block or a stone block is further arranged at the sea bed on the back wave side of the breakwater body to protect the bottom bed from scouring.
Preferably, the height of the upper layer hydrodynamic force exchange channel is lower than the sea level at the time of rising tide, and the height of the lower layer hydrodynamic force exchange channel is lower than the sea level at the time of falling tide.
Preferably, the outlet of the lower layer hydrodynamic exchange channel is connected with a conduit for conducting all or part of the high sand-laden water stream flowing out of the harbor.
The utility model discloses a breakwater main part can use common gravity type slope dyke as an example, and dyke body inside lays two-layer pipeline as hydrodynamic force interchange passageway from top to bottom in advance when pouring. By combining the vertical distribution rule of the silt content in the water body, the silt concentration near the seabed of the bottom surface is higher, and the silt concentration near the water surface is lower under the action of gravity sedimentation. When tide rises, water flow can only flow into the harbor basin from an upper layer pipeline, and the sand concentration of the water flow is relatively low because the water flow is positioned at the upper layer; when the tide is ebb, the water flow can only flow out from the lower layer pipeline, and the sand concentration of the water flow is relatively high due to the gravity sedimentation effect. In daily fluctuation tide circulation, silt in the harbor is continuously carried out, so that the problem of harbor siltation can be solved. Meanwhile, high-sand-content water flow flowing out of a harbor can be drained to other places through the guide pipe, and the problem of partial scouring of the head-on wave measurement possibly existing under partial conditions can be solved.
Considering that the high sand-containing water flow has larger momentum than the general water flow, on one hand, when the hydrodynamic force outside the port is stronger, the mooring condition in the port is influenced or the excessive scouring problem in the port is caused by transmission, so that an energy dissipation device needs to be arranged at an outlet on the inner side of the hydrodynamic exchange channel; on the other hand, consider that tidal energy is a clean energy, also is a big focus direction of current sea resource utilization, consequently, the utility model discloses merge power generation facility and energy dissipater to install in the inboard pipeline exit of breakwater in the form of electricity generation turbine, set up cement piece or stone protection bed in inboard seabed department simultaneously and prevent to erode.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme as above to have following advantage:
1. multifunctional breakwater to the high sand-containing sea area and design, can effectively solve the inside and outside uneven problem of dashing silt in harbour.
2. The breakwater not only has the functions of wave dissipation, sand blocking and the like of a normal breakwater, but also can utilize tidal energy to generate electricity, and meanwhile, the energy dissipation device is avoided being installed, so that two purposes are achieved.
3. The breakwater has no technical problem in actual pouring, and is convenient to realize.
4. The breakwater is convenient for later maintenance and replacement by installing the power generation turbine and the one-way valve at two ends of the hydrodynamic force exchange channel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the embodiments, the present invention provides the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments. With these references, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention. Elements in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to indicate like elements.
The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multifunctional breakwater for high sand sea areas of the present invention comprises a breakwater main body, a hydrodynamic force exchange passage, a turbine generator and a control valve; the hydrodynamic force exchange channel 3 is a pipeline which is laid in advance and penetrates through the breakwater main body; the hydrodynamic force exchange channels 3 are arranged on the breakwater main body into an upper layer and a lower layer, and each layer comprises a plurality of pipelines; the control valve 1 is arranged at the head side end part of the hydrodynamic force exchange channel 3, and the turbine generator 2 is arranged at the back wave side outlet of the hydrodynamic force exchange channel 3; the control valve 1 is a one-way valve, the upper layer control valve only allows the water body on the wave-facing side to flow into the back wave side, and the lower layer only allows the water body on the back wave side to flow into the wave-facing side. The upper and lower layers of hydrodynamic exchange channels are not obviously different and are only illustrated in the figure.
A hydrodynamic exchange channel 3 extends through the dyke body connecting the control valve 1 and the turbine 2. Considering the structure and stability of the breakwater, for a newly-built breakwater, a pipeline is placed in advance before the breakwater body is poured. If the original breakwater is required to be reconstructed, the position where the pipeline needs to be placed should be dismantled, pouring is carried out again, and holes cannot be drilled in the original breakwater.
The construction mode depends on the type of the breakwater, and the specific flow is as follows:
if the caisson type breakwater is used, the caisson needs to be transported to a destination in a floating mode, then holes are formed in the side wall of the caisson, and otherwise, the caisson risk exists in the transportation process. In order to avoid the occurrence of cavities in the filler, the filler is filled to be level with the open pore and then the prefabricated pipeline is erected. And after filling the filler, filling the gap with concrete.
If the breakwater is a common square breakwater, the bottom concrete square is paved firstly, a pipeline paving space is reserved, and the gap is poured and filled after the pipeline is paved.
In the case of the giant rock breakwater, theoretically, the concrete of the bottom layer needs to be poured firstly, and then the pipeline is laid after the concrete is filled to a preset height. However, considering the time gap required for laying the pipeline, delamination between the early-poured concrete and the later-poured concrete may occur, and further stability hidden trouble may be caused, so that it is to be avoided that other types of breakwaters are selected as much as possible.
In addition, in consideration of convenience in later maintenance and replacement, auxiliary devices of the power generation turbine, such as pipelines, should not be cast inside concrete, and should be laid after casting is completed.
When the position and the cross-sectional area of the hydrodynamic exchange pipeline are designed, in order to ensure the structural stability and the aesthetic property, a mode of up-and-down staggered distribution as shown in figure 2 is adopted. The specific cross-sectional area and distribution density of the pipeline can be calculated by combining the following formula and measured data:
(1) sand content vertical line distribution formula (Ross formula)
In the formulaThe suspension index is called silt, wherein omega is silt sinking velocity, k is Karman constant, and U*The friction flow rate can be obtained by experiment or table lookup. h is the depth of water, and a standard value is setIf the water level y is the known sand-containing time average concentration at a (a is a small value), the sand-containing time average concentration at the point can be converted by the formula for any y
(2) Measured data of tide rising and falling time, flow velocity and the like in field
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
the time-average flow velocity component of the water flow vertical to the breakwater at the flood tide is set asThe time-average flow velocity component of the water flow perpendicular to the breakwater in the tide falling isIn this patent, due to the design of the upper and lower double rows of tubes, the total area of the upper layer channel (water inlet channel) is set to be A1The total area of the lower passage (water outlet pipe) is A2The time-average sand concentration of the corresponding position is calculated according to the Ross formulaAndlet local T1The time beginning to rise to tide, T2At the moment the tidal level reaches a maximum value, T3The time when the tide level is reduced to T1The height of the time can be estimated as the net change of silt in the harbor pool in a flood tide period according to the dataThe silt concentration of the water body flowing into the harbor basin is low, and the silt content of the water body flowing out of the harbor basin is high, so the net flux of the silt of the rising tide and the falling tide at each time is a negative value. After the conversion of the net silt flux every year, the cross-sectional area A of the pipeline is adjusted1And A2The value of (b) is balanced against the historical annual sediment deposition amount.
If the length of the breakwater is L, the cross-sectional area of the channel designed in unit length is A1L and A2And L. Because of the limitation of cost and stability, the number of channels in unit length cannot be too much, the diameter of the pipeline cannot be too large, and the device is used for solving the problem that the diameter of the pipeline cannot be too largeThe suggested pipe diameter value is 0.2-0.5 m, and the number of the channels can be determined by combining the calculated value and the construction cost.
In addition, the cross-sectional area of the pipe per unit length during construction can be multiplied by a factor greater than 1, for example, α A, taking into account practical engineering problems1L and beta A2The advantage of this design is that it is more flexible to the various conditions faced by the project, by closing or opening part of the duct.
The utility model discloses practical work as follows:
1) during the non-rising and falling tide period, the utility model is similar to the working principle of the common breakwater.
2) During flood tide, as the water level outside the breakwater gradually rises, seawater with relatively low sand content in the upper layer enters the harbor basin through the upper layer pipeline, and simultaneously, the turbine is driven to rotate to generate power. After energy conversion, the kinetic energy of the water body is consumed, so that the water body in the harbor cannot be greatly influenced.
3) During a tide fall, the process is reversed from a flood tide. Because the water body in the harbor basin is stable and the silt naturally settles, the concentration of the silt close to the seabed is higher, and the part of high-silt-content water flow flows out through the lower-layer pipeline, so that the sand content in the harbor is integrally reduced. Meanwhile, because a part of the silt is converted into electric energy through the turbine, the silt at the outlet cannot be washed away, and the stability of the breakwater foundation can be guaranteed after the protection surface is used for protecting the bottom block body.
4) When the power generation turbine actually works, the generated electric energy can be transmitted to land for unified storage through a line, and power supply or energy storage can be performed on power consumption devices (such as illuminating lamps and indicating lamps) on or around the breakwater.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A multifunctional breakwater suitable for high-sand sea areas is characterized by comprising a breakwater main body, a hydrodynamic force exchange channel, a turbine generator and a control valve; the hydrodynamic exchange channel (3) is a pipeline which is laid in advance and penetrates through the breakwater main body; the hydrodynamic force exchange channels (3) are arranged on the breakwater main body into an upper layer and a lower layer, and each layer comprises a plurality of pipelines; the control valve (1) is installed at the head side end of the water power exchange channel (3) facing the waves, and the turbine generator (2) is installed at the outlet of the back wave side of the water power exchange channel (3); the control valve (1) is a one-way valve, the upper layer control valve only allows the water body on the wave-facing side to flow into the back wave side, and the lower layer only allows the water body on the back wave side to flow into the wave-facing side.
2. The multifunctional breakwater suitable for the high sand sea area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pipes of the upper hydrodynamic force exchange passage and the lower hydrodynamic force exchange passage are arranged in a staggered manner.
3. The multifunctional breakwater suitable for the high sand sea area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pipe diameter of the hydrodynamic force exchange passage is between 0.2m and 0.5 m.
4. The multifunctional breakwater suitable for the high sand-bearing sea areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cement block or a stone block is further arranged at the sea bed on the back wave side of the breakwater body to protect the bottom bed from scouring.
5. The multifunctional breakwater suitable for high sand areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower hydrodynamic force exchange passage has a height lower than the sea level at the time of a tide fall, and the upper hydrodynamic force exchange passage has a height lower than the sea level at the time of a tide rise.
6. The multi-functional breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the conduit of the lower hydrodynamic force exchange passage is connected to a conduit for guiding all or a part of the high sand-laden water flowing out of the harbor.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110130270A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江大学 | Multifunctional jetty and coastal line self-adjusting method suitable for height domain containing the sea of sand |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110130270A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-08-16 | 浙江大学 | Multifunctional jetty and coastal line self-adjusting method suitable for height domain containing the sea of sand |
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